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C119 Bacterial

Diseases of Fish

Aquaculture Library

7/17/2019 ac119ill


What are bacterial diseases

of fish?

• Infections may be internal or external

• Treated with feeds containing antibiotics

• Symptoms may include hemorrhagic spots,ulcers, enlarged abdomen, protruding eyes andulcerating skin erosion.

• Bacteria are microscopic, one-celled organisms

haing arious shapes.• Bacteria can be beneficial or pathogenic

!causing disease".

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Bacterial gill disease:

• #ry are most susceptible• Symptoms$ anorectic !not

eating", fish face water

current, gill cells showmarked hyperplasia!increase number of cells"

• #actors$ oercrowding, metabolic waste

products !particularly ammonia", organic matterin the water, increased water temperature• %reention$ &onitor and maintain water 'uality.

U.S. Geological Survey photo.

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Bacterial kidney disease:

• (ffects all salmonids, especially brook trout

• Transmission$

direct contact withcontaminated fish

• Symptoms$

popeyes,distended abdomen, dark skin, hemorrhageat the base of fins, abscesses of muscles.

U.S. Geological Survey photo.

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Bactereia !heorrhagic

se"ticeia#:

• )iterally bacteria in the blood.

• *onfirmed by laboratory culture

• Symptoms$ listless, lethargic, less appetite+ sores or

ulcers, popeyes, enlarged belly, raised scales, redstreaks, reddened area around the anus

• #actors$ warm water during spawning, handling, moing+oercrowding+ low dissoled oxygen content+

malnutrition and disease• %reention$ aoid rough handling and oercrowding,good water 'uality, feed fortified with itamin *

• Treatment$ antibiotics in the diet

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Chilodonelliasis:

• Symptoms$ bright red gills that sometimes bleedwhen touched.

•erified by microscopic examination• #actors$ reduced water 'uality with high leelsof organic matter, crowding, poor nutrition

• %reention$ good water 'uality, ade'uate

amounts of good 'uality feed• Treatment$ formalin and potassium

permanganate

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Colunaris disease or

saddleback disease:

• erified by microscopic examination and laboratoryculture

• Symptoms$ discolored body patches+ sloughed scales+

mouth, barbel and fin erosion+ tail loss+ decayed gillareas• #actors$ mechanical inury from rough handling+

oercrowding+ low dissoled oxygen+ fluctuating watertemperatures+ malnutrition

• %reention$ aoiding rough handling and oercrowding,good water 'uality, feed fortified with itamin *• Treatment$ ater treatments with potassium

permanganate or /i'uat+ oxytetracycline in feed

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Colunaris disease or

saddleback disease:

• %hoto showing the disease

National Fish and Wildlife Service photo.

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$nteric redouth !$%&#:

• 0ccurs in salmonids through *anada and the 1.S.

• /iagnosis by isolation and identifying the bacterium

• Symptoms$ inflammation and erosion of the aws and

palate+ sluggish, dark in color+ reddening in body fat andthe posterior part of the intestine+ stomach filled with acolorless, watery li'uid+ intestine filled with a yellow fluid.

• #actors$ spread through fish moement, aggraated by

stress.• %reention$ aoid by obtaining fish and eggs fromhealthy sources.

• Treatment$ accination or sulfamera2ine

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$nteric se"ticeia of catfish:

• Sometimes called 3hole-in-the-head3 disease. erified by laboratoryculture

• Symptoms$ 3hole-in-the-head3 lesion between the eyes+ pimple-likesores+ fluid accumulation+ bloody-looking internal organs or colored

fluid+ listless, hang tail-down in the water, and swimming rapidly incircles.• #actors$ low dissoled oxygen, high ammonia and nitrite

concentrations, water temperatures between 45 and 67 #• %reention$ good 'uality water, dissoled oxygen, feed with

supplemental itamin *

• Treatment$ antibiotics such as 0xytetracycline in the feed

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'ocardia:

• Seen in a'uarium fish and cultured

salmonids

• #actors$ infection through wounds andabrasions or ingestion of bacteria

• Symptoms$ raised cell masses in the

mouth, aw, gills and skin which eentuallyulcerate

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(tre"tococcus:

• (ffects tilapia, hybrid striped bass and rainbow trout

• &ay be acute blood poisoning or chronic in the centralnerous system

• Symptoms$ 8emmorrhage of fins and skin+ ulcers+lesions in lier, kidney and brain

• #actors$ closed recirculating culture system withoercrowding and high nitrates

• Treatment$ remoe all fish, disinfect and restock• 9oonotic : can be passed from animal to humans

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)lcer disease of goldfish:

• erified by laboratory culture

• Symptoms$ ulcers or lesions progressing to largehemorrhagic !bloody" sores and scale loss

• #actors$ stress associated with handling, transportationand spawning+ aggraated by water temperatures of ;;to 4; # and poor nutrition

• %reention$ collect, handle and transport the broodfish in

winter, use young broodfish, and feed fortified withitamin *

• Treatment$ <one

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*dentifying bacterial diseases:

• Submit a fish to a

laboratory pathologist

• Ideally, samplebacteria from lie fish

• #ish must be dead

less than six hours U.S. Geological Survey photo.

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+reatent:

• (dminister antibiotic, drug or chemical

• %ossible methods$

• Brief flush

• %rolonged bath

• #eeding

• Inection

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This presentation was produced and is copyrighted by Stewart- Peterson®, Inc. 2006. Permission is granted

for use by actie !g"d#et.com® subscribers. !$$ other use is prohibited.

ST"%!&T P"T"&S'# and !(")#"T *'+ are registered trademars of Stewart Peterson Inc

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