Gambaran Peran Ganda Perempuan Pedagang Kaki Lima di Jakarta Menurut Teori Gilligan

Dual Roles of Women Street Vendors in Jakarta According to Gilligan Theory

Inez Kristanti, Catherina Kartika Hapsari, Irwan Tanuwijaya, Gregorius Dewandoro Guritno, Marlin Gabriella Rusli, Johanes Haryo Seno, Eunike Sri Tyas Suci

Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

ABSTRAKTuntutan hidup yang makin tinggi di kota Jakarta membuat sejumlah perempuan ikut terjun menjadi pedagang kaki lima. Namun kenyataannya mereka tidak bisa terlepas dari peran utamanya sebagai istri dan ibu. Adanya tuntutan peran ganda di kalangan pedagang kaki lima perlu dikaji lebih lanjut karena menurut Carol Gilligan, perempuan lebih berfokus pada ‘care reasoning’ dalam mempertimbangkan tindakan yang akan dilakukan. Penelitian ini betujuan meninjau peran ganda perempuan pedagang kaki lima lewat kerangka tahap perkembangan moral perempuan dari Gilligan. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini mewawancarai secara mendalam (in-depth interview) pengalaman empat perempuan pedagang kaki lima dalam menjalankan peran gandanya. Keempat partisipan yang terpilih secara purposive mempunyai variasi asal daerah dan status pekerjaan suami. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing partisipan dapat menjalani peran gandanya sebagai pekerja dan ibu rumah tangga dengan baik dibantu oleh orang-orang terdekat mereka. Meskipun demikian, terdapat beberapa perbedaan mengenai cara mereka mengakomodir tuntutan kedua peran dan aspirasi pribadinya. Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh kebudayaan dimana mereka berasal walaupun faktor tekanan ekonomi serta pengalaman hidup partisipan juga berperan. Partisipan dengan tekanan ekonomi yang lebih besar cenderung tidak dapat menjadikan pekerjaannya sebagai aspirasi pribadinya oleh karena keadaan yang terlalu menekan. Mereka cenderung menempati level moral reasoning Gilligan dengan mengorbankan keinginan pribadinya untuk bekerja. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada kajian lebih lanjut mengenai aplikasi dari teori perkembangan moral Gilligan dalam masyarakat yang secara ekonomi tertekan dan terhimpit

ABSTRACTTo make a living in Jakarta become more difficult, force women to work as street vendors. Although in reality, these women also have primary roles as housewife (wife and mother). Dual roles among street vendors need to be studied further because, according to Carol Gilligan, women are more focused on care reasoning in considering the action to be performed. The goal of this study is to review the multiple roles of women street vendors through a framework of stages of women’s moral development by Gilligan. Using a qualitative approach, these study in-depth interviews four women street vendors in performing its dual role. These four participants were selected purposively have variations in origin and the status of husband's job. The results of this study indicate that each participant can lead a double role as workers and housewives properly assisted by the people closest to them. Nevertheless, there are some differences on how they

accommodate the demands of both roles and personal aspirations. This difference is influenced by the culture in which they originated although economic factors as well as the experience of living, pressures participants also play a role. Because of the situations are too pressing, participants with greater economic pressures tend not to make the job as their personal aspirations. They tend to occupy the moral reasoning levels at the expense of their personal desire to work. Therefore, there needs to be further study of the application of Gilligan's theory of moral development in a society that is economically depressed and oppressed.

MARLIN

The struggle to make a living in Jakarta is increasingly difficult, force some women to work as street vendors. On the other hand, these women have their own primary role as housewives (wife and mother). The demands to bear those dual roles need to be studied further as a response to what Carol Gilligan’s theory about women have more focus on ‘care reasoning’ in considering the actions they would perform. The goal of this study is to review the multiple roles of women street vendors by stages of women’s moral development framework by Gilligan. Using a qualitative approach, this study conducted in-depth interviews to four women street vendors in performing its dual roles. These four participants were selected purposively to have variations in origin and their husband’s occupation. The results of this study indicates that each participant can perform the dual roles as workers and housewives properly with the support of the person closest to them. Nevertheless, there are some differences on how they accommodate the demands of both roles and personal aspirations. This differences are influenced by the culture in which they originated although economic factors as well as their living experiences of each participants also have a role. Participants with higher economic pressure tend not to make the job as their personal aspirations. They tend to occupy the moral reasoning levels by putting work before their own desire. Therefore, further study on the implementation of Gilligan's theory about moral development in a society that is economically depressed and oppressed are needed.