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ACIDS & BASESEquilibria - Intro

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Intro to Acids & Bases:ACIDS BASES

Taste Sour Taste Bitter

Conduct electricity Conduct electricity

Reacts with Mg & Zn toproduce H2 Slippery to touch

Reacts with OH- to makesalt & H2O

Reacts with acids tomake salt & H2O

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Definitions of Acids & Bases:

Arrhenius Acids & Bases:

Acid: produces H+ ions in water

HCl H+ + Cl-

Base: produces OH- ions in water

NaOH Na+ + OH-

H

Cl

OHNa

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Bronsted-Lowry Acids & Bases:

Acid:

Donates H+ ions

Base:

Accepts H+ ions

ACID BASE

Hydronium

Ionmakes acidic

HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-

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Accepted

H+ ionDonated

H+ ion

BASE ACID

NH3

+ H2O NH

4+ + OH-

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Water can act like a ACID or a BASE

Is called amphoteric

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Accepted

H+ ion

Donated

H+ ion

BASE Conjugate

ACID

CO32- + H2O OH

- +H2CO3

Accepted

H+ ion

Donated

H+ ion

Conjugate

BASEACID

Conjugate

Acid Base

Pair

Conjugate

Acid Base

Pair

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Identify the acid & base

ACID

BASE

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Strength vs Concentration A highly concentrated acid -

has a high [H+] or [H3O+] per litre

A strong acid - transfers ALL H+ to H2O to form H3O

+

reacts completely

ex. HCl

A weak acid -

does not transfer all H+ to H2O

ex. CH3COOH

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A highly concentrated base-

has a high [OH-] per litre

A strong base -

has a high affinity for H+ ions

ex. NaOH, OH-, Ca(OH)2

A weak base -

has a low affinity for H+ ions

ex. NH3

Strength vs Concentration

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