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Academic Coaches Conference
A Program of the Indiana Association of School Principals
Senior ScienceBiology
Biology & Earth Science Outline
I. Indiana Dunes
("The Dunes" is often used colloquially in reference to the entire region
of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana Dunes State Park, and the
surrounding natural areas, preserves, and both recreational and conservation
areas.)
A. Location, Geological History, & Geological & Physical Features
[ From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_age]
The major glacial stages of the current ice age in North America are the
Illinoian, Sangamonian and Wisconsin stages. The use of the Nebraskan,
Afton, Kansan, and Yarmouthian (Yarmouth) stages to subdivide the ice age
in North America have been discontinued by Quaternary geologists and
geomorphologists. These stages have all been merged into the Pre-Illinoian
Stage in the 1980s.]
B. Biological/Ecological Features of the Dunes
1. Some common and Important Organisms
2. Common environmental conditions (climate,
temperature and moisture regimes, etc.)
3. Major or notable ecosystems from beach to uplands
a. dunes
b. interdunal; dune & swale
c. bog/fen
d. marsh
e. savanna
f. Beach/Maple forest
Marram grass Little Bluestem
grass
Pitcher Plant
Cottonwood Lupine American Beech
Jack Pine Karner Blue butterfly Black Oak
Juniper Sand reed grass Sugar Maple
C. Ecological Succession
1. essential terminology used to describe the concepts
2. Recognized "steps" or gradients in the change of a community of organisms
over time
a. pioneer
b. early successional
c. mid-successional
d. late successional
e. “climax” and “climax communities”
Here, we recognize that the modern ecological community has adapted the original meanings of the
concepts and terms originally coined by and promulgated by Cowles, Clements, and other early
ecologists. Even early in the development of the community and climax community concepts, Henry A.
Gleason thought the idea of a climax community with a specific association of organisms (specifically
plants) to be too simplistic and suggested that such succession to a stable community was individualistic
to species and might be more random than indicated in the use of a “climax community” description. We
do not ignore Gleason—and those that accepted his critique later in the 20th century— but merely
acknowledge the work of the earliest ecologists and accept some of the more fundamental (and perhaps
simplistic) approaches to identifying the process and progress of ecological succession.
3. role of “disturbance” in ecological succession
4. community stability and biodiversity
II. Caves of Indiana: Limestone, Karst Geology, and Caves
A. Limestone: Geology and basic chemistry of limestone deposits and limestone--with special
reference to Indiana limestone.
1. formed from ancient coral reefs when Indiana was inundated with a warm, generally shallow,
marine environment. During tectonic plate movement or the continent, Indiana was then located on an arc
between where the Bahamas and the SE Caribbean are today and the long axis of the state would have
been largely oriented Northeast or East-Northeast to the pole as compared to our North to South
orientation today.
a. corals require warm shallow seas with only gentle motion to sustain growth over a long period of
time.
b. Ancient coral reefs, including some that go back over 400 million years, have been found in
Indiana near Delphi, Bedford (known for high quality limestone for construction) in the region surrounding
Lake Monroe (Bloomington), and near Jeffersonville along the Ohio River (see: Falls of the Ohio State
Park).
c. Fossils from these ancient reefs and shallow seabeds are highly sought and are found in
museums and private collections all over the world. A handful of groups of organisms are (relatively)
common, are particularly wide spread and have often been used as indicators of geologic time periods:
i. crinoids
ii. corals (main reef [& limestone] builders)
a. solitary horn corals
b. colonial corals
iii. bryozoans
iii. brachiopods
iv. other groups may be less prevalent or located in isolated areas; such as nautiloids,
trilobites, and so on
B. Karst Geology & Topography
1. locations and general geologic features of Karst
topography
Karst features are found in a several
places throughout the world. In Indiana, they are found
in the Southern 1/2 of the state.
a. Mitchell Plain
b. Muscatatuk Plain
2. Karst features are found where there is extensive
underlayment of limestone that developed from shallow
inland seas that supported massive coral reefs.
3. Lost River system - location, main features
C. Caves of Indiana
1. Caves in Indiana are found predominantly in Limestone areas
a. Karst geology common
b. secondarily in dolostone
2. Cave formation — fundamentals of how caves form in limestone
3. Formations and features within Indiana caves (explore terminology)
a. stalagmites & stalactites
b. curtains
c. soda straws
d. crystalline features
e. essential cave & speleological terminology
4. Cave biota and their adaptations
a. classification by where in the cave systems they live (see cave terms sites)
b. Blind cavefish
i. Hoosier Blind Cavefish
ii. Northern Blind Cavefish
c. Cave Crayfish
d. Salamanders
5. Notable or famous Indiana caves
a. Marengo
b. Wyandotte
c. Squire Boone
d. Caves of McCormick’s Creek State Park
III. Notable scientists related to the Dunes, Caves, and Flora
& Fauna of Indiana and their major contributions
A. David Starr Jordan - Ichthyology, Taxonomy & Natural
History of Indiana biota
B. Carl H. Eigenmann - Cave Biota
C. Henry C. Cowles - Ecology of The Dunes, Ecology. While Cowles lived in Illinois and did his studies out of the University of Chicago
(just a short distance across the southern tip of Lake Michigan), his work in the
ecological systems within the Dunes was instrumental in this area acquiring the
acclaim that is has enjoyed and also is a major milestone in the timeline of
knowledge about ecology, in general, and specifically in the concept of
ecological succession and biodiversity.
D. Richard Owen - Geology & Geological Survey (USGS)
E. George Damon Fuller - Dune Ecology & Biota
Academic Coaches Conference
A Program of the Indiana Association of School Principals
Senior ScienceChemistry
Hoosier Heritage
II. Chemistry – 33%
A. Steel-making, Electro-chemistry,
and Redox
B. Organic Chemistry
Hoosier Heritage
Steelmaking, electro chemistry and redox sections
●Determining oxidation numbers
● Identifying redox reactions
● Identifying what is reduced and what is oxidized in a reaction
● Identifying oxidizing agent and reducing agent
● Calculating cell potentials from table of half-reactions
● Interpreting table of reduction potentials to determine which reaction will proceed
● Differences between voltaic and electrolytic cells
● Construction of cells ( electrolytic and voltaic)
● Use and purpose of salt bridges
● Conventional representations of cell (anode, cathode reactions)
● Will NOT have to balance redox reactions!
● Steel making terms
● Impurities in steel to strengthen it
● Percentage composition of various types of iron ores
● Hardening and tempering of steels—purpose and process
● THERE IS NOT ANYTHING ON BLAST FURNACES because technology changes so
quickly.
Hoosier Heritage
Organic chemistry section
● Polymer chemistry—simple addition polymers
● Hydrocarbon families—alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
(general formula)
● Naming simple compounds (through 8 carbon atoms)
● Cis-trans isomer possibilities for hydrocarbons
● Organic functional groups ( alcohols-primary and
secondary, ketones, aldehydes, ethers, carboxylic acids)
● How oxidation or reduction can change one organic
functional group into another
● Thermoset versus thermoplastic polymers—which used in
race car bodies and why
Hoosier Heritage
REFERENCES:
College prep chemistry text books
AP Chemistry text books and college text books
For steel making there are many generic sites on the internet
available for review or study. Suggest assigning various
students the job of reviewing them for the group.
For thermoset vs thermoplastic polymers an internet search
can provide difference in terms.
1. 40 sec
A voltaic cell contains a strip of Zn metal in a solution of zinc ions
in one half-cell. The other half-cell contains a strip of tin metal in a
solution of tin ions. When this cell operates, the cell potential is
_______.
A. -0.62 V
B. +0.62 V
C. -0.90 V
D. +0.90 V
Half-cell reaction Standard reduction
potential, Eo (in volts)
Au3+ + 3e- Au +1.50
Cu2+ + 2e- Cu +0.34
Fe2+ + 2e- Fe - 0.41
Sn2+ + 2e-Sn - 0.14
Zn 2+ + 2e-Zn -0.76
Mg2+ + 2e-Mg -2.37
1. 40 sec
A voltaic cell contains a strip of Zn metal in a solution of zinc ions
in one half-cell. The other half-cell contains a strip of tin metal in a
solution of tin ions. When this cell operates, the cell potential is
_______.
A. -0.62 V
B. +0.62 V
C. -0.90 V
D. +0.90 V
Half-cell reaction Standard reduction
potential, Eo (in volts)
Au3+ + 3e- Au +1.50
Cu2+ + 2e- Cu +0.34
Fe2+ + 2e- Fe - 0.41
Sn2+ + 2e-Sn - 0.14
Zn 2+ + 2e-Zn -0.76
Mg2+ + 2e-Mg -2.37
2.
In which of the following species does
chromium have the same oxidation as in
Cr2O42-?
A. Cr2(O2CCH3)4
B. Cr (CO)6
C. Cr2O3
D. Cr2O72-
2.
In which of the following species does
chromium have the same oxidation as in
Cr2O42-?
C. Cr2O3
3
Which statement is true for a voltaic cell?
A. Oxidation occurs at the anode
B. Reduction occurs at the anode
C. Both oxidation and reduction can occur
at the anode
D. Neither oxidation nor reduction can
occur at the anode.
3
Which statement is true for a voltaic cell?
A. Oxidation occurs at the anode
4
Any degree of hardness of steel may be
obtained by which process?
A. Quenching
B. Tempering
C. Nitriding
D. Cladding
4
Any degree of hardness of steel may be
obtained by which process?
B. Tempering
5
Which of the following compounds
has no multiple bonds?
A. C2H2
B. C2H4
C. C2H6
D. C3H6
5
Which of the following compounds
has no multiple bonds?
C. C2H6
6
Which is true about the type of plastics used
in car bodies to decrease the weight of the
car?
A. They are thermoset plastics
B. They have cross-linked polymers
C. The curing process is completely
reversible.
D. They can be recycled
6
Which is true about the type of plastics used
in car bodies to decrease the weight of the
car?
C. The curing process is completely
reversible.
7
Which alcohol contains the greatest number
of carbon atoms?
A. Propanol
B. Glycerol
C. Butanol
D. Ethylene glycol
7
Which alcohol contains the greatest number
of carbon atoms?
C. Butanol
Academic Coaches Conference
A Program of the Indiana Association of School Principals
Senior SciencePhysics
III. Physics
A. Physics of Flight
1. Nature of the four forces acting on a
plane
(Weight, Lift, Drag, Thrust)
2. Controlling the elements of a plane
(Aileron, Elevator, Flap, Rudder)
B. Indianapolis 500
1. Kinematics: Velocity, Speed,
Acceleration, Distance travelled
2. Forces acting on an IndyCar,
especially in a turn
3. SAFER Barrier – Impulse,
Momentum, Kinetic Energy
References:
Standard physics textbooks
http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/airplanes4.htm
http://www.racingmadesafer.com/#/how-it-works
http://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/a6352/how-to-take-turn-one-at-
the-indy-500/
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mechanics/carbank.html
