WASTE MANAGEMENT WITH IN URBAN AREAS IN UGANDA; A CASE STUDY OF KYAZANGA TOWN COUNCIL, LWENGO DISTRICT

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POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT WITH IN URBAN AREAS IN UGANDA; A CASE STUDY OF KYAZANGA TOWN COUNCIL, LWENGO DISTRICT.

BY

Natamba Shadrack Signature . Date RS09M13/503

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY.

SEPTEMBER /2011

ABSTRACTThe study on waste management with in urban areas in Uganda; A case study of Kyazanga Town Council, Lwengo District. The situation of waste management in the emerging TCs is alarming and it was upon these observations that the researcher was compelled to carry out the study. The objective of the study was to establish the underlying causes of poor waste management and to seek opinions from the local people on how the problem would be solved. This research acknowledges the fact that many scholars have written a lot on waste management. Therefore, this research contains literature that has been reviewed from different scholars that relate to the study. This literature helped the researcher to be in position to relate and verify whether what other scholars have written could be applicable to Kyazanga and this helped in identifying the gap that these researchers have not been able to identify.An exploratory research design was used to explore all dimensions of poor waste management. A mixed methods approach was used to obtain a variety of information on poor waste management. The primary data which was collected from the field using Questionnaires and interview guides was recorded, tabulated and analyzed using tables to come up with the information about the causes of poor waste management in urban areas in Uganda; A case of Kyazanga TC.The reasons of the persistent poor waste management are beyond the numerous legal and institutional frame works in place despite their presence. These include; ignorance, lack of dumping site, lack of the technical staff, failure to prioritize waste management especially during budgeting among others.Recommendations have been made for example, the researcher advised that waste management be prioritized in the TCs action plans and budget allocations, and commitment of stakeholders in the terms of providing finances, time and materials to implement waste management planned activities, strengthen the existing initiatives on waste management for instance the Volunteer youth group and this could be done by giving the group an opportunity to collect wastes/garbage from the Council and be paid for the services, and finally the researcher advised the Council to revise and strengthen the by-laws and legislation relating to waste management as well as their enforcement and the need for major generators of waste e.g. markets, schools to manage their own wastes through developing frame works and self regulation e.g. by-laws for waste management among other many recommendations.

DECLARATIONI Natamba Shadrack declare that this piece of work is the first of its kind and its not a photocopy of someones work. I am the author of this dissertation and any assistance I received in preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed. Any sources of data, ideas and words either direct or paraphrased have been cited in this piece of work. I certify that this dissertation was prepared by me with the guidance of my supervisor specifically for the partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Arts in Development studies of Uganda Christian University.NATAMBA SHADRACK(1ST September, 2011).

APPROVALI hereby approve that this work was entirely carried out by Natamba Shadrack under my supervision.Signiture

DEDICATION:I also dedicate this work to my family members; dad, mum, and my siblings and my fianc. I do dedicate this piece of work to Ps. Billy Rutledge from Hetteras island Church, United states and church at large for supporting me throughout my study of this Masters degree. You made it possible for me to accomplish this study.

AKNOWLEDGEMENTI am totally convinced that the success in getting this study done did not come by single efforts of my hands but the efforts of different players whose contributions were very instrumental to see me through. First and foremost, I want to thank the Almighty God for the insights, guidance, energy and wisdom to complete this dissertation.

My highest gratitude goes to my University supervisor, Mr. Kizito Martin for guiding, collecting and directing me throughout this study.

I particularly express my sincere appreciations to the Town clerk of Kyazanga TC, Mr. Mayanja Majwala Badru for the time he spent with me during the research, moving with me and helping in identifying the key informants who helped me in data collection.

Special thanks go to my all respondents, I cannot mention each of you by name but I hold you so dearly. Thanks for the information.

KEY ACRONYM AND ABBREVIATIONSPEAP: poverty Eradication Action PlanNEMA: National Environmental Management AuthorityNGO: Non-Governmental OrganizationCBO: Community Based OrganizationEIA: Environmental Impact AssessmentUNDP: United Nations Development ProgrammeT.C: Town CouncilMDG: Millennium Development GoalKTC: Kyazanga Town CouncilWHO: World Health Organization UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.CDM: Clean Development Mechanism. GHGs: Greenhouse gasses

TABLE OF CONTENTS..PAGES abstract...iideclation.. ivDEDICATION..vACKNOWLEDGEMENT...viKEY ACRONYM AND ABRREVIATIONS.vii

CHAPTER ONE. 11.0 Introduction.11.1 Background of the Study21.2 Problem Statement.51.3 The purpose of the study71.4.1 Specific objectives71.4.2 Research Questions.71.5 Scope of the Study.71.5.1 Geographical scope71.5.2 Study scope81.6 Significance of the Study81.7 Justification91.9 Conceptual framework illustrating the relationship between the causes of poor waste management and its effects.10CHAPTER TWO122.0 Literature Review122.1 Introduction122.2 Definition of terms and concepts.122.3 Why undertake waste management?142.4 Global perspective about waste generation and management.152.5 Challenges met in waste Reduction at the Global level.162.6 Some of interventions globally.172.7 Ugandas perspective on waste management192.8 What are the causes of poor Waste management in Uganda?202. 9. Some of the human and environmental problems that can attribute to poor waste management.222.10 Policy context/frameworks for waste management in Uganda, International and regional levels.252.11 Opportunities from wastes.272.12 Gaps identified272.13 Recommendation.28CHAPTER THREE:293.0 Methodology293.1 Introduction293.2 Research design293.3 Area and population of Study.303.4 Sample size estimation.313.5 Sampling procedure and sampling techniques.313.6. Data collection techniques.313.7. 0 Tools to be used in research323.7.1 Questionnaires323.7.2 The interview guide323.7.3 Observation and a camera.333.7.4 Secondary data.333.8 Procedure for Data Collection.343.9.0 Data Quality Control.343.9.1 Validity.353.9.2 Reliability.353.10 Research Formalities.363.11 Data Analysis and interpretation.363.12 Limitations of the study and possible way forward.373.13 Dissemination of the results.383.14 Ethical consideration383.15 Conclusion.38CHAPTER FOUR404.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS404.1 Introduction404.2. Back ground Characteristics of Respondents404.2.1. Sex of the respondents.404.2. 2: Distribution of individual respondents by the zone.414.2.3: The income level category.444.2.4 Category of the premise of collection.454.2. 5: Position of the respondents in the apartment.474.2.6: Education levels484.2.7: Time spent in KTC. (How long have you stayed in Kyazanga).504.3: Is waste management a problem?514.8. What form of wastes is commonly generated in the apartments?524.9. Does your house hold have a container?534.10. Who provided the container that was used on your premises?554.11: Does your house hold receive any a collection service of any type?594.12: Do you think the acquisition of the Town Council status made any improvements in waste management?614.13: What do you think is the cause of poor waste management in your neighborhood?624.14: What are the indictors of poor waste management in this area?674.15. What do you consider the most urgent effects related to the poor waste management in your neighbourhood?694.16 Are you aware of any legal or institutional frame work that is there to address some of the poor waste management issues in your area? If so please list them.714.18: Do you think waste can be of value? Explain744.19: Conclusion75CHAPTER FIVE:765.0 IMPLICATIONS, RECCOMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY765.1: Summary765.2: Conclusions and recommendations765.3: Suggestions for further research796.0 Appendices816.1 References81 6.2 Appendix ii: Time frame836.3 Appendix 3. QUESTIONNAIRES846.4. Appendix 4: The map of Lwengo district with its neighbors.876.5. Appendix 5: Acceptance letter from the Town Clerk of Kyazanga88

LIST OF TABLES..PAGES HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946502" Table 1:Sex of the Respondents.. 40HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946503" Table 2: The distribution of respondents by zones 42HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946504" Table 3. The distribution of the respondents as per the income category 44HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946505" Table 4 (a).Premise of collection... .. 45HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946506" Table 4 (b). distribution of respondents in the business sector as per their income level.. 46HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946507" Table 5: distribution of respondents by positions . 48HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946508" Table 6. Education levels of the Respondents 49HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946509" Table 6: distribution of responses on whether waste management was a problem.. 51HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946510" Table 8: distribution of responses on the question whether the respondents had a container... 53HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946511" Table 9: distribution of responses on who provided the container.. 55HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946512" Table 10: distribution of responses on services received.. 59HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946513" Table11: Impact of the TC status. 61HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302946514" Table 12: Distribution of responses on whether the people are aware of the legal and institutional frame works in place. 72LIST OF FIGURES ...PAGES

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302947997" Figure 1: Distribution of respondents by sex.41HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302947999" Figure 2: The pie-chart showing the distribution of the respondents by zone.43HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302948001" Figure 3: Income levels of Respondents.44HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302948003" Figure 4 (a):Distributions of respondents at the residential level in relation to income levels.46HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302948005" Figure 4 (b). Respondents from the Business sector.47HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302948007" Figure 5: Distribution of respondents by positions held in the establishment.48HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302948009" Figure 6. Distribution of respondents according to their levels of Education.49HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302948012" Figure 7: Responses on whether waste management was a problem.52HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302948016" Figure 8: Distribution of Responses on whether Premises had containers53HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302948019" Figure 9: distribution of responses on who provided the container.56HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302948022" Figure 10: Responses on services received59HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302948025" Figure 11: Distribution of responses on the impact of the TC status.61HYPERLINK \l "_Toc302948031" Figure 12: Percentages of responses on whether the people are aware of the legal and institutional frame works in place72