Acids, Bases, and Solutions Chapter 7 Sections 1, 2 The Six Ss Solutions are well mixed mixtures where you usually cant see the individual parts. Examples: soda pop, glue Suspensions are mixtures where the individual parts can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration. Examples: different coins, sand in water Comparison of Solution, Suspension, And Colloid The Six Ss Solvents are the part of solutions that are in the largest amount, usually what are doing the dissolving. Solutes are the part of solutions that are in the smallest amount, usually what are being dissolved. Types of Solutions The Six Ss Solubility is the measure of how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. Saturation is the point at which no more solute can dissolve in the solvent. What happens to particles of a solute when a solution forms? In general, the particles of the solute leave each other and become surrounded by particles of the solvent. This can happen in one of two ways depending on if the solute is ionic (polar) or covalently (nonpolar) bonded. Remember this idea: like dissolves like. What happens to particles of a solute when a solution forms? Ionic (polar molecules)- positive and negative ions separate and are attracted to the positive and negative ends of the polar solvent molecules. Conduct electricity Polar solute dissolves in polar solvent What happens to particles of a solute when a solution forms? Covalent (nonpolar molecules)- individual molecules separate and are surrounded by the solvent molecules. Do not conduct electricity Nonpolar solute dissolves in nonpolar solvent Concentration The amount of one material in a certain volume of another material, or the amount of solute in total amount of solution Dilute solution- add half the pack of Kool-Aid mix Concentrated solution- add two packs of Kool-Aid mix Solubility Unsaturated - more solute can be added and dissolved Saturated - no more solute can be added or dissolved Changes with temperature Solids are more soluble at higher temp Gases are less soluble at higher temp Changes with pressure Changes with type of solvent Based on concentration and polarity of solvent Solutes affect solutions When a solute is added to a solvent it can: Lower freezing point- solution must get colder to freeze Raise boiling point- solution must get hotter to boil Solute lowers freezing point Liquid water solution Solid (frozen) water