Acids and Bases - Doddle · PDF fileAcids and Bases Definitions of acids ... Boardworks Year 1 and AS Chemistry Contents Guide ... Electron Configuration Energy levels 11 slides

Boardworks Year 1 and AS Chemistry Contents Guide

2015 1/23

Boardworks A-Level Year 1 and AS Chemistry Contents Guide: Presentations

Acids and Bases Definitions of acids and bases 4 slides

• Definition of acids and bases

Acid strength 5 slides

• Overview of pH

• Definition of strong and weak acids

Neutralisation reactions 7 slides

• Introducing neutralisation reactions

• Reactions between acids and bases, including alkalis, carbonates and metal oxides

• Reactions between acids and metals

Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation

Identifying the name of the salt created in a neutralisation reaction

Completing the neutralisation word and symbol equations

Aci

ds

and

Bas

es


2015 2/23

Alcohols Nomenclature and production 9 slides

• Overview of alcohols, nomenclature and uses

• Alcohols and hydrogen bonding

• Alcohol production by fermentation

Animation illustrating the production of ethanol from the hydration of ethene

Identifying whether statements relate to fermentation or the hydration of ethene

Oxidation 12 slides

• Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

• Oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols

Virtual experiment investigating the oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids

Identifying missing substances in reactions involving the oxidation of alcohols

Virtual experiments to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones

Esterification

Identifying the type of alcohol and reaction conditions needed to produce specific aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids

Other reactions 9 slides

• Dehydration of ethanol in the lab

• Combustion of alcohols

• Forming halogenoalkanes from alcohols

Animation illustrating the production of ethane from ethanol

Animation illustration the reaction of ethanol with sodium

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to the reactions of alcohols

Biofuels 8 slides

• Introduction to biofuels

• Defining carbon neutrality

Animation addressing whether biofuels are carbon neutral

Identifying aspects of biofuels as either advantages or disadvantages


Identifying the correct definition of selected keywords in the presentation

Identifying the structure of alcohols and products of their reactions

Multiple-choice quiz

Alc

oh

ols


2015 3/23

Alkanes Nomenclature 6 slides

• Overview of alkanes, nomenclature and structural isomerism

Animation illustrating how to name branched-chain alkanes

Activity to identify the names of branched-chain alkanes

Fractional distillation 8 slides

Animated graph illustrating the trend in boiling points of straight-chain alkanes

• Explanation of the trend in boiling point of alkanes

• Overview of crude oil

Animation illustrating the process of fractional distillation

Guide to the properties and uses of crude oil fractions

Ordering the fractions of crude oil in terms of boiling point

Cracking 9 slides

• Crude oil fractions: supply vs. demand

• Overview of cracking

Animation illustrating thermal cracking

Animation illustrating catalytic cracking

• Comparison of thermal and catalytic cracking

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to cracking

Combustion 13 slides

• Complete and incomplete combustion

• Reactions of carbon and nitrogen in the internal combustion engine

Animation illustrating the function of a catalytic converter

• Sulfur contamination of fossil fuels

• Sulfur dioxide and acid rain

• Carbon dioxide and the greenhouse effect

Matching pollutant gases to their descriptions




Alk

anes


2015 4/23

Alkenes Nomenclature 8 slides

• Overview of alkenes

Guide to positional isomers

Animation illustrating the nature of the sigma and pi carbon–carbon bonds in alkenes

• E–Z isomerism in alkenes

Identifying missing words relating to alkenes and carbon–carbon double bonds

Addition reactions 14 slides

• Overview of electrophiles and electrophilic addition reactions

• Hydrogenation

• The bromine water test for unsaturation

Animations illustrating electrophilic addition reactions

• Addition reactions involving unsymmetrical alkenes

• Primary, secondary and tertiary carbocations, and their relative stability

Identifying primary, secondary and tertiary carbocations from their structures

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to electrophiles

Polymerisation 10 slides

• Overview of addition polymerisation

Animation illustrating the free radical mechanism of the polymerisation of ethene

• LDPE, HDPE, polypropene and polychloroethene

Identifying which monomer was used to make different polymers

• Properties and uses of LDPE, HDPE and polypropene

Waste polymers and alternatives 13 slides

• Effect of waste polymers on the environment and sustainable alternatives

• Overview of recycling processes





Alk

enes


2015 5/23

Analytical Chemistry Interpreting mass spectra 11 slides

• Uses of mass spectrometry

• Introduction to molecular ions

• Using high resolution mass spectrometry to distinguish between similar compounds

Calculations relating to molecular formulae and m/z peaks

Animation illustrating fragmentation of molecules during mass spectrometry

Interpreting mass spectra

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to mass spectrometry

Infrared spectroscopy 10 slides

Animation illustrating molecular vibrations as a result of IR energy

Animation illustrating changes in dipole during molecular vibrations

Animation illustrating the use of an infrared spectrometer

• Overview of infrared spectra

• Understanding greenhouse gases in terms of infrared absorption

Guide to the absorption spectra of atmospheric gases

• The use of infrared spectroscopy in breathalyser

Identifying missing words relating to infrared spectroscopy

Interpreting infrared spectroscopy 7 slides

• Understanding infrared spectra in terms of characteristic bonds and fingerprint regions

Guide to identifying some common organic chemical groups from their infrared spectra

Matching chemical groups to their characteristic bonds

Interpreting infrared spectra

Combined techniques 10 slides

• An introduction to combined analytical techniques and worked examples





An

alyti

cal

Ch

emis

try


2015 6/23

Atomic Structure

Fundamental particles 8 slides

• Subatomic particles, atomic/mass number and isotopes

Identifying the number of subatomic particles, and the atomic/mass number of selected elements

Mass spectrometry 11 slides

• Overview of mass spectrometry

Animation illustrating how mass spectrometry works

Identifying the functions of different parts of a mass spectrometer

Ordering the stages of mass spectrometry

Animation illustrating what information is provided by the mass spectrum of monatomic elements

Animation illustrating what information is provided by the mass spectrum of diatomic elements

Matching processes involved in mass spectrometry to their description

Relative atomic mass 7 slides

• Introducing relative atomic mass and how it is calculated

• How mass spectra of elements can be used to calculate their relative atomic mass

Calculations relating to relative atomic mass




Ato

mic

Str

uct

ure


2015 7/23

Bonding and Intermolecular Forces Nature of bonding 14 slides

• Overview of the main types of bonding

Animation illustrating how ionic bonds form

Animation illustrating how ionic bonds are represented in ionic compounds

Animation illustrating how covalent bonds form

Animation illustrating how co-ordinate bonds form

Guide to compounds containing co-ordinate bonds

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to co-ordinate bonds

Animation illustrating how metallic bonds form

• Explaining variation in strength of metallic bonding

Matching types of bonding to their descriptions

Bond polarity 13 slides

• Electronegativity and factors affecting it

• Non-polar bonds

Animation illustrating how polar bonds occur

• Polarisation and degrees of ionic and covalent character

• Polar and non-polar molecules

Identifying polar and non-polar molecules

Intermolecular forces 14 slides

• Overview of types of intermolecular force

Animation illustrating how van der Waals forces form

• Strength of van der Waals forces

Animated graph illustrating the variation in boiling points of alkanes of increasing length

• Permanent dipole–dipole forces

Identifying molecules that exhibit permanent dipole–dipole forces

• Overview of hydrogen bonding

Animated graph illustrating the effect of hydrogen bonds on the boiling points of hydrides

Identifying molecules that exhibit hydrogen bonding or permanent dipole–dipole forces




Bon

din

g a

nd

In

term

ole

cula

r Fo

rces


2015 8/23

Chemical Calculations Balanced equations 9 slides

• Overview of balancing equations

Activity to balance unfamiliar equations

Activity to balance ionic equations

Activity to add state symbols to reactions

Reacting masses 7 slides

Guide to how reacting masses can be calculated

• Example reacting masses calculations

Calculations relating to reacting masses, including full working out

More calculations relating to reacting masses

Titrations 12 slides

• Overview of concentration

Worked examples of calculations relating to concentration, moles and volume

Calculations relating to concentration, including full working out

• Overview of standard solutions and titrations including an example titration calculation

Animation to create a standard solution, including detailed calculations

Virtual experiment on how to perform a titration

Calculations relating to titrations, including full working out

More calculations relating to titrations

Gas volume 8 slides

• Gas volumes in reactions and gas volume equations, including worked examples


Yield and atom economy 7 slides

• Theoretical yield and actual yield, and how to calculate percentage yield

• Atom economy and how to calculate it

Calculations relating to yield and atom economy, including full working out




Ch

emic

al C

alcu

lati

on

s


2015 9/23

Electron Configuration Energy levels 11 slides

• The Bohr model of the atom

• Ionisation energy

Matching equations to levels of ionisation energy

• Evidence for energy levels: successive ionisation energies

Animated graph illustrating the first ionisation energies of the first 54 elements

Identifying missing words relating to energy levels

Energy sub-levels 8 slides

• Evidence for energy sub-levels and an overview of the s, p, d and f sub-levels

Animation illustrating the relationship between principal energy levels and sub-levels

Interactive periodic table illustrating the location of s, p, d and f block elements

Ordering sub-levels in terms of energy

• The Aufbau principle

Electron configuration 9 slides

Animation illustrating how the electron configuration of an element can be determined

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to electron configuration

• Calculating the electron configuration of transition metals

Activity to calculate the electron configuration of any of the first 36 elements

• Calculating the electron configuration of ions

Activity to calculate the electron configuration of the ions of the first 30 elements

Orbitals and spin 10 slides

• Overview of electron orbitals

Guide to the 1s, 2s and 2p electron orbitals

• The Pauli exclusion principle and electron spin

• Hund’s rule, including supporting evidence

Activity to create electron spin diagrams of any of the first 30 elements



Identifying the sub-levels in the first four principal energy levels


Ele

ctro

n C

on

figu

rati

on


2015 10/23

Energetics Enthalpy change 12 slides

• Overview of enthalpy and enthalpy change

Animated enthalpy level diagram for exothermic reactions

Animated enthalpy level diagram for endothermic reactions

Identifying statements relating to endothermic and exothermic reactions

Guide to types of standard enthalpies

Identifying missing words relating to enthalpy

Calorimetry 9 slides

Virtual experiment investigating enthalpy of combustion

Virtual experiment investigating enthalpy of neutralisation

Animation illustrating how to calculate T from enthalpy change experiments

• Introducing the enthalpy change equation q=mcT

Worked examples of enthalpy change calculations

Calculations relating to enthalpy change, including full working out

Animation illustrating the bomb calorimeter

Hess’s law 8 slides

• Overview of Hess’s law

Animation illustrating how to calculate an enthalpy of reaction using Hess’s law

Calculations of enthalpies of reaction using Hess’s law, including full working out

Animation illustrating how to calculate an enthalpy of formation using Hess’s law

Calculations of enthalpies of formation using Hess’s law, including full working out

Bond enthalpies 8 slides

Animation illustrating enthalpy changes for making and breaking bonds

• Explanations of exothermic and endothermic reactions in terms of bonds

• Overview of mean bond enthalpy

Guide to calculating enthalpy change from mean bond enthalpies

Calculations of enthalpy change from mean bond enthalpies, including full working out




En

erget

ics


2015 11/23

Equilibria Equilibria and the equilibrium constant, Kc 12 slides

• Overview of reversible reactions and dynamic equilibria

• Rates of reaction and proportions of reactants at equilibrium

Identifying missing words relating to dynamic equilibria

• Introduction to the equilibrium constant and example calculation

Kc multiple-choice quiz

Le Chatelier’s principle 11 slides

• Overview of Le Chatelier’s principle.

Animation illustrating the effect of changing temperature on the equilibrium position

Virtual experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the equilibrium position

• Explaining the effect of changing concentrations of reactants on the equilibrium position

Virtual experiment investigating the effect of changing concentrations of reactants on the equilibrium position

Animation explaining the effect of changing gas pressure on the equilibrium position

Virtual experiment investigating the effect of changing gas pressure on the equilibrium position

• Catalysts and the equilibrium position

Identifying the effect of changing variables on the equilibrium position

Industrial equilibria 9 slides

• The production of ethanol from ethene

Animation explaining the need for compromise conditions for the hydration of ethene

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to the production of ethanol

• The production of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen

Animation explaining the need for compromise conditions for the formation of methanol

• Carbon neutral activities in industry

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to the production of methanol




Eq

uil

ibri

a


2015 12/23

Halogenoalkanes

Nomenclature 7 slides

• Overview of halogenoalkanes: general formula and nomenclature

Activity to identify the names of halogenoalkanes

• Primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes

Identifying primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkanes from their structures

Synthesis 7 slides

• Overview of methods for synthesising halogenoalkanes

Animation illustrating the free radical substitution reaction mechanism between chlorine and methane to form chloromethane

• Products of chain reactions involving the production of halogenoalkanes

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to free radical reactions

Nucleophilic substitution reactions 7 slides

• Polar bonds and nucleophiles

• Overview of nucleophilic substitution reactions

Animations illustrating the reaction mechanisms between a halogenoalkane and OH-, CN- and NH3

• Rate of nucleophilic substitution reactions and the strength of the carbon–halogen bond

Identifying missing words relating to nucleophilic substitution reactions

Elimination reactions 8 slides

• Overview of elimination reactions

Animation illustrating the reaction mechanism between a chloroalkane and OH-

• Elimination reaction products: positional isomers

• Factors favouring elimination or nucleophilic substitution: base strength, temperature and type of halogenoalkane

Identifying whether halogenoalkanes will undergo elimination or nucleophilic substitution depending on the reaction conditions

Hal

ogen

oal

kan

es


2015 13/23

CFCs and the ozone layer 8 slides

• Overview of CFCs and the ozone layer

• How CFCs cause destruction of ozone molecules

• The Montreal Protocol

Animation illustrating the reaction mechanism by which CFCs can destroy ozone molecules

Identifying true-or-false statements about CFCs and ozone




Hal

ogen

oal

kan

es


2015 14/23

Halogens Physical properties 8 slides

• Introduction to halogens

Identifying physical properties of halogens

• Explanation of trends in boiling points and electronegativities

• Overview of astatine

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to halogens

Chemical properties 17 slides

• Overview of reactions of halogens

Animation illustrating the reactions of halogens with iron

• Reactions of halogens with hydrogen

Animations illustrating the redox reactions of halogens with iron and hydrogen

Identifying missing words relating to the reactivity of halogens

Identifying whether displacement reactions will or will not take place

Identifying observations in displacement reactions

• Oxidising ability of halogens

Identifying oxidation and reduction in displacement reactions

Animations illustrating the reactions of chlorine with water and dilute sodium hydroxide

• Chlorine, water, bleach and the chlorate(I) ion

Balancing chemical equations involving chlorate(I) ions

Reactions of halide ions 16 slides

• Overview of halides

Virtual experiment investigating the test for halide ions

Matching silver halides to their test results

• Silver halides in photography

• Boiling points and reducing ability of hydrogen halides

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to halides

Virtual experiment investigating the reactions of sodium halides with sulfuric acid

Animations explaining the reactions of sodium halides with sulfuric acid

Calculating oxidation states

Identifying the products of reactions of sodium halides with sulfuric acid




Hal

ogen

s


2015 15/23

Introducing Organic Chemistry

Formulae and functional groups 12 slides

• Molecular, empirical, displayed and structural formulae

Matching the structural formula of compounds to their displayed formula

• Skeletal formulae

Guide to the different types of formulae of selected compounds

Guide to the functional groups of selected organic compounds

• Homologous series, functional groups and general formulae

Matching functional groups to the organic compound in which they appear

Naming compounds 10 slides

• Naming alcohols, alkenes, alkanes and halogenoalkanes

Naming and positional isomerism in alkenes

Naming branched alkanes

Identifying the name of the halogenoalkane

Structural isomerism 8 slides

• Overview of isomerism

• Chain isomerism, positional isomerism and functional group isomerism

Identifying the type of structural isomerism exhibited by pairs of compounds

Stereoisomerism 8 slides

• The C=C bond and cis–trans isomerism

• E–Z isomerism

• Optical isomerism

Identifying true-or-false statements about stereoisomerism

Intr

od

uci

ng O

rgan

ic C

hem

istr

y


2015 16/23

Reaction mechanisms 12 slides

• Introduction to reaction mechanisms

• Use of curly arrows to illustrate organic reaction

• Homolytic and heterolytic bond fission

• Radicals and forming covalent bonds





Intr

od

uci

ng O

rgan

ic C

hem

istr

y


2015 17/23

Kinetics Collision theory and Ea 18 slides

• Overview of collision theory

Animation illustrating activation energy

Animation introducing methods of measuring rate of reaction

• Effect of changing surface area on rate of reaction

Animated graph illustrating the effect of changing surface area on rate of reaction

Simulation illustrating the effect of concentration of reactants on rate of reaction

Animated graph illustrating the effect of concentration of reactants on rate of reaction

Simulation illustrating the effect of increased gas pressure on rate of reaction

Animated graph illustrating the effect of increased gas pressure on rate of reaction

Simulation illustrating the effect of changing temperature on particle speed and collisions

• Explaining the effect of changing temperature on rate of reaction

Animated graph illustrating the effect of temperature on rate of reaction

Identifying features of collision theory

Identifying factors that increase or decrease the rate of reaction

Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution 7 slides

Animation explaining the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution

Guide to the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution

Animation illustrating how changing temperature affects the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution

Identifying effects of increasing temperature

Catalysts 10 slides

Animated graph illustrating the effect of adding a catalyst on rate of reaction

Animation illustrating why a catalyst increases the rate of reaction

• Example of providing an alternative reaction pathway

Animation illustrating how adding a catalyst affects the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution

• Heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts

• Advantages of using catalysts

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to catalysts




Kin

etic

s


2015 18/23

Moles and Formulae Relative mass 7 slides

• The importance of calculating mass

• Relative atomic mass, relative molecular mass and relative formula mass

Activity to create your own substance and calculate its relative formula mass

Moles 12 slides

Animation introducing moles and Avogadro’s number

Example worked calculations relating to moles, mass and Ar/Mr

Calculations relating to moles, mass and Mr, including full working out

• Avogadro’s law, molar volumes and the ideal gas equation

Animations illustrating how the Mr of gases and volatile liquids can be determined

Worked examples of calculations relating to the ideal gas equation

Calculations relating to the ideal gas equation, including full working out

Types of formulae 8 slides

• The difference between empirical and molecular formulae

Animation illustrating how the empirical formula of magnesium oxide can be determined

Worked examples of calculations relating to empirical formulae

• Calculating molecular formulae

Calculations relating to empirical and molecular formulae, including full working out

Hydrated salts 10 slides

• Introduction to hydrated salts and water of crystallisation

• Methods of determining the empirical formulae of a hydrated salt

• Example mass composition calculation and percentage calculation

• Using experimental data to calculate the empirical formula of a hydrated salt





Mole

s an

d F

orm

ula

e


2015 19/23

Organic Synthesis

Practical techniques in organic synthesis 13 slides

• Introduction to key practical techniques

• Heating under reflux

• Distillation

Animation illustrating distillation technique

• Using a separating funnel and using drying agents

• The process of redistillation


Synthetic routes 17 slides

• Introduction to synthetic routes

• The use of synthetic routes in pharmaceuticals

• Identifying functional groups in organic molecules

• The properties and reactions of alkenes, halogenoalkanes and alcohols

• An example of devising synthetic routes



Org

anic

Syn

thes

is


2015 20/23

Redox Reactions

Oxidation and reduction 16 slides

Identifying true-or-false statements about redox reactions

• Overview of oxidation and reduction, and oxidising and reducing agents

Identifying oxidising and reducing agents from equations

Animation illustrating how to write and combine half equations

Balancing redox half equations

Combining half equations

Guide to the rules for assigning oxidation numbers

Matching elements to their oxidation states in different substances

• Changes in oxidation number

Identifying elements that are oxidized or reduced by changes in their oxidation states

Redox reactions 14 slides

Matching pairs of reagents to observations about their reactions

Animation illustrating displacement reactions as redox reactions

Identifying which elements in reactions have been oxidized, reduced or are spectator ions

• Redox reactions of metals with acids

• Disproportionation reactions

• Extracting metals

• Extraction of Copper

• Using carbon to extract metals from their ores

Animation illustrating the extraction of iron in the blast furnace

Animation illustrating the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis

Identifying redox reactions




Red

ox

Rea

ctio

ns


2015 21/23

Structure and Shape Types of crystals 8 slides

• Overview of types of crystals

Guide to the properties of ionic compounds

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to ionic crystals

Guide to the properties of metallic compounds

Identifying properties of ionic and metallic crystals

Identifying missing words relating to ionic and metallic crystals

Covalent structures 12 slides

• The structure of diamond

Animation illustrating the properties of diamond

• The structure of graphite

Animation illustrating the properties of graphite

Identifying properties of diamond and graphite

• Buckminsterfullerene and carbon nanotubes

• The structures of iodine and ice

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to covalent structures

Identifying missing words relating to covalent structures

Shapes of molecules 11 slides

• Bonding pairs and lone pairs

• Shapes of molecules in terms of bond lengths and bond angles

Guide to the basic shapes of molecules

• Effect of lone pairs on the shape of molecules

Guide to calculating the shapes of molecules

Calculations relating to the shapes of molecules

Animation illustrating the effect of lone pairs on bond angles

Identifying missing words relating to shapes of molecules

Identifying the name of different molecular shapes


Identifying the correct spelling of selected keywords in the presentation


Stru

ctu

re a

nd

Sh

ape


2015 22/23

Trends in Group 2 Physical properties 11 slides

Animated graph illustrating the trend in atomic radii

• Explanation of the trend in atomic radii

Animated graph of the trend in first ionisation energies

Animation explaining the trend in first ionisation energies

Animated graph illustrating the trend in melting points

• Explanation of the trend in melting points

Identifying missing words relating to physical properties of group 2 elements

Ordering group 2 elements by ionisation energy

Solubility 11 slides

Virtual experiment investigating the solubility of group 2 hydroxides

• Applications of group 2 hydroxides

Virtual experiment investigating the solubility of group 2 sulfates

Virtual experiment investigating the barium chloride test for sulfate ions

• Applications of group 2 sulfates

Matching group 2 compounds to their applications

Identifying missing words relating to group 2 hydroxides and sulfates

Chemical properties 17 slides

Virtual experiment investigating the reactions of group 2 metals with oxygen

• Overview and explanation of flame tests and the results

Identifying group 2 ions from flame colours

• Redox reactions of group 2 metals with oxygen and chlorine

Virtual experiment investigating the reaction of group 2 metals with water

• Redox reaction of group 2 metals with water

• Explanation of the trend in reactivity for group 2 metals

• Reaction of group 2 metal oxides with water

• Thermal decomposition and thermal stability of group 2 metal carbonates and nitrates

Identifying the products of reactions involving group 2 metals

Ordering group 2 metal carbonates by thermal stability




Tre

nd

s in

Gro

up

2


2015 23/23

Trends in Period 3 Atomic radius 12 slides

• Introduction to periodicity

• Overview of atomic radius

Animated graph illustrating the trend in atomic radii across period 3

• Explanation of the trend in atomic radii across period 3

Animation illustrating how shielding works

Ordering the period 3 elements by radius

Identifying true-or-false statements relating to atomic radii across period 3

First ionisation energy 10 slides

• Overview of ionisation energy

Animated graph illustrating the trend in first ionisation energies across period 3

• Exceptions to the trend in first ionisation energy

Identifying factors that are related to a higher or lower ionsation energy

Identifying missing words relating to ionisation energy

Melting and boiling points 10 slides

Animated graph illustrating the trends in melting and boiling points across period 3

• Trend in melting and boiling points for the metallic elements

• Structure of silicon

• Trend in melting and boiling points for the molecular elements

Guide to the structures and intermolecular forces of the molecular elements

Identifying which element of a pair has the highest melting point

Identifying missing words relating to melting point




Tre

nd

s in

Per

iod

3

Documents

Acids and Bases - Doddle · PDF fileAcids and Bases Definitions of acids ... Boardworks Year 1 and AS Chemistry Contents Guide ... Electron Configuration Energy levels 11 slides