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Active ageing index at a municipality-level in
western Finland: results from GERDA
Fredrica Nyqvist1, Mikael Nygård1, Fredrik
Snellman2
1. Åbo Akademi University, Social Policy Unit, Finland
2. Umeå University, Department of Social Work, Sweden
Work in progress. Please do not cite
GERDA GErontological Research Database
Health and living conditions of
older adults in the Bothnia region
Structured interviews and assessments (85+)
Postal questionnaire (65, 70, 75, 80, 85)
Postal questionnaire, themes of
interest Background data
Social contacts, social support
Activities, interests, voluntary work
Views of ageing (attitudes, discrimination)
Political engagement, participation in associations
Health and diseases
Economy, autonomy and dependency
Well-being, crisis, loneliness
GERDA GErontological Regional DAtabase
2005 (65 and 75)
n=2560/1825 (71%)
2010 (65, 70, 75 and 80)
n=5425/3779 (70%)
Repeated cross-sectional
2016 (65, 70, 75, 80, 85)
n=4375/6222 (71%)
Cross-sectional,
longitudinal
2005 (65 and 75)
n=2323/1547 (67%)
2010 (65, 70, 75 and 80)
n=5271/3059 (58%)
Repeated cross-sectional
2016 (65, 70, 75, 80, 85)
n=5011/8583 (58%)
Cross-sectional,
longitudinal
Also Seinäjoki region
included
Österbotten/Pohjanmaa: bilingual region
52% Swedish-speakers, 48% Finnish-speakers
16 municipalities: 3 unilingual Finnish, 2 bilingual with
Finnish as the majority language, 11 bilingual with Swedish
as the majority language
E.g. Larsmo municipality (92%, n=2765, Swedish-speakers,
Seinäjoki (0.2%, n=125, Swedish-speakers)
Aim
To assess the AAI-EU methodology on older people in
Finland by using survey data collected in western Finland in
2016
RQ1. What measurements of active ageing can be applied at
municipality level in western Finland based on survey data?
RQ2. Are there differences in active ageing between unilingual
(solely Finnish-speakers) and bilingual municipalities (both
Finnish- and Swedish-speakers) in western Finland?’
RQ3. Are there differences in active ageing on an individual-
level between Swedish- and Finnish-speakers?
RQ4. Are there gender differences in active ageing?
Methods
Corresponding to the AAI-EU instruments as closely as
possible
Covered four domains: employment; participation in society;
independent healthy and secure living; capacity and enabling environment for
active ageing
Reduced the weights for the employment domain (35
10%)
Results
RQ1. What measurements
of active ageing can be
applied at municipality level
in western Finland based on
survey data?
Identical indicator (++), although the data
source is different, the measure is
identical;
Close indicator (+), close content although
the measures are different;
Alternative indicator (0), due to missing
indicator, proxy measures from GERDA
has been used;
Excluded indicator (-), due to missing
indicator in GERDA.
Table 1. Indicator selection for the AAI-Western Finland.
Domain indicator AAI-EU Domain indicator AAI-Western
Finland
(data source: GERDA, 2016)
Identical (++), Close
(+), alternative
indicator (0) or
excluded (-) due to
missing indicator
1. Employment 1. Employment
1.1 Employment rate 55-59 1.1 Employment rate 65 +
1.2 Employment rate 60-64 1.2 Employment rate 70 +
1.3 Employment rate 65-69 1.3 Employment rate 75 +
1.4 Employment rate 70-74 1.4 Employment rate 80, 85 +
2.Participation in society 2.Participation in society
2.1 Voluntary work 2.1 Voluntary work +
2.2Providing care to children,
grandchildren
2.2 Providing informal care to
children, grandchildren
+
2.3 Providing care to older
adults
2.3 Providing informal care to
older adults
+
2.4 Political participation 2.4 Political participation +
3.Independent and healthy
living
3.Independent and healthy
living
3.1Physical exercise 3.1 Physical exercise +
3.2 Access to health care 3.2 Confidence in health care 0
3.3 Living independently 3.3 Living independently +
3.4 Financial security: relative
median income
-
3.5 Financial security: no
poverty risk for older persons
3.5 Financial security: high
income (>1000 €)
0
3.6 Financial security: no
severe material deprivation for
older person
3.6 Financial security: getting
by economically
0
3.7 Physical safety 3.7 Physical safety +
3.8 Lifelong learning 3.8 Lifelong learning 0
4.Capacity and enabling
environment for active and
healthy ageing
4.Capacity and enabling
environment for active and
healthy ageing
4.1 Remaining life expectancy
at age 55
-
4.2 Share of healthy life
expectancy at age 55
4.2. Self-reported good health 0
4.3 Mental well-being 4.3. Absence of depressive
symptoms
0
4.4 Use of ICT 4.4 Use of ICT +
4.5 Social connectedness 4.5 Social connectedness +
4.6 Educational attainment 4.6 Educational attainment +
Note: identical indicator (++), although the data source is different, the measure is identical; Close
indicator (+), close content although the measures are different; Alternative indicator (0), due to
missing indicator, proxy measures from GERDA has been used; Excluded indicator (-), due to
missing indicator in GERDA.
RQ2. Are there differences in active
ageing between unilingual (solely
Finnish-speakers) and bilingual
municipalities (both Finnish- and
Swedish-speakers) in western
Finland?
RQ4. Are there gender differences
in active ageing?
Municipality Employment Participation
in society
Independent
and healthy
living
Capacity and
enabling
environment
Overall
AAI
Overall
AAI
Overall
AAI
Overall
AAI
ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL Men Women Gender
gap
Malaxa 7.3 26.5 75.0 74.5 44.6 45.8 36.8 -9.0
Korsholma 4.8 25.0 76.2 72.6 43.2 44.7 35.1 -9.6
Pedersörea 3.6 25.7 73.6 71.3 42.8 41.8 37.3 -4.5
Kronobya 4.6 25.8 72.7 71.1 42.8 44.7 34.7 -9.9
Nykarlebya 7.4 24.0 74.7 71.2 42.5 44.3 34.4 -9.8
Vöråa 6.5 23.6 73.9 70.8 42.0 42.5 34.7 -7.8
Korsnäsa 6.5 22.3 75.2 71.4 41.7 39.8 36.0 -3.9
Larsmoa 6.6 22.1 74.7 70.1 41.2 42.9 32.4 -10.5
Vaasab 4.9 21.6 72.1 72.8 41.1 41.6 34.1 -7.5
Närpesa 6.5 21.7 75.6 69.4 40.9 41.9 32.3 -9.7
Isokyröc 3.7 21.4 75.8 70.4 40.8 40.6 33.5 -7.1
Laihiac 4.8 20.0 73.6 71.8 40.3 41.0 32.3 -8.7
Kaskinenb 3.6 18.7 76.3 72.5 40.1 35.6 34.8 -0.9
Jakobstada 3.9 20.8 71.8 70.6 40.0 40.5 32.8 -7.7
Kristinestada 5.2 18.5 74.1 69.7 39.1 41.4 29.2 -12.2
Seinäjokic 4.0 17.2 74.7 70.4 38.6 38.8 30.7 -8.1
Note: a. Malax, Korsholm, Pedersöre, Kronoby, Nykarleby, Vörå, Korsnäs, Larsmo, Närpes and
Jakobstad - bilingual municipalities with Swedish as the first language; b. Vaasa and Kaskinen -
bilingual municipalities with Finnish as the first language; c. Isokyrö, Laihia and Seinäjoki - unilingual
Finnish municipalities
RQ3. Are there differences in
active ageing on an individual-
level between Swedish- and
Finnish-speakers?
Language
groups Employment
Participation
in society
Independent
and healthy
living
Capacity and
enabling
environment
ALL Men Women Gender
gap
Swedish 5.4 25.7 74.1 72.5 43.4 44.2 42.6 -1.7
Finnish 4.3 17.8 73.5 70.8 38.8 39.1 38.7 -0.4
Domain score and overall AAI score for Swedish- and Finnish-speakers in Western Finland.
Language
groups
Voluntary
activities
Care to children,
grandchildren
Care to older
adults
Political
participation
Swedish 33.3 4.7 13.4 61.1
Finnish 24.5 2.4 9.8 40.5
Indicator score for the participation in society domain according to language groups.
Discussion
Regional AAI could be calculated, although comparability is
limited
Bilingual municipalities with Swedish as the first language
ranked in general higher
Swedish-speakers ranked higher
Women ranked lower on the AAI, different pattern when
looking at the indicators separately
Discussion
AAI do not capture preferred activities, e.g informal
caregiving
Higher values do not always indicate better ageing
outcome
Knowledge on active ageing in minority/majority contexts
To be used in policy making?
