Mario Simaremare, S.Kom., M.Sc.Program Studi Sarjana Sistem Informasi

Institut Teknologi Del

Abstraction and Solution Modeling

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• The objective of this session is the following:• The students are able to elaborate the importance of

abstracting or modeling solution.

• The students are able to abstract or model solution.

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Objectives

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1. Recap of previous meeting.

2. Refreshing what you have learned so far.

3. Abstraction.

4. Solution modeling.

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Outlines

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Going Back Through Time

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• It is a thought process to develop the best possible solution.• started by understanding the problem,

finished with a precise and sound solution.

• The solution will be carried out by an agent.• Agent could be: me, you, us, or … computer.

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Computational Thinking

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• VUCA world.• Volatility – things a changing.

• Uncertainty – forecasting is no longer that easy.

• Complexity – more to be considered.

• Ambiguity – best practices are fading away.

• Smart people are out there.• But still problem solver is rare to find.

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Why CT becomes important?

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Reference: https://www.vuca-world.org/

• Decomposition.• Divide and conquer.

• Abstraction.• For a better understanding.

• Pattern Recognition.• See if there is a pattern of problem

to find existing proven solution.

• Algorithm.• Define the precise step-by-step

solution.

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Four CT Core Principles

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Decomposition

AbstractionPattern

Recognition

Algorithm

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Abstraction

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• It is a way to express an idea in a specific context while at the same time suppressing details irrelevant in that context.

• Why this stuff is important?• Remember that solution should be available for any kind

of agent. Who’s the agent?

• In a general sense, an abstract model is much understandable compared to the detail and complex structure.

• The solution then translated into structure that is better suited the targeted agent.

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Abstraction: A Definition

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• Jabodetabek’s Commuter Line Routes.

• Unrelated information is completely stripped out.• Schedules, ticket price, etc.

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An Example

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Solution Modeling

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• I am hungry, what I have are the following:• A cooked rice.

• A cooking set.

• A kilo of frozen shrimp.

• Plenty ingredients.

• Solution: having a meal with …• Seafood fried rice? Fried shrimp? Grilled shrimp?

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Consider A Problem

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The Recipe

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1. unfreeze the shrimps.2. prepare the basic ingredients.3. mix the shrimps with the prepared ingredients.4. prepare the fryer with enough oil.5. put a handful of shrimps into the fryer.6. when the shrimps turn to yellow (about after 3 mins), remove them from the fryer and drain them.7. repeat the 5th and 6th steps until no more shrimps left.8. clean things up.9. eating time.

• I am hungry, what I have are the following:• A cooked rice.

• A cooking set.

• A kilo of frozen shrimp chicken.

• Plenty ingredients.

• Solution: having a meal with …• Seafood fried rice? Fried shrimp? Grilled shrimp?

• Chicken fried rice? Fried chicken? Grilled chicken?

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Consider Another Problem

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The Recipe

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1. unfreeze the chicken.2. prepare the basic ingredients.3. mix the chicken with the prepared ingredients.4. prepare the fryer with enough oil.5. put a handful of chicken into the fryer.6. when the chicken turns to yellow (about after 3 mins), remove it from the fryer and drain it.7. repeat the 5th and 6th steps until no more chicken left.8. clean things up.9. eating time.

Do you find any similarity?

• We have seen the solutions for two very similar problem.• The solutions were written in an abstract level.

• CT requires the solution should be able to be carriedout by any type of agent.• Can our two previous solution fulfill the requirement?

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Relate Back to CT

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• Remember, we are going to make the solution as abstract as possible.

• Some sort of notation or modeling is needed for consistent understanding.

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Solution Modeling

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• To model algorithm, it is very common to use:• Formal, pseudocode and flowchart diagram.

• Pseudocode is very close to the actual code.• Translating to code is very easy.

• Flowchart is more visual to understand.• It is visual, very good for beginners.

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Solution Modeling

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For Further Look

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https://youtu.be/ftjY2oQdP5s https://youtu.be/9T9fEyqRD3o

1. Understand the objective of solution modeling.

2. Start model a solution to fix a problem around you!

3. Watch the other two videos (Visual Programming)

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To-dos

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Riley D., Hunt, K. A. (2014). Computational Thinking for the Modern Problem Solver. Chapman and Hall/CRC.

Wassberg, J. (2020). Computer Programming for Absolute Beginners. Packt.

Flowgorithm. http://www.flowgorithm.org/

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References

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Thank

you

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