Access to electronic scientific information and competitiveness of Persian Gulf countries

June 2007

the importance of scholarly information in the research process

2

What we need in the next Step … (Content)

DatabaseDatabase

JournalsJournalsBooksBooks

Content

Collection Development

3

What we need in the next Step … (Collection Development)

DatabaseDatabase

BackfilesBackfiles

JournalsJournals

Historical BackfilesHistorical BackfilesBooksBooks

Back VolumesBack Volumes

Collection Development

Purchase Model

4

What we need in the next Step … (Budget)

UniversityUniversity

BudgetBudget

ConsortiumConsortium

BudgetBudget

National & National & InternationalInternational

BudgetBudget

Budget

5

What we need in the next Step … (Tools & Support)

TechnologyTechnology

TrainingTrainingServicesServices

Technical Technical SupportSupport

Tools & Service

6

What we need in the next Step … (Key Person)

Dr. Eduard Cohen

graduation from the University of Leiden in Pharmachology His passion is to help emerging Countries Bridge the gap with the

developed countries When in 2001 Elsevier introduced ScienceDirect to Iranian universities,

and Elsevier hosted the Elsevier Journals in Iran on Rose-Net, it was the time that Eduard was been responsible for Europe, Middle East and Africa

“We are very pleased that Iran has entered into an agreement with ScienceDirect. Our activities in the Middle East will provide invaluable feedback so that we can further enhance services and functionalities, such as better searching and measuring techniques, for users of ScienceDirect.”

Director, A&G International Markets Middle East, Africa, CIS Latin America China India, Pakistan, Afghanistan Russia Eastern Europe

7

Introduction

Dissemination, by scientific publishers, of high quality scientific output across the globe is a crucial part of research

In recent years the move from paper to electronic content delivery has drastically changed researchers time-spending

Researchers are able to spend significantly less time on searching for relevant content and at the same time have access to a wider range of content

At the same time the increase of usage clearly positively affects the quantity and quality of scientific output

Comparing macro-economic and demographic data with the uptake of usage and scientific output enables decision-makers to analyze the productivity and efficiency of their investments

Elsevier has invested heavily in the increase of productivity and efficiency of researchers all over the world through the ScienceDirect platform, Scopus and many other highly specialized products

Introduction

8

Elsevier is the leading STM journal publisher in Iran with a 34% market share, 10% higher than the world average

Source:Thomson Scientific (ISI)

Elsevier34%

Springer8%

Taylor & Francis Informa

7%

Wiley6%

Others41%

Blackwell4%

Market Share of Articles published in Iran (2005)

Elsevier24%

Others54%

Springer8%

Blackwell6%Wiley

5%

American Chemical Society

3%

Market Share of Articles published in the World (2005)

9

The High Performance Research Engine compares to running a marathon

Assets/ Assets/ LaboratoriesLaboratories

Access to Access to ContentContent

Resources/ Resources/ ResearchersResearchers

High Performance

ResearchEngine

The training and Physical The training and Physical fitness of the athletefitness of the athlete

(Indicated by demographic data)

A good position A good position at the startat the start

(Research performance indicators)

The Quality of The Quality of your shoesyour shoes

(Elsevier provides high quality access)

Macro-economics of the Gulf [PERSIAN]

11

The training and physical fitness of the athlete

Paul standing next to the board that confirms his world record time of 2 hours 4 minutes and 55 seconds, set when winning the 2003 Berlin Marathon

Paul TergatBorn: 17-06-1969Nat.: Kenyan

12

Economic growth in the region is comparable, in terms of GDP/Capita Iran is on par with Turkey

Country Iran Egypt Turkey Spain UK US

Population x Mio 67 79 70 40 61 298

Population Growth Rate 1.1 % 1.75 % 1.1 % 0.13 % 0.28 % 0.91 %

GDP (PPP) x Mio $ 610,400 $ 328,100 $ 627,200 $ 1,070,000 $ 1,818,000 $ 12,310,000

GDP/Capita $ 8,900 $ 4,200 $ 8,900 $ 27,000 $ 30,100 $ 41,600

GDP Real Growth Rate 5.0 % 5.7 % 5.2 % 3.6 % 1.9 % 3.2 %

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

15.8 % 6.5 % 9.8 % 3.5 % 2.1 % 3.2 %

Source: CIA World Book of Facts 2007

13

The R&D spend per researcher for Iran is much lower than in Turkey which in turn is comparable to Spain and the UK

Country Iran Egypt Turkey Spain UK US

Internet Users x Mio 7,5 5,0 16,0 19,2 37,6 207,2

R&D Spending x Mio $ 4,273 $ 656 $ 4,390 $ 11,770 $ 34,360 $ 332,370

R&D Spending as % of GDP 0.7 % 0.2 % 0.7 % 1.1 % 1.9 % 2.7 %

R&D Spending per Capita $ 63 $ 8 $ 66 $ 294 $ 563 $ 1,115

Researchers per Mio Inhabitants 1,279 493 341 2,195 2,706 4,605

# of Researchers x Thousands 86 39 24 88 165 1,372

R&D Spend per Researcher $ 49,686 $ 16,830 $ 182,917 $ 134,054 $ 208,240 $ 242,250

Source: Unesco, Internetworldstats.com, http://www.pogar.org

14

The per capita R&D spend is significantly below the UK figures

All values are against GDP(PPP)

Iran, Egypt, Turkey and Spain can significantly increase their performance in R&D by increasing their investment per Capita to the UK-GDP/Capita ratio

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Iran Egypt Turkey Spain UK

2006 – R&D-spend/Capita

9.0 X 8.6 X 1.9 X

$

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Iran Egypt Turkey Sapin UK

2006 – GDP/Capita

3.4 X 3.4 X 1.1 X

$

7.2 X 70.8 X

15

Iran is well positioned to become a major player on the worldwide R&D market

Iran has the highest number of researcher per million inhabitants, more than double the number in Egypt

Turkey’s R&D spend per researcher is four times as high as that of Iran and is even approaching the spend in the UK, Egypt is lagging behind

With 11% Internet usage penetration is higher than in Egypt (6%) but much lower than the UK’s 63%, Turkey has the a highest penetration in the region with 23%

Comparing R&D spend level ratio’s to GDP-ratio’s with the UK shows significant room to stimulate growth of R&D-investments

http://wwwdubaimarathon.org

comparing countries research performance

17

To win a marathon a good position at the start is crucial

Iran

UKUS

Turkey

Spain

Egypt

18

International rankings still show a huge lead for UK and US universities

0

1

24

54

0

9

40

168

0

0

0

2

050100150200

Egypt

Iran

Turkey

Spain

UK

US

# of Universities in theTimes top 200

# of Universities in theShanghai Jiao TongUniversity top 500

0

1

55

1

43

167

29

0

0

9

0

0

0 50 100 150 200

Egypt

Iran

Turkey

Spain

UK

US

Iran

Egypt

Turkey

Spain

UK

US

2005 2006

Hacettepe and Istanbul University shared the

401-500th place in 2005, in 2006 they didn’t

make the listing

Cairo University makes it’s appearance on the shared 401-500th place

in 2006

19

Times top 200 and Shanghai top 500 ranking criteria

Times top 200 Shanghai top 500

weight measurement weight Measurement

40%Peer review by asking academics to name 30 top institutes in their field of interest

10% # of alumni wining Nobel Prizes and Field Medals

10% Opinion of international graduate recruiters 20% # of staff wining Nobel Prizes and Field

Medals

20% Staff-to-student ratio 20% # of highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject fields

20% # citations (from ISI) divided by # of staff 20% # of articles published in Nature and Science

5% % of overseas staff 20%# of articles in Science Citation Index-expanded and Social Science Citation Index

5% % of overseas students 10% The total scores of the above five indicators divided by the # of staff

20

Iran’s share in world articles* is small but growing, UK and US shares are slightly declining

2.3%

7.6%

26.1%

2.6%

7.4%

24.9%

0.6%0.2%0.1%1.2%

0.3%0.4%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

Iran Egypt Turkey Spain UK US

'96-'02

'03-'05

Average share of articles published worldwide• The Gulf region

contributes only a small amount of articles to the worldwide scientific community

• Article-output growth in the Gulf region is higher than in the UK/US

• The UK and US contribute 32.3% of world articles but represent only 5.5% of the world population

* Indexed on Scopus

21

The quality of your shoes

Source: www.basf.com

22

To win in R&D, Elsevier provides the best equipment

23

In 2005 over 65% of all Full-text Electronic articles In the ANKOS consortium (Turkey) were downloaded over Science Direct

2005 Market share in Electronic full text article downloads

Through the Science Direct platform, Elsevier delivered over 5 million Full Text Articles to Turkish scientists, 10 times more than the second publisher, Blackwell

Source: ANKOS Serials; Paterns of E-Journal Use within the Anatolian University Library Consortium; B. Karasözen, A. Kaygusuz, H. Özen

24

The rapid increasing usage of SD explains the sharp increase in the number of articles published per million inhabitants

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

# ar

ticl

es p

ub

lish

ed /

Mio

in

hab

itan

ts

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

FT

A d

ow

nlo

ads

/ M

io I

nh

abit

ants

Turkey Articles Published Spain Articles Published Turkey SD Usage Spain SD Usage

4 %

12 %

13 %

18 %

Average growth per year (%)

25

Iran has good SD usage resulting in an accelerated increase in article output

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

# ar

ticl

es p

ub

lish

ed /

Mio

in

hab

itan

ts

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

FT

A d

ow

nlo

ads

/ M

io I

nh

abit

ants

Turkey Articles Published Iran Articles Published Egypt Articles Published

Turkey SD Usage Iran SD Usage Egypt SD Usage

2 %

13 %

18 %

Average growth per year (%)

22 %

39 %

10 %

26

In terms of Quality a big gap exists to the world-average impact

Source: Thompson Scientific (ISI, academic relations)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Rel

ativ

e Im

pact

(Wor

ld A

vera

ge =

1.0

)

Turkey Iran Egypt Spain

• The quality of articles published by Iran have been decreasing since a 1999 high of 0.6

• Despite Turkey’s high output-levels the quality of articles published appears to be decreasing

27

Intermediate Backfiles, content published from 1996 up to 2003

Backfiles, content published from before 1996 back to volume 1 issue 1

The Freedom Collection is only the start to close the content-gap, Intermediate Backfiles and Backfiles can close the gap completely

1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

UK University,

Cumulative (paper-) Journal content in the

libraries

Iran University,

Cumulative (paper-) Journal content in the

libraries

The (paper-) Journal content gap can now be

closed by investing in the electronic Backfile

packages

Current subscriptions + Freedom Collection going back to 2003

28

Example of Usage Statistics

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

Jan-06

Feb-06

Mar-06

Apr-06

May-06

Jun-06

Jul-06

Aug-06

Sep-06

Oct-06

Nov-06

Dec-06

Jan-07

Feb-07

Mar-07

Apr-07

FTA

Total Downloads 2006 =

1,383,990

FTA: Full Text Article

29

Usage Jan – April 2007

1,072,427

Collection of Freedom Collection + SCOPUS + Back Files = BOOMING in Usage

30

Science Journals (print and online)

Science & Technology

Books (print and online)Databases and software

Elsevier position: #1

Leading scientific publisher1,800+ journals7 million articles available on ScienceDirect

Nursing and Health Professionals

Journals and Pharma Communications

International

Health Sciences

Clinical Reference and Medicine

Elsevier position: #1

Leading medical publisher8,000+ medical textbooks and reference works

S&T in Elsevier portfolio

31

…..and is a global player providing high quality content to more than 180 countries

NorthAmerica

Europe

Rest ofWorld

Asia Pacific

2005 revenue per region

7,000+ employees, 77 offices in 24 countries Sales in 180+ countries Serving 30 million+ scientists, students, health and information professionals 2,000 journals and 1,900 new books each year

32

Elsevier is the largest S&T publisher, with a diversified portfolio

Scientific research articles published 2005

1 million+ English language research articles published globally in 2005

Learned Societies

Other Commercial University Presses

Other

Springer

Blackwell

Wiley

Informa

Elsevier

Our scientific disciplines 2005

250,000+ English language research articles published with Elsevier in 2005

Physics

Mathematics &Computer Science

Social SciencesEarth Sciences

Environmental Science

Life Sciences

Materials Science & Engineering

Chemistry& ChemicalEngineering

33

Government Research Establishments

Corporate Research Labs

Individual Researchers

Academic Research Institutions

Elsevier’s customers include the world’s leading research and academic institutions

45%

18%

32%

5%

34

Solicit and manage

submissionsManage

peer review

Production

Publish and disseminate

Edit and prepare

Archive and promote

• 1,000 new editors per year• 18 new journals per year • 500,000+ article submissions per year

• 200,000 referees• 1 million referee reports per year

• 7,000 editors• 70,000 editorial board members

• 6.5 million author/publisher communications per year

• 250,000 new articles produced per year• 180 years of back issues scanned, processed and data-tagged

• 10 million researchers

• 4,500+ institutions

• 180+ countries• 240 million+ downloads per year

• 2.5 million print pages per year

• 7 million articles now available

• Organise editorial boards• Launch new specialist

journals

• 40%-90% of articles rejected

Journal publishing volume

35

Solicit and manage

submissionsManage

peer review

Production

Publish and disseminate

Edit and prepare

Archive and promote

• Organise editorial boards• Launch new specialist

journals

Author Gateway and Elsevier Editorial

Systems$15 million

eJournal BackfileseReference Works

$40 million

Production Tracking System$5 million

ScienceDirect ScopusScirus

eNewsletters and alerts

>$200 million

Journal publishing investments

Estimated cumulative investment since 2000

Electronic Warehouse$15 million

36

Current status of ‘the’ Digital Library in Iran

• move to e-only was an important step forward • good variety of current full text content available but still important titles are missing (based on Elsevier titles)• depth is missing (back files) • Scopus ,which may be used as first point of entry or ‘portal’ is lacking for many members• true tools to navigate optimally are not implemented yet: e.g.; direct links from a search hit list to the full text paper is not in place• specialised dbases in engineering , life sciences etc. could be added

37

Gains by moving to the ‘ideal’ Digital Library in Iran

• depth is missing (back files): UP TO 30% OF INCREASED USAGE IS EXPECTED BY INVESTMENTS IN BACK FILES • true navigational tools, a large bibliographic dbase, which may be used as first point of entry or ‘portal’ is lacking: RESEARCH SHOWS THAT UP TO 40% OF THE MATERIALS ACTUALLY CANNOT BE FOUND, DUE TO THE LACK OF INTEGRATION… whereas they are available (in the library)! • true tools to navigate optimally are not implemented yet: such as; direct links from a search hit list or navigational tool to the full text paper is not in place: RESEARCH SHOWS THAT 40% OF THE USERS QUIT AT EVERY CLICK!• specialised dbases in engineering, life sciences etc. can be acquired: INDEXED AND STRUCTURED DBASES INCREASE RESEARCH EFFICIENCY BY STRONGLY REDUCING TIME SPEND ON SEARCHING AND BROWSING

38

Long Term Plan

Sign a multi year license for immediate access and pay the fees in 3 years

Medical Collection for all MOH members

Clinics on SD, Cell Press, UTL Banned Titles

Intermediate Backfiles for all universities

Selected Backfile packages for all institutes

Scopus for the whole members of MOH

Appropriate eBooks collections for MOH members

39

What about Budget and Funds?

The universities could not afford such budget by themselves , MOH should allocate separate budget for all institutes

Both MOH and universities should look for sponsorship , local or global … a Institute of Science receives 17 percent of its annual $180

million budget from donations. Can wealthy Iranians rival their counterparts in their support of research?...

Do Iranian universities profit from private funding or foundations?

40

Summary key-challenges for Iran R&D

Create more awareness at Governmental bodies to realise higher R&D spending

In general library budget growth is not in line with GDP growth

Turkey and Iran have rapidly increased their SD-usage, Egypt is lagging hampering article-output growth

Compared to Spain SD-usage in the region still shows plenty of room for growth allowing for even greater article-output growth

Closing the content-gap to UK universities by increasing the amount of content in the libraries by adding backfile packages

Thank you for your attention!