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Accelerated Landfill Energy Recover Technology. Dr. Te-Yang Soong, PhD, PE CTI and Associates, Inc. Wixom, Michigan. Outline. Background Example Project Demonstrated Benefits Hypothetical Project at Army Installations Conclusion. Outline. Background Example Project - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Accelerated Landfill Energy Recover Technology
Dr. Te-Yang Soong, PhD, PECTI and Associates, Inc.
Wixom, Michigan
• Background• Example Project• Demonstrated Benefits• Hypothetical Project at Army Installations• Conclusion
Outline
• Background• Example Project• Demonstrated Benefits• Hypothetical Project at Army Installations• Conclusion
Outline
4
Background
• Landfill gas (50% CO2 and 50% CH4) is created as Municipal solid waste (MSW) decomposes in a landfill
• MSW landfills are responsible for 17% of human-related CH4 emissions in the U.S.
• At the same time, CH4 emissions from landfills represent a lost opportunity to capture and use as a significant energy resource
3-4-12 XD Report
5
Basic Chemistry
3-4-12 XD Report
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
6
Concerns
• It takes decades (even centuries) for waste to decompose in traditional landfills (“dry tombs”)
• Extensive monitoring / maintenance is required• Long-term liability and financial burden• A concern to today’s operators and a problem to
future generations• Bioreactor landfills – A modern-day solution
3-4-12 XD Report
Fall 1990
Fall 1998
8 years in a “dry tomb” landfill
Wastes in dry tombs…
8
Long-Term Liability (e.g., cover failure)
3-4-12 XD Report
• Optimizing moisture and other environmental conditions to stimulate waste decomposition
• Organic wastes in landfills can be rapidly degraded/ made less hazardous
• Landfill gas can be generated rapidly – more feasible as a renewable energy source
• Waste volume can also be reduced more rapidly – offering landfill extended service life
Bioreactor Landfills
Bioreactor Landfills
• Using septage as an augmentation agent • Why septage?
– Readily available in many communities– Typically unwelcomed by WWTP– Land application leads to surface water contamination– Promotes organic decomposition through
• Moisture addition• Microbial seed addition• Nutrient addition• pH regulation
Septage Bioreactor Landfills
• Background• Example Project• Demonstrated Benefits• Hypothetical Project at Army Installations• Conclusion
Outline
Septagereceiving
Sept
age
Bio
reac
tor
Septage Receiving
ProcessingOdor control
Underground holding
Unloading
Septage Processing
Flowmeter
Solid Removal
Grinder
Rock Trap
Septage Processing
Solid
Liquid
Septagereceiving
Septagestorage
Sept
age
Bio
reac
tor
Septage Transmission
Separation / Storage
Sludge Storage
Liquid Storage
Septage Holding Tank Winterization
Insulation tarps
Heating blankets
Septagereceiving
Septagestorage
Sept
age
Bio
reac
tor
Septage Injection Manifold
Septage Injection Lines
Landfill Gas Collection
Gas Extraction Manifold
• Background• Example Project• Demonstrated Benefits• Hypothetical Project at Army Installations• Conclusion
Outline
Extended Site Life
Conventional Landfill
Septage Bioreactor
2010201520202025203020352040204520502055
Delay of closure cost ( $34M) by 6 years!
Increased LFG Production
Jan-0
8
Mar-0
8
Jun-0
8
Sep-08
Dec-08
Mar-0
9
Jun-0
9
Sep-09
Dec-0
9
Mar-1
0
Jun-1
0
Sep-10
Dec-1
0
Mar-1
1
Jun-1
10
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
Gas
Flo
wra
te (
scfm
)
SeptageBioreactor
Cell
Entire Landfill
8% of total waste is producing nearly 40% of total LFG!
LFG-to-Electricity Engine Room
Measured Parameters
TraditionalLandfill
Septage Bioreactor
LFG generation rate 100% 750%
Time for complete decomposition 75 yrs 10 yrs
Accelerated Stabilization
Measured Parameters
TraditionalLandfill
Septage Bioreactor
LFG generation rate 100% 750%
Time for complete decomposition 75 yrs 10 yrs
Accelerated Stabilization
• Background• Example Project• Demonstrated Benefits• Hypothetical Project at Army Installations• Conclusion
Outline
Waste Volume Municipal solid waste (MSW) 200,000 cubic yards/yearOrganic wastes (food waste, cardboards, yard trimming, etc.) 20,000 cubic yards/year
Septage 1,500,000 gallons/year
Projected Output Power generation 4.0 MW Electricity revenue (annual) > $2,000,000 /yearMatured compost 20,000 cubic yards/year
Equivalent Environmental Benefits Annual removal of GHG* emissions 32,000 passenger vehicles Annual removal of CO2 emissions 20,000,000 gallons of gasoline
* GHG = Greenhouse Gas
Hypothetical Project (20-year)
Waste Volume Municipal solid waste (MSW) 200,000 cubic yards/yearOrganic wastes (food waste, cardboards, yard trimming, etc.) 20,000 cubic yards/year
Septage 1,500,000 gallons/year
Projected Output Power generation 4.0 MW Electricity revenue (annual) > $2,000,000 /yearMatured compost 20,000 cubic yards/year
Equivalent Environmental Benefits Annual removal of GHG* emissions 32,000 passenger vehicles Annual removal of CO2 emissions 20,000,000 gallons of gasoline
* GHG = Greenhouse Gas
Hypothetical Project (20-year)
Waste Volume Municipal solid waste (MSW) 200,000 cubic yards/yearOrganic wastes (food waste, cardboards, yard trimming, etc.) 20,000 cubic yards/year
Septage 1,500,000 gallons/year
Projected Output Power generation 4.0 MW Electricity revenue (annual) > $2,000,000 /yearMatured compost 20,000 cubic yards/year
Equivalent Environmental Benefits Annual removal of GHG* emissions 32,000 passenger vehicles Annual removal of CO2 emissions 20,000,000 gallons of gasoline
* GHG = Greenhouse Gas
Hypothetical Project (20-year)
• Municipalities have access to low interest rate (2.5%) State Revolving Fund (SRF) loans to complete drinking/ wastewater improvement projects.
• The CWSRF typically don’t fund a landfill project. However, since the septage bioreactor landfill project will eliminate run-off due to land application of septage and reduce the need to treat septage at local wastewater treatment facilities, funding can be granted.
Teaming / Funding Outlook
• Partnering municipalities can implement similar projects to provide solutions for ongoing groundwater contamination issues, help increase site life, or generate additional renewable energy production.
• Since payback on the loan is over 20 years, municipalities are offered a way to generate additional cash flow through renewable energy sales, and fund the capital expense over time – a win-win situation.
Teaming / Funding Outlook
• Background• Example Project• Demonstrated Benefits• Hypothetical Project at Army Installations• Conclusion
Outline
Conclusion
Renewable energy source Clean water, clean air and land preservation Revenue via LFG, septage, volume recovery and
cost avoidance Key operations are field-verified Sustainable / economical technology ready to be
transferred
Te-Yang Soong, PhD, PECTI and Associates, Inc.
Thank You!
