Academic Writing

Uses standard academic English

Uses conventional patterns of organization

Shows logical relationships between ideas

States claims explicitly

Puts ideas in context of existing knowledge/claims

Follows conventions for citing sources

Academic Writing

Uses standard academic English

Uses conventional patterns of organization

Shows logical relationships between ideas

States claims explicitly

Puts ideas in context of existing knowledge/claims

Follows conventions for citing sources

Academic Writing

Uses standard academic English

Uses conventional patterns of organization

Cause/Effect – Describe event, then show effect OR describe event, then show cause.Classification – Break something into parts and describe or define each part.Comparison/Contrast – Show what something is similar to and different from.Definition – Show what something is and isn’t.Example – Illustrate some using lots of examples of it.Narration – Tell a story to make a point.Process Analysis – Explain how something works.

Claims & Evidence: Showing Connections

Raising taxes doesn’t hurt the economy.

Clinton raised taxes, yet the economy grew.

If economic growth followed a tax hike, then a tax hike can be good for the economy.

Further, the Bush tax cuts were followed by a slump.

Hence, raising taxes can help the economy and cutting taxes can hurt the economy.

What year(s)? How much?

Could other factors account for the growth?

Could other factors account for the slump?

“Can” doesn’t necessarily mean “will.”

How much?

Explain connection between pieces of evidence

Claims & Evidence: Showing Connections

Eating in the mess hall is not healthy.

The USDA recommends X calories per day for teens.

The mess provides only Y calories per day.

The mess hall fails to provide enough calories per day to maintain good health.

Hence, eating in the mess hall results in getting too few calories per day, so eating there is unhealthy.

Claim

Evidence 1

Evidence 2

Connect evidence to claim

Show connection another way, just to be sure

Activities that happen before you put something

on page or screen

Act of putting something on page

or screen

Activities that happen after you put something

on page or screen

PREWRITE DRAFTREWRITE

&PUBLISH

observing,collecting,listening,thinking,reading,talking,

researching,doodling, drawing,

freewriting,etc.

writing,typing,texting,drawing,speaking,

etc

adding, deleting,reading, listening, moving, fixing,

tweaking,changing,

conforming,organizing, polishing, letting go

Subject

Text

Writer

CONTEXT

Reader

Next paper: Analysis

Preview Ch. 9 if you like;We’ll discuss it next week.

For now, look closely at Ch. 29 (writing good sentences).