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Acid Rain
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EEYGrtvRMo&feature=related
Regional Outdoor Air Pollution from Acid Deposition
Regional Outdoor Air Pollution from Acid Deposition
Wet Acid DepositionWet Acid Deposition Dry Acid DepositionDry Acid Deposition
• In the United States, coal burning power and industrial plants in the Ohio Valley emit the largest quantities of sulfur dioxide and other pollutants that can cause acid deposition.
• The typical precipitation in the Eastern United States has a pH of 4 – 4.8. More than 10 times the natural precipitation with a pH of 5.6.
Acid Deposition in the US
Acid Deposition - Plants, and Soil
Fig. 20-11 p. 447
Nutrient LeachingNutrient Leaching
Heavy Metal ReleaseHeavy Metal Release
Weakens TreesWeakens Trees
Figure 20-11Page 447
Emission
Aciddeposition
SO2
H2O2
PANs
NOX
O3
Others
Direct damageto leaves and bark
Reducedphotosynthesisand growth
IncreasedSusceptibilityto drought,extreme cold,insects, mosses,and diseaseorganisms
Soil acidification
Leaching ofSoil nutrients
AcidRelease oftoxicmetal icons
Root damage
Reduced nutrientand water uptake
Tree death
Groundwater
Acid DepositionAcid Deposition
Acid Deposition and Aquatic Systems
Fish DeclinesFish Declines
Aluminum ToxicityAluminum Toxicity
Acid ShockAcid Shock
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7MpI9dZIjk
Acidifying Waters Corrode Northwest Shellfish
PBS NEWSHOUR
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAaRJKKTOys
Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs
Potential problem areasbecause of sensitive soils
Potential problem areas because of air pollution: emissions leading to acid deposition
Current problem areas(including lakes and rivers)
Acid Deposition and Humans
Respiratory DiseasesRespiratory Diseases
Toxic Metal LeachingToxic Metal Leaching Damage to structures especially Damage to structures especially containing calcium carbonatecontaining calcium carbonate
Decreased VisibilityDecreased Visibility
Decreased Productivity and profitabilityDecreased Productivity and profitability of fisheries, forests and farmsof fisheries, forests and farms
Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Pharynx (throat)
Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchus
Right lung
Bronchioles
AsthmaAsthma
BronchitisBronchitis
EmphysemaEmphysema
Fibrosis/Lung Fibrosis/Lung CancerCancer
Reduce air pollution by improving energy efficiency
Reduce coal use
Increase natural gas use
Increase use of renewable resources
Burn low-sulfur coal
Remove SO2 particulates, and Nox from smokestack gases
Remove Nox from motor vehicular exhaust
Tax emissions of SO2
Add lime to neutralizeacidified lakes
Add phosphatefertilizer to neutralizeacidified lakes
SolutionsAcid Deposition
Prevention Cleanup