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Absolutism –France16.2
Religious Wars
• 1560-1590s • Huguenots v. Catholics• Culmination – St. Bartholomew’s Day
Massacre
Henry of Navarre
• St. Bart’s Day massacre
• 1589 becomes King and converts. “Paris is well worth a mass”
-Becomes Henry IV• Edict of
Nantes(1598)
“A chicken in every pot”p.511
• Growing absolutism• Increase of government in lives of citizens • Reduced influence of nobles
Louis XIII• Henry IV assassinated (1610)• 9 Year old Louis XIII takes throne• Nobles begin to take power back
Richelieu p. 511
• Louis XIII is weak so installs Cardinal Richelieu as minister 1624.
• Looked to gain absolute rule, how?– Persecute
Huguenots – Nobles
castles/spies– War w/ Hapsburgs– Installed Cardinal
Mazarin as successor
Rise of the Sun King
• Louis XIV and the Fronde
-violent protest of royal power by merchants, nobles and peasants
• Mazarin died 1661• Great Grandson of Philip II – follower of Divine
Right• Followed Heliocentric view of himself
(what does that mean?)- “L’etat, c’est moi”• Ignored Estates General (had not met since 1614)
Louis XIV (1643)
• Mazarin disliked by nobles=Louis’ distrust as child. Rebellion a failure, led people to believe that a King is better than violence.
• At 23 is King. Immediately goes about gaining absolute power. How? – Intendants (expanded bureaucracy)– Excluding nobles
Absolutism
• Crises of 16th Century led to want for stability/ safety Absolutism. – Ruler has total power, divine right usually, all
decisions rested with them. Different than America how?
– Who in Europe would have disagreed/disliked this movement towards absolutism? Why? Ex?
• Louis XIV led the charge. “I order you not to sign anything, not even a passport without my command; to render account to me personally each day and to favor no one.”
The Sun King
• His control of nobility was complete • Arts/entertainment• Court lifestyle • “I am the state”
France’s Financesp. 512
• Jean-Baptiste Colbert (mercantilism)• Encouraged basic industries• High Tariffs on imports• Growing colonialism – regulated trade• France became wealthiest in Europe
Versailles
• 2,000 Rooms• Over 500 yards long• Over $2.5 billion to build, 36,000 laborers• Showed absolute power
– Nobles moved there– Silenced nobility and took control of policy, taxes, and
Church. – “Every time I appoint someone to a vacant position, I
make a hundred unhappy and one ungrateful.” -Louis
Legacy of Louis
• Expanded French borders by war.– Voltaire on Louis XIV
[It is certain that he passionately wanted glory, rather than the conquests themselves. In the acquisition of Alsace and half of Flanders, and of all of Franche-Comté, what he really liked was the name he made for himself].
• Died with France in major debt
Louis’ Shortcomings
• France had most powerful army in Europe. • War of Spanish Succession led to Treaty
of Utrecht gave power to England and Hapsburgs.
• Incredible debt at death.
Drill
• 1). What is an absolute ruler and what enabled them to come about?