Abstract of Projects Selected For Further Improvement under ......Corrosion analysis on Mild steel turbine was identified as Erosion Corrosion with a rate of 0.0156 mm/y which is in

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Abstract of Projects Selected For Further Improvement under Stream A

ON FARM SOLAR POWERED SEED STORAGE SYSTEM FOR COMMUNITY LEVEL SEED BANK FOR MARGINAL FARMERS AND TO

CHECK THE SEED GERMINATION RATE

Project Reference No.: 42S_BE_1871

College : Angadi Institute of Technology and Management, Belagavi

Branch : Department of Mechanical Engineering

Guide : Prof. R. H. Angadi

Students : Mr. Maruti B Kempallingavar

Mr. Mahantesh V Maritammanavar

Mr. Ajit R Badiger

Mr. Manjunath N Naikar

Keywords :

Seed Bank, Wet paper towel test method, Peltier effect, thermo electric cooling, Solar energy.

Introduction :

As climate change has a significant impact on agricultural production, growing local varieties,

which have a high degree of genetic diversity, is highly important because these varieties have the

ability to better withstand and adapt to environmental stresses and changes. Setting up community seed

banks may help farmers to acquire varieties that are adapted to local conditions; these varieties may

not be accessible through formal seed systems, may be costly or may suffer from erratic supplies. A

typical peltier plate is of 4x4cm2 semiconductor. Thermoelectric module is made up of thin ceramic

wafers with P and N bismuth telluride semiconductor material connected in series between them.

These elements are electrically parallel connected .

The doping of P type semiconductor is done with some atoms having fewer electrons than what

is required to complete the atomic bond within the crystal lattice. If there is a concern about seed

quality, especially if it is seed that is over a year old, a wet paper towel germination test can be used to

test the seed. A home germination test will provide a reliable estimate in like of an official test some of

seeds used for storing are listed below. Solar energy is the most efficient renewable energy source

available easily and its free.

Seed name Temp ( °C)

Green Gram (Vigna radiata) 12-15

Carrot (Daucus carota subsp.sativus) 15-20

Objectives :

1. To determine seed quality suitability for planting

2. To determine need of drying and processing

3. To store the seeds using solar powered seed storage system on farming

4. The long stored seeds are used to check the seed germination rate by different methods of seed

germination process in bio-technology labs in Horticulture University.

5. The peltier cooling system are used run by solar powered cooling system

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Methodology :

1. After the harvesting of crops the seeds from the marginal farmers are collected which are going

to be used for growing crops for next season

2. The seeds are dusted, cleaned and dried which will be then ready for storage

3. These seeds are then packed in air tight container and then will be placed in a seed storage

system

4. The factors that affect the seed viability must be controlled

5. The temperature of the system should be maintained with the help of thermoelectric cooling

system

6. The storage system should be frequently maintained and checked for variation in humidity of the

atmosphere

7. The germination rate is checked by different methods like soil test method, paper towel method,

rock wool method and plain old regular seed germination method

8. Comparing the seed germination rate of normally stored seeds and seed stored in storage system

Experimental Setup :

The inner cabinet is made air tight with 4 mm of medium density wooden board of 2 ft × 2 ft ×

2 ft which is internally covered with polystyrene sheet from all sides having a total capacity of 56.63

liters. The cabinet is insulated by 0.8 mm thick sun mica sheet from outside for thermal insulation

from surrounding and the polystyrene (thermocol) sheet is covered with 20 mm of medium density

fiber board for maintaining the rigidity of the cabinet. The door is attached with hinges for better and

easy movement of it.

Figure1. ISO View of the project Figure2. Construction of storage unit Figure 3. Experimental setup

Fabrication Procedure :

1. A thermocol box of inner cabin volume of 2 foot is slotted on 1 faces with the reference of the

measurement of CPU heat sinks (50mmx60mm).

2. The inner surface of the cabin is insulated completely using thermocol sheets (20 mm) so as to

isolate the cooling cabin from the atmosphere.

3. The thermo electric module is sandwiched between two CPU heat sinks of different sizes using

thermo paste to set a single unit (it will look exactly like peltier cooling kit which we shown in

above). Thermo paste plays a vital role in conduction of heat from Peltier module to the

aluminum heat sinks. And at the end it is attached to the left side of the storage system where

pocket is made.

4. These units are placed in the cut slots with the smaller CPU heat sinks facing the interior of the

cooling cabin and the larger CPU heat sinks on the outside of the cabin to establish greater heat

rejection.

5. Addition fans are fitted on the outer side of the heat sinks.

6. Electrical connections are made and power is supplied from a AC 12V 6A adapter is connected

to the electric plug

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Applications:

1. Seeds maybe kept for one year without appreciable decrease in germination

2. Storage may extend to ten or more years under proper conditions. Seed moisture and storage

temperature are the most important factors in determining how long seeds can be stored.

3. Maintenance of the seed quality in storage from the time of production until the seed is planted is

imperative to assure its planting value.

4. To check seed quality suitability for planting.

5. It is used to check the need of drying and processing.

6. Solar energy is a renewable energy hence it is used to store the seeds in storage banks.

Scope For Future Work :

1. This system can be further improved by installing thermo sensor which can be programmed

using arduino board, to vary the power supply with in specific range of temperature.

2. Reducing the time of cooling by adding good insulation materials.

3. The same project can be used for storage of dairy products.

4. Seeds like Lettuce, Broccoli can be used as they are having low germination rate

*~*~*

SEWAGE TURBINES:EFFECT OF QUALITY OF TREATED SEWAGE WATER ON HYDROPOWER GENERATION

Project Reference No: 42S_BE_2636

College : B.M.S. Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru

Branch : Department of Civil Engineering

Guide : Mrs. Archana K.

Students : Mr. Vinay M.S.

Ms. Tulasi G.N.

Mr. Arjunkumar Yadav V.J.

Mr. Bharath M.

Introduction :

Urbanization and dependence of water has resulted in depletion of water resources thus making

recycling of waste water not such a need but a compulsion. As a result, several STP's were established

all around the globe in a very short span. Considering people's notion on treated water, most of the

treated water usage is restricted for landscaping and other general purposes neglecting the potential of

treated water. STP's are designed for different discharge and stages of treatment. Hence it is important

to the power output possible based on the varying treatment quality. We aim to conduct parametric

analysis of quality of treated water and their influence over the generated power. Eventually we try to

create a loop of electricity generated to energize the components of STP which otherwise depend on

fossil fuels.

Energy recovery from treated water is a way of coping to the high energy expenditures. Thus,

making STP‟s self-sustainable.

Objectives:

To study the hydraulic and treatment parameters at the existing Sewage Treatment Plant

considered.

To conduct the parametric analysis of treated sewage water on hydro-power generation.

To estimate the energy savings and cost-benefit analysis in-comparison to other renewable

energy sources.

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To carryout experimental evaluation of corrosion analysis on using treated water on turbine

blades.

Methodology:

Having the previous study as reference, parametrical analysis for test samples was carried out

and inferred it back with the power generated from it. Thus, trying to identify the critical parameter

responsible for addition power (W) generated because of STP treated water.

Materials

Mild steel turbine was replaced by Stainless steel turbine

pH meter, Conductivity meter, density bottle, Turbidity meter, chemicals related to test carried.

Results:

Parametric study of water samples and output power generated corresponding to them is shown

in Table 1 and Graph 1.

Graph 1 Table 1

Critical parameters identified:

Conductivity

TS

Turbidity

Studies on variation of critical parameters identified Total Solids to be responsible for the potential of

treated waste water to outrun the power generation capacity of that of a tap water.

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Corrosion analysis:

Type of corrosion observed: Erosion corrosion

Rate of corrosion: 0.01516 mmpy

Low rate of corrosion.

Hardness Number: 69 HRB

Cost and Energy analysis:

Following are the results from cost analysis of sewage turbine in comparison with Solar Power.

Table 2: Represents Cost Analysis of Sewage Turbines.

Above results proves that Sewage Turbine designed is more feasible economically in comparison with

Solar energy for generation of same amount of electricity.

Conclusion:

From the experimental results of treatment quality effects of hydropower generation, it is

evident that the net output power generated is dependent on the quality of treated water. Parametrical

variation resulted in giving promising result that the power variation is pre-dominantly depended on

Total Solids present in the treated water.

Corrosion analysis on Mild steel turbine was identified as Erosion Corrosion with a rate of

0.0156 mm/y which is in accordance to ASTM standards a Low rate of corrosion. Reductionin

hardness of material is not significant.

Energy comparison proves Sewage turbines to be more economical when compared to Solar

Panels. Production of solar panels (made of silicon) and their disposal both are proven to be

unsustainable in nature, this acts as an added advantage for the concept of sewage turbines.

further scope of study:

Hydropower from sewage treated water has proven to be promising source of renewable

energy, but under laboratory conditions. Hence further demonstration of power generation in live

condition by connecting treatment plant outlet via penstock could prove its real-time usage for

domestic purposes.

*~*~*

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S.M.A.R.T. PORTABLE FRUIT PRESERVATION SYSTEM


College : Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere

Branch : Department Of Mechanical Engineering

Guide : Dr. Sadashivappa and Dr. Sharan A.S.

Students : Mr. Vinaykumar Hiremath, Mr. Mohan Kumar K. U.

Mr. Srinivas S. V., Mr. Nagesha H. M.

Abstract:

Due to rapid growth of world population there is high demand for packed, preserved food item

worldwide for longer periods to overcome undergoing shortages. Most current preservation techniques

cause a reduction in quality and a loss of vitamins and nutrients, therefore a top priority in food

sciences has been the education of alternative, less stringent techniques. Current food borne microbial

out breaks and the demand to minimize chemical additives in food require a lot of research in order to

find innovative ways to preserve food while maintaining freshness, quality, nutritional content and

safety.

In current project an attempt has been made to develop an approach to delay the ripening of

fruits. The technique combine preservation and packing in one process and is poised to be a useful tool

to the food industry. The technique creates a unique opportunity for both farmers and consumers to

preserve and produce a new kind of storage technique that has many beneficial effects on human

health.

Introduction: Ripening is a normal phase in the maturation process of fruits and vegetables. Upon its onset, it

only takes about a few days before the fruit or vegetable is considered inedible. This unavoidable

process brings significant losses to both farmers and consumers alike.

The ripening process is then induced by spraying the fruits or vegetables with ethylene gas

when they reach their destination. For long hauls, fruits and vegetables are refrigerated to prevent

damage and delay ripening.

Foods are complex materials containing proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, enzymes, fats,

minerals, water and other organic ingredients with differing compositions. Fruits that have been

harvested prematurely may result in poor taste and quality despite appearing as fully ripened ones.

Fruits transported for long periods under refrigeration also have the tendency to lose their quality.

Shape are extremely important in basic and more advanced life. They make up the world around us.

We are using PYRAMID structure since have supernatural properties. Food kept under a pyramid will

stay fresh for 2-3 times longer than uncovered foods.

Mud is a natural resource which is used to make pot refrigerator, which helps the fruits to retain its

natural properties and maintain favorable temperature conditions.

Acoustic is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of sound waves. It is versatile and

innovative technology due to its wide range of application. Acoustics helps to slow down the Ethylene

production & respiration rate which promotes delay ripening.

Reinforced Technology:

It is the combined effects of:

Acoustic Technology ( Sound Waves )

Mud Technology

Shape Technology ( Pyramid )

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The above three elements support each other to preserve food stuffs for a longer period of time.

In this project an attempt has been made to store foods for longer period of time.

Objectives:

We are aiming to delay ripening of fruits in economical way using sound waves, by controlling

the growth of microorganisms during the storage period, thus promoting longer shelf life and

reduced hazard from eating the food.

Increase in self-life of fruits.

Storage for longer periods to use in off-seasons.

Maintaining Fruit Quality: Taste &colour.

Methodology:

Results and Discussion:

Finding in this study leads to conclusion that sound wave can be a external stimulus to delay

ripening of tomato fruit.

Tomato treated with sound waves of 1 kHz delayed changes in surface colour from green to

red.

Test conducted on different frequencies shows that self-life of fruits is depends on frequency

and temperature applied to the stuff.

Fig. Developed Model

Fig: Color change analysis of tomato fruit ripening at 5, 10 and 15 days after 5-h sound treatment

Pyramid

shaped

fruit

preserver

Low cost

and

effective

cooling

system

Introduction of

Acoustic

Technology

Experimentation

Observation,

Results and

Discussion

Conclusion

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Conclusions:

In our experiment we conducted a two week observatory test on tomatoes. It shows there is a

decrease in growth of micro-organisms which causes delay ripening.

To evaluate the impact of sound waves on fruit ripening, tomato fruits at the mature green stage

were treated with sound waves of 800 Hz and 1 kHz for 5 h per day.

Findings in this study leads a conclusion that sound wave can be an external stimulus to delay

the ripening of tomato fruit.

*~*~*

SMART HELMET FOR DELIVERY BOY SAFETY CONTROL AND ACTIVITY

ANALYZER USING IOT

Project Proposal No.: 42S_BE_1522

College : G.S.S.S. Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women, Mysuru

Branch : Department of Information Science and Engineering

Guide : Dr. Reshma Bhanu

Prof. Ayesha Tharanum

Students : Ms. Varshitha R

Ms. Shubha P S

Ms. Ameena Firdous

Ms. Niveditha M

Problem definition :

• In India around 51% of women are in workforce, it is difficult for them to manage both

household and work. Hence, they prefer to order food and shop online.

• In the last few years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of road accidents that

account 25% of total road crash deaths of two wheelers riders.

• Taking into consideration, “The likelihood of survival of fatalities wearing helmets is high as

compared to those not wearing helmets”, the safety of delivery boys who works for online

business travels across areas using two wheelers.

• The aim is to develop a “Smart Helmet” that acts as a security system and monitoring system

• To track the activities of rider and to provide safe riding this project has been proposed.

• In case of any accident occurrence, admin and emergency center will be notified through SMS.

Existing System

Existing system has helmet unit, were the bikers most of the time they don‟t like to wear

helmet which could be fatal when accidents happens.

Nowadays most of the countries are enforcing their citizen to wear helmet while riding bike

and not to ride bike when the person is under the influence of alcohol, but still rules are being

violated.

Proposed solution

The proposed system consists of two units, helmet and vehicle.

The helmet unit has sensor module to monitor: whether helmet is worn or not, alcohol

detection, touch sensor and accelerometer sensor.

Based on Radio Frequency signal received, the bike unit starts and stops automatically.

In case of helmet lost, the vehicle is ignited through android application

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The helmet has IoT camera to keep track of the delivery boy activities.

The Gyro sensor senses the gravity and calculates angular velocity to detect the accident and

the location is spotted through the GPRS which has been sent to nearby emergency center and

to the admin.

Solar panel can be used for power supply through which mobile phone can be charged

Innovation aspect in the proposed solution

In Helmet the sensor module is built using sensors like alcohol sensor, accelerometer sensor,

touch sensor and all the above sensors are connected to RF transmitter which is placed on

helmet unit to detect weather a person worn helmet are not, once the person wear the helmet

the signals gets transmitted.

In case of alcohol consumption the vehicle remains off though helmet is worn and status is

uploaded to database

The rash driving detection is done using accelerometer sensor and rash driving status is

uploaded to database for further action.

Accident detection system using wireless gyro sensors and tracking accident spot using GPRS.

Sending SMS to the emergency center as soon as the accident is detected through GSM, and

also the admin will be made aware about the accident of rider to find alternative delivery boy to

ensure on time delivery.

IoT camera will be installed for recording the live activities of driver‟s

The helmet unit is covered by the solar cell to store the electrical energy in the batteries, and

same.

Solar panel is used for charging of mobile phones

Objectives :

• To design a Smart Helmet to ensure wearing of helmet and the rider safety

• To ignite the Vehicle Unit based on the signals received from the Helmet Unit

• To provide an Android Application as a backup to ignite the vehicle in the absence of helmet.

• IoT camera can be installed for recording the live activities of the rider

• Solar panel is used to charge the mobile phones through rechargeable battery

• Accident detection through wireless GYRO sensor and spotting the location using GPRS and

dialing emergency center and admin.

System Requirements Hardware Requirements

IOT camera

GPS

GSM

Solar panel

Gyro sensor

RF Tx

Accelerometer sensor

DC motor

DC driver

Renesas microcontroller

Helmet

Ignition sensor

Rechargeable battery

Arduino nano

Software Requirements

Renesas flash programmer

Eclipse

Cube suite

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System Architecture

Figure 1: Block diagram of helmet unit Figure 2: Block diagram of vehicle unit

Figure 3: System Architecture for Smart Helmet

Figure 4: Dataflow Diagram for Delivery Boy Safety Control

Conclusion :

This project can be used in real time safety system for accident avoidance

Speed details can be detected and recorded by the speed detection sensor, so that admin has the

track on the actions of delivery boy and further actions would be taken if necessary.

Safety of delivery boys is considered by using the helmet, which uses less power consumption,

with this we can charge the cell phone battery, by using of solar power as energy

source.Messages can be passed to the admin and hospitals during any emergency.

Overall Smart helmet is designed to provide security, safety and comfort journey to the rider.

*~*~*

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ZERO COST LPG AND SOLAR REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

Project Reference Number : 42S_BE_0802

College : Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Bidar


Guide : Dr. Nagraj R G.

Students : Mr. Salok Singh

Mr. Jatinder Pal Singh

Mr. Md Tauseef Ahmed

Mr. Mohammed Asif

Introduction :

Due to the huge demand of electricity over the world, we think of recovering the energy which is

already spent but not being utilized further, to overcome this crisis with less investment. The climatic

change and global warming demand accessible and affordable cooling systems in the form of

refrigerators and air conditioners. Annually Billions of dollars are spent in serving this purpose. Hence

forth, we suggest COST FREE Cooling Systems. Although government agencies are not able to

continuously supply a major portion of electricity in both the urban as well as in rural areas. Still the

people in these regions require refrigeration for a variety of socially relevant purposes such as cold

storage or storing medical supplies and domestic kitchens this project has the novelty of using LPG

instead of electricity for refrigeration. This solution is convenient for refrigeration in regions having

scares in electricity.

Working :

The basic idea behind LPG refrigerator is to use the LPG to absorb heat. The simple mechanism of the

LPG refrigeration working is shown in the figure below.

1. LPG is stored in the LPG cylinder under high pressure. When the gas tank of regulators is

opened then high pressure LPG passes through the high pressure pipe. This LPG is going by high

pressure gas pipe to capillary tube.

2. High pressure LPG is converted in low pressure at capillary tube with enthalpy remains constant.

3. After capillary tube, low pressure LPG is passed through the evaporator. LPG is converted into

low pressure and temperature vapor from and passes the evaporator which absorbs heat from the

chamber. Thus the chamber becomes cold. Thus we can achieve cooling effect in refrigerator.

4. After this, the low pressure LPG from evaporator is passed through a pump for re-circulation of

the LPG for further refrigeration. The pump is powered by a battery which is charged by a Solar

panel

5. After this, the low pressure LPG from evaporator is passed to the burner through high pressure

pipe and we can use this low pressure LPG for burning for further application. In this project we

use recompressed LPG cylinder instead of compressor. In this way we can achieve refrigerating

effect from this system. Thus we can get refrigerating effect in refrigerator.

6. When cylinder is turned off at this stage the cooling is done by pumping cooled water through a

pump for circulation of the water for refrigeration. The pump is powered by a battery which is

charged by a Solar panel. The cold water from the reservoir is pumped and allowed to flow

through the capillary tube which is coiled around the refrigeration chamber.

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Fig. LPG and solar refrigeration system

Advantages:

1. The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of LPG is 0 and Global warming potential (GWP) is 8

which is significantly negligible as compare to other refrigerant. Apart from environment

friendly, use of LPG also gives us lot of cost advantages.

2. This fridge works without electricity as it eliminates the use of compressor and condenser.

3. Running cost is almost zero.

4. The battery is charged using a Solar panel hence no external power required for its charging or

recharging.

Disadvantages:

1. Efficiency is poor.

2. Leakage of LPG may cause accidents.

Application:

1. It can play an important role in restaurants where continuously cooling and heating is required.

2. It can be useful in remote parts where electricity is not available.

3. It can be used in refineries where consumption of LPG is high.

4. It can be used in automobiles running on LPG or other Gaseous fuels for air conditioning.

Conclusion :

1. This system is cheaper at initial and running cost is almost zero. This system is most suitable

for hotel, industries, refinery, chemical industries where consumption of LPG is very high.

2. Propane is an environmentally friendly alternative to CFCs used currently.

3. Mass flow rate increases with increase in capillary inner diameter and coil diameter whereas

mass flow rate decreases with increase in length. It was observed that the COP of system

increases with similar change in geometry of capillary tube.

4. High COP values were obtained and no operation problems have been encountered as there is

no compressor. The use of LPG as a replacement refrigerant can contribute to the solution of

Ozone depletion problem and global warming.

*~*~*

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WIRELESS SAFE SMART AND SECURED DRIVING STSTEM VERSION 3.0


College : K.L.E. Dr. M.S. Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belagavi

Branch : Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Guide : Dr. Rajashri Khanai

Students : Mr. Shashidhar Kumbar, Mr. Sumedh Sollapure

Mr. Vaibhav Tubachi, Ms. Nikita Indi

Keywords:

MQ-3 Sensor, Raspberry Pi 3, LCD, GSM module, Relay, Display, Camera, Arduino Uno.

Introduction:

Road facilities are major concern in the developed areas. Recent study shows that about 60% of

roadway accidents are due to unconsciousness of driver and blindness due to high beam of the head

lights etc. Drunk driving is a major reason of accidents in almost all countries and all over the world.

Alcohol detector in vehicles is implemented for the safety of the people.

Only having a key, vehicle is not secured because of duplication of key so, to have a security, in

this system password is provided along with key using keypad interface. During a night drive high

beam of incoming traffic causes a temporary blindness which may lead to an accident. This problem is

addressed by an automatic vehicle head light control system. Violating the speed limit in the speed

restricted areas causes accidents which leads to loss of life of innocent people. To address this issue a

speed restriction warning system is designed that warns the driver to slow down in speed restricted

areas. when car is parked outside the parking roof there is no ventilation inside. This is the serious

problem which causes suffocation when the driver enters the car. A ventilation system is to be

designed that maintains the humidity inside the car even when the car is „OFF‟.

Objectives:

To develop a password-controlled ignition system.

To detect alcohol concentration and control ignition and speed of vehicle.

To develop a overtake assistance system to help a safe overtaking of HMV‟s.

To automatically dip vehicle head light at night.

To control speed of vehicle at speed restricted areas.

To develop Ventilation system which controls humidity inside the car when parked outside the

parking roof.

Methodology:

1. Password based smart ignition control

Any vehicle is not safe because duplication of vehicle key is possible and vehicle can be

stolen. Hence there is a need of system that controls ignition only if both key of the vehicle and the

password entered by the vehicle is correct. When the key and password is correct, the microcontroller

drives a relay and vehicle can be started.

2. Alcohol detection and control of ignition

Drink and drive are the major problem which has led to many accidents. There is a high

probability of accidents when a drunken driver drives a vehicle, to avoid this alcohol detection and

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ignition control system is designed which allows the driver to start the vehicle only when is not drunk.

The system consists of an alcohol detector sensor if the driver drinks alcohol while driving, the speed

of the vehicle automatically reduces and the vehicle cannot cross a threshold speed.

3. GPS based tracking and speed control at restricted areas

It is seen that over speeding of vehicle leads to death of pedestrian and animals at speed

restricted areas. Hence a GPS based system is used to get the location of the vehicle and if the location

is speed restricted then the vehicle speed automatically slows down to restricted speed. This is done

using a vehicle speed controller unit which is to be designed.

4. Automated Vehicle Head Light Control

The main problem during night drive is the high beam of light (caused by a vehicle

approaching the driver in opposite direction), that causes temporary blindness. Hence the driver may

not be able to see the road properly and cannot judge the incoming obstacle. The solution that we

suggest is automatic dipping of vehicle head light, where a vehicle approaching the driver in opposite

direction with his head lights „ON‟ is automatically detected using a camera, the captured frames are

processed using image processing Fig 1. The processing involves detection of while light using HSV

values of white light, masking the frames to extract white light and then based on the width and height

of the white light signal is passed to microcontroller to switch the head lights to low beam. This

system is designed and implemented on Maruti Suzuki Alto 800.

5. Vehicle overtake assistance system

Overtaking vehicles becomes tedious when the road width is small. This becomes more

challenging when the vehicle which is to be overtook is a HMV (Heavy motive vehicle). The driver

needs to be very careful while overtaking. Hence to assist driver to overtake these kinds of vehicles, a

camera is placed in front of HMV and a display is attached behind the vehicle which displays front

portion of vehicle. Hence the driver who is above to overtake HMV can take help of this system for

safe overtaking.

6. Ventilation inside car when parked outside the parking roof

This is serious problem in cars. When car is parked outside the parking roof, the car cabins

humidity increases as there is no ventilation inside the car. This leads to suffocation when the driver

enters the car after parking the car outside the roof for a long period. A ventilation system is

designed, that maintains the humidity inside the car even when the car is „OFF‟. The idea is to

automatically switch „ON‟ the ventilation system when user sends message to the system before 5-

10 minutes entering the car.

Hardware Requirements:

MQ-3 Sensor

LCD display

Keypad

GSM module

GPS module

Relay

Raspberry pi 3B+

Arduino Uno

Software Requirements:

Arduino IDE

Python open CV

Rasbian OS

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Block Diagram:

Fig 1: Block diagram of Automatic Vehicle Head Light Control System Fig 2: Block diagram showing interfacing of sensors and relays with

Arduino Uno.

Results & Conclusion:

Six features have been addressed in our project. The keypad-based ignition control and alcohol

detection is addressed in project which helps to overcome the duplication of key and drunk and drive

problem Fig 3. Automatic headlight control during night is shown in Fig 5 gives the safe driving

during night. The overtaking assistance system and speed restriction warning provides on road safety

to drivers. The last feature involves the ventilation system when parked outside the parking roof is

implemented using GSM module Fig 3.

Fig 3. Overall control unit Fig 4. Keypad based ignition control

Fig 5. Automatic Headlight control in real time

*~*~*

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DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL WITH EMERGENCY OVERRIDE


College : K.L.S.‟s Vishwanatharao Deshpande Institute of Technology, Haliyal

Branch : Department of Eletronics and Communication Engineering

Guide : Dr. Arun L. Kakhandki

Students : Ms. Akshata Mathpati, Ms. Bharti Kabbur

Ms. Nakita Purohit, Ms. Pavitra Badiger

Introduction:

Nowadays one of the major problems faced in any metro city is traffic congestion. Getting

stranded in between heavy traffic is a headache for each and every person driving the vehicle and even

to the traffic police controlling the traffic. One of the oldest ways of handling traffic was having a

traffic police deployed at each junction and manually controls the inflow of traffic through hand

signaling. However this was quite cumbersome and then came the need for a different type of control -

using Traffic Control Signals. Conventional Traffic signal started playing important role in cities, but

as time passed, with increase in population in cities, this system became less efficient in traffic

management. This called the need of traffic control signal which works more efficiently. So density

based traffic control signal is proposed which allocates time for each road depending on the density of

traffic on it. And also the project aims to provide signal override for emergency vehicles through RF

signal. It happens when there is an emergency situation like ambulance, fire brigade stuck in the

traffic. This project therefore happens to be the perfect solution in high population cities.

This circuit makes use of IR sensors to measure the density of traffic. These sensors are interfaced

with raspberry pi which in turn allocates time for each lane according to the output of IR sensors

through traffic signal depending upon the density of the lane. The emergency override is done using

android application. The person in the vehicle makes use of app to send data of the lane. The control

signal turns on the green light for the emergency vehicle lane, turning all the signals of other lanes to

be red providing an emergency override.

Objectives:

1. The project aims to provide signal override for emergency vehicles like ambulance, fire brigade

stuck in traffic through an Android application control.

2. The system allocates time for each lane depending on the density of traffic on the lane.

Methodology

Block Diagram:

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 69

Work flow: Each lane is divided into three sections as Low, Medium and High traffic density regions. At

the beginning of medium and high density sections, sensors are mounted to show the respective traffic

situation on a road and to assign appropriate green light time to each lane.

When density of traffic is measured by IR sensors mounted on each lane, system gives pre-

defined interval of time to each road in accordance with the traffic density on it to clear its traffic by

making green light ON for that lane. This normal operation continues until override signal occurs.

When override signal occurs system halts its normal operation and starts executing the override signal

and again comes back to the normal operation after execution. This helps the emergency vehicles like

ambulance, fire-brigade etc. on any road to pass the signal without unnecessary waiting for the signal

to be turn green for a lane it is on, with the help of android app. The person in the vehicle makes use of

app to send data of the lane. The control signal turns on the green light for the emergency vehicle lane,

turning all the signals of other lanes to be red providing an emergency override.

Results and Conclusion:

The proposed system provides time efficient system by avoiding unnecessary waiting at traffic

signal junction due to use of density based controlling. It is priority based system as it provides

Emergency override and therefore avoiding any possible damage.

Future work:

1. Interfacing RFID to detect the emergency vehicle..

2. Model can implemented in metro cities.

*~*~*

NATURALLY ASPIRATED DOMESTIC RADIANT LPG BURNER


College : K.L.S. Vishwanathrao Deshpande Institute of Technology, Haliyal


Guide : Prof. Shankar Badiger

Students : Mr. Puneet V Shirahatti

Mr. Akshaykumar Burse

Mr. Sanjeev S Sattigeri

Mr. Siddarth Badiger

Introduction :

• In India and other Asian countries, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is the most commonly used

conventional fuel.

• India is the second largest country in the world to use LPG fuel.

• The maximum thermal efficiency of the LPG cooking stoves is around 60-65%.

• Small improvement in the efficiency of the burner could conserve the fuel.

Experimental setup

1. Novelty/Innovation of the modified device:

The domestic conventional burner would be replacing by the two-layer radiant burner. The

preheating zone and the combustion zone to increase the heating efficiency and stabilize the

combustion. Both primary air and secondary air is supplied unlike other work done by the previous

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investigators. The thermal camera is used to study the temperature distribution on the target plate

(cooking pot).

The burner designed is having the settling chamber (as shown in fig.1) in which LPG enters in

the opposite directions and enters into the preheating zone and to the combustion zone. The wire mesh

is provided to support the steel balls.

The primary air and LPG gets mixed in the mixing tube and enters the burner. The secondary

air required for the combustion is obtained by the space provided at the center of the burner. The

known quantity of the fuel is set using the control valve and flow rate is calculated using the designed,

fabricated and calibrated orifice meter.

Fig. Experimental setup

The heating efficiency will be carried out according to the BIS by heating the known

quantity of water in the pan. The water is heated to the 800C and then stirring of water is started up to

900C. The time taken to heat the water is noted down.

The temperature distribution on the pan is carried by heating the quartz plate and temperature

data will be acquired with the help of thermal camera.

Results and discussions :

The flame appearance and its shapes have been studied for the various types of burner for the

different thermal inputs. These flame shapes are obtained by impinging to the quartz plate. The

different thermal inputs studied are 0.724,0.868,0.965,1.086 and 1.206 KW. The heating efficiency

was carried out by conducting the boiling test according to BIS(4246:2002) for different domestic

burners like conventional burner, SiC porous burner (10 PPI), Metal chips porous burner and stainless

steel balls porous burner.

(a) (b)

Fig 2. flame shapes for SiC porous burner: (a)Thermal input=0.724 KW, (b) Thermal input = 1.206 KW

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 71

(c) (d)

Fig 3. flame shapes for Metal Chips porous burner: (a)Thermal input=0.724 KW, (b) Thermal input = 1.206 KW

(e) (f)

Fig 4. flame shapes for Conventional burner: (a)Thermal input=0.724 KW, (b) Thermal input = 1.206 KW

Conclusion :

• Performance of porous radiant burner for the domestic LPG stove were tested

• Heating efficiency:

• CB= 62.44%

• 10PPI SiC as combustion zone = 64.78%

• Stainless steel balls as combustion zone= 65.47%

• Metal chips as combustion zone= 66.48%

• Average temperature:

• 10PPI SiC as combustion zone = 47.817 0C

• Stainless steel balls as combustion zone= 53.34560C

• Metal chips as combustion zone = 54.5826 0C

*~*~*

MULTIPURPOSE MACHINE FOR ARECA NUT FARMING

Project Reference Number: 42S_BE_2955

College : Mangalore Institute Of Technology & Engineering, Moodbidri

Branch : Department Of Mechanical Engineering

Guide : Mr. Mohan Kumar

Students : Mr. Deekshith

Mr. Kaushik K Shetty

Mr. Nikhil Johnson

Mr. Puneeth Kumar

Introduction :

The people in rural areas of south India like Karnataka and Kerala mainly depend on

agriculture for their livelihood. The main crops grown are Areca nut and coconut. For spraying and

applying pesticides on the crown and also for harvesting, skilled laborers have to climb manually up

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the tree. Such a process looks easy, in reality it is time consuming and dangerous task. Areca nut trees

attain a height of about 13-16 meters. It is mandatory to climb the trees a minimum of five times a year

for a successful harvest- twice for the preventive spray against fungal disease, and thrice to harvest the

areca nut.

Only skilled laborers can carry out these farming operations. They have to climb the trees using

muscle power. In an acre that has 550 trees, a laborer has to climb a minimum of 100 to 160 trees. As

this involves real hard, physical exertion, younger generations of laborers are losing interest, with

potentially harsh implications for areca nut cultivation. The spraying is done in monsoon, while

harvest time is typically in summer. It requires skill to climb areca nut tree. Skilled areca nut tree

climbers have become scarce and farmers are finding it difficult to spray the pesticides.

There is a need to invent a device to address efficiency, safety and cost effective. The design of

the device has to be simple enough for villagers to operate, yet work efficiently to appeal to the

majority. In present days the climbing methods that are been used by the farmer are Rope climbing

method and Rectangle wooden seat climbing method. Rope climber is economical and simple in

design which consists of rope of length one meter twisted to the shape of the sandal, the user wears this

sandal and climb the tree manually. In rectangle wooden seat climber the user hangs the wooden seat

on his back and climbs the tree manually, once he reaches the tree top he ties the wooden seat to the

tree and rest on the seat to harvest the areca nut. Although this two methods are simple and

economical. It is not safe and cause physical strain to the user.

In summary although many device were invented to climb the areca nut tree it was not

economical and user friendly. In this project aimed to overcome these deficiencies by developing a

multifunctional machine for areca nut farming. This research is useful for climbing, cutting and

spraying pesticides on single tree to multi trees in 3600. Cutting is mainly done using telescopic arm

with the help of high speed motor.

Objectives :

The purpose of this project is to combine agricultural operations like areca nut tree climbing,

pesticide spraying and cutting the bunch of areca nut in a single machine using necessary equipment.

Methodology :

The project consists of three main systems

The climbing system

The spraying system

The areca nut bunch cutting system

Climbing system Spraying system Cutting system

Working of climbing system:

The machine will consist of a single frame which is connected around the areca nut tree with

the help of supporting rollers that can be adjusted as the diameter of the tree. The frame is fitted with

the 2 roller along with the shaft. The one end of the shaft is connected to the pulley and the sprocket.

The rollers are attached to the frame with a help of bearing. 2 rollers are connected with the help of

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 73

two V-belts both rollers rotates in the same direction. Upper shaft consists of a sprocket which is

connected to another sprocket with the help of chain. One more chain and sprocket is connected

between the speed reduction gear and cordless drill machine. The motion of the drill machine can be

controlled with the help of DPDT switch or with a wired RC controller, here we can control the speed

and forward and reverse motion of the drill machine. The sprayer system or cutting system can be

attached to the climbing system with the help of nut and bolt.

Working of spraying system:

The sprayer base is first fitted into the frame of a climbing system with the help of bolt and nut.

This sprayer base holds circular ring, this circular ring is fitted around a areca nut tree in order to form

a circle. The circular ring is connected with rollers and motors to provide 3600 rotation to the circular

frame. Nozzle which is used to spray pesticides is fitted to the circular ring and an additional motor is

fitted to the nozzle to provide upward and downward motion. Spraying of pesticides is carried out in

3600

rotation, any type of sprayer pump can be attached for this system.

Working of cutting system:

Cutter base is first fitted in to the frame of a climbing system with the help of bolt and nut.

Cutter base holds the extendable arm and one cutting blade with motor. Spring is used to connect

cutter base and an extendable arm. Another cutter is rigidly fixed to the cutter base, this cutter will be

straight i.e.900 and this cutter is used to cut the bunch of areca nut on which machine is used to climb.

One more cutting blade and motor is attached to the extendable arm, to cut the areca nut from a

neighboring tree this extendable arm is pulled manually downward i.e. 1800 with the help of rope and

the arm can be extended for different length .This arm is arranged in telescopic format. Cutting action

of a cutter is carried out by using motor. Here cutting of areca nut from nearest tree is carried out in a

2700 rotation.

Results and Discussions :

Climbing system:

The climber system for areca nut tree is designed

and tested for various areca nut trees. The unit is capable

of climbing tree for about 20 feet. The climbing

capabilities can be further increased by using power full

motors or 2stroke engine. The unit is also climb in wet

condition and is able to climb the areca nut tree without

slips. In future good quality springs can be used for better

operation as the diameter of the tree decreases it will

contract and as the diameter increase it will expands with

high grip around the tree.

Cutting system:

There are two cutters used in the cutting system

one cutter it is fixed it cuts the areca nut from the same

tree, in future fixed cutter can be made into adjustable

so it can cut the areca nut with high precision. Another

cutter is extendable it is used for cutting the areca nut

from the nearer trees it does not worked as expected

because it is manually operated so it is difficult to

operate. In future this can be made automated so it can

be operated easily.

Spraying system:

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The spraying system is capable of controlling the

direction of the sprayer nozzle and the angle of nozzle. Spraying

of pesticide can be done at 3600angle with high accuracy. Any

type of sprayer pump can be used for this system

Conclusions :

Multipurpose machine for areca nut farming is a unique

model which serves as a great help and boon to areca nut

farmers.

The multipurpose machine has been tested on areca nut

tree with satisfactory results.

A farmer with little or no technical knowledge can easily operate the machine from the ground

with a remote control.

The project concludes that the areca nut tree climber and pesticide sprayer is a safe, reliable,

efficient robot and reduces the risk involved in manual climbing and spraying to a great extent.

By installing properly designed sprayers or cutting device many number of trees can be

harvested in a single climb thus increasing the efficiency.

So, we conclude that the multitalented robot machine is a safe, reliable, efficient and automatic

tree climber which reduces the problems in climbing the areca nut tree and also it solve most of

areca nut harvesting problem.

Future scope :

Wireless technology can be adopted.

Lowering the weight.

Wheels with better frictional co-efficient can be designed.

The process of cutting can also be made fully automatic using robotic arms.

Computer vision can be added.

Improving of 2700 cutting system.

*~*~*

ಗಚುಂಡಿಗಳ ಪತ್ತ ೆಹಚ್ಚುವಿಕತ - ANDROID BASED APPLICATION TO DETECT

POTHOLES AND UNEVEN ROADS IN BENGALURU


College : New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru

Branch : Department of Information Science and Engineering

Guide : Dr. R.J. Anandhi

Students : Mr. Roshan Kumar Gupta

Mr. Anirudh Panchangam

Mr. Preetham R

Keywords:

GPS, Geographical location, Pothole detection, sensors, Android

Introduction :

A well maintained road is must for the well-being and the development of a country and it

contribute a major portion to the country‟s economy. It provides safe travelling and helps in avoiding

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accidents. Injuries and deaths by road accidents is a major issue in India and become a great

obstruction in development. The accidents mainly caused due to bad road conditions and potholes in

the road. Identification of pavement distress such as potholes and humps not only helps drivers to

avoid accidents or vehicle damages, but also helps authorities to maintain roads. Over the last two

decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the vehicle population. This proliferation of vehicles

has led to problems such as traffic congestion and increase in the number of road accidents. Pathetic

condition of roads is a boosting factor for traffic congestion and accidents. Researchers are working in

the area of traffic congestion control, an integral part of vehicular area networks, which is the need of

the hour today. Monitoring the road condition has gained significant importance in recent years, which

will ensure safety and comfort to various road users and smooth roads will lead to less vehicle damage.

This project proposes a solution to identify the potholes on roads and provides timely alerts to drivers

to avoid accidents or vehicle damages.

Objective :

The objectives proposed for Phase II:

1. Differentiate between the potholes and color-code them.

2. Display these potholes precisely on the maps.

3. Learn dynamically new potholes or potholes for a new route.

4. Differentiating the size of the potholes and warning the user accordingly.

The objectives achieved in Phase I:

1. Reduce the likelihood of accidents by warning the users about uneven roads.

2. Provide a navigation system for the users showing the condition of the roads.

3. Show the maps as an outlay to the user interface.

4. Warn any user that is approaching a pothole.

5. Provide alternate routes to a destination with less potholes.

6. Detect the potholes in uneven roads.

Materials :

1. The accelerometer which measures the acceleration and its changes the motion of the phone.

2. The gyroscope measures the orientation of the position of the scope.

3. The magnetometer shows the direction of the magnetic north pole.

4. The GPS sensor will provide the coordinates of the locations of the phones.

5. Smart phone - Web App

Methodology :

Improvisation Proposed for Phase-II:

1. When the pothole is detected, the latitude and longitude coordinates will be retrieved from the

GPS sensor. This is stored in a central database. The pothole will be categorized based on the

depth of the pothole. The map showing the location of the pothole will be colour coded. Red

will be used for severely bad roads; Orange will be used for moderately bad roads and Yellow

will be used for smaller potholes and uneven roads.

2. Once the pothole is detected and based on the magnitude of the accelerometer a threshold value

can be identified by observing the magnitude of various sizes and depths of the pothole.

3. The threshold value will act as check point and intimate the user if really a significant pothole

is existing

4. If the user is travelling in a new route, the new potholes will be identified based on threshold

and stored in the database.

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Methodology adapted for Phase-1:

1. This application will utilize the four sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer and

global positioning system) to analyze the level of unevenness (potholes and damaged roads) of

the road.

2. The accelerometer measures the acceleration and its changes of the motion of the phone. The

gyroscope measures the orientation of the position of the scope. The magnetometer shows the

direction of the magnetic north pole. The GPS sensor will provide the coordinates of the

locations of the phones.

3. When a pothole is encountered, there is an increase in acceleration in the downward direction.

This acceleration is accessed by the android application. Based on the magnitude of the

acceleration, the depth of the pothole can be inferred. A deeper pothole will result in a higher

acceleration.

4. When the pothole is detected, the latitude and longitude coordinates will be retrieved from the

GPS sensor. This is stored in a central database. The pothole will be categorized based on the

rate of change in velocity of the bike.

5. The user will input the type of vehicle he/she uses, i.e., two-wheeler or four-wheeler. Pothole

locations will be stored separately for two-wheelers and four-wheelers because the acceleration

value will vary for the two.

6. Based on the magnitude of the acceleration, the depth of the pothole can be inferred. A deeper

pothole will result in a higher acceleration. When the pothole is detected, the latitude and

longitude coordinates will be retrieved from the GPS sensor. This is stored in a central

database.

7. The pothole will be categorized based on the depth of the pothole. The map showing the

location of the pothole will be color coded. Red will be used for severely bad roads; Orange

will be used for moderately bad roads; Yellow will be used for smaller potholes; and Green for

good roads.

8. The user will input the type of vehicle he/she uses, i.e., two-wheeler or four-wheeler. Pothole

locations will be stored separately for two-wheelers and four-wheelers because the acceleration

value will vary for the two.

Results and Conclusion :

1. Severity of the potholes on the road is classified using the various color codes accordingly.

This will be upgraded dynamically, as sometimes size of potholes keeps increasing in size after

every rainy season.

2. Earlier prototype reacts to the database contents and if a new route is used by a end user, it will

not give any suggestions. But, the proposed one will start learning about new potholes and

update the database incrementally. Hence, new route will serve as a learning phase. Dynamic

learning is enabled.

3. Earlier prototype will generate alert signals, irrespective of size of pothole, hence many times

even small potholes was raising alerts, thereby causing irritation to the user. In this proposal, a

threshold is calculated and alerts will be generated only when sizable holes are detected. False

alarms eliminated.

4. Dynamic learning about new potholes and up gradation of the severity based on the size of the

pot hole.

Results of the improvised work:

Novelty/Innovation of the modified device:

1. Earlier phase of the project concentrated on all potholes irrespective of the dimensions. Hence

even a small pothole resulted in raising too many alarms. The novelty of this phase involves in

identifying the size of the potholes based on the strength of the gyroscopic signals.

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 77

2. This app will learn dynamically by prompting the end user when he travels in new route.

3. Minimum cost factor involved as the Gyroscope and the GPS trackers already available in the

Smart Phones.

4. Data collection for electronic city area already done and key areas in Bengaluru, where

increased number of two-wheelers will be computed in this phase.

Future Work :

1. API can be developed by which the government can access the data base.

2. Government can change the data base based on the repair work carried out for the pothole and

public will be aware of the status of pothole repair by seeing the display board status near the

pothole with the pothole ID.

*~*~*

MODIFICATION OF NEEM SEED DE-PULPING MACHINE


College : S.J.M. Institute of Technology, Chitradurga

Branch : Department Mechanical Engineering

Guide : Prof. Tharesh S.

Students : Mr. Dilip T.S.

Mr. Giridharmaraj B.

Introduction:

NEEM oil has become more attractive in the recent past owing to its environmental benefits

and the facts that it is made from renewable resources. Neem oil is a renewable and potentially

inexhaustible source of energy with an energetic content close to diesel fuel. Oils derived from fossils

may in course of time become obsolete but not bio oils.

This project is mainly based of modification of neem seed de-pulping machine in order to

increase the efficiency of the machine and reduce the cost of the machine to help mainly farmers.

Modifications Done :

1. Modification in the design of neem seed de-pulping machine.

2. Design and fabrication of the hopper.

Objectives:

1. To set an experimental setup for de-pulping of Neem seed

2. To complete the process in less time compared to other machines

3. To increase the efficiency of the machine.

4. To make the machine economical.

Methodology:

1. Fabrication of a temporary model.

2. Initial testing and observations on old machine

3. Design modification of neem seed de-pulping machine.

4. Fabrication of modified neem seed de-pulping machine.

5. Final experimentation and result analysis.

6. comparison between old and modified machine

This project deals with de-pulping of neem seeds which will in turn reduce the wastage of

neem oil during extraction of the same. The outer pulp of neem seeds is found to absorb oil during its

78 42nd


extraction, so it is necessary to remove the outer pulp. The present method of removing the outer pulp

is manual which is tedious and time consuming. Also, the cost of de-pulped seeds is nearly 3 times

more than that of normal seeds in the market.

So, In this project, we have made an attempt to modify "Neem Seed De-Pulping Machine". We

have made sure that the dimension of parts come in accordance with good specification.

Fig: Drawings of modified neem seed de-pulping machine

Results:

Final Experimentation:

Sl.

No.

Soaking period

(in hrs)

Weight

(in kg)

Speed

(in rpm)

Machine

run time

(in sec)

Remarks

1. 24 1 450 10 No de-pulping

2. 24 1 450 25 Good

3. 24 1 450 35 paste

Neem Seeds after 10 sec Neem seeds after 25 sec Neem seeds after 35 sec

Conclusions :

The experimentation work on the final model revealed a good result. Even the capacity of the

machine is found satisfactory when run at 450 rpm and continuous feeding of 1.5Kg of seeds at a time

with a break of 1or 2 Sec. for each feed. The time is around 25 Sec for each load. The only drawback

is the cost. Since it is designed for formers the cost should be reduced.

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 79

Scope For Future Work:

A cleaning mechanism can be designed for cleaning the de-pulped seeds. An hot air drying

mechanism can be designed for drying the seeds. The whole machine can be designed for one or two

Kg capacity and continuous feeding instead of 10Kg capacity and hence cost can be reduced.

*~*~*

ELECTRIC BILLING SYSTEM AND HOME AUTOMATION USING IOT


College : S.T.J. Institute of Technology, Ranebennur

Branch : Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Guide : Mr. Santhosh Raikar M

Students : Mr. Basanagoud C. Kuravattigoudar, Mr. Basavaraj M.G.

Mr. Vinayakumar Dange, Ms. Vidya J.

Introduction:

In the Internet of Things (IoT) model, many of the living and non-living things that encompass

us will be on the internet in one form or another. Driven by the popularity of gadgets empowered by

wireless technological innovation such as wireless Bluetooth radio frequency identification, wireless

fidelity embedded sensor, IoT has moved out from its beginning stage and it is actually on the edge of

changing the present fixed internet into a well featured upcoming internet. Currently there are almost

nine billion niter-connected gadgets and it is estimated to touch almost fifty billion by 2020.

Today the world is facing such an environment that offers challenges. Energy crisis is the main

problem faced by our society. A relevant system to control and monitor the power usage is one of the

solutions for this problem. One approach through which today‟s energy crisis can be addressed is

through the reduction of power usage in households. The consumers are increasing rapidly and also

burden on electricity offering divisions is sharply increasing. The consumers must be facilitated by

giving them an ideal solution: - i.e. the concept of IoT (Internet of Things) meters and on the other

hand service provider end can also be informed about electricity thefts using theft detection unit.

There are situations like, we are going outside and power is not there. So we will forget to

switch off all fans and lights. If the power comes, before we come back to our home leads to power

wastage. By using our project we can reduce power wastage, by the same time homeowner can send

the appropriate message to trip off those power, we can switch off all equipment‟s and thereby reduce

the power consumption, Using this project farmer can trip OFF & trip ON his pump set and also

known current information about the remote place, by doing little modifications, it can be used as

home appliances controller.

Objectives :

1. Encryption techniques present at each house for securely sending the data

2. A consistent database of all the details of each house.

3. Presence of an IoT application at each house and a central at the office to manage the house.

4. To measure home consumption using current sensor is displayed in LCD

Methodology:

Project describes the automatic electricity billing system. Here we used an IR sensor, it has

placed near the electricity measuring instrument, it will sense the rotation of the wheel in the electricity

80 42nd


instrument and generates the pulses, and microcontroller read that pulses and count it, microcontroller

processes the information according to program and sends to server, where the data can be obverse by

the KEB person and can generate the bill, it will trip OFF or trip ON a solid state relay and also send

the appropriate messages from KEB person using IoT technology.

Block diagram of Home automation and energy meter using IOT

Circuit diagram:

IR Sensor: This sensor is very sensitive. It will sense if any abstract pass through that sensor path and

it will operate in very low voltage, means power consumption is very low.

Preamplifier: The output of sensor is given to the pre-amplifier for adding extra strength to the signals

because the output of sensor cannot drive any circuit directly. So this section is used to amplify the

weak signals and converting it into strong one.

Display: we are using 16x2 LCD display, it will display the units and count of the wheel is rotating in

analog meter. And also display the appropriate electricity bill.

Solid state relay: n this relay there is no coil, spring, or mechanical contact switch, the entire relay is

made up of semiconductor material because no mechanical parts are involved in solid state relays, their

switching response time is much faster than that of electromagnetic relay. So we can use this solid

state relay to trip on and trip off the electricity.

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 81

Results & Conclusions :

Results:

Step 1: Switch on power supply. Initially lights and Fan is Off

Step 2: Connect the wifi module. Send a commend through the Google by user.

Step 3: By the instruction of user lights and fan is on.

Step 4: Electric billing system Record the all data from meter its displayed on LCD and continuously

data will send to user.

In our Approach we design a system with IR sensor and IoT technology. Instead of this we can use SPI

metering IC which will provide more parameters. By using phase we can extend to the three phase

supply.

Conclusions:

An attempt has been made to make a practical model of „IoT Based Smart Energy Meter.‟ The

propagated model is used to calculate the energy consumption of the household, and even make the

energy unit reading to be handy. Hence it reduces the wastage of energy and bring awareness among

all. Even it will deduct the manual intervention.

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Scope of future work:

We can use zigbee module to improve the internet. By using digital energy meter we can

reduce the size of the system. Voice alerts can be used to indicate the various controlling devices there

status of operation. Advance microcontroller with bigger flash memories can be used to create an

increased number of functions and programs for better functionality and for a user friendly interface.

We can include the touch sensor or pressure sensor in the system so that security is provided whenever

intruders try to tamper the electric meter.

*~*~*

ENHANCEMENT IN DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND PEFORMANCE

OF MULTISEASONAL HARVESTING MACHINE WITH

MULTIPLE OPERATIONS


College : SECAB Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vijayapura


Guides : Dr. Syed Abbas Ali

Mr. Altaf Hussain Bagwan

Students : Ms. Balappa L H., Mr. Mohamed Ali Bagwan

Mr. Sunil Rathod, Mr. Mastan Ali Mulla

Keywords:

Harvesting Machine, Cutting Operation, Sprayer Operation

Introduction:

It is a science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops. It is also called farming.

Agriculture plays a vital role in Indian economy. India is a country which is dependent on farming as a

main source of income for many families. As far as Indian scenario is concerned, more than 75 percent

farmers are belonging to small and marginal land carrying. So any improvement in the productivity

related task help to increase Indian farmer‟s status and economy. The current agriculture equipments

has lot of limitation and it required more energy to operate. In India agriculture is facing serious

challenges like scarcity of agricultural labour, not only in peak working seasons but also in normal

time. This is mainly for increased nonfarm job opportunities having higher wage, migration of labour

force to cities and low status of agricultural labours in the society. Further, the agriculture farming

system is shown in Fig. 1.1

Fig.1.1 Agriculture forming system

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 83

Harvesting

Harvesting is a process of cutting and gathering of mature crop from the field. Harvester is a

machine is used for harvesting. Different types of harvesting machines are available in the market

namely crop harvester, onion harvester, paddy harvester, tea harvester, potato harvester, wheat

harvester and sugarcane harvester.

Harvesting Methods

Manual harvesting method

In this method, harvesting is done manually with the help of human. Manual harvesting is

dominant in the developing country. In this, the land is first set on fire. The fire burns dry leaves

without harming the stalks and roots. Then labors cut the cane just above the ground level using the

canes or machetes. The manual harvesting is more intensive as compare to machine harvesting.

Further, the manual harvesting method is time consuming, efficient work may not be done and the cost

required for harvesting is also more.

Machine harvesting method

In this method, harvesting is done with the help of machine. It is fully automated it requires

very less time for cutting sugarcane around large area. The machine harvesting is having high initial

cost, high operating cost, applicable for only large scale farmers, skilled labor required to operate the

machine and area require for operation is also more. Further, the field survey is given in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 Field survey

Sl.

No

Former Name Area Crop Labor

Availability

Labors

/Acre

Time

Required

Cost/Acre

1 Kallappa

Mang

Shahapur Rice Difficult 6 12 hrs. 2500

Wheat Medium 6 14 hrs. 4000

Tor Dal Difficult 8 14 hrs. 2700

2 Mallnna Walikar




3 Rajasaheb

Nadaf




Summary of survey/Need of present model

After reviewing the literature some of the points have been observed and summarized as below:

1. Need a machine which will be useful for small formers having 4 to 5 acres land.

2. Need of machine which is very easy and skilled person is not required to operate.

3. Need to minimize the process duration for each operation compare to manual operation.

4. The existing machine and manual method is not economical, having less efficiency and the

mechanism involved is complex.

5. Need of machine which is working in all three seasons.

Objectives:

The objectives of the present study are as given below:

1. To design the harvesting machine for cutting, conveying purpose.

2. To make the machine provided with gear box and steering mechanism.

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3. To make the machine provided with pesticide sprayer

4. To make the machine lighter by doing detailed analysis of design & removing excess material

wherever it is not necessary.

5. To check the performance of adjustable mechanism and harvesting machine in all seasons.

Methodology/Design/Fabrication:

The methodology adopted for this project as follows

1. Design of all individual parts of machine

2. Fabrication of frame & other parts like blades etc.

3. Selection of engine/motor

4. Assembly of all fabricated parts

5. Testing of working model.

Fig. 4.1 Drawing of model

Fig. 4.2 Model of blade and cutter

Fig. 4.3 Chassis main frame and cutting of blades

Fig. 4.4 Fabrication process Fig. 4.5 Complete Model

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 85

Modification to old model

Improvised work with respect to previously awarded project (41S_BE_1432) Improvised work

presented in table below: Details Previous work Current Work Status

Gear box Not available in

previous work

Machine will be provided with gear

box.

Gear box is not included as it is not required.

Instead of gear box gear less engine is installed

to run the machine.

Steering System Not available in

previous work

Machine will be provided with

steering mechanism

Yes, included in current work

Pesticide sprayer Not available in

previous work

Machine will be provided with

pesticide sprayer so that it can be

used for multiple operations like

harvesting and spraying

Yes, included in current work

Weight Heavy in weight The machine can be made lighter by

doing detailed analysis of design &

removing excess material wherever

it is not necessary

The 20% weight is reduced as compared to

previous project.

Crops Harvesting crops:

Rice and wheat

Tor Dall can also be harvested in

addition to rice and wheat

Tor Dall is harvested with this machine

Results:

In this section, results and discussion of the present project work will be discussed. Section 5.1

highlights the number of labors required, time required, cost for manual method. Further, for machine

method and proposed model will be discussed in section 5.2 and section 5.3, respectively. Finally the

comparison of all method will be discussed in 5.4. Further, Sprayer results are discussed in 5.5.

Results of Manual Method

The time required and number of labors required for the harvesting of different crop is tabulated in

Table 5.1. Further, the cost required is also given in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 Results of manual method for different crops

Sl.

No

Crop

Name

Labours

/Acre

Time

Required

Cost/Acre

1 Rice 5-6 12 hrs 2400

2 Wheat 5-6 24 hrs. 4800

3 Tor 8 14 hrs. 2700

Results of Machine Method

The time required and number of labors required for the harvesting of different crop is

tabulated in Table 5.2. Further , the cost required is also given in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2 Results of machine method for different crops

Sl.

No

Crop

Name

Labours

/Acre

Time

Required

Cost/Acre

1 Rice 01 2 hrs. 1400 (Excluding Initial Cost)

2 Wheat 01 2 hrs. 900 (Excluding Initial Cost)

3 Tor 01 2 hrs 1400 (Excluding Initial Cost)

Results of Proposed Machine Method

The time required and number of labors required for the harvesting of different crop is

tabulated in Table 5.3. Further, the cost required is also given in Table 5.3.

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Table 5.3 Results of proposed machine method for different crops

Sl.

No

Crop

Name

Labours

/Acre

Time

Required

Cost/Acre

1 Rice 01 3 hrs. 300 (Excluding Initial Cost)

2 Wheat 01 3 hrs. 400 (Excluding Initial Cost)

3 Tor 01 3 hrs. 500 (Excluding Initial Cost)

Comparative Result :

The time and number of labors required for harvesting the different crops for manual method,

machine method and proposed machine method is tabulated in Table 5.4. Further, the cost required for

different method is also given in Table 5.4. The labor required per acre for different methods for

different crops is shown in Fig. 5.1. Further, time required and cost required per acre for different

methods for different crops is shown in Figs. 5.2 and 5.3, respectively. It is observed from above Figs.

that the proposed machine method shows reasonably good results when compared with manual method

and machine method.

Table 5.4 Comparative result

Sl.

No

Method Crop Labours

/Acre

Time

Required

Cost/Acre

(Rs.)

1 Manual Rice 5-6 12 hrs 2400

Wheat 5-6 24 hrs. 4800

Tor 8 14 hrs. 2700

2 Machine Rice 01 2 hrs. 1400

Wheat 01 2 hrs. 900

Tor 01 2 hrs 1400

3 Proposed

Method

Rice 01 3 hrs. 300

Wheat 01 3 hrs. 400

Tor 01 3 hrs. 500

Results of Pesticide sprayer

Table 5.5 Reading of pesticide spraying with proposed machine and back sprayer

Sl. No. Parameters Using the Proposed machine Using the back sprayer

Trail 1 Trial 2 Avg. Trail 1 Trial 2 Avg.

01 Spraying rate

(acre/hr)

1.3043 1.538 1.2290 0.5454 0.5714 0.5584

Conclusion :

The purpose of the project is to fabricate a machine to carry out the operation like harvesting which

should be helpful for the farmers having Less & Marginal Land. By the observations of the results and

discussion, variation between manual method, machine method and proposed machine method, are

described below:

1. The labors required for the proposed machine method is less than the manual method and equal

to machine method. Further, the machine method cannot be suitable for small scale farmers as

it is economically not feasible.

2. The time duration required for the proposed machine method is less than the manual method

and more than machine method. Further, the machine method cannot be suitable for small scale

farmers as it is economically not feasible.

3. The cost required for harvesting the one acre land is also less by using proposed machine

method.

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 87

4. The pesticide spraying rate of proposed machine is more than the manual method i.e., back

sprayer (Table 5.5)

5. The time duration for pesticide spraying of proposed machine is less than the manual method

i.e., back sprayer (Table 5.5)

Scope for future work

Though the machine has some innovative concepts, there is still a lot if scope for development like:

1. The machine can be made smother by using CNC machine part.

2. The machine can be made working in night time by using electricity.

3. In spraying, we considered for 16 liter capacity of tank and 4 nozzle. It can be extended up to 25

liter capacity of tank and 8 nozzles can be used.

*~*~*

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ECDSA FOR VIDEO FRAMES


College : Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru

Branch : Department of Telecommunication Engineering

Guide : Dr. Smita Sasi

Students : Ms. Akhila A., Ms. Anisha Shenoy G

Ms. Nidhi A J., Ms. Preethi R

Keywords

Elliptical curve, Cryptography, Video processing, Encryption, Decryption.

Abstract

Security of the data is the principle issue in arranging correspondences these days. There is no

calculation which guarantees the 100% unwavering quality of the transmissions. There is an

extraordinary interest for safeguarding the safe stockpiling and transmission of video over internet and

shared framework condition. This brings new difficulties to shield delicate and basic video from

unapproved and unlawful use. Promoting innovation is additionally utilized by interlopers to rupture

the security of the frameworks. Thus, every time cryptosystems are created in light of complex

Science, ECC is one of the methods in such sort of cryptosystems. Security of the elliptic curve lies in

hardness of taking care of the discrete logarithm issues. The implementation of this paper has been

done in MATLAB -2017a on an ECC for video encryption/decryption, primarily ECDH is used for

key exchange. It presents the basics of Elliptic Curve over the whole numbers modulo p, where p is

prime integers. At that point the hypothetical underpinnings of the ECDH framework are secured,

review of video which it will encrypt and decrypt in this paper, including a concise at how this

framework is functioned by taking pixels of video and encryption/decryption using ECC.

Introduction :

Video encryption is a field that has drawn much attention in the most recent years because of

the wide utilization of video information through the web. So as to satisfy such a work, numerous

video encryption strategies have been proposed. One of the methodologies is elliptical curve

cryptography(ECC). Video has been broadly utilized as a part of our day to day life. For instance, it is

vital to ensure the charts of armed force emplacements, the outlines of bank building development, and

the essential information caught by military satellites. Furthermore, the quantity of PC violations has

expanded as of late video security has turned into a critical point in the present PC world. Present days

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we are required to conceal the arranged data of the nation in Google outline can't access by another

nation. Encryption is utilized to safely image transmit or any such of information in the frameworks.

Furthermore, the quantity of PC violations has expanded as of late video security has turned into a

critical point in the present PC world. Encryption is utilized to safely video transmit or any such of

information in the frameworks. Each sort of information has its own particular highlights, so the

diverse procedures ought to be utilized to shield classified video information from unapproved access.

In this project, we will present encryption, decryption and investigate the outcome. A strategy

called ECC is turning into the decision for phone communication. ECC utilizes little key size and

extremely more productive. A crypto-algorithm utilizes a DLP over the point on the elliptic curve.

RSA is the crypto-security of decision for Web based business exchange. The RSA is too ease back

contrasted with ECC since ECC requires little key size contrast with RSA. In 160-bit key master on

ECC videos a similar security when contrasted with the conventional cryptosystem RSA with a 1024-

bit key, consequently along these lines it can decrease computational cost or handling cost. ECC was

proposed by Miller and Koblitz. The security of ECC relies upon the trouble of discovering K for the

given P and KP. The security level for contrast difference key size of RSA and ECC is given in table1.

ECC isn't straightforward by assailants. So it gives better security through uncertain channels.

Objective :

Tostudy the existing cryptographic techniques.

Design and implement ECC for text as well as image.

Do the literature survey on video encoding techniques.

Design and implement video encoding techniques on ECC and authentication on DSA.

Project outcomes :

The project would give a fair knowledge of Elliptical Curve Cryptography and Digital

Signature Algorithm(DSA).

It gives a fair understanding of the implementation of image encryption using ECC which

serves as a foundation to implement the same for video/multimedia data.

It makes it possible to realize the importance of video encryption which is becoming popular

due to increasing use of video application.

The project proposes a video encryption technique on ECC using DSA authentication which

can be used for real time applications.

The project also tries to evaluate the performance and robustness of the proposed technique as

an attempt to prove its efficiency.

*~*~*

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF GOBAR GAS BASED REFRIGERATION SYSYEM


College : Rajarajeswari College of Engineering, Bengaluru


Guide : Dr. N. Sreenivasalu Reddy and Dr. Vishwanath K.C.

Students : Mr. Shashank G., Mr. Sandesh M.K.

Mr. Renuka Raj, Mr. Sachin Malabadi

Keywords :

Gobar Gas, COP, Refrigerant, Evaporator.

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 89

Objectives:

1. Use of GOBAR as a refrigerant also improves the overall efficiency of by 10 to 20%.

2. The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of LPG is 0 and Global warming potential (GWP) is 8

3. which is significantly negligible as compare to other refrigerant.

4. A part from environment friendly, use of gobar also gives us lot of cost advantages.

Methodology:

The basic idea behind gobar refrigerator is to use the gobar to absorb heat. The simple

mechanism of the gobar refrigeration working is shown in the figure below. gobar is stored in the

gobar cylinder under high pressure. When the gas tank of regulators is opened then high pressure

gobar passes through the high pressure pipe.

This gobar is going by high pressure gas pipe to capillary tube. High pressure gobar is

converted in low pressure at capillary tube with enthalpy remains constant. After capillary tube, low

pressure gobar is passed through the evaporator. gobar is converted into low pressure and temperature

vapor from and passes the evaporator which absorbs heat from the chamber. Thus the chamber

becomes cool down. Thus we can achieve cooling effect in refrigerator. After passing through the

evaporator low pressure gobar is passed through the pipe to burner. And we can use the low pressure

of gobar in burning processes. The gobar Refrigerator is work on the simple Vapour Compression

Refrigeration system.

Experimental setup :

Scope for future work :

Present work is further investigated by using blending of gobar gas with refrigerants. The

system can be investigated by duel purposes like heating and cooling.

*~*~*

LIVING ROOFS - THE FUTURE IS ALIVE


College : B.L.D.E.A‟s Vachana Pitamaha Dr. P. G. Halakatti College of Engineering and

Technology, Vijayapura

Branch : Department of Civil Engineering

Guide : Mrs. Anuradha S Tanksali

Students : Ms. Aishwarya Biradar, Ms. Soubhagya Metri

Synopsis :

Globally mankind is facing numerous issues like global warming, climate change, ozone layer

depletion and acid rain. These issues are debated extensively throughout the globe. It is yet to be

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specified whether anthropogenic sources or natural sources are wholly responsible for these issues.

More than debating on these issues, we need to check the preventive measures to be considered and the

most effective one would be the sustainable development.

In urban area, the matter has intensified due to the extensive cultivation of the concrete jungle.

This is leading to increase in temperature, air pollution and health hazards. India being situated in the

Tropical Region of Earth is prone to high temperature variations and major part of the country is

facing problems like droughts, famines etc. The Metro cities of the country have been converted to

large concrete forests with very scarce amount of vegetation in and around the cities, causing more

pollution and other effects like generation of fog, smog, acid rains etc. in the city. Delhi, the capital of

India is a very good example of the same situation.

Karnataka falls in the Northern Region, a dry region with very scanty rainfall. The agricultural

practices in the state are facing numerous problems. The cities like Vijayapura, Kalburgi etc. are

having temperature ranging from 42o C to 45

o C during summer leading serious water scarcity

problem.

In this project the concept of Living Roofs is introduced as one of the solution for problems,

being faced by the tropical urban establishments. Living roof also known as Green roof is a partially or

completely covered vegetation on a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane.

The Living roof was established on the roof of a room of area, 25m2. The outside atmospheric

temperature at the roof level and inside the room without living roof and inside the room with living

roof was monitored for one month. It was observed that the internal temperature of the room with

living roof was reduced by 10-12 degree Celsius (afternoon timing) compared with room without

living roof. Electrical power saving per month during summer was estimated, 65-70% reduction in the

expenses was observed. Based on the type of growing medium, the amount of oxygen generation in the

area was estimated and the possible reduction of CO 2 and CO in the surrounding air. Based on the

previous single day precipitation record (with two hours rainfall) the total rain water harvested was

260 litres. Solar power generation is included as an optional part of living roof concept. The panel is

intended to supply basic water supply for the plants on roof top and lighting requirements for the room

below the living roof. Due to the higher cost of solar panel the additional establishment will be based

on the interest of the owner. The entire setup was done using eco-friendly materials. Though the

overall cost of implementation seems to be high, this one-time investment with lesser maintenance cost

is a sustainable and attractive solution for the problems being faced by urban establishments.

*~*~*

SOLAR POWERED FOREST FIRE DETECTION AND MITIGATION


College : Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Tumakuru

Branch : Department Of Electrical And Electronics Engineering

Guide : Dr. L.Sanjeev Kumar

Students : Mr. Vinod Channappa Sajjan, Ms. Lavanya B

Ms. Rashmi S Hugar, Mr. Premsagar G

Synopsis :

Forest Fires are one of the most important resources for human survival and social

development. However, because of some uncontrolled abnormal natural conditions, Forest Fires occur

frequently. In recent years, human activities and other factors has increased forest fires considerably

due to climate changes, human activities and other factors. The forest fire prevention organizations

have concern globally to maintain and prevent the forest fire accidents. The scope of application of

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 91

Satellite Detection Systems is also restricted by some factors, which reduces its effectiveness in Forest

Fire Detection. Another problem is that the cloud layers may mask images during the scanning period.

Network Topology is used for automating the detection of Forest Fires and send the

information to the computers in the Monitoring Centers. This technique is helpful in early detection of

forest fire and necessary technique for mitigate the same(prevention is better than cure).

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN‟s) is used for Forest Fire Detection Systems that can be

implemented for detect the fire caused if forest (basically in fire prone area). Systems comprised of

basic Radio Frequency modules, normal Solar Energy module and wireless sensor modules.

WSN‟s are made-up of number of nodes which are arranged and connected for detection of

fire and other parameters, and these nodes are individual small computers. These tiny devices work

co-operatively to form centralized network system. It is aimed to collect information about

microclimates across all sections of forest; these nodes are placed in different trees in the forest to

form a network. If a node detects fire it sends an alarm message to ranger station which automatically

sends signals to concerned people for necessary action. A system is built nearer to the fire area to

mitigate the same when a fire is cached (preventive method of fire extinguishing)

*~*~*

92 42nd


SMART HELMET FOR RIDER SAFETY


College : Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering, Moodbidri


Guide : Mr. Ashok K N

Students : Ms. Pavana

Mr. Pradeep

Mr. Vignesh Naik K

Mr. Raghavendra Ganesh Patgar

Keywords:

Helmet unit, Bike unit, Raspberry pi, Python, ZigBee, Alcohol Sensor, Piezoelectric Sensor, IR

Sensor, LCD Display, GPS and GSM Module, Buzzer.

Introduction:

Road safety is emerging as a major social concern around the world especially in India. Drunk

and drive is already a serious public problem, which is likely to emerge as one of the most significant

problems in the near future. The main purpose of this project is “Drunken driving detection and

accident detection”. Since many accidents are happening because of the alcohol consumption of the

driver. Thus drunk and drive is major reason of accidents in almost all countries all over world. This

system will reduce the quantum of road accidents and fatalities due to drunk driving in future.

This system is capable of providing security and safety of the bikers against road accidents.

The circuit is so designed that the bike won‟t start without wearing helmet and if the rider is drunk,

And in case of accident, GPS system will locate the biker and immediate message will be sent to

family members about the location of accident using GSM module. When the drunk driver wears the

helmet, the alcohol sensor senses the alcohol content, if the alcohol content is above the threshold

level, the buzzer rings and LCD displays that alcohol is detected and ignition of the vehicle will not

start. If there is any accident occurs, the GPS system will track the current location of the rider and

sends the current location to family members through the GSM module.

Objectives:

To avoid road accident due to alcohol consumption.

To detect accidents occurs and notify about accidents.

To provide anti-thefting system for bikes.

Methodology:

The proposed system is an intelligent helmet. The system ensures the safety of the biker, by

making it necessary to wear the Helmet, as per the government guidelines, also to get proper and

prompt medical attention, after meeting with an accident. A module is affixed in the helmet, such that,

the module will sync with the module affixed on the bike. The system will bear following

functionalities:

It will ensure that the password entered by the rideris matching with the saved password. If it

matches it will check for other conditions or if it is not matched then bike won‟t get start.

It will ensure that the rider has worn the helmet. If he fails to do so, the bike won‟t start.

It will also ensure that biker has not consumed alcohol. If the rider is drunk, the bike won‟t

start.

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 93

If any accident happens during the ride it will gather the location information and send a

message to predefined numbers

Fig: Block Diagram of Smart Helmet System

Results and Conclusions:

1. The System will ask to insert the password, if the entered password is correct then it will

checks for the wearing of helmet. If the password entered is wrong, it will display password is

bad.

2. Once the rider enters correct password it will check the wearing of helmet. If the helmet is not

wearied then bike will not start and it will display please wear helmet

3. The alcohol sensor is used detect alcohol content of the riders breath. Once the system detects

the alcohol, then the bike will not start.

4. If all the above conditions are satisfied then the ignition will start

The system also has several advantages compare to the previous systems. Our proposed system

gives the primary importance of preventing the accidents and ensures safety for a greater extent in two

wheelers. Nowadays most accident cases occur due to motor bike. The severities of those accidents are

increased because of the absence of helmet or by the use of alcoholic drinks. By implementing this

system a safe two wheeler journey is possible which would decrease the head injuries throughout

accidents caused due to the absence of helmet and additionally reduce the accident rate due to drunken

driving. A GSM modem is used in this system that will send a message to the predefined numbers that

are programmed using raspberry pi in case of any accident. The GPS module is used here to locate the

rider during the accident.

Scope for Future Work:

The project has a very vast scope in future. The project can be enhanced in future. The project

can be updated in the near future as and when requirement for the same arises, as it is very flexible in

terms of expansion.

In future if there is a large demand of this type of helmets we can manufacture the whole circuit

in printed circuit board, so that circuit becomes smaller and can be easily fitted into helmet.

The circuit can also be powered by solar energy so that it uses green energy and does no harm

to environment.

The flexible solar panels can fixed all along surface of helmet.

*~*~*

94 42nd


5-AXIS CNC MACHINE


College : Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi


Guide : Prof. M.V. Mahendrakar

Students : Mr. Nitin Hubli S

Ms. Vaishnavi Hemannavar

Ms. Sushma Kagalkar

Ms. Akalesh Rajamani

Keywords:

5 Axis, CNC, Milling, Mill-turn, Arduino MEGA, Ramps 1.4, Spindle Module.

Introduction:

The CNC Machining is a process used in manufacturing sector that involves the use of

computers to control machine tools like lathe, mills and grinders. The necessity of using CNC

machining is to manufacture complex curved geometrics in 2D or 3D extremely expensive by

mechanical means. Machining components have high repeatability and precision with unmanned

machining operations. The CNC machines will have movement i.e. either linear or straight line in

motion or rotational. Typically, the X, Y and Z axis are used for linear moments, whereas A and B will

correspond to rotational axis. CNC machines designs will vary greatly. On some styles the part will

move or rotate while the spindle and tool remains stationery, in others the part is stationery and spindle

and tool moves, the third type is mixture of part and spindle moving.

The five-axis machining refers to the ability to feed the tool through the cut using all axes to

smoothly follow a contoured surface. After all, 5-axis were first developed for the aerospace industry

to do just that. In this example of a blade, the rotary axis moves continuously during the cut. One of

the most practical applications is called 3+2 machining. The part is rotated into position before the

start of each cut and then a standard 3-axis tool path is run. This makes the programing easy since

rotary motion only occurs between operations 3+2 machining also allows you to rotate the part into a

position that allows shorter tools to reach deep areas.

This technique is often used in mould making to prevent the problem of tool deflection.

Another practical application is to lock only one of the axis, which is called 4+1 machining. In this, the

B-axis on a mill-turn is tilted and locked into position while still allowing the part to rotate during the

cut. The B-axis spindle is more rigid when used in this configuration. Benefits of 5-axis machining

saving time and money is at the top of the list. Loading a part on the machine only once

saves on part handling because no one has to move the part from machine to machine or from one

fixture to another. It also means that only one part holding for multiple operations.

Objectives:

Accuracy: To build a machine with the fabricated parts with high level precision that is highly

impossible to achieve with conventional hand operated equipment. The machine follows a set of

instructions via a computer program, thus eliminating errors that might otherwise be introduced by a

machine operator.

Increased Productivity: The machine will perform the same task repetitively for extended hours,

saving a lot of time. In a typical industrial setting, machining centres will run nonstop for days once

the work program detailing all necessary parameters has been fed into the CNC computer. Versatility:

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 95

The machine offers its applications in the aeronautical, Automobile and Plastic industries. Their

adaptability stems from their ability to create many types of objects from different materials.

Enhanced Lean Manufacturing: An objective of the machining centre is to enhance lean

manufacturing by significantly reducing the cycle time of processes and increasing flexibility, thereby

improving the overall quality of the work.

Methodology:

Proposed Design

5 Axis CNC Hardware Design

The first step is to define the areas to machine and the areas to avoid. In this picture, the

surfaces in the green area are selected for machining and the red zone indicates the surfaces that will

be avoided.

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The next step is to define the shape of the path the tool will follow on the selected machining

area. This is also called the machining pattern. After the shape of the path is defined, the user can

decide how the tool will be oriented as it travels along that path. The 5-axis machine offers a lot of

flexibility in how to rotate the part or tool.

The last step is to decide how the tool should transition, or link, between each cutting pass.

Links apply to tool movement between cutting passes as well as non-cutting moves that control how

the tool approaches the part at the beginning of the cut and movement between separate machining

zones.

5 Axis CNC Software:

The most important innovative aspect of this project is to develop a specific and original

software. For this aim, a comprehensive literature search was made for the software. Many software

using similar characteristics machine were examined.

The most important job in this stage is to figure out the mathematical model of the drawings on

the computer environment. For this purpose, Autodesk AutoCAD software was examined. The studies

about the DXF files generated by different drawing program have been investigated. After examining

files created in the Numerical Control (NC) environment, a unique software research work was

developed. To determine the accuracy of the software output, many tests were carried out on 3-axis

CNC machine. It was observed that the 3-axis CNC machine working is simultaneously with this

software algorithm. Moreover, the algorithm is verified by controlling NC files. A satisfactory

accuracy for the coordinate‟s axis was obtained in the experiments.

Results and Conclusion:

The 5-axis CNC machine is assembled with required electronics components with rotary

axis A and B to approach the work piece in any direction. The machine uses 5-axis for carving the

work piece and saves the operating time by shortening the process chain. It cuts parts on all sides

as fast and accurate as possible. The machine gives good surface finishing and accurate dimensions.

Therefore, we would like to conclude that the machine provides more accurate cutting, smoother

finishing and faster cutting speed in short spam of time.

Future scope:

In future this 5 axis CNC machine can be built in higher number of axis such as 6 axis and 7

axis CNC machine to improve tool life and surface finish.

*~*~*

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER ON A ROTATING RECEIVER TUBE OF PARABOLIC TROUGH COLLECTOR


College : Rajarajeswari College of Engineering, Bengaluru


Guide : Dr. N. Sreenivasalu Reddy and Dr. Vishwanath K.C.

Students : Mr. Nitish.D. Muttur, Mr. Pramod Mohan Hegde

Mr. Rahul Prakash. S., Mr. Yashawanth S M

Keywords :

Reciver tube, heat exchanger, overall heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt Number, Reynold‟s Number

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 97

Introduction :

A parabolic trough is a type of solar thermal collector that is straight in one dimension and

curved as a parabola in the other two, lined with a polished metal mirror. The sunlight, which enters

the mirror parallel to its plane of symmetry, is focused along the focal line, where objects are

positioned that are intended to be heated.

A tube containing a fluid runs the length of the trough at its focal line. The sunlight is concentrated

on the tube and the fluid heated to a high temperature by the energy of the sunlight. The hot fluid can

be piped to a heat engine, which uses the heat energy to drive machinery, or to generate electricity.

This solar energy collector is the most common and best known type of parabolic trough.

Parabolic through collector is a solar technology for production of electricity in thermal power

plants. The mirrors or the reflective concentrate the solar rays to the receiver tube hence adapting

optical concentration technology. They need to operate under extremely uneven heat flux. High

temperature gradients which may induce high thermal stress due to cyclic weather and cloud transient

cycle conditions may cause breakage of the glass cover or even solar receiver damage.

Fig 5.1 Parabolic Trough Solar Collector System

Due to thermal stress, on absorber tube may cause deflection of absorber tube, and hence result

in breakage of glass tube, which results in increase of heat loss. Fig shows broken glass cover due to

bending of absorber tube

Fig 5.2 broken glass cover due to bending of absorber tube

Objectives:

• Achieving better or improved turbulence.

• Providing high contact surface area between the working fluid and the walls of absorber tube.

• Reduced thermal stress on the receiver tube. And hence reducing the chances of material wear

out.

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Methodology:

Model of the rotating receiver tube : -

Schematic flow diagram The bellow representation shows the process flow or the working mechanism of the project

1) Water inlet storage tank, 2) Thermostat to measure inlet and outlet temperatures

3) Parabolic collector 4) receiver tube (coated)

5) Rotameter 6) Outlet storage tank 7) indicates the rotation of the receiver tube

Measuring out the required parameters the results are tabulated and will be compared with differ

working conditions at different flow rates, different time in a day, for different RPM and such other

parameters.

Data Deduction

Heat absorbed by the cold water in the absorber tube , Qc can be written by

Where mc is the mass flow rate of cold water; Cpw is the specific heat of

water; Tc, in and Tc, out are the inlet and outlet cold-water temperatures, respectively.

Results and conclusion : Table 5.41 Optimum value for heat transfer at continuous flow rate

Time Rpm Mass Flow Rate Kg/S

Inlet Temperature in oc

Outlet Temperature in oc

ΔT in oc

Heat Discharge Q in kw

12:05 0

0.00833 33 46.6 13.6 0.4741103

0.0166 33 45.8 12.8 0.8892288

0.025 33 45 12 1.2555

12:30 1

0.00833 33.4 51.4 18 0.6274989

0.0166 33.4 50.6 17.2 1.1949012

0.025 33.4 50 16.6 1.736775

12:50 2

0.00833 34.9 53.9 19 0.66236

0.0166 34.9 53.2 18.3 1.2713193

0.025 34.9 52.3 17.4 1.820475

01:30 3

0.00833 35 54.8 19.8 0.6902488

0.0166 35 54 19 1.319949

0.025 35 53.2 18.2 1.904175

02:20 4

0.00833 35.6 56.9 21.3 0.7425404

0.0166 35.6 56.4 20.8 1.4449968

0.025 35.6 54.8 19.2 2.0088

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Series : SPP : KSCST : 2018 - 2019 99

Fig 5.41 Optimum value for heat transfer at continuous flow rate

Table 5.42 Average temperature increase for 5 and 10 minutes settling time

ΔT In 0c

RPM 5 Minutes 10 Minutes

0 7.328571 11.7571

1 11.57143 17.2286

2 13.65714 18.8857

3 16.25714 24.4857

Conclusion : From the above obtained results, the data is compared with the no rotating receiver that is with

0 RPM Percentage increase in Heat transfer compared with 0 rpm (in percentage)

1 rpm 2 rpm 3 rpm 4 rpm

0.5 LPM – 24.44% 0.5 LPM – 28.42% 0.5 LPM – 31.31% 0.5 LPM – 36.15%

1.0 LPM – 25.58% 1.0 LPM – 30.05% 1.0 LPM – 32.63% 1.0 LPM – 38.46%

1.5 LPM – 27.71% 1.5 LPM – 31.03% 1.5 LPM – 34.06% 1.5 LPM – 37.50%

Scope for future work From the results and conclusions obtained by this method. Of increasing the thermal efficiency and

reducing thermal stress on the receiver tube of PTC. Can be analysed with coatings on receiver tube.

Can use evacuated glass cover over the receiver tube to increase heat flux. Further studies can include

rotating receiver tube at higher RPM.

*~*~*

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