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About Us: Aging Defeated is a weekly eNewsletter that reveals natural, alternative solutions for aging and longevity. Readers learn about various anti-aging tips, trends and therapies as well as cutting edge discoveries and obscure, yet powerful, “fountain of youth” secrets from around the world. We tell readers, “There are ways you can actually grow younger, you just need to learn about them.” Find out how to look and feel younger BEYOND skin deep down to the cellular level…by increasing your telomeres. Discover how to maintain a youthful appearance as well as how to improve your body’s form and function. Get access to the latest advancements in anti-aging, age prevention and longevity as well as powerful secrets exposed from the four corners of the world. Our editors’ #1 priority is to bring you information that the mainstream media, old school medical establishment, and big pharma doesn’t want you to know.

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The Telomere Time Warp... Revealed! 1

If you've heard the hype about the importance of telomeres, tiny structures in human cells that protect genetic material but which gradually become dysfunctional with age, you may be skeptical. The over-heated rhetoric surrounding these microscopic filaments claim that if you improve your telomeres you can open up a potential path to the fountain of youth.

Well, you have a right to be doubtful when alternative medicine entrepreneurs and media docs pitch panaceas that can supposedly stop the aging process. But it turns out that when it comes to telomeres, a wealth of research supports the possible health benefits of maximizing these little defenders of the cell. And while you should never take a single study totally at face value, virtually all of the studies that have looked at telomeres produce the same basic message: Longer, healthier telomeres in your cells mean a better chance of living a longer, healthier life.

The multiple investigations into telomeres find they are an important influence on how you age and how your body responds to illness. In fact, much of your susceptibility to cancer, heart disease, diabetes and other sickness may be due to your ailing telomeres.

The three scientists who provided the first crucial insights into how telomeres protect the genetic DNA within cells shared a Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2009.

Importantly, since the initial experiments by these Nobel Prize winners, other tests

have offered invaluable insight into how you can use natural, healthy lifestyle habits to make measureable improvements in the microscopic functioning of the telomeres in your cells.

When DNA ReproducesThe science of telomeres has mostly focused on what happens when the cells in your body

divide. You need telomeres for proper cell division and regeneration of the body's tissues.

Every time a cell divides, its DNA (the genetic material in the nucleus) replicates itself – and that replication has to produce two exact copies of all the genetic material in the original “parent” strand of DNA. If something goes wrong, part of the genetic material can get left out or damaged.

The Telomere Time Warp... Revealed! 2

Without cellular division, you would quickly die: Your body contains about 37 trillion cells and everyday DNA is replicated during about two trillion cellular divisions.1 On your skin alone, you lose up to 40,000 cells every minute that have to be replaced and regenerated. Plus, each time you cut yourself or suffer any kind of injury – major or minor – cellular division accelerates to speed the healing process.

And that's where telomeres step in.

Because of the way DNA replicates itself, the ends of the DNA strands can be exposed to tattering and tearing as cell division commences.

Telomeres keep that from happening.

Telomeres form protective end-caps on the DNA strands. These caps have been compared to the protective plastic tips on shoelaces that keep the ends from fraying. Consequently, each time a cell divides, the full DNA is preserved and telomeres absorb the damage that would otherwise be inflicted on the tips of the genetic strands.

The telomeres also keep the DNA from becoming tangled and prevent parts of the genetic material from harmfully linking up together, an unfortunate event that would destroy the cell.

The final result is that the telomeres are shortened during each cell division while the cell's DNA stays intact. The function of telomeres is to “take one for the team.”

But they can also regenerate from their loss. The telomeres can regain a portion of their previous length with the help of telomerase, an enzyme that rebuilds some of the telomere sections that are lost. Telomerase is usually plentiful in younger cells that have a long life ahead of them. It generally decreases – or disappears entirely – in most adult cells.

Source: Telomeres-aging.com

The Telomere Time Warp... Revealed! 3

Of course, like so many processes in the body, there's more to telomeres than immediately meets the eye glued to a microscope. Studies also show that while telomeres serve as bodyguards to DNA, the telomeres themselves are defended by what are called shelterins, six proteins that group together to “shelter” telomeres. Plus, researchers have found there are other proteins in the cell that have to be present to allow telomeres to do their part in aiding cell division.2

And other mysteries surround telomeres that are still being investigated.

For example, a study led by researchers at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia suggests that telomeres can help fight off viral invasions. But when viruses impair this defense system, the invaders can successfully infect cells.3

"The biology of telomeres is extremely complex and the more we discover the more we realize what remains to be discovered,” says researcher Paula Martínez, who works at the Telomere and Telomerase Group at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre. "What surprises me most is the high number of factors we are finding that are essential to the preservation of telomeres and, above all, the precise coordination that is required between them all.”

Signs Of Aging Telomeres shrink slightly during each cell division. Eventually, after most cells divide a

certain number of times, the telomeres become too short to allow the cells to reproduce any more. According to researchers, this is a typical process in the aging of a cell. In medical lingo, at this point the cell becomes “senescent” – in plain English, “old.”

Senescent cells can no longer divide and many of them soon die after they enter this state. This leads to the typical situation you may encounter when you grow older and tissues become unable to regenerate: healing slows down and cells die off without being replaced.

In some cancer cells, however, the enzyme called telomerase, which is not operational in most adult cells, can restore telomeres and allow the uncontrollable growth that makes tumors so deadly. With unlimited telomeres, cancer cells can often keep dividing until they become life-threatening.

The Telomere Time Warp... Revealed! 4

That's why one of the challenges facing researchers investigating telomeres is how to maintain telomeres in healthy cells – to stall the aging process – while at the same time cutting off cancer cells’ access to these DNA-preserving strands. Accomplishing both aims could help all of us live longer and deal a blow to cancer.

When Telomeres ShrinkResearch at Northwestern has shed some

light on what goes on when shortened telomeres make cells more vulnerable to cancer and then lengthened (or at least stabilized) telomeres allow cancer to develop and spread.

This long-term study began by examining the telomeres in 800 people who were cancer-free at the beginning. Using repeated measurements of the subjects' telomeres, the researchers found that over the course of more than a decade, the people who were eventually diagnosed with cancer (of the skin, lungs or prostate as well as leukemia and other varieties of tumors) experienced rapid shortening of their telomeres.

In the people who eventually got cancer, the diminished telomeres looked about 15 biological years older than those in persons who did not get cancer during the experiment.

But three or four years before their diagnosis, the telomeres in cancer victims stabilized and stopped shrinking. That could mean that after the cells in the body began to be cancerous, the cancerous cells found a way to restore their telomeres and enable the proliferation of tumors.4

The researchers believe that this cycle of rapid shrinking and then stabilization of telomeres could eventually be used to diagnose your probability of developing cancer.

"Understanding this pattern of telomere growth may mean it can be a predictive biomarker for cancer," says Lifang Hou, who teaches preventive medicine at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. "Because we saw a strong relationship in the pattern across a wide variety of cancers, with the right testing these procedures could be used to eventually diagnose a wide variety of cancers."

The Telomere Time Warp... Revealed! 5

The Key To Health & Longevity In general, though, a growing number of studies now points the way to lifestyle changes

you can make today that will help lengthen your telomeres and potentially lengthen your life. Virtually all of the research continues to show that the longer your telomeres, the longer your life expectancy.

If you are a woman, you already enjoy a head start on having longer telomeres. One probable reason women outlive men is the fact that their cells start out with longer telomeres. And as the years go by, women's telomere advantage lengthens: Men's telomeres shorten more quickly with age than do those of women.5

It’s also important to stress that having longer telomeres not only makes you less likely to develop cancer, it also reduces your risk of heart disease and diabetes.6

Lab tests in Europe demonstrate that longer telomeres make a significant contribution to protecting the cardiovascular system.7

Longer Telomeres Protect Your Brain Being able to keep your telomeres longer may also reduce your chances of developing

Alzheimer’s disease. A study at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, shows that shorter telomeres are associated with a bigger risk for this brain-destroying condition.

“In this study we’ve been able to show that the telomeres are involved in the actual active mechanism behind the development of the disease...” says researcher Sara Hägg who teaches molecular epidemiology.

The Swedish researchers point out that although their study shows statistically that shorter telomeres help cause Alzheimer’s disease, the processes involving telomeres are so complicated, they can’t precisely pin down for each individual how much extra risk their shortened telomeres might create.8

The Telomere Time Warp... Revealed! 6

Walk Away From Short TelomeresIt's actually relatively easy to start a program today that can help lengthen your telomeres

and improve your outlook for living longer.

A five-year test at the University of California at San Francisco on men with prostate cancer showed you can stretch your telomeres by getting some moderate exercise daily, eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, avoiding sugary refined foods, reducing stress with stretching based on yoga poses and engaging in meditative breathing exercises.

And the exercise in this study consisted of only 20 to 30 minutes of walking a day.

The researchers found that the men who changed their lifestyles in this way experienced a ten percent increase in their telomere length. Men in the control group who kept their usual habits had a three percent shrinkage in their telomeres – the kind of reduction that usually accompanies aging.9

Cracking The Telomere Code: The Supplement Connection

Taking dietary supplements can also help you keep your telomeres be in better shape.

A study in China shows that even though many conventional doctors pooh-pooh the practice of taking multivitamins, folks who take these supplements possess telomeres that are, on average, more than five percent longer than people who forsake vitamin pills.10

Individual vitamins and nutrients have also been connected with longer telomeres. Here are some ways you can take action in combating the aging process and naturally increasing your telomeres:

An analysis performed at Harvard on women taking part in the Nurses’ Health Study (involving women from 11 different states) shows that vitamin D helps keep telomeres from shrinking.11

Japanese tests on vitamin C show that this antioxidant can also help keep telomeres from shortening as you age by fighting off oxidative stress – free radicals – a factor that can shorten telomeres.12

The Telomere Time Warp... Revealed! 7

A study of heart patients in California demonstrates that those who consume larger amounts of omega-3 fatty acids (the type found in fish oil) possess longer telomeres.13

Lab tests at the Emory University school of Medicine show that the antioxidant alpha lipoic acid can help protect cardiovascular health by stimulating the action of telomerase and lengthening telomeres in the smooth muscle of heart cells. 14

The Chinese herb astragalus has been shown in research to possibly benefit telomeres – though this has not been positively proven.15

Getting Extra ProtectionThere are also other ways to protect your telomeres: Don’t smoke. Abstain from excessive

alcohol use. Avoid processed meats like hot dogs and luncheon meats. Research on more than 800 people by epidemiologists at several universities shows that those who eat the most processed meat possess the shortest telomeres. In this study, processed meat was the only food or beverage that the researchers could definitively say was linked to telomere shortening.16

Keeping your weight down and losing body fat also help your telomeres. Research at the Yale Cancer Center shows that when breast cancer survivors lose weight, maintain muscle tissue with exercise and lose body fat, their telomeres tend to be longer. 17

"Our results indicate that having higher body fat levels is associated with shorter telomere length, and weight loss was associated with an increase in telomere length," says researcher Tara Sanft, who teaches medical oncology. "This suggests that telomere length may be a mechanism mediating the relationship between obesity and breast cancer risk and mortality."

Maximizing Telomeres by Getting PhysicalIf you want to go for the biggest bang for your

buck in maximizing your telomeres, don't just settle for “moderate” exercise. Research co-authored by Elizabeth Blackburn at the University of California, San Francisco (one of the three scientists who shared the 2009 Nobel Prize for Medicine for experimenting on telomeres), shows that folks who engage in the most strenuous and prolonged exercise generally evidence the longest telomeres.18

The Telomere Time Warp... Revealed! 8

The research demonstrated that the link between longer telomeres and exercise was most pronounced in folks between the ages of 40 and 65, showing that as you grow older, physical activity may make a crucial difference between having telomeres that are disappearing and telomeres that stay functional.

The Direction Of Future Research The continued research into telomeres promises to offer more insights into how these

DNA defenders are crucial for helping almost every part of the body stay functional. Already, studies at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre show that shortening telomeres are implicated in various liver problems.19 And tests at the University of Southern Denmark demonstrate that osteoarthritis of the knee is linked to defective telomeres that keep damaged tissue from regenerating.

Of course, despite these important developments, you might want to be skeptical when some researchers claim that eventually studies and manipulation of telomeres might enable us to live a thousand years.20

That's a pie in the sky promise. But we can use our knowledge of telomeres to improve our health and extend our life expectancy right now. And that's valuable anti-aging wisdom.

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1 - https://askabiologist.asu.edu/content/cell-division2 - http://www.cell.com/trends/biochemical-sciences/abstract/S0968-0004(15)00114-0?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0968000415001140%3Fshowall%3Dtrue 3 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4356630/ 4 - http://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(15)00102-4/abstract 5 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4460268/ 6 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22050065 7 - http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/141218/ncomms6863/full/ncomms6863.html 8 - http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2452064 9 - http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(13)70366-8/abstract 10 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2714373/ 11 - http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/86/5/1420.abstract 12 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9747894 13 - http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=185234 14 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26299964 15 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251731/#!po=30.0000 16 - http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/88/5/1405.full 17 - https://medicine.yale.edu/cancer/research/excellence/awards/YCC%20SCH%202015%20SABCS%20Participation_239760_284_29850.pdf 18 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970659 19 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25819337 20 - http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/chromosomes/telomeres/