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1© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyOECD Outlook on Industrial Biotechnology
Alois JungbauerDepartment of Biotechnology
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology
2© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
Biotechnology
Current trends
• Molecular level– Design of novel and artificial enzymes– Novel molecules
• Cellular level– Toolbox for industrial biotechnology– Metabolic engineering
• Process level– Process monitoring and control– Recovery processes
• Global level, sustainable– Environmental (energy, carbon, water)– Economical
3© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyNovel molecules
• First principle design
• Going beyond nature– Halogenated compounds– Self cleaning surfaces – Fibers with functional
properties– …
Novel molecules
Chemical synthesis
Novel enzymes
4© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyNovel molecules
• First principle design
• Going beyond nature– Halogenated compounds– Self cleaning surfaces – Fibers with functional
properties– …
Novel molecules
Chemical synthesis
Novel enzymes
Herman et al. Biotechnol. J. 2009, 4, 1441–1449
5© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyAb inito design of new molecules
• By the use of machine learning techniques, physical and coarse grained force fields (Molecular Dynamic Simulation, Reverse Monte Carlo Simulation) 3D structures are recursively reconstructed.
6© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyProtein engineering
• Screening of organisms
• Evolutionary methods• Rational and ab inito design
7© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyCosts of sequencing
Bionanomatrix nanodevice
8© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyCurrent trends
• Completed genome sequences and genome-scale models (GEMs) available to date.
9© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
Biotechnology
Applications of GEMs in industrial and medical biotechnology
10© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
Biotechnology
11© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologySynthetic biology
• The design and construction of new biological parts, device and systems
• The redesign of existing, natural biological systems for useful purposes
12© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyResearch trends
• Currently research is not divided into industrial and medical biotechnology
• Basic tools for new industrial products and medicines
13© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
Biotechnology
Synthetic biology and patentable subject matter
• Is a synthetic organism that occurs in nature an invention?
• Mycobacterium genitalis smallest bacterium with 582970 nucleotides has been synthesized
• Is it a repeat of Chen and Boyers’s idea, but this time the plasmid will be a human construct?
14© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyBioprocess Engineering
• Continuous vs. batch
• Process modeling and control
• Recovery
• Integrated processes
Innovation through new molecular entities and cells
Sustainabilitythrough engineered cell and process engieering
15© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyRecovery the bottleneck
• Energy barrier to separate compounds from solution → change of chemical potential
• Heat, pressure, surface tension, pH, diffusion …
• Smart materials change of surface with light, acoustic wave, …
16© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
Biotechnology
DestillationPrecipitationCounter Current Fractionation
Ion Exchange Chromatography,Crystallization
Affinity SeparationsMolecular ImprintingMicromachinedSeparation UnitsMonosized Particles
1940 1960-70 1980 - today
Enthalpic SeparationMachines
Middle EntropicSeparation Machines
Highly EntropicSeparation Machines
ChromatographyActive transportNanomachines
E.Müller, ISPPP Forum 2008
17© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyInbuilt functions for DSP
• Self assembly
• Solubility• Biorecognition
• Stability– Temperature– pH
Important: when trend towards extremely stable proteins realizes
18© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyProcess control
Process control adds :
• Intelligence and in consequence
• Sustainability
Gernaey et al., Biotechnol. J. 2009, 4, 593–599
19© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyMonitoring
• The real time monitor of physiological state of a cell in a bioreactor
• The real time monitor of a product in the effluent
20© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyResearch trends
• New molecular entities• Functional surfaces, nanomachines• New and engineered cells• Fermentation processes
– Process control – Engineering and design
• Downstream processing– Engineering and design– New processes
• Evaluation of sustainability
21© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologySustainable?
Yield data from USDA, IRRI, and FAO.
22© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologySustainable?
23© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologySustainable
24© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologySustainable?
• Antifreeze,
Upis ceramboides
25© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
Biotechnology
From CO2 to C6H12O6
• Can we reverse the carbon cycle without plants? – Algae bioreactor ≈ 15% maximal efficiency– Algae farming
• Bacteria producing sugars from CO2?
• Bacteria producing H2 from C02 and water?
26© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
Biotechnology
From CO2 to C6H12O6
• Can we reverse the carbon cycle without plants? – Algae bioreactor ≈ 15% maximal efficiency– Algae farming
• Bacteria producing sugars from CO2.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jul/14/green-algae-exxon-mobil
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/oct/23/biofuels-energy
27© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyBiothermodynamics
Von Stockar et al. 2006
28© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyBiothermodynamics
Von Stockar et al. 2006
29© Alois Jungbauer
ACIBAustrian Centre of Industrial
BiotechnologyOutlook
Specialty chemicals and materials
• New molecular entities• New functionalities
Bulk chemicals and biofuel
• Plant based raw material• Algae
• New synthetic organisms