~- ~viro~mental Policy and Law 8 (19~2)

form, as soo~ ~',~ feasible, e~;ch other Stat¢=s and N O R W A Y c~mpeten~ ir~ernstional organizations of atty =~asures it bes itself caken to minPnize or r,~duce pO;lut~oit or the threat thereof.

b ~ , tenm ,ntal Impact As~a$,~ment

A~ pe~ of their atlvironment~l m~nage- r ~ent polieies ~htl Cor~trecting Parties ul~dert eke t ) develoo techl*~cel ~lld other guidelines to ~sslst the plenni~g of their r.e~eloprnent pro i~c~s in such • v'~y ss to prevent or minimize ~sir harmful iml ~=ct on tne Convention ~rea.

~,. Each Contrz~:ing Party shell endeavour to ~sess the potential environmental effects of ,'~ajor projects, particularly in the coastal areas, ~, ch it hgs reasonable grounds to expect may ~ s e su)ste~ltial pogution of, or significant r nd harm ~ut changes to, the Convention area. 3. The Contracting Parties shall, in consulta- tion with *,he ()rga=llzatton, develop procedures for the d=ssem:nalion ~f information and con- sultafions eorcert~ing the assessment of the activities referred to n paragraph 2 of this article.

Article 13 Scient#ic and Tec~no/;gica/ Co-~'.*e~'~tlon

1. The Cent:acting Parties undertek- to co- operate, dlr, ~tly, and when appropriate through -he comoetunt international and re- g*onat ~, ganlzatlons, m scientific research, the monitorlng of potutian and the exchange of data end other ~czenti~c infor~ation related to th~ purp ~sss of the Convention. 2 To ',his end, the Contracting Parties unaer- take to devetop ,~nd ..o ordinate national re- search nnd monitorin~ progremmes concern- ing pOl u~on in the Convention area ~nd to ensure, in co-op~ration with the competent intema¢lonel and reg~ona~ o~gamzstions, the necessary links b~ tween n~tiona~ research can- has and institutes with ~ view to producing comdadble resuils. W~th the aim of further protect ,ng the Cor~vention area, the Contracting Parties shall endeavour to part¢cipate m inter- n,~iton~l orrangements for poltut,on ,esearch and monitoring i l areas beyond the Convert-

3. Th~ Contr~c:ing Pa,~es u~d~r~ske to cc- operate, dlrec~h', and when appropriate through the corrpetent internatinnal end re- g~ona~ organization, in the provision of techni- cal 6 ~d other assistance in fields r31ating to ~.~l!uti~n and soJOd envlronm~atai ma~age- meat ~f the C~nvenfion area, taking in:o ac- count the spec;s~ needs of the smeber ~sland developing countries and territories.

Article 14 Liability and C~rP~ensation

T;~e Contractng Parties shall co-operate with ~ '~ew to a=,optlng appropriate rutes and ~ocedu~s in c}nformity with internagonel '~w n fhe field ot liabilCty and compansstlon for ~am~g~, r~suiting from pollution In 'be Convert-

ACID PRECIPITATION - EFFECTS ON FOREST AND RSH*

Sufi~maw and Conclusions

Eml=41onl. tMnspoftetlon and ¢]aposltll=ll (Chapters 3 ~nd 4)

Acid precipitation c~. Id be defined as pre- ¢ipitCttion hs'Hng a pH below 5.6, the pH of p~='e water in equilibrium with stmospherlc CO 2 The term is now commonly used for prec}ph~'- tion with high consent'aliens not only of hy- dronium ions, but also of sulphate, nitrate and ammonium ions, but also of ;ulphace, nltrat~ end ammonium. Acid precipitation contains normally also various heavy metal as well ~s other elements and orgst~ic micropoButants.

Natural emissions of sulphur compounds m Europa are estimated to be less then 10% of t ,~ total sulphur emissions

Samples of precipitation and air have been cogeated at ma~e than 50 Norwegian Rations; ,~oat of which have been in operation for several years. Extensive surveys of compo~i- tion of snow have also been carried out. T ~e concentrations of exces~ sulphate (~.e. the see- salt contribution is s~,btracted) end H + in precipitation are hi~bhest along the south-east- ern coast, where annual mean concentrations (we ghted according to volume) are aboLt 70 p.eg SO 4 1 "I and 50-70 i~.eg H + 1-1 . The dep,asits including dry deposition are up to about I4~ meq So 4 m "2 Yr "1 and about 120 meq H + M 2

c t Sulphate and H.concentra,,~ns in preslp,- y • , . tation are highly correlated, the correl~tlc coefficient being 0.7-o.g at Norwegian stat~o~.

Western Norway, where concentrations of poUution compounds are m)dmste, also re- calves considerable deoosits because of h,gh amounts of precipitation. Large areas m soJth Norway rece've annual depositions of excess s¢~lphste above 60 meg m ~2, Mean pH of precipitation is down 'o about 42 in scne areas while the value is below 45 ,n v, de reginns.

There was a marked increase in the :one ~n- trations of H + and sulphate in the prec=plta ,on during the 1960-1970 d~cade. Since 1972 th~c has b, n no ewdant t~nd in the sulphste concentretion'~ Nitric z~ccd contrlt'utes about 30% of the H" -ions in ~ recip*tstion in Nor~ ~y, end this flactlon ~eem~ to L~e increasing

The methods used to estimate dr, deposi- tion of ~,d~=,r ~ompo,~r.da are rather uncer- sin. The dry depOsits seem, however, to ac-

count for ~p to 30% ¢~ the totai ~nnual s~ phur deposits in Norway.

Long-range transpo~ appears to dominate the general oapos;tion pattern of several heavy metals {e.3 lead. zinc, and cadmium) ;n Nor- way. This is refiest~3 in th~ regional distribu- tion of these ~etets 3 mosses and soil.

Rec~nt freshwater =rtdlffcation (Chaplet g~

~11~ OHect of o::id precipitation cn water a; dity depends highly i~,1 bedrock ~eo!ogy and the r,ature of the overh~.'rden "he Most we - kr,own susceptible ar.~m ~-e those with shat- I~,.v overburden and ,tuJ,~czbearlng bedrock, ~, ;j granites and gneis~;~s.

" See a;~o page84

101

There is ¢onvinping evidence of a decrease in pH in freshweters during recent decades in ~outhem Scandinavia and other exposed re. glens w.~`h slmlt~r geology (e,g. Adirondack Mountains in LISA and parts of Canada), !t I~ difficult tn quantlff 'Jze change; typical shifts in some highly susceptible areas ~n southcrm~lost and south-eastern Norway m w be 0,5-1.(= ~)H unit (say from 5,5 to between 5 and 4.5), Ledger changes may ha~a occurred i~ a few takes

The" welopment of fr eahwater acidifica~io n in time, ~nd space in southern Scandinavia i,nd in cthe~ regions co=responda wa;I with 'he chango~ in the composition of the precip, te- lion. B,~'h in No~way and in other countNes recent ,sg~onal acidification seems to ha're been re~orted only in areas receiv,ng ac.d precipitation (pH less than about 4.7).

Exte',sive reglonal lake surveys have been curried :~u~ in Norway. ConsidP,mg lakes with similar (;a-levels, there is s high correlation3 batwee', concentrations of H + and sulphate. The s¢:~:bete deposition exph~ins in general the sulph~,i.= concentrations in the lakes, The ni- trate ¢~*,~centrstion in lakewa~er i~ always much lower ,~,an the sulphate concentra~o,. ==,~e= with t:~,~ phi often have elevated alum~n~um concsr't,'ations, a,~d sometimes increased con- centr,,t'¢}ns of other metals.

~*h: ouffer intensity of water pH abe ~* ~ or greatr~ is mainly caused by the cerL.oP~te syst~ : , In me~-e ~cid water, other systems (alumi~um species, organic compounds) may p~ay ~ impor[Jat ro~¢. The a]katimW (Or acid nautr, - izstion capacity) shows ho,~v susceptible the ~ ~ t P,r is to input of acid. O~en the suscepti- bi~it3 r,ay be referred from t~e Ca-conc ntra- t lun ~ ~as been ~ugacted thef diagrams, now- ;n o h¢~n-matme Ca in lake walcr~ vs. hen. lr=~rcne sulphate (or w;. pH in the precipita- t;an} r~ay be used ~o pred=c~ acidifl :alien

In|~u once of the terrestrie~ system on the runoff ¢o~,oslt ion {Chapters 6 one 7)

F ~'shwater acidity is a result of comp;ex inte-~ctiJns between prac~p,tation ot megw~. tar ~ld the terrestrial system. PrJce~ses such ss c i~on exchange, weatharinr) and acc¢,"nula- tier ~nd re~ease of compounds (e g sulphate} sff~ ' the runoff composition. Studies in ins laoc-~,to.y or greenhouse, in mim.catchmen *° an~ n catchments have been carried ~ut w,,~ in the St'~SF-projest to ctarl~ tile processes ~n~ mochanism~ ~nvolved.

~t:e importance of ion ex~';~nge is evident from many short-term studle.~. The runoff v.~B be acid if the sm =s acid and ~be precipitation h ~ high concen*rations of ions, whether H" is a dominant cati~m or not. The actual concentra* t=ons of indwidual catlon~ Jn precipitation may therefore not be too important in such cases. In a discussion of Iong-terr,~ trends, the effects of various cat~ons must be cons=dared separate=y. Th,Js cation exchange ir.volvirg sodium may perhaps dominate seasonal pH-varist*ons in areas with partlcularly large deposits of see. ss '~ f the terrestrial system is close to a steady state, however, sea-salt de, positions It, genera! i ~ seams therefore likely that cat~on exchange involving sodiur,1 is o~ minor impnr- tense for long*term acidlficst=on.

Sulphate may be absorbed in the soil, espe- cieBy in g-horizons, Several stu:~ies te.g sul- phur budgets} showth~ importance of s]=lph~ta accumulation and release in the cbtchment Thus the low pH-values often-observed in con-

0 3 7 8 , 7 7 7 X / 8 ~ t 0 0 0 0 . . 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 2 . 7 5 ~.; 1 9 8 2 N o r t h - H ~ ' l a n ¢

n~ t!~n with the ¢ t; t heavy rain in the autumn. n1~y largely be n~(ptalned by a wash-out of ~ltl~hat~ accumulsied d~rhlg the summer, tn- c~¢llsed sulphatll co~,=,mlrat~ons result in h;; hat cQncemra~,~n~ of ca,ions ,r,:luding H +. Th .=se conctusio~ are supported b~, simulation models. If i~,'iod~, of al least one year are co,~sibersd, howe, tar, inpu'~ and output of sul- phur are in general near l /nqual in most catch- m~mts #~tudied i~ Norway.

Input.output ratios ~l);e t,~ one are ahto nr imagy found for CI and Na while the annual bt ugsi~ abew th~ ,.atchments to be sinks for H ~, NH 4 and NO 3 an(' rourca)~ for Ca, Mg and

Though interact=on between water and soil/ v,}getatlon mcrea.~s the content of weak acids nlaialy related to .,rganic- :=rid alumlqium corn- Founds, there ,.~eems to be no evidellce for ~scnbtng th(t le,:ent water acidification to ¢ hanges in th~ co,~tent of organic acids.

{.ahorsiory a11¢7 held studios have shown hsi '.he hr~t fractlons ef the meltwater cout~in ~)nslrlerab;~ ;,;gh:r concentrations of ions G'lan the bulk sac,w. I'hi~ !ow pH-levels often observed =n l~kes and streams du?h,g snow- rr~elt arc pfobabl l partial caused by this fraa- ~ionstto~* FCleC~r

E,,en durlnq s~,owmelt the combosi' on of the rohof l 's C~ns~derabty changed by contact with ~oll =md ,~sq,~tatlon a~d ~y contHbutlons from wa1~r r e ~ v >its in the ¢~tchment. This ,~ 8vident ham many i nv~ lgs i i ons i11ciudlng

The ni¢lsie ¢or~cen~rati,3n~ m runoff, which art general ~re vert low. may ~e higher during ~nowm~h that= for the rest ~,f the ve~r The values ~el(l~m exceed, however, one-th,rd of tile sulphate conrentradons. In some catch- rhents the nitrsie :oncentratioqs in strearrwa- tar ~*e negli~;ble i~ven in this period.

Lsnd-ule changes and w~zer acidification (Chapter 8)

BOtP, wtlter and eoll ~cldification may be due to ant3ropogenic as well as natural c~m;es ~lan's infium'ce is c~rtainiy not limited tc em~ssir~n of pol;ulaflt; into the e~vlronment S3me l~n( u~a i;h~ng:3s he ~ for a long time b~en k~,~w,} to af'iect the ~ ~ldlty of the sod L'ependil~g on the ~on contel ~ uf the prec~pita+ hen and Ihe runoff pai:lern, this will to v~rlous degrees affect the ellafinity and/or the Ph tn siream.=, a11d lake,s,

R~cent regional ~c~d=fic~tlo~ of freshwater ace .s to have bee~ reported only in areas r,~ct~lving acid pPecigitBtion, The la~d usz and changes in land us~ in tfle ar~as vmy greatly, h~ ~OrTle caso*3 chlmges, such es spreading of co111ferous fo:esi, have most likely ceused an acldif~csiion of ida sod. Howeve;> studies c.~r- ne,~ out ,~, ~emsie outhelds a,~d mountai~ a r~a6 in N~£Nay do not revceat land-u~ ch~nges e~pec~ad tn cause ~cidi~icatton, Still tneae area~ hliv~ beery ~rr,ong those showing the most dramic decrels~e in fish popul~ffions. ~le~e r e ~ ' ~ r~l~ d~¢T~lt tO reconcile w*th fl,e hypoth~=st~ theft t~11d-u~e cbenge~ have been the m~in ¢9~lse of the "ogiorlal acil:llficatlon of fakes and ctrea ~s.

Cone~4~tusl ~odels L'or water ~cidffilration t.Cbeptei 9t

The pH ir~ th'¢ rttnCl~ seems ~o b~ deter- mlned mainly by the cc+nc~ntrations of Il lobile anions {esl~ecially aulphsie), the p:ope~lle~ of

Environmen~al Pol:,,~y and Law, ~ (1982)

:1~o soil (e,g. bass saturation) and th~ f low p, tl~;r..

Ii ill still > ,or possible ¢o quantify precisely the ccntribetlona from venous pro~t,l=~,~s iP- vot~eci in a¢:id,~cstlon of rivers and =a.es. To ciar fy the di=cusslon one may distinguish be= twe,]n three conceptual models: 1. ~fodalbesedonadimcteffact, he.assumin 9

"1a¢ a substantial frectlon of the precipffa- her, rearhas rivers and lakes essentially t inchL:,ged.

2 I~o:lel emohasizl-g the increased deposi- l ion of mobile anions (So42").

3. I'Dodel ba~Bd o11 effects on 5-eshwsier ".hrough a :;hahge cf eoll acidity. , Caused by i:icid precipitation.

• qaused by other factors (e.g. changed vegstati~n)

!

Ur~m,.,s

3ased pr;r,'~r= p on the SNSF-projact we m~y s u m m ~c our present knowledge as felloi/c..:

Ihe :fscriqn of the precipitsiion r~aching ri~ers and ~ e s e.~entlagy unch~nge3 Ls nor- really srna~L Thus the dire,'~ sffests a~e smag. but not neg!kjible,

Change~ i'1 the ~oi~ may occur Bs a result of acid precipit3tion. This ?)ay contribute to freshwater lc,dificstion. It i~ difficult tO quantify the contribution, but it is r,ot bk~ly to account far a major p~,rt of the observed pH-ch tinges In f;'e~thwater

Though tf'ere ~oems Lo b~ no ccnstst¢,nt pattern of ¢ha'lg0s in t~nd use d .~ ma~ ~,xplain regional acidifi:siions, ths~e tacto:s ar~ probe- bh/contributit lg In soma areas.

Che mosi ,olausible explanation tu ti le re- cent actdificabon Qf frashwatel is pro~idsd by the mobile amon concept, WhUe mO;t of the atmospheric nitr~ta is retained in t;*e catch. mere, sulphate an:ons at~ uaualt, 4uite r~ob;le. The Increased concentrations of sulphate an.

037EI-777X/82/0000-000C/$02.75 E) 1982 North.Holland

ions explain at les~t a substant}al p~tt of toe observed acidlficatio i,

TakiNg ag ev!d~nce into account there s ~ m s t ) be no reasQ 1 to doubt that the ch~n[]e il l the :ompos~tion of the prsciphation has played ~n important role in the a¢id;3¢ation of fl eshwa~.e r.

In fut,~re work it s important to P~y more Bttentlon to the Idnsl is aspects of ~eidificatl ~n.

Effect~ oe todd precip, lat lon on soi l pr .~.~uct~lty and growth (Cbepta, 10}

A ~u tuber of st~¢ Yes have yielded evidence in support of the th soreLical 8ssun, ~gon that acid ~recipitafion ,ice a~y tltbe~ ,hange in climate, may result i l changes in trl~3 ~ropertles el soil, e.g. decrease s in pH and b~se Satura- tion. At ~resent it is lifflcutt, howew,, to draw any definite c~nclus cos on the t ime required for the reactions and their intensitle3.

Many soils, for e~ ample in Scandinavia. are still far from the slal=le ~nd mature stage, and considerabl~, cnu,=g~ i due f~ ,~Hors other than ~:!d preclpltatlob. I~ave been demonsirated. The great variations in soil types and m their susceptibility and a¢id preclp[tsiion make da- tact:¢ n of ~ossible ef eats at an early st: ;le even more "hfhcult.

Sever~ ' *s ca I h~rdly he expect id to be observed as , ,, *r - the chahg ~ ~ ir chemi- cal properties o.ser~ ~ ~, ,< .~)~ut ~ o,,~-ade in Swedish forest S~ll~ m~y have p~rt,¥ b ~ n abused by acid ; rec i )itsiiq ~. WeaL. ~ r r ~an sci- emlsts have recentP, concluced lhat l, le prO- duction in large are~,~ of forested la~d ;t cemral E~tope is highly ~nd mgered by the sol acld;f}- cation caused by a.:Id deposition r.~@nly be- cause of abe resuhin I h igh AI-concer.red~ns in soil solution, With th i methods a nd exp trimen. tel procedure= use( in the SNSF-pro act de- crease~ ut forest gr=,wth du~ to acid ceposits have not been der~onsirateJ. "he re:teased nitrogen supply OP en ~ss, ¢¢aied wi h acid precipdation may he fe a poe ive gr¢ wth effect. This does i:ot excluc a, how, er. the ~ ~sibgity that adverse inf'ue ~ces rr ~y be ¢L~wgoping over t ime in the moo susce ~ttbie $c;,'~ehnavian for~'~t8cosysiems.

The most seriou, consequence for tarres- trial eco~,/si~ms (~f regional acid>-~esiion at lave Is c~rrenlIy oboe red m Norway ~nay be the increased rate of le*chi~ O of maic~ e~ements and trace metal3 tr( m foro~.l s~i! a ~d vegeta- tion+ This a l ~ has a heisting on tr4~ ~qusiic systems rec~;ving t~ ese effluents

Acidified water 11 ay qffest rrticroo ~n l i lm~ a11d inver~ebrate~ b i l ia soil. "{he ~coloo¢cal import' inca of the e f f ~ s is, however, uncer- tain,

The relative signi ~cance ~f strong :~cld~ and associated h o a w m itals found in h'~lvi ly pol- luted 6teas has not ~een clearly esi;~l;~hed ii1 terms of toxic eff~c~ on plants and r i~ o~a~- ism,, It is impor ta l t to keep in ~d the possible I~ng-term ~ne;~;¢d¢ after, Wqlem~ ~f the a r l l y of heav~ II1~,.~. , I

organic m, :r~poffut~ I~Is commonly t ssocta~. with ecidli~ ng air p, illlltant~

From an l icol~tl l ~ll I~,l~i of view =' ia dlffi- cult to forecss ~, th~ ul;im~ le ~es~. of the simospberic a~dtflc alien a ~ relatec ,~ir pr.du- t~nls otl terrestrial ~ ysiems, and to p~dg~ the rate and even ':he d re~ion uf chan(~c < h" the mo-e su~-'eptlble a~ lee it s~.ems h~v~veh ,'~ be ~t question of pro gortioP ¢Ind time rsquireO rat~er than whethe¢ any ecologlca~ eHects ap= paler or no t

Envin~nmental Policy and Law, 8 ( 7982)

Effec= ,: f w~e~ addiP, catlon o~ aqul t is Sfe

The recar, t eCldifl~ation of free, waters in ~arta of ~urope ebd eastern North America has had pn:found |mpzmts on ageatic life, Al l trophi¢ '.aveis are afros,led, Of immediate co,t, ~crn to t he people iivil~g in the acidified regmns is the major de fine i~ fish popo~.ations, In the four se.lpernmost cojntiss in Norway more than had of the fish go puistion$ have been lost ~Juriog ~he 1940-1980 period. Tod~h lakes in lore t1 an 13060 knl 2 of south No:way are

practice ly devoid of fish, and in additional 20000 k n .2 the fi~h st ~.J~s are reduced, Contin- ued water acidification is ~ threat to hundreds of lake:, stlll harbouring valuable ~,~h pOpula- tions. P.tgh egg and fw mortality in acid water

EP

ri lE PCLITICAL AFFAtRS COMMITTEE HERESY 3UBMti'S TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT TH~ FOLLOWING MOTtON FOR A RESOI.U- ~ON TOGETHER WITH EXPLANATORY STA'~ MENT:*

M o E ~ n F o r A R e s o l u t i o n

on ~P,e role of t he IEuropeen Podia~er,~ i . i ts rslettolds w i t h th,~ E u r o p ~ n Counci l

The E,ropean Pe~'gamerrt - r ~ ~,iling tha~ the Community's institutional de~ e~opment ;s one ~>f the politiCal objective~ d r ~r=~ and rr#eatedb~, ctat~d in '.he preambles to t : Comm mlty Treaties and in additions and ~m ~n~ments thereto, -- kes~ing in mind that, in the course of ad- varcement towards the Communit~ goal, 'Su~,rnit meetings' and, subsequendv, 'Euro- pe~ r, Councils' were introduce~, at which an e¢~,~¢npt was made t~ estabhsh in meetings of the k;aads of State an ~ Government, guidelines ~n~ momentum for the progress of European inte ]ration, - h~vlng regard to toe variety of experience accumulated in the Iorfg history of *European Councils' and to the need to define the is~ter's isg~l, pogt~cal and functional role on the Euto- p e ~ po~'dicet .=cane, - drawing ~sn t ien to the advantages of the future Comm~niW de vetoping in a harmonious ~.,~ox~ in which P~rilament should mcreas- ~n ~,/ ~ssum~ the ro;e of initiator ~nd perme- ~ Pl snd oI~ .:;iv~ partner of the Institutions

~otlng ~i~l~ ~ati~f~cLi~r~ ~h~t the Europesn C~)u~cil has recently d~mor~ctratee Its awarr- n~,s~¢ of the (IdNiS~blli~ and considerable pogti- ¢~ importance of m~intaining r~.~ut~r and con- s~ ,~ttve ~alations wire the European P:~ damePt, - t:~ving ~egerd to die report by tea Pollbca~ /~ ~ ~irs Committee ar d the opl~tcn of the Legal Af~=rs Committee (C'oc, 1 - 7 3 ~ ) ,

~ ~e ~l.o page ')5

iS regarded tts the m~,,, reason for fish decline, but ~hs r population responses are also know~l. Mat.siva fish k~ll of ~duit fi*~h during eaid episodatl is well d o e ~ n t e ~ , and is caused by physiofogica; stre~s ~om ~oxic com. binetiotrs of water acidity an~ aqueous ~lumi- nium_Tho AI-toxicity depend~ ~ . wa~r pH and seems to hive e maximum a.ound p~E.

Aquatic ecoeystem.~ under acidifi..ations show both reduced p,oduct[on end reduced decomposh ion, Imports.at observations are the dominance of epiphyti~ algae among the pro- ducer~ end fur gi among the dee~mposers. The accumulation of alger is rd~ted to reduced feeding activities by in~'ertebr=tes, but much of the algae is photosyntnatically inactive.

Among decomposars there is a shift in scldified lakes from oactaria to slow-acting

103

fungl, isoding to in.cased sedimentation and reduced availability of natrisnts. Th~a may re- sult in ollgotrophicetion of the lakes, T~e invero tebrete fauna shows reduced diversity during acidification. This applies bo:h t~ zoophnktort, larger *~uataceans, inse-~s, snails and bivalve:;, Key a-~anism~; for transfe-ring energy, from Iowel, :~ higher trophic levels may tharef(~re be wiped ~.ut by acidifieatioa,

"F~r, fish in ~cid waters do not disappear from ~ck of food, Fewer food species survive, howe~r, and those with e particular advantage in ~¢,i~' water, like the water-boatmen, may come t:o dominate. This simplification tnake~; the e:,dsy~er~ vulnerable to ~hanging ¢ondi- t lors, ~tnd may mean an additional stress on the t(p-prepetors, as food will not always b~ aas:E available. [~

"What 'S go ing to become of you - do you w=~ 1". to end up as a watchs t rap t "

S t ~ the need

1. To define the role, nature ~ nd functions of the European Councd =n relati( n to the Eurm peon institutions and in part~c, dar Parliament as pa~ of the pr~.~cess of instit~tlonal develop- ment (both at the presen~ stag,J and whe" the Treahoe are revised): 2. For the European Coun~,ll to keep the European Parhament regularly informed of the proceedings and toe subiects ~o be d~seussed at its m¢atings; 3. For the President c* tee E¢ ropean Council to take part in general debates on basic aspects; of Community policy, partlcula "ly immediately •fter their trimenstdol sessions, 4, TO ~nsure that the European Parliament's new useful r~l~tionshi p with the European Council - :he n~ain thrvst of which i$ ~irected towards ~ JII implementation ~ ~' he Treaties a nd ~natltut.onal development - is not allowed to replace ~ts relat;onship with the Council of Ministers and the progress the~ have made in ~ocedur ~l and other matters; 5. ln,~u~=ts its President tO ft rward this reso- lution ~nd the report of its committee to the European CounciI, r'hB Ce~mci~ and the Com- mission c" the Eur~,;e~ C~m~unitles and to the padia,'nc, nt~ an~ gover~r~n~ of the Mem- ber Stereo,

"~ f COt4 ~ITI'EE ON THE ENVIRONMENT, P' RLIC HEALTH AND .dNSUMER PROTEC- "~ON HEREBY ~USMITS TO THE EUROPEAN PARUAMENT THE FOLLOWING MOTIOE FOR A RESOLUTION TOGETHER W"TH EXPLAtJA- TORY ST~ffEMENT:

M o t i o n f o r a R e s o l u t i o n

on the proposal for e draf t recommenda- t ion concerning the te~jistrat|on of w o r k involv ing recombinant deeoxyr lbonucleic ac~d { D N A )

The European Patgament, - ~aving rege,d to the draf~ recommondshon concerning the registration of ¢~otk invo;#mg recombinant deso>:yr;bonucleic ec~d ((JNA;, - having been cons~dted by the COUFCiJ IDoc 1-4:;8/80), - hevm 9 rega'd to the report of the Committee on the Environcnent: PubJic Health and Consumer Protectior (O~c. 1- 810'~1), Approves the ,.~ref~ recommendation Frop~sed by the, Commi~sion of the European Communi- ties

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