Activities of Water Environment Management by …...Pollution means any direct or indirect alteration, effect of the physical, thermal, chemical or biological properties of any part

Daw Khin Thida TinDirector

Environmental Conservation DepartmentYangon Region

Activities of Water Environment

Management by Yangon Regional

ECD

Outlines

Background

Environmental Policy and Legislation for Water Environment

Management

Activities of Water Environment Management by Yangon

Regional ECD

Control Measures for Water Pollution

Conclusion

Myanmar has been facing considerable challenges in water pollution due to

urbanization, population growth, special economic zone development, increasing

domestic and foreign investments in the industrial and development sectors.

Proper Management for Water Pollution is one of the main concerns for the

development and also environmental management.

In the Hlaing River of Yangon, the problem of various water discharged manner

from industrial zones is one of the most important problems to protect water quality

and water environment.

The different water discharged manners from industrial zones could be able to

cause the changes of water quality and water environment in Hlaing River.

It is being crucial to investigate the effects of different water discharged manner

in the Hlaing River.

The water quality survey the Hlaing River basin was conducted as one of

activities of Water Environment Management and EIA System.

Background

Sustainable Development: Social, Economic and Environment

Economic

EnvironmentSocial

Sustainable Development

Pollution means any direct or indirect alteration, effect of the

physical, thermal, chemical or biological properties of any part of

the environment including land, water and atmosphere by

discharging, emitting or depositing environmental hazardous

substances, pollutants or wastes so as to affect beneficial use of

environment, or to affect public health, safety or welfare, or

animals and plants or to contravene any condition, limitation or

prohibition contained in the prior permission issued under

Environmental Conservation Law. (Ref: Article - 2 Environmental

Conservation Law, 2012)

Pollution means……..

Duties of State and the People for Environmental

Conservation

Sec. 45

The Union shall protect and conserve natural environment

Sec. 390 (b)

Every citizen has the duty to assists the Union carrying

out the environmental conservation

What is mentioned for Environmental Conservation in 2008 Constitution Law …..?

Environmental Policy and Legislation for Water Environment Management

National Environmental Policy

Water Management and Myanmar Agenda 21, 1997

Water Management and National Sustainable Development

Strategy 2009

Regulations related Environmental Conservation

• Environmental Conservation Law (2012)

• Environmental Conservation Rules (2014)

• Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure (2015)

• National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines

(2015)

The policy was proclaimed through the Gazette in accordance

with Notification No. 26/ 94 dated 5 December 1994, of the

Government of the Union of Myanmar.

The objective of Myanmar's environment policy is aimed at

achieving harmony and balance between these through the

integration of environmental considerations into the

development process to enhance the quality of life of all its

citizens.

Environmental protection should always be the primary

objective in seeking “development”.

National Environmental Policy

Myanmar Agenda 21(1997), CHAPTER 10

Environmental Quality Management and Enhancement

Strengthen the comprehensive water quality management

programme

Water Management and Myanmar Agenda 21, 1997

Objectives

Develop an appropriate infrastructure support system

including the establishment of a Water Authority responsible

for water quality management and human resources

development.

Identifying the most polluting sources and encourage and

assist them in adopting cleaner technological processes.

Promote self regulation by polluters through the application

of polluter pays principle and economic instruments.

Water Management and Myanmar Agenda 21, 1997 (Contd;)

Objectives (Contd.)

Enact a clean water law to address pollution prevention and

control activities.

Promote institutional and management mechanisms for water

quality management

Develop water quality criteria / guidelines

Develop waste treatment facilities

Water Management and Myanmar Agenda 21, 1997 (Contd;)

Environmental Quality Management and Enhancement

Objective:

To promote proper water quality

Enact the drafted Myanmar Environmental Protection Law.

Apply polluter pays principle.

Fix a rate to pay as pricing of water encourages greater

efficiency.

Water Management and National Sustainable Development Strategy 2009

Strengthen sewage system management and sewage treatment

for domestic wastes, especially in big cities.

Introduce water treatment and recycling system, using available

technologies, for urban water supply especially in big cities.

Promote water quality management.

Enforce the 2006 Conservation of Water Resources and Rivers

Law.

Water Management and National Sustainable Development Strategy 2009 (Contd;)

Cooperate in carrying out River Water Qualities for ASEAN

countries. Activities to be completed within 10 years including

on‐going ones;

Enact a clean water law.

The government together with academics, and relevant scientific

organizations, need to formulate a strategy and action plan to

address the water related issues.

Water Management and National Sustainable Development Strategy 2009 (Contd;)

Article 7. Duties and Powers relating to the Environmental

Conservation of the Ministry

(c) laying down, carrying out and monitoring programmes for

conservation and enhancement of the environment, and for

conservation, control and abatement not to cause environmental

pollution;

(d) prescribing environmental quality standards including standards

on emissions, effluents, solid wastes, production procedures,

processes and products for conservation and enhancement of

environmental quality;

Environmental Conservation Law (2012)related to Water Management

Article 10.Stipulate the following environmental quality standards:(a) suitable surface water quality standards for the usage in rivers,

streams, canals, springs, marshes, swamps, lakes, reservoirsand other inland water sources of the public;

(b) water quality standards for coastal and estuarine areas;(c) underground water quality standards;(d) atmospheric quality standards;(e) noise and vibration standards;(f) emission standards;(g) effluent standards;(h) solid waste standards;(i) other environmental quality standards stipulated by the Union

Government.


Article 14.

A person causing a point source of pollution shall treat,emit, discharge and deposit the substances which causepollution in the environment in accord with stipulatedenvironmental quality standards.

Article 15.

The owner or occupier of any business, material or placewhich causes a point source of pollution shall install or usean on-site facility or controlling equipment in order tomonitor, control, manage, reduce or eliminate environmentalpollution. If it is impracticable, it shall be arranged todispose the wastes in accord with environmentally soundmethods.


Article 16. Industrial estate & SEZ: Responsible to contribute

payment and to follow directives for environmental conservation.

Article 17. The Ministry shall, for the management of urban

environment, advise as may be necessary to the relevant

Government departments and Government organizations, private

organizations and individuals in carrying out the following matters

in accord with the

guidance laid down by the Committee:

(e) pollution control including land, water, air and noise pollution;

(f) other necessary environmental management.


Conservation of Natural Resources and Cultural Heritages

Article18. The relevant Government departments and Government

organizations shall, in accord with the guidance of the Union

Government and the Committee, carry out the conservation,

management, beneficial use, sustainable use and enhancement of

regional cooperation of the following environmental natural

resources:

(c) fresh water resources including underground water;


The Project for Capacity Development in Basic Water Environment

Management and EIA System in Myanmar

Cooperation with JICA

Water Quality Monitoring Program in Myanmar

Cooperation with University of Seoul

International Cooperation for Water Environment Management in Yangon

The Project for Capacity Development in Basic Water Environment

Management and EIA System in Myanmar

Cooperation with JICA Technical Cooperation with Social-Environmental AssociatedMyanmar Cooperation with Yangon City Development Committee Project Duration – 3 years (2015 – 2018) Water quality were collected fives times along Hlaing river, PanHlaing rivers and Kkowa river and Pollution sources surveys werecollected near Industrial zones The project had been implemented with six outputs. Among thesix outputs, four outputs are implemented for water environmentalmanagement. The four outputs are the following;

Output (1): Inspection

Output (2): Water Quality Survey

Output (3): Database

Output (4): Information Interpretation

Project Area in Yangon

Water Quality Surveys along Hlaing River, Pan HlaingRiver and Kkkowa river

Survey Parameters which were measured by JICA

All Points (On-site Measurement)

Water depth, pH, EC, Salinity, turbidity, water temperature,ORP, DO

Basic points

TSS, BOD, COD, cyanide, oil and grease, phenols, totalphosphorus, total nitrogen

Representative points

Arsenic, copper, total mercury, cadmium, lead, total coliform

Only one or two points

Pesticides

Water Quality Survey in Myanmar

Cooperation with University of Seoul

Project area in Yangon

Cooperation with University of Seoul for Water Quality Survey

in Hlaing River, Bago River and Yangon River

Standard Parameters

Suspended Solid, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Organic

Carbon, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, Total

Phosphorous

Heavy Metals

Aluminum, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Boron,

Zinc, Chromium, Copper, Molybdenum, Mercury

Analysis Results of Hlaing River, Yangon River and Bago River

On-site measurement results

Sampling site

Suspended Solid (SS) & COD

Laboratory Results

Total organic carbon (TOC) &

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg)

Total Nitrogen (TN) & Total Phosphorus (TP)

Manganese (Mg), Boron (B), Zinc (Zn)

Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Molybdenum (Mo)

Mercury (Hg)

Water Quality Survey along Hlaing River

Control Measures for

Water Pollution

Regulations & EQS

Capacity Building

Monitoring

Coordination


• Changing pollution behavior, EducationPersuasion

• Formulation the regulations for reducing the pollution

Regulations

• Reward behavior that reduce pollution (e.g – tax incentives)

Incentives


Conclusion

Water management will be the big issue causing pollution and

health problems due to limited facilities, lack of technologies,

increasing population and industries.

Preventive measures will be needed to implement for our

citizen’s health and the environment against the adverse

effects.

Myanmar has to take into account the international best

practices and experiences to formulate the regulations for

water management.

Documents

Activities of Water Environment Management by …...Pollution means any direct or indirect alteration, effect of the physical, thermal, chemical or biological properties of any part