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Experimental Uncertainty & Data Analysis Accuracy, Precision & Significant Figures Ms. Donis Chemistry 1 Honors

Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

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Page 1: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Experimental Uncertainty & Data Analysis Accuracy, Precision & Significant FiguresMs. Donis Chemistry 1 Honors

Page 2: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

There’s always room for error in science...

Page 3: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Types of Errors in Science

• Human Error: wrong calculations or incorrect readings of instruments or scales.

Page 4: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Types of Errors in Science

• Systematic Error: using instruments that are not calibrated correctly or not “zeroed”

Page 5: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

How to Avoid Errors

- improve and refine experimental techniques

- learn how to read measurements on different instruments

Page 6: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

How to Read A Graduated Cylinder – Meniscus

Page 7: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

How to Read A Graduated Cylinder – Meniscus

Page 8: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

How to Read a Thermometer – Meniscus

Page 9: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

How to Read a Ruler – Read perpendicular to the mark

Page 10: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Accuracy

• Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value● Accuracy of a device must be checked● Does it read a proper accepted value?

Page 11: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Example: Accuracy

• Who is more accurate when measuring a book that has a true length of 17.0 cm?

Susan: 17.0 cm, 16.0 cm, 18.0 cm, 15.0 cm

Amy: 15.5 cm, 15.0 cm, 15.2 cm, 15.3 cm

Page 12: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Precision

• Precision = the degree of exactness of a measurement that is repeatedly recorded.

• Which set is more precise?18.2 , 18.4 , 18.3517.9 , 18.3 , 18.8516.8 , 17.2 , 19.44

Page 13: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Example: Precision

Who is more precise when measuring the same 17.0 cm book?

Susan: 17.0 cm, 16.0 cm, 18.0 cm, 15.0 cm

Amy: 15.5 cm, 15.0 cm, 15.2 cm, 15.3 cm

Page 14: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Page 15: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Page 16: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Three targets with three arrows each to shoot.

Can you hit the bull's-eye?

Both accurate and precise

Precise but not accurate

Neither accurate nor precise

How do they compare?

Page 17: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Page 18: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Percent Error

Percent Error: indicates the accuracy of measurement by comparing the experimental value to the accepted value.

Page 19: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Percent Error

Page 20: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Percent Error

Page 21: Accuracy, Precision & Significant Analysis Figures ......2017/10/29 · Accuracy • Accuracy = the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value Accuracy of a device

Percent Error

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