ACI - WORLD SAFETY SEMINAR - 2008 National Civil Aviation

ACI - WORLD SAFETY SEMINAR - 2008

National Civil Aviation Agency – Brazil

METHODS TO INCREASE THE RUNWAY SAFETY

LEVEL IN RESTRICTED AIRPORT SITES

Adival Magri Jr.Airport Planning and Development

Beijing, November 2008

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Introduction

This presentation cover:

The mission of National Civil Aviation Agency – Brazil (ANAC);

A overview of Air Transportation in Brazil;

The technical studies regarding:

Methodology for define declared distances and Runway End Safety Area (RESA) applications at São Paulo Congonhas Airport (study developed after Airbus A320 accident, 17/07/2007) presented at ICAO ADWG/5;

Methodology for Engineered Material Arresting System (EMAS) design and applications in restricted airport sites (in development) presented at ICAO ADW/6.

METHODS TO INCREASE THE RUNWAY SAFETY LEVEL IN REST RICTED AIRPORT SITES

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Some missions of ANAC:

Improve aviation safety, security regulation and inspectionsProvide clear and stable regulations where necessaryImprove transparency and accountabilitySimplify the Agency’s proceedings

Some priority targets of ANAC:

Maximize the efficiency of the airport infrastructureFollow the best practices of the civil aviation agencies around the world

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The Air Transportation in Brazil:

Aerodromes: 3.500Public: 750 Private: 2.750Airports network: 67 (INFRAERO)Air traffic: 97 % Passengers in 2007: 110.000.000 (total)Domestic: 89% International: 11% São Paulo: 30% of TotalSão Paulo Congonhas Airport: 13% domestic flightsSão Paulo Guarulhos Airport: 17% dom./intl. flights

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The São Paulo Congonhas Airport:

…is the busiest domestic airport in Brazil. The largest aircraft thatregularly use the runway are the Boeing 737-800 and the Airbus A320.

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RUNWAY END SAFETY AREA: technical and operational applications

São Paulo Congonhas Airport

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São Paulo Congonhas Airport

1.750m 60m130m

Runway characteristics

1.430m60m

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Detailed Methodology:

Aircraft performance study was executed to determine specify declared distances for TORA/ASDA/TODA/LDA;The flight route limit of 1.500km was considered; The variable used for aircraft performance analyses: Payload: maximum passenger + cargo (considering first passengers weight); A comparative LDA study was elaborated for dry and wet runway conditions to viability security operations according recommended actions by ICAO Annex 14.

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METHODOLOGY FOR DECLARED DISTANCES

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Identify aircraft operations based on scheduled flights

no runway restrictions


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Take-off analyses: The data was evaluated and analyzed for take-off considering destination at 1,000 and 1,500km away.

For both routes was calculated the maximum passengers and cargo load for each aircraft and flight destination considering following conditions:winds calm; wet and dry runway; temperatures between 16º and 32º Celsius;TODA/TORA/ASDA: 1,640 and 1,790m runway length.

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Example for Takeoff Analysis: Passenger (PAX)1,000km flight - Boeing 737-800 SFP (short field performance)


13Source : Software Flight Planning and Performance Manual, Boeing.

Example for Takeoff Analysis: PAX + CARGO1,000km flight - Boeing 737-800 SFP


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Example for Takeoff Analysis: PAX + CARGO1,500km flight - Boeing 737-800 Short Field Performance


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Take-off distances: TORA 1,790m + 150m of clearway, TODA = 1,940m

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In takeoff operations at 17R , used 130m for takeoff and RESA will be 150m. ASDAwould be 130m + 1,660m = 1,790m

The same resulted for 35L, where: 60m + 1,730m = 1,790m for ASDA

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Influence of LDA in total seats available

Landing analyses: The data was evaluated and analyzed for landing considering runway 17R and aircraft from airports at 1,000 and 1,500km away.

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Maximum: weekly seats available Runway LDA length restrictions 1,640, 1,660, 1,730m considering wet runway.

Gap 1, Gap 2, Gap 3: seats reduction for airline-aircraft in total seats weekly available.


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NOTE: Landing marks distance is 60m off runway, and RESA: 220m.

NOTE: Establish distance to provide RESA: 150m, LDA: 1,660m for 17R

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LDA 35R/17R

NOTE: ILS had not been dislocated given the operational cost. The visual aids continues originally indicate as final landing slope.

1.660 m

1.660 m

220 m

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Declared distances - NOTAM

17R 35L

TORA TODA ASDA LDA

RWY 17R: 1,790m 1,940m 1,790m 1,660mRWY 35L: 1,790m 1,940m 1,790m 1,660m

NOTAM: 12/03/2009

1.6601.790

1.940

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The EMAS design: Preliminary study

The EMAS must be designed to decelerate the design aircraft;The ANAC is considering the installation of EMAS in São Paulo CongonhasThe aircraft runway exit speed of 70 knots is considered a standard based on FAA’s Advisory Circular 150/5220-22A;This requirement imposes a minimum length of EMAS that in restricted airport sites is difficult to achieve.

The EMAS design by ANAC: Study on progress

The ANAC decided simulate the exit speed in overrun using CAE Flight Simulators for Airbus A320 and Boeing 737-800;The simulations will give the real exit speed in case of overrun caused by poor brakes and thrust reverse off.

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METHODOLOGY FOR EMAS DESIGN

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The distance available for EMAS at runway 17R is: 84 meters

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METHODOLOGY FOR EMAS DESIGN: PRELIMINARY STUDY

According Zodiac (EMAS provider) this EMAS available bed stop the

aircraft code C and D in exit speed of 70 knots

The distance available for EMAS at runway 35R is: 65 meters

According Zodiac (EMAS provider) this EMAS available bed stop the

aircraft code C and D in exit speed of 40 knots

METHODOLOGY FOR EMAS DESIGN: PRELIMINARY STUDY

METHODOLOGY FOR EMAS DESIGN BY ANAC

The flight simulations:

The ANAC decided simulate the exit speed on overrun using CAE Flight Simulators for Airbus A320 and Boeing 737-800;The GOL and TAM Airlines offered the pilots to realize the simulations.

The ANAC define the critical scenery to simulations :

Runway characteristics: LDA and slope (Congonhas Airport);Aircraft characteristics: code, MLW, landing speed (VREF 95%);Aircraft configurations: full flaps, ground spoiler open, no brakes, thrust reverse off;Weather conditions: ISA + 17º C., wet runway, winds calm.


The Airbus A320 on simulation approach at 17R


The flight simulations results after 12 landings in each runway:

Landing on runway 17R the average exit speed in the 35L:

Airbus A320: 89 knotsBoeing 737-800: 95 knots

Landing on runway 35L the average exit speed in the 17R:

Airbus A320: 88 knotsBoeing 737-800: 93 knots

Aircrafts configurations:MLW (according declared distances), full flaps, ground spoiler open, no brakes, thrust reverse off.

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CONCLUSIONS:Based on declared distances methodology:

TORA/TODA/ASDA for main runway 1,790m makes possible the direct flight routes between Congonhas and Airports located until 1,500km.Regarding LDA, the present study evidenced that 1,640m for declared distance in wet condition imposes 3,94% of operational restriction for available seats, preserving security areas with superior lengths of 150m and RESA.

Based on EMAS design ANAC methodology:

Based on simulations results the available area for EMAS is insufficient based on this emergency simulations;According this simulations, the EMAS length for this runway maximum exit speed will be 115 meters (25 meters of set-back); The ANAC will continue this work to sizing EMAS length and propose this application for this restricted airport site.

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Acknowledgements:

Airports Council InternationalCapital Airports Holding CompanyBeijing Capital International Airport Co., Ltd.China Civil Airports Association

CAE Aviation Training Centre - BrazilTAM AirlinesGOL Airlines

Adival Magri Jr.Airport Planning and Developmente-mail: [email protected]

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ACI - WORLD SAFETY SEMINAR - 2008 National Civil Aviation