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ABSTRACT

ISSUES OF SHEAR DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT

IN EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

Oleh

Basyaruddin

NIM : 25011015

Program Studi Magister Teknik Sipil

Pengutamaan Rekayasa Struktur

Shear deformation determined using X configuration method as traditional

instrumentation plan is controversial. Shear deformation of two specimens was re-

investigated in this research. One of those (SP3) was representing a RC beam member using a

single curvature test scenario and a coupling beam specimen (CB2) was representing a RC

beam member using double curvature test scenario. The new instrumentation technology,

optical system, provides a useful tool to evaluate different traditional instrumentation plans.

Shear deformation is evaluated with different gauge lengths. The best-possible solutions of

both specimens are determined using the optical system with the finest grid. Error is

estimated by comparing results from X Configuration method with the best -possible

solution.

Analysis results indicate that the smaller gauge length yields the better results. A gauge

length of 6.3 in. (160 mm) from X configuration method gives the smallest error, less than 10

%, in measuring shear deformation in a flexural governed member. It suggests that the gauge

length to measure shear deformation in a coupling beam specimen can be limited within 16.5in. (420 mm). The largest gauge length from X configuration method in measuring shear

deformation shows the largest error for both specimen SP3 and specimen CB2.

Keywords: Shear deformation, instrumentation, X configuration, optical system, gauge

length.


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PEDOMAN PENGGUNAAN TESIS

Tesis S2 yang tidak dipublikasikan terdaftar dan tersedia di Perpustakaan Institut Teknologi

Bandung, dan terbuka untuk umum dengan ketentuan bahwa hak cipta ada pada pengarangdengan mengikuti aturan HaKI yang berlaku di Institut Teknologi Bandung. Referensi

kepustakaan diperkenankan dicatat, tetapi pengutipan atau peringkasan hanya dapat

dilakukan seizin pengarang dan harus disertai dengan kebiasaan ilmiah untuk menyebutkan

sumbernya.

Memperbanyak atau menerbitkan sebagian atau seluruh tesis haruslah seizin Direktur

Program Pascasarjana, Institut Teknologi Bandung.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of All, I want to say Alhamdulillahirobbilalamin, thank to Allah SWT because of

the mercy and the blessing. I can finish my thesis in NTUST (National University of Science

and Technology). Through the kindness I can face all of problems during my study.

Then, thanks to my father, my mother and all of my families. Although I live so far from

them but they always support me. And they keep send their prayer to me everyday.

I would like to say thank you very much for Professor Min-Yuan Cheng. He is a good

advisor who always guide me to solve the problem that I got during this thesis project. Even

if I did something wrong, he keeps his patient to tell me the right way. He taught me how to

be a good and mature student.

And then, thanks to Prof. Cheng-Cheng Chen and Prof. Kuo-Wei Liao as my committee

members. From them I learned that my thesis is beyond from perfect. I still need more study

and my thesis needs more revision. Thanks to their advices I can revise my thesis and finish it

during the time.

Also, I will not forget my lab. Members (Rijalul Fikri, Marnie, Tony, Fedor) because

even I do not ask for help, they always be there to help me. Fikri and Marnie always give me

advice regarding solving this thesis. They said to me that I have to move on and never give

up because you did it right.

I would like extend my sincerest gratitude to Prof. Made Suarjana and Prof. Reini

Wirahadikusuma for their support. Because of them, study aboard is not my dream anymore

but I already became a foreign student in NTUST.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... i

PEDOMAN PENGGUNAAN TESIS ..................................................................................... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................... iiiii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ v

LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... vii

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.1 Overview ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.2 Test Setup of Reinforced Concrete Beam Element ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3 Instrumentation ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.4 Research Motivation .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.5 Research Objective ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.6 Outline of Thesis .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1 Research Work of Beam Examples ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.1 Specimen SP3 ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.2 Specimen CB2 ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2 Shear and Flexural Deformation .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1 Methods for Traditional Instrumentations ........... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.2 Methods for Optical System ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.


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Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1 Instrumentation Procedure ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2 Transformation of Coordinates .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3 Calculation of Shear and Flexural Deformation .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3.1 Shear Deformation ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.3.2 Flexural Deformation ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter 4 ANALYSIS RESULT .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1 Introduction .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2 Actual Lateral Displacement of the Beam Specimen .. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3 Shear Deformation ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.1 Specimen SP3 ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.2 Specimen CB2 ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter 5 CONCLUSION ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.1 Conclusion ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2 Recommendation for Future Research ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

REFERENCES ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

ARTI LAMBANG GANESHA INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG .. Error! Bookmark

not defined.


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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Moment resisting frame under lateral load ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 1.2 Experimental Setup for single curvature scenario .. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 1.3 Coupled Wall and Coupling Beams ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 1.4 Deformed shape of a coupled wall system under earthquake loading ............ Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Figure 1.5 Experimental Setup of the RC Coupling Beam ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 1.6 Traditional Instrumentation Plans .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 1.7 New Instrumentation plan ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 1.8 Small Diameter Marker .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 1.9 Study Example........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2.1 Specimen SP3 ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2.2 Test setup specimen SP3 ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2.3 System marker positions specimen SP3 ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2.4Coupling Beam Specimen (CB2) ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2.5 Coupling beam test setup........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2.6 Optical system marker positions ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2.7 Condition of pure flexural and shear deformation . Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2.8 Shear Distortion from Oesterle et al. (1976) .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2.9 Deformation of shear wall subjected to lateral load Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2.10 Component of deformation................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2.11 Instrumentation for shear and flexural masurement ............ Error! Bookmark not

defined.


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Figure 2.12 Instrumentation for shear and flexural masurement ............ Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 2.13 Deformation of a quadrilateral element ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 3.1 Optotrak System ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 3.2 Transformation of Markers Coordinate ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 3.3 Deformation of a quadrilateral element .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 3.4 Calculating deformation from moment-area method ............ Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 3.5 Calculating total deformation ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.1 First and Top row of each specimen....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.2 Actual displacement of Specimen SP3 ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.3 Actual displacement of Specimen CB2 .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.4 Loading history of Specimen SP3 .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.5 Loading history of Specimen CB2 ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.6 Quadrilateral elements of specimen SP3 ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.7 Shear strain in each cell for strip 1 (SP3) ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.8 Average shear strain for each strip (SP3) ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.9 Accumulated shear deformation from each strip (SP3) ........ Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 4.10 1 st scenario of Specimen SP3 ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.11 2 nd scenario of specimen SP3 ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.12 3 rd scenario of specimen SP3 ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.13 4 th scenario of specimen SP3 ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.14 Shear deformation of 1 st scenario (SP3) ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.15 Shear deformation of 2nd

scenario (SP3) .............. Error! Bookmark not defined.


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Figure 4.16 Shear deformation of 3 rd scenario (SP3) .............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.17 Shear deformation of 4 th scenario (SP3) ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.18 Shear deformation comparison of specimen SP3 . Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.19 Shear error versus drift relationship of specimen SP3 at positive drift ......... Error!


Figure 4.20 Shear error versus drift relationship of specimen SP3 at negative drift ........ Error!


Figure 4.21 Quadrilateral elements of specimen CB2 ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.22 Shear strain in each cell for strip 1 (CB2) ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.23 Average shear strain for each strip (CB2) ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.24 Accumulated shear deformation from each strip (CB2) ...... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 4.25 Evaluating specimen CB2 .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.26 1 st Scenario of specimen CB2 ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.27 2 nd Scenario of specimen CB2 .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.28 3 rd scenario of specimen CB2 ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.29 2 nd scenario for Group 1 and 4 th scenario for Group 2 ........ Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 4.30 Shear deformation of 1 st scenario (Group 1 of CB2) .......... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 4.31 Shear deformation of 1 st scenario (Group 2 of CB2) .......... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 4.32 Shear deformation of 2 nd scenario ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.33 Shear deformation of 3 rd scenario......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.


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Figure 4.34 Shear deformation of 2 nd scenario (Group 1 of CB2) .......... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 4.35 Shear deformation of 4 th scenario (Group 2 of CB2) .......... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Figure 4.36 Shear deformation comparison of specimen CB2 (Group 1) .... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Figure 4.37 Shear deformation comparison of specimen CB2 (Group 2) .... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

Figure 4.38 Shear error versus drift relationship of specimen CB2 (Group 1) ................. Error!


Figure 4.39 Shear error versus drift relationship of specimen CB2 (Group 2) ................. Error!


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