1

PROSES LUMPUR AKTIF

ACTIVATED SLUDGE

PROCESS

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

DOMESTIC WASTEWATER

2

O U T L I N E

INTRODUCTION

CHARACTERISTICS AND PRETREATMENT OF WASTEWATER

PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION

3

INTRODUCTION

4

TARGET PENGOLAHAN

Change in target

More stringent in environmental regulation

Water reuse/recycle/reclamation

Waste to resources

Rethinking design approach in activated sludge process

Must consider process design and/or operational parameter control

5

EQUALIZATION PRETREATMENTACTIVATED

SLUDGE AERATION

FINAL CLARIFIER

Flow equalization

Load equalization

Toxics control

Neutralization (pH adjustment)

Suspended solids removal

Oil and Grease removal

Heavy metals

Organic toxics

Solids flux

Effluent suspended solids control

Sludge bulking control

BOD, COD removal

Nutrient requirement

Sludge production

Oxygen requirement

Temperature consideration

Off -gas emission

Nitrification & Denitrification

Toxic removal

6

EQUALIZATION

Influent quality must be defined through load and flow equalization

Effect of fluctuation in temperature, salinity, & toxic chemical need to be controlled by equalization and/or spill basin

Extreme wastewater must be released slowly from spill basin to activated sludge aeration chamber

7

PRETREATMENT

pH control by neutralization

Oil and grease removal

Heavy metal removal

Toxic organic

Suspended solid removal

Must be designed to able to handle a range wastewater characteristics that are not compatible with optimal performance of the activated sludge process

8

The Reasons of Pretreatment

Toxic organic

Suspended solid

Heavy metal

Low biodegradability

Avoid high metal content in the

wasted- sludge

Reduce the active biomass content of the activated sludge

Render the wasted -sludge more difficult to thicken and dewater

9

EFFLUENT QUALITY

atau

F / M ratio

SRT Sludge Retention Time

Food to microorganism ratio

10

SLUDGE PRODUCTION & OXYGEN REQUIREMENT

Depend on wastewater characteristic and SRT

May be nutrients deficiency: must be added N and/or P sources

11

SLUDGE PRODUCTION & OXYGEN REQUIREMENT

Depend on wastewater characteristic and SRT

Organotrph : may be N and/or P deficiency

Nitrification Denitrification : : may be COD deficiency

COD : N : P ratio

Organotroph / heterotroph : 100 : 5 : 1

Nitrification Denitrification : 100 : 25 : 1

12

SLUDGE QUALITY CONTROL

Plug -flow

Selector

Readily biodegradable wastewater:food industry

promote growth of filamentous organism resulting in sludge bulking

Process Modification

13

OTHER CONSIDERATION

Low Temperature under cold weather

High Temperature coming from previous process condition

pH extreme

Organic toxics

14

CHARACTERISTICS AND PRETREATMENT OF WASTEWATER

15

BIODEGRADABILITY & MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

Nontoxic aliphatic compounds:

R-COOH

R-COO-R

R-OH

HCOOC-R-COOH

Mudah didegradasi

Dicarboxylic membutuhkanaklimatisasi lebih lama daripadasingle carboxyl

R-R=O atau R=R Moderately degradable & slow to acclimate

Halogenated compounds (R -X)

Biodegradability decrease with increasing degree of halogen substitution

Amino group (R -NH2) atau hydroxyl (R -OH)

Primary > secondary > tertiary

16

CONCENTRATION OF PULLUTANTS

Suspended Solids < 50 125 mg/L

Oil & Grease < 35 50 mg/L

Toxic ions

Pb

Cu + Ni + CN

Cr6+ + Zn

Cr3+

pH 6 9

Alkalinity 0,5 mg as CaCO3 per mg BOD

Sulfides < 100 mg/L

Phenol < 70 300 mg/L

Ammonia < 500 mg/L

Dissolved salts < 10000 16000 mg/L

Temperature 13 38 C

17

PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION

18

Bulking sludgeDisebabkan oleh pertumbuhan

Floc bacteri menurun

densitasnya sehingga tidak

mudah mengendap

Microthrix Parvicella

A Filamentous Bacteria Growing with Floc

19

Bulking sludge

Fluktuasi flow rate

pH

Temperatur

Kandungan nutrisi (Ammonia)

Kapasitas aerator

Ukuran clarifier

Kapasitas pompa return sludge

Short circuting

20

Pembentukan filamentous

Kadar oksigen di aeration pit < 1 mg/L

Nutrisi tidak cukup nitrogen & phosphorus, juga trace element.

Kandungan organik terlalu bervariasi

Rasio F/M

Soluble BOD 5

21

Beggiatoa

Beggiatoa , bakteri filamenyang mengoksidasi H2S.

22

Thiothrix

23

Rising Sludge

24

Nocardia Foam

Foaming berwarna coklat di permukaan aeration pit & sedimentation pit oleh Nocardia genus.

Nocardia-like Filamentous Bacteria in Activated

Sludge Foam (Gram stained preparation)

Nocardia, Type 1863

25

Nocardia Foam