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Achieving More Using Less in Public Sector Construction
Janice PauwelsManager Sustainable Development Unit
Department of Corporate Services
SSN Conference October 2005
Construction Industry
MAJOR sector of the national economy
8% of the UK GDP
Annual Output of £58 billion
But in environmental terms the…
Largest consumer of ALL resources of all
UK industries both directly and from its
supply chain of materials, producers,
fabricators and stockists.
Environmental Impacts
Approx 300 million tonnes of materials
extracted and quarried
72 million tonnes of construction/demolition
waste ( 17% of UK total)
40-50% of total UK emissions of CO2
Major consumer of energy ( buildings consume 49% of all energy in UK)
16% of water withdrawals
Approx 60% of all UK timber use – 25% virgin wood use – 90% of the 60% imported
20% of all commercial and industrial noise complaints
Greatest number of water pollution incidents
Construction transport accounts for 13% of total UK fuel use and uses 4% of total energy
Transport accounts for between 10-20% of total construction costsSource BRE – Construction Statistics Data Report 2002
Drivers For Change
Energy Performance of Buildings
Directive(Implementation by 2006)
New UK Strategy on Sustainable
Development (Initiated 2004)
Egan Review of Skills for
Sustainable Communities (2004)
Building (Scotland) Act (2003)
Secure and Sustainable Buildings
Bill (2004)
Revision of Building Regulations
(Proposed 2005/6)
Better Buildings – Better Lives:
Report of the Sustainable Buildings
Task Group (2004)– Code of Sustainable Building
Practices based on BREEAM
– The new code will establish higher standards for energy and water efficiency, as well as
waste and use of materials. – Complete by the end of 2005, in
order to take action on a national
rollout by early 2006.
Edinburgh Context
Council Vision
New Council Policies
Publications - Sustainable Design Guide
Edinburgh Standards for Sustainable
Buildings
Edinburgh Vision- “to lead the most successful and sustainable city region in northern Europe by 2015 and sustain the highest quality of life of any UK city”
CEC Policy Drivers
Standards for Urban Design in 2003
Policy on the Procurement of Sustainable Assets
(Jan 2004)
Policy on Sustainable Design and Construction
(Dec 2004)
Sustainable Design Guide
Sustainable Design and Construction Policy Aim
The City of Edinburgh Council is committed to leading the most
sustainable northern-European city region by 2015. The
Council aims to integrate all the policy objectives into our
design and construction activities for all facilities and buildings
including refurbishment, new build, maintenance, and
decommissioning, irrespective of size. It shall be the policy of
the Council to aim to reduce the environmental impacts from
our buildings and ensure that natural resources are used
efficiently.
CEC Sustainable Design Guide
Launched 22 March 2005
Assist in the implementation of the policy
Training being developed for Council staff and
external consultants/companies - modules to
be developed
Roll out of the policy across Council
departments
Council Contracts for Construction
Incorporation of new clause in Council contracts (May
2005) that states:
The Council will expect the consultant appointed under this
contract to fully adopt the sustainable development aspirations of
the Council described in the Council documents “Towards a
Sustainable Council” , “The Sustainable Design and Construction
Policy” and the “Sustainable Design Guide”.
Some Current Examples within Edinburgh
New HQ
Schools PPP2
New Care Homes
Refurbishment of the Council Civic Centre
Wester Hailes Canal House
New CEC HQ
Five floor open plan office space
Gross floor area of 17,362m2
Staff Restaurant
Fitness suite
Nearly 1,800 staff
All departments represented
Council is the tenant - 20 year lease
Agreement for Lease signed in October 2003
Halfway through construction
New CEC HQ
What was required from the developers?
“The City of Edinburgh Council is committed to sustainable development in all new city centre building projects. The Office Rationalisation Strategy provides an opportunity for the Council to demonstrate this commitment and encourage the adoption of sustainable development principles in the design of this project. The selection board will be looking for evidence of a thorough understanding of the issues with particular respect to the environmental performance of the building, transport needs, the working environment, maintenance and life cycle costs of the building”
Taken from the Client Specification
Process
Unique approach involving developers, Council officers, design
team and sustainability consultants
Establishment of a Sustainability Working Group
Agreement of a set of sustainability criteria covering issues such as
energy, waste, water
Development of a series of targets to be met if appropriate or
feasible (exemplars)
Understanding the constraints in sustainability terms
PROCUREMENT PROCESS - absolutely crucial - also VERY problemmatic
New CEC HQ Sustainability Key Performance Indicators
There are 74 Sustainability KPI’s applying to ALL the stages of the project: Design, Construction, Fit out and Operation.
These are incorporated into the Agreement for Lease
There are 14 categories of KPI’s:
Biodiversity Management
Maintenance Safety
Waste Transport
Water Materials
Pollution Health and well being
Energy and C. Change General
Social and Economic Indoor Air Quality
Energy Efficiency & Climate Change KPI’s
Examples of targets in the new HQ KPI 1.06 Total Operational Energy Consumption
KPI 1.07 Installed Lighting Energy Consumption
KPI 1.08 Embodied Energy Rating
KPI 1.24 Resilience to Climate Change
KPI 2.12 Compliance with CEC Energy Policy
KPI 1.21 Waste Minimisation Plan
Plan requirements:To produce
a Waste Minimisation Plan
The plan sets in place a minimum
diversion from landfill of 25% of
construction waste that would
normally be expected for a project
of this size. Working with the
Council, the Construction Phase
Plan has now been underway for
11 months.
In practice A number of items were reused from
existing buildings including metal racking
and shelving used by a bike company,
desks and chairs reused in a new office.
Even old fire extinguishers were serviced
and reused. All hardcore from existing
buildings including old Victorian stone setts
and bricks have been re-used to make new
access roads on site, or in other land
reclamation projects
WASTE MINIMISATION : Latest figures from 19 September 2005
Paper 5.12 tonnes diverted from landfill
Cardboard 4.52 tonnes diverted from landfill
Wood 97.28 tonnes diverted from landfill
Metal 58.9 tonnes diverted from landfill
Aluminium 43 kg diverted from landfill
General Waste 354.9 tonnes diverted from landfill
Hardcore/Demolition 34,739 tonnes diverted from landfill
Plastic 125 kg diverted from landfill
Totals
106.43 tonnes to landfill
35,260 tonnes diverted from landfill
KPI 2.16 Rainwater Harvesting 11,000 litres water capacity available for street cleaning, plus a tank for storm water attenuation
Storage Tank being installed
Materials KPI’s - some examples
•KPI 1.15 Timber - only use from certified sustainable sources - preferably FSC
•KPI 1.16 PVC - use to be minimised
•KPI 1.24 Supply Chain Management Plan
•KPI 2.21 Use of recyclable materials
In practice - this is a very difficult area in construction to address
KPI 1.15 - TIMBER•Monitored in the construction phase - mixture to date of FSC and PEFC timber
•Also applies to the fit out phase. Council contract went out in Dec 2004 for its HQ furniture stipulated that :
•“companies have to have ISO 14001 Environmental Management certification and Forest Stewardship Council accreditation certificates (or equivalent) and chain of custody certificates for all products. They had to provide documentary evidence (that has been or can be independently verified) to show that the wood/wood product has originated from sustainably managed resources.”
•TENDERS RETURNED WITHOUT THIS INFORMATION (OR EQUIVALENT ) WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED
CASE STUDIES
Schools PPP2 ( 6) - set targets in the bidders specification e.g
carbon targets - kg/carbon (worked with BRE), held meetings with
potential bidders, worked up sustainability requirements for insertion
into contract spec
New Care Homes (4) - working with contractors - feasibility
studies for Biomass
New Civic Centre - set targets and use of workbook
THE CITY OF EDINBURGH COUNCILSUSTAINABILITY WORKBOOK
SUSTAINABILITY TOPIC 1. MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECTCEC MinimumRequirements
To produce an overall sustainability management plan outlining howthe agreed KPI’s will be monitored throughout the project. Overallresponsibility will be with the Project Manager ( T&A?)
AGREED Key Performance Indicators
Agreed between CEC and Design Team and designed to meet (or exceed) CECminimum requirements or client specification.
KPI 1.1 Create a Sustainability Management PlanKPI 1.2 etc
Sign OffDate_______________________________________Approved by (Client) __________________________Approved by (Design Team) ____________________
SECTION 1 DESIGN PHASE
KPIKPI
Has Performance Indicator been met at design stage?
YesNo
If “yes” provide details
<date>
ISSUES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT
THE CITY OF EDINBURGH COUNCIL
SUSTAINABILITY WORKBOOK
PROJECTRefurbishment of CEC Midlothian Chambersand creation of new Civic Centre.
CLIENTCEC Registration Services
DESIGN TEAM (s)
CONTRACTOR
DATE WORKBOOKCOMMENCED
DATE FORPROJECTCOMPLETION
BARRIERS
Procurement processes of the contractors particularly for
major projects but also smaller ones
Lack of knowledge of designers and contractors
Being too specific in setting KPI’s at the outset
Being too general in setting KPI’s at the outset
Difficulty in specifying local suppliers and contractors
Perception of cost vs sustainability options
Capital costs of some sustainability options - e.g New Care
Homes
LESSONS LEARNED
Devil is in the detail - need to have sustainability criteria in
contracts!!
Having a policy in place and ensuring that all relevant Council
officers are aware of it -
Importance of setting KPI’s (if that is the way a LA wants to proceed)
and having a process in place to allow this to happen (or alternative) Have expertise in house or seek it externally - from consultants or
other LA’s
Sustainability can save money!