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Activity
4.15 Charting the ActionSUGGESTED LEarninG STraTEGiES: Discussion Groups, Graphic Organizer, Marking the text, Notetaking, Oral interpretation, Scanning
The word chorus has multiple meanings. add details to the graphic organizer to show how chorus functions in the texts listed in the circles.
AcADeMic vOcABulAry
in traditional or classic drama, the chorus is a group of performers who speak as one and comment on the action of the play.
in a song
in a musical production
in an Elizabethan drama like Romeo
and Juliet
in vocal music in a Greek tragedy
Chorus
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read the opening scene from Antigone through the Second Ode, which ends at line 423.
as you read, focus on the dramatic, emotional nature of the dialogue. Take notes on different aspects of the play, keeping in mind the elements of Greek tragedy as well as character intent and emotion, which you will incorporate in your performance later in this unit.
For this scene, your teacher will assign parts. read aloud with appropriate vocal inflection. antigone and ismene in the opening scene, and then Creon and the Guard in the second scene, use a convention called stichomythiaâfast-paced alternating dialogue. if you are playing one of those characters, practice this convention as you read and incorporate appropriate gestures with your lines.
if you are assigned to the Chorus, practice moving and chanting as you read. While reading Strophe 1, the Chorus should chant and âdanceâ across to the right, and while chanting antistrophe 2, dance back to the left. The point is to practice with multiple voices to understand the choral nature of the speeches.
Character Adjectives to Describe the Character
Quotes that Show Character Intent or
Emotion
Is the character involved in an issue of justice? Explain.
Antigone
ismene
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A b o u t t h E A u t h o r
Few records exist that can tell the story of the life of Sophocles (c. 496 B.C.â 406 B.C.), one of the great playwrights of the golden age of ancient Greece. He spent his life in the historically and politically important city-state of athens, where he benefited from family wealth, good social connections, an excellent education, a winning personality, and a talent for writing plays that perfectly captured the spirit of his time and place. Sophocles is credited with several innovations to the dramatic form. increasing the number of characters in a play, for example, allowed him to make the plots more complex and interesting to audiences. By focusing on charactersâ fatal flaws, poor decisions, and moral dilemmas, he created suspenseful plays that also evoked audiencesâ sympathies.
D r a m a
by Sophocles
ANTIGONE:âdaughterâofâOedipus.
ISMENE:âdaughterâofâOedipus,âsisterâofâAntigone
CREON:âkingâofâThebes
EURYDICE:âwifeâofâCreon
HAEMON:âsonâofâCreonâandâEurydice,âengagedâtoâAntigone
TEIRESIAS:âanâoldâblindâprophet
BOY:âaâyoungâladâguidingâTeiresias
GUARD:âaâsoldierâservingâCreon
MESSENGER
CHORUS:âThebanâElders
ATTENDANTS
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[Thebes1, in front of the palace, which stands in the background, its main doors facing the audience. Enter Antigone leading Ismene away from the palace]
ANTIGONEâ Now,âdearâIsmene,âmyâownâbloodâsister,doâyouâhaveâanyâsenseâofâallâtheâtroublesZeusâkeepsâbringingâonâtheâtwoâofâus,asâlongâasâweâreâalive?âAllâthatâmiserywhichâstemsâfromâOedipus?âThereâsânoâsuffering,noâshame,ânoâruinânotâoneâdishonourâwhichâIâhaveânotâseenâinâallâtheâtroublesyouâandâIâgoâthrough.âWhatâsâthisâtheyâreâsayingânow,somethingâourâgeneralâhasâhadâproclaimedthroughoutâtheâcity?âDoâyouâknowâofâit?Haveâyouâheard?âOrâhaveâyouâjustâmissedâtheânews?Dishonoursâwhichâbetterâfitâourâenemiesareânowâbeingâpiledâupâonâtheâonesâweâlove.â
ISMENEâ Iâveâhadânoâwordâatâall,âAntigone,nothingâgoodâorâbadâaboutâourâfamily,notâsinceâweâtwoâlostâbothâourâbrothers,killedâonâtheâsameâdayâbyâaâdoubleâblow.AndâsinceâtheâArgive2âarmy,âjustâlastânight,hasâgoneâaway,âIâdonâtâknowâanyâmoreifâIâveâbeenâluckyâorâfaceâtotalâruin.
ANTIGONEâ Iâknowâthat.âThatâsâwhyâIâbroughtâyouâhere,outsideâtheâgates,âsoâonlyâyouâcanâhear.
ISMENEâ Whatâisâit?âTheâwayâyouâlookâmakesâitâseemyouâreâthinkingâofâsomeâdarkâandâgloomyânews.
ANTIGONEâ LookâwhatâsâCreonâdoingâwithâourâtwoâbrothers?Heâsâhonouringâoneâwithâaâfullâfuneralandâtreatingâtheâotherâoneâdisgracefully!Eteocles,âtheyâsay,âhasâhadâhisâburialaccordingâtoâourâcustomaryârites,toâwinâhimâhonourâwithâtheâdeadâbelow.ButâasâforâPolyneices,âwhoâperishedsoâmiserably,âanâorderâhasâgoneâoutthroughoutâtheâcityâthatâsâwhatâpeopleâsay.Heâsâtoâhaveânoâfuneralâorâlament,butâtoâbeâleftâunburiedâandâunwept,aâsweetâtreasure3âforâtheâbirdsâtoâlookâat,forâthemâtoâfeedâonâtoâtheirâheartâsâcontent.ThatâsâwhatâpeopleâsayâtheânobleâCreonhasâannouncedâtoâyouâandâmeâIâmeanâtoâmeâ
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1 Thebes:âcapitalâcityâofâancientâEgypt 2 Argive army:ârefersâtoâtheâcityâofâArgos,âwhereâPolyneicesâraisedâanâarmyâtoâfightâhisâbrotherâEteoclesâforâtheâthrone 3 sweet treasure:ârefersâtoâPolyneicesââbodyâleftâunburied,âwhichâbirdsâandâotherâcreaturesâwillâgorgeâon
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andânowâheâsâcomingâtoâproclaimâtheâfact,toâstateâitâclearlyâtoâthoseâwhoâhaveânotâheard.ForâCreonâthisâmatterâsâreallyâserious.Anyoneâwhoâactsâagainstâtheâorderwillâbeâstonedâtoâdeathâbeforeâtheâcity.Nowâyouâknow,âandâyouâllâquicklyâdemonstratewhetherâyouâareânoblyâborn,âorâelseaâgirlâunworthyâofâherâsplendidâancestors.
ISMENEâ Ohâmyâpoorâsister,âifâthatâsâwhatâsâhappening,whatâcanâIâsayâthatâwouldâbeâanyâhelptoâeaseâtheâsituationâorâresolveâit?â
ANTIGONEâ Thinkâwhetherâyouâwillâworkâwithâmeâinâthisandâactâtogether.
ISMENEâ â Inâwhatâkindâofâwork?Whatâdoâyouâmean?
ANTIGONEâ â WillâyouâhelpâtheseâhandstakeâupâPolyneicesââcorpseâandâburyâit?
ISMENEâ What?âYouâreâgoingâtoâburyâPolyneices,whenâthatâsâbeenâmadeâaâcrimeâforâallâinâThebes?
ANTIGONEâ Yes.âIâllâdoâmyâdutyâtoâmyâbrotherâandâyoursâasâwell,âifâyouâreânotâpreparedâto.Iâwonâtâbeâcaughtâbetrayingâhim.
ISMENEâ â Youâreâtooârash.HasâCreonânotâexpresslyâbannedâthatâact?
ANTIGONEâ Yes.âButâheâsânoârightâtoâkeepâmeâfromâwhatâsâmine.
ISMENEâ Oâdear.âThink,âAntigone.âConsiderhowâourâfatherâdied,âhatedâandâdisgraced,whenâthoseâmistakesâwhichâhisâownâsearchârevealedforcedâhimâtoâturnâhisâhandâagainstâhimselfandâstabâoutâbothâhisâeyes.âThenâthatâwoman,hisâmotherâandâhisâwifeâherâdoubleâroleâdestroyedâherâownâlifeâinâaâtwistedânoose.Thenâthereâsâourâownâtwoâbrothers,âbothâbutcheredinâaâsingleâdayâthatâill-fatedâpairwithâtheirâownâhandsâslaughteredâoneâanotherandâbroughtâaboutâtheirâcommonâdoom.Now,âtheâtwoâofâusâareâleftâhereâquiteâalone.Thinkâhowâweâllâdieâfarâworseâthanâallâtheârest,âifâweâdefyâtheâlawâandâmoveâagainsttheâkingâsâdecree4,âagainstâhisâroyalâpower.Weâmustârememberâthatâbyâbirthâweâreâwomen,
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and,âasâsuch,âweâshouldnâtâfightâwithâmen.Sinceâthoseâwhoâruleâareâmuchâmoreâpowerful,weâmustâobeyâinâthisâandâinâeventswhichâbringâusâevenâharsherâagonies.SoâIâllâaskâthoseâundergroundâforâpardonâsinceâIâmâbeingâcompelled,âIâwillâobeythoseâinâcontrol.âThatâsâwhatâIâmâforcedâtoâdo.Itâmakesânoâsenseâtoâtryâtoâdoâtooâmuch.
ANTIGONEâ Iâwouldnâtâurgeâyouâto.âNo.âNotâevenifâyouâwereâkeenâtoâact.âDoingâthisâwithâyouwouldâbringâmeânoâjoy.âSoâbeâwhatâyouâwant.Iâllâstillâburyâhim.âItâwouldâbeâfineâtoâdiewhileâdoingâthat.âIâllâlieâthereâwithâhim,withâaâmanâIâlove,âpureâandâinnocent,forâallâmyâcrime.âMyâhonoursâforâtheâdeadmustâlastâmuchâlongerâthanâforâthoseâupâhere.Iâllâlieâdownâthereâforever.âAsâforâyou,well,âifâyouâwish,âyouâcanâshowâcontemptforâthoseâlawsâtheâgodsâallâholdâinâhonour.
ISMENEâ Iâmânotâdisrespectingâthem.âButâIâcanâtâactagainstâtheâstate.âThatâsânotâinâmyânature.
ANTIGONEâ Letâthatâbeâyourâexcuse.âIâmâgoingânowtoâmakeâaâburialâmoundâforâmyâdearâbrother.â
ISMENEâ OhâpoorâAntigone,âIâmâsoâafraidâforâyou.
ANTIGONEâ Donâtâfearâforâme.âSetâyourâownâfateâinâorder.
ISMENEâ Makeâsureâyouâdonâtârevealâtoâanyonewhatâyouâintend.âKeepâitâcloselyâhidden.Iâllâdoâtheâsame.
ANTIGONEâ No,âno.âAnnounceâtheâfactâifâyouâdonâtâletâeverybodyâknow,Iâllâdespiseâyourâsilenceâevenâmore.
ISMENEâ Yourâheartâisâhotâtoâdoâcoldâdeeds.
ANTIGONEâ ButâIâknow,âIâllâpleaseâtheâonesâIâmâdutyâboundâtoâplease.
ISMENEâ Yes,âifâyouâcan.âButâyouâreâafterâsomethingwhichâyouâreâincapableâofâcarryingâout.
ANTIGONEâ Well,âwhenâmyâstrengthâisâgone,âthenâIâllâgiveâup.
ISMENEâ Aâvainâattemptâshouldânotâbeâmadeâatâall.
ANTIGONEâ Iâllâhateâyouâifâyouâreâgoingâtoâtalkâthatâway.Andâyouâllârightlyâearnâtheâloathingâofâtheâdead.Soâleaveâmeâandâmyâfoolishnessâaloneâweâllâgetâthroughâthisâfearfulâthing.âIâwonâtâsufferanythingâasâbadâasâaâdisgracefulâdeath.
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ISMENEâ Allârightâthen,âgo,âifâthatâsâwhatâyouâthinkâright.Butârememberâthisâevenâthoughâyourâmissionmakesânoâsense,âyourâfriendsâdoâtrulyâloveâyou.
[Exit Antigone and Ismene. Enter the Chorus of Theban elders]
FIRST ODE5
CHORUSâââStrophe 16
Oârayâofâsunlight,mostâbeautifulâthatâeverâshoneonâThebes,âcityâofâtheâsevenâgates,youâveâappearedâatâlast,youâglowingâeyeâofâgoldenâday,movingâaboveâtheâstreamsâofâDirce7,drivingâintoâheadlongâflighttheâwhite-shieldâwarriorâfromâArgos,whoâmarchedâhereâfullyâarmed,nowâforcedâbackâbyâyourâsharperâpower.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Againstâourâlandâheâmarched,sentâhereâbyâtheâwarringâclaimsofâPolyneices,âwithâpiercingâscreams,anâeagleâflyingâaboveâourâland,coveredâwingsâasâwhiteâasâsnow,andâhordesâofâwarriorsâinâarms,helmetsâtoppedâwithâhorsehairâcrests.
CHORUSâââAntistrophe 18 Standingâaboveâourâhomes,heârangedâaroundâourâsevenâgates,withâthreatsâtoâswallowâusandâspearsâthirstingâtoâkill.BeforeâhisâjawsâhadâhadâtheirâfillandâgorgedâthemselvesâonâThebanâblood,beforeâHephaistosâ9âpine-torchâflameshadâseizedâourâtowers,âourâfortressâcrown,âheâwentâback,âdrivenâinâretreat.Behindâhimâringsâtheâdinâofâwarâhisâenemy,âtheâThebanâdragon-snake,tooâdifficultâforâhimâtoâovercome.â
CHORUSâLEADERâ Zeusâhatesâanâarrogantâboastingâtongue.Seeingâthemâmarchâhereâinâaâmightyâstream,
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5 First Ode:âodesâareâchoralâsongsâchantedâbyâtheâChorusâinâaâGreekâtragedy 6 Strophe 1:âpartâofâtheâodeâtheâChorusâchantsâwhileâmovingârightâtoâleftâacrossâtheâstage 7 streams of Dirce:âstreamânearâThebes 8 Antistrophe 1:âpartâofâtheâodeâtheâChorusâchantsâwhileâmovingâbackâacrossâtheâstageâfromâleftâtoâright 9 Hephaistos:âblacksmithâofâtheâgods;âheâhammeredâoutâlightningâboltsâforâZeus
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inâallâtheirâclangingâgoldenâpride,heâhurledâhisâfireâandâstruckâtheâman,upâthere,âonâourâbattlements,âasâheâbegantoâscreamâaloudâhisâvictory.
CHORUSâââStrophe 2Theâmanâswungâdown,âtorchâstillâinâhand,andâsmashedâintoâunyieldingâearthâtheâoneâwhoânotâsoâlongâagoâattacked,whoâlaunchedâhisâfurious,âenragedâassault,toâblastâus,âbreathingâragingâstorms.Butâthingsâturnedâoutânotâasâheâdâhoped.GreatâwarâgodâAres10âassistedâusâheâsmashedâthemâdownâandâdoomedâthemâalltoâaâveryâdifferentâfate.
CHORUSâLEADERâ SevenâcaptainsâatâsevenâgatesmatchedâagainstâsevenâequalâwarriorspaidâZeus11âtheirâfullâbronzeâtribute,theâgodâwhoâturnsâtheâbattleâtide,allâbutâthatâpairâofâwretchedâmen,bornâofâoneâfatherâandâoneâmother,âtooâwhoâsetâtheirâconqueringâspearsâagainstâeachâotherandâthenâbothâsharedâaâcommonâdeath.
CHORUSâââAntistrophe 2Nowâvictoryâwithâherâgloriousânamehasâcome,âbringingâjoyâtoâwell-armedâThebes.Theâbattleâsâdoneâletâsâstriveânowâtoâforgetwithâsongsâandâdancingâallânightâlong,withâBacchus12âleadingâusâtoâmakeâThebesâshake.
[The palace doors are thrown open and guards appear at the doors]
CHORUSâLEADERâ ButâhereâcomesâCreon,ânewâkingâofâourâland,sonâofâMenoikeos.âThanksâtoâtheâgods,whoâveâbroughtâaboutâourânewâgoodâfortune.Whatâplanâofâactionâdoesâheâhaveâinâmind?Whatâsâmadeâhimâholdâthisâspecialâmeeting,withâeldersâsummonedâbyâaâgeneralâcall?â
[Enter Creon from the palace]
CREONâ Men,âafterâmuchâtossingâofâourâshipâofâstate,theâgodsâhaveâsafelyâsetâthingsârightâagain.OfâallâtheâcitizensâIâveâsummonedâyou,
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10 Ares:âgodâofâwar 11 Zeus:âsupremeârulerâofâallâtheâgodsâonâMountâOlympus;âalsoâknownâasâtheâweatherâgodâwhoâcontrolledâthunder,â
lightning,âandârain 12 Bacchus:âRomanâgodâofâwine;âequatedâtoâDionysius,âtheâGreekâgodâofâwine
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unit 4 ⢠Justice 291
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becauseâIâknowâhowâwellâyouâshowedârespectforâtheâeternalâpowerâofâtheâthrone,firstâwithâLaiusâandâagainâwithâOedipus,onceâheârestoredâourâcity.âWhenâheâdied,youâstoodâbyâhisâchildren,âfirmâinâloyalty.Nowâhisâsonsâhaveâperishedâinâaâsingleâday,killingâeachâotherâwithâtheirâownâtwoâhands,aâdoubleâslaughter,âstainedâwithâbrotherâsâblood.AndâsoâIâhaveâtheâthrone,âallâroyalâpower,forâIâmâtheâoneâmostâcloselyâlinkedâbyâbloodtoâthoseâwhoâhaveâbeenâkilled.âItâsâimpossibletoâreallyâknowâaâman,âtoâknowâhisâsoul,hisâmindâandâwill,âbeforeâoneâwitnesseshisâskillâinâgoverningâandâmakingâlaws.Forâme,âaâmanâwhoârulesâtheâentireâstateandâdoesânotâtakeâtheâbestâadviceâthereâis,butâthroughâfearâkeepsâhisâmouthâforeverâshut,suchâaâmanâisâtheâveryâworstâofâmenâandâalwaysâwillâbe.âAndâaâmanâwhoâthinksmoreâhighlyâofâaâfriendâthanâofâhisâcountry,well,âheâmeansânothingâtoâme.âLetâZeusâknow,theâgodâwhoâalwaysâwatchesâeverything,IâwouldânotâstayâsilentâifâIâsawâdisastermovingâhereâagainstâtheâcitizens,aâthreatâtoâtheirâsecurity.âForâanyonewhoâactsâagainstâtheâstate,âitsâenemy,Iâdâneverâmakeâmyâfriend.âForâIâknowâwellourâcountryâisâaâshipâwhichâkeepsâusâsafe,andâonlyâwhenâitâsailsâitsâproperâcoursedoâweâmakeâfriends.âTheseâareâtheâprinciplesIâllâuseâinâorderâtoâprotectâourâstate.ThatâsâwhyâIâveâannouncedâtoâallâcitizensmyâordersâforâtheâsonsâofâOedipusâEteocles,âwhoâperishedâinâtheâfighttoâsaveâourâcity,âtheâbestâandâbravestofâourâspearmen,âwillâhaveâhisâburial,withâallâthoseâpurifyingâritualswhichâaccompanyâtheânoblestâcorpses,asâtheyâmoveâbelow.âAsâforâhisâbrotherâthatâPolyneices,âwhoâreturnedâfromâexile,eagerâtoâwipeâoutâinâall-consumingâfirehisâancestralâcityâandâitsânativeâgods,keenâtoâseizeâuponâhisâfamilyâsâbloodandâleadâmenâintoâslaveryâforâhim,theâproclamationâinâtheâstateâdeclaresheâllâhaveânoâburialâmound,ânoâfuneralârites,
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andânoâlament.âHeâllâbeâleftâunburied,hisâbodyâthereâforâbirdsâandâdogsâtoâeat,aâclearâreminderâofâhisâshamefulâfate.Thatâsâmyâdecision.âForâIâllâneverâacttoârespectâanâevilâmanâwithâhonoursinâpreferenceâtoâaâmanâwhoâsâactedâwell.Anyoneâwhoâsâwellâdisposedâtowardsâourâstate,aliveâorâdead,âthatâmanâIâwillârespect.
CHORUSâLEADERâ SonâofâMenoikeos,âifâthatâsâyourâwillforâthisâcityâsâfriendsâandâenemies,itâseemsâtoâmeâyouânowâcontrolâallâlawsconcerningâthoseâwhoâveâdiedâandâusâasâwellâtheâonesâwhoâareâstillâliving.
CREONâ Seeâtoâitâthen,âandâactâasâguardiansâofâwhatâsâbeenâproclaimed.
CHORUSâ Giveâthatâtaskâtoâyoungerâmenâtoâdealâwith.
CREONâ Thereâareâmenâassignedâtoâoverseeâtheâcorpse.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Thenâwhatâremainsâthatâyouâwouldâhaveâusâdo?
CREONâ Donâtâyieldâtoâthoseâwhoâcontravene13âmyâorders.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Noâoneâisâsuchâaâfoolâthatâheâlovesâdeath.â
CREONâ Yes,âthatâwillâbeâhisâfullâreward,âindeed.Andâyetâmenâhaveâoftenâbeenâdestroyedbecauseâtheyâhopedâtoâprofitâinâsomeâway.
[Enter a guard, coming towards the palace]
GUARDâ Myâlord,âIâcanâtâsayâIâveâcomeâoutâofâbreathbyârunningâhere,âmakingâmyâfeetâmoveâfast.ManyâtimesâIâstoppedâtoâthinkâthingsâoverâandâthenâIâdâturnâaround,âretraceâmyâsteps.Myâmindâwasâsayingâmanyâthingsâtoâme,âYouâfool,âwhyâgoâtoâwhereâyouâknowâforâsureyourâpunishmentâawaits?âââAndânow,âpoorâman,whyâareâyouâhesitatingâyetâagain?IfâCreonâfindsâthisâoutâfromâsomeoneâelse,howâwillâyouâescapeâbeingâhurt?ââSuchâmatterskeptâmyâmindâpreoccupied.âAndâsoâIâwent,slowlyâandâreluctantly,âandâthusâmadeaâshortâroadâturnâintoâaâlengthyâone.ButâthenâtheâviewâthatâIâshouldâcomeâtoâyouwonâout.âIfâwhatâIâhaveâtoâsayâisânothing,Iâllâsayâitânonetheless.âForâIâveâcomeâhereclingingâtoâtheâhopeâthatâIâllânotâsufferanythingâthatâsânotâpartâofâmyâdestiny.
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CREONâ Whatâsâhappeningâthatâsâmadeâyouâsoâupset?
GUARDâ Iâwantâtoâtellâyouâfirstâaboutâmyself.Iâdidânotâdoâit.âAndâIâdidnâtâseetheâoneâwhoâdid.âSoâitâwouldâbeâunjustifâIâshouldâcomeâtoâgrief.â
CREONâ Youâhedge14âsoâmuch.âClearlyâyouâhaveânewsâofâsomethingâominous.
GUARDâ Yes.âStrangeâthingsâthatâmakeâmeâpauseâaâlot.
CREONâ Whyânotâsayâitâandâthenâgoâjustâleave.
GUARDâ Allâright,âIâllâtellâyou.âItâsâaboutâtheâcorpse.Someoneâhasâburiedâitâandâdisappeared,afterâspreadingâthirstyâdustâontoâtheâfleshandâundertakingâallâappropriateârites.
CREONâ Whatâareâyouâsaying?âWhatâmanâwouldâdareâthis?
GUARDâ Iâdonâtâknow.âThereâwasânoâsignâofâdigging,noâmarksâofâanyâpickâaxeâorâaâmattock.Theâgroundâwasâdryâandâhardâandâveryâsmooth,withoutâaâwheelâtrack.âWhoeverâdidâitleftânoâtrace.âWhenâtheâfirstâmanâonâdayâwatchrevealedâitâtoâus,âweâwereâallâamazed.Theâcorpseâwasâhidden,âbutânotâinâaâtomb.Itâwasâlightlyâcoveredâupâwithâdirt,asâifâsomeoneâwantedâtoâavertâaâcurse.Thereâwasânoâtraceâofâaâwildâanimalorâdogsâwhoâdâcomeâtoâripâtheâcorpseâapart.Thenâtheâwordsâflewâroundâamongâusâall,withâeveryâguardâaccusingâsomeoneâelse.Weâwereâaboutâtoâfight,âtoâcomeâtoâblowsânoâoneâwasâthereâtoâputâaâstopâtoâit.Everyâoneâofâusâwasâresponsible,butânoneâofâusâwasâclearlyâinâtheâwrong.Inâourâdefenceâweâpleadedâignorance.Thenâweâeachâstatedâweâwereâquiteâpreparedtoâpickâupâred-hotâiron,âwalkâthroughâflames,orâswearâbyâallâtheâgodsâthatâweâdânotâdoneâit,weâdânoâideaâhowâtheâactâwasâplanned,orâhowâitâhadâbeenâcarriedâout.âAtâlast,whenâallâourâsearchingâhadâprovedâuseless,oneâmanâspokeâup,âandâhisâwordsâforcedâusâalltoâdropâourâfacesâtoâtheâgroundâinâfear.Weâcouldnâtâseeâthingsâworkingâoutâforâus,whetherâweâagreedâorâdisagreedâwithâhim.Heâsaidâweâmustâreportâthisâactâtoâyouâ
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weâmustânotâhideâit.âAndâhisâviewâprevailed.Iâwasâtheâunluckyâmanâwhoâwonâtheâprize,theâluckâofâtheâdraw.âThatâsâwhyâIâmânowâhere,notâofâmyâownâfreeâwillâorâbyâyourâchoice.Iâknowâthatâforânoâoneâlikesâaâmessengerwhoâcomesâbearingâunwelcomeânewsâwithâhim.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Myâlord,âIâveâbeenâwonderingâforâsomeâtimeânowâcouldâthisâactânotâbeâsomethingâfromâtheâgods?
CREONâ Stopânowâbeforeâwhatâyouâreâaboutâtoâsayenragesâmeâcompletelyâandârevealsthatâyouâreânotâonlyâoldâbutâstupid,âtoo.Noâoneâcanâtolerateâwhatâyouâveâjustâsaid,whenâyouâclaimâgodsâmightâcareâaboutâthisâcorpse.Wouldâtheyâpayâextraordinaryâhonoursandâburyâasâaâmanâwhoâdâservedâthemâwell,someoneâwhoâcameâtoâburnâtheirâofferings,theirâpillaredâtemples,âtoâtorchâtheirâlandsandâscatterâallâitsâlaws?âOrâdoâyouâseegodsâpayingârespectâtoâevilâmen?âNo,âno.Forâquiteâaâwhileâsomeâpeopleâinâtheâtownhaveâsecretlyâbeenâmutteringâagainstâme.TheyâdonâtâagreeâwithâwhatâIâhaveâdecreed.Theyâshakeâtheirâheadsâandâhaveânotâkeptâtheirânecksunderâmyâyoke,âasâtheyâareâdutyâboundâtoâdoifâtheyâwereâmenâwhoâareâcontentâwithâme.Iâwellâknowâthatâtheseâguardsâwereâledâastrayâsuchâmenâurgedâthemâtoâcarryâoutâthisâactforâmoney.âToâfosterâevilâactions,toâmakeâthemâcommonplaceâamongâallâmen,nothingâisâasâpowerfulâasâmoney.Itâdestroysâcities,âdrivingâmenâfromâhome.Moneyâtrainsâandâtwistsâtheâmindsâinâworthyâmen,soâtheyâthenâundertakeâdisgracefulâacts.Moneyâteachesâmenâtoâliveâasâscoundrels,familiarâwithâeveryâprofane15âenterprise.Butâthoseâwhoâcarryâoutâsuchâactsâforâcashsoonerâorâlaterâseeâhowâforâtheirâcrimestheyâpayâtheâpenalty.âForâifâgreatâZeusstillâhasâmyârespect,âthenâunderstandâthisâIâswearâtoâyouâonâoathâunlessâyouâfindtheâoneâwhoseâhandsâreallyâburiedâhim,unlessâyouâbringâhimâhereâbeforeâmyâeyes,thenâdeathâforâyouâwillâneverâbeâenough.No,ânotâbeforeâyouâreâhungâupâstillâalive
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andâyouâconfessâtoâthisâgross,âviolentâact.Thatâwayâyouâllâunderstandâinâfutureâdays,whenâthereâsâaâprofitâtoâbeâgainedâfromâtheft,youâllâlearnâthatâitâsânotâgoodâtoâbeâinâlovewithâeveryâkindâofâmonetaryâgain.Youâllâknowâmoreâmenâareâruinedâthanâareâsavedwhenâtheyâearnâprofitsâfromâdishonestâschemes.
GUARDâ DoâIâhaveâyourâpermissionâtoâspeakânow,orâdoâIâjustâturnâaroundâandâgoâaway?
CREONâ ButâIâfindâyourâvoiceâsoâirritatingâdonâtâyouârealizeâthat?
GUARDâ Whereâdoesâitâhurt?âIsâitâinâyourâearsâorâinâyourâmind?
CREONâ WhyâtryâtoâquestionâwhereâIâfeelâmyâpain?
GUARDâ Theâmanâwhoâdidâitâheâupsetsâyourâmind.Iâoffendâyourâears.
CREONâ â My,âmy,âitâsâclearâtoâseeitâsânaturalâforâyouâtoâchatterâon.â
GUARDâ Perhaps.âButâIâneverâdidâthis.
CREONâ Thisâandâmoreâyouâsoldâyourâlifeâforâsilver.
GUARDâ Howâstrangeâandâsadâwhenâtheâoneâwhoâsortsâthisâoutâgetsâitâallâwrong.
CREONâ Well,âenjoyâyourâsophisticatedâviews.Butâifâyouâdonâtârevealâtoâmeâwhoâdidâthis,youâllâjustâconfirmâhowâmuchâyourâtreasonousâgainshaveâmadeâyouâsuffer.â
[Exit Creon back into the palace. The doors close behind him]
GUARDâ Well,âIâhopeâheâsâfound.Thatâwouldâbeâbest.âButâwhetherâcaughtâorânotâandâthatâsâsomethingâsheerâchanceâwillâbringâaboutâyouâwonâtâseeâmeâcomingâhereâagain.Thisâtime,âagainstâallâhopeâandâexpectation,Iâmâstillâunhurt.âIâoweâtheâgodsâgreatâthanks.â
[Exit the Guard away from the palace]
SECOND ODE
CHORUSâââStrophe 1Thereâareâmanyâstrangeâandâwonderfulâthings,butânothingâmoreâstrangelyâwonderfulâthanâman.Heâmovesâacrossâtheâwhite-cappedâoceanâseasblastedâbyâwinterâstorms,âcarvingâhisâwayunderâtheâsurgingâwavesâengulfingâhim.Withâhisâteamsâofâhorsesâheâwearsâdown
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theâunweariedâandâimmortalâearth,theâoldestâofâtheâgods,âharassingâher,asâyearâbyâyearâhisâploughsâmoveâbackâandâforth.â
Antistrophe 1 Heâsnaresâtheâlight-wingedâflocksâofâbirds,herdsâofâwildâbeasts,âcreaturesâfromâdeepâseas,trappedâinâtheâfineâmeshâofâhisâhuntingânets.Oâresourcefulâman,âwhoseâskillâcanâovercomeferociousâbeastsâroamingâmountainâheights.Heâcurbsâtheârough-hairedâhorsesâwithâhisâbitandâtamesâtheâinexhaustibleâmountainâbulls,settingâtheirâsavageânecksâbeneathâhisâyoke.
Strophe 2 Heâsâtaughtâhimselfâspeechâandâwind-swiftâthought,trainedâhisâfeelingsâforâcommunalâcivicâlife,learningâtoâescapeâtheâicyâshaftsâofâfrost,volleysâofâpeltingârainâinâwinterâstorms,theâharshâlifeâlivedâunderâtheâopenâsky.Thatâsâmanâsoâresourcefulâinâallâheâdoes.Thereâsânoâeventâhisâskillâcannotâconfrontâotherâthanâdeathâthatâaloneâheâcannotâshun,althoughâforâmanyâbafflingâsicknessesheâhasâdiscoveredâhisâownâremedies.
Antistrophe 1 Theâqualitiesâofâhisâinventiveâskillsbringâartsâbeyondâhisâdreamsâandâleadâhimâon,sometimesâtoâevilâandâsometimesâtoâgood.Ifâheâtreatsâhisâcountryâsâlawsâwithâdueârespectandâhonoursâjusticeâbyâswearingâonâtheâgods,heâwinsâhighâhonoursâinâhisâcity.Butâwhenâheâgrowsâboldâandâturnsâtoâevil,thenâheâhasânoâcity.âAâmanâlikeâthatâletâhimânotâshareâmyâhomeâorâknowâmyâmind.
[Enter the Guard, with Antigone.]
CHORUSâLEADERâ Whatâsâthis?âIâfearâsomeâomenâfromâtheâgods.IâcanâtâdenyâwhatâIâseeâhereâsoâclearlyâthatâyoungâgirlâthereâitâsâAntigone.Ohâyouâpoorâgirl,âdaughterâofâOedipus,childâofâaâsuchâaâfather,âsoâunfortunate,whatâsâgoingâon?âSurelyâtheyâveânotâbroughtâyouâherebecauseâyouâveâdisobeyedâtheâroyalâlaws,becauseâtheyâveâcaughtâyouâactingâfoolishly?
GUARDâ Thisâhereâsâtheâoneâwhoâcarriedâoutâtheâact.Weâcaughtâherâasâsheâwasâburyingâtheâcorpse.WhereâsâCreon?â
[The palace doors open. Enter Creon with attendants]
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CHORUSâLEADERâ Heâsâcomingâfromâtheâhouseâandâjustâinâtime.
CREONâ â WhyâhaveâIâcomeââjustâinâtimeâ?Whatâsâhappening?âWhatâisâit?
GUARDâ â Myâlord,humanâbeingsâshouldâneverâtakeâanâoaththereâsâsomethingâtheyâllânotâdoâforâlaterâthoughtscontradictâwhatâtheyâfirstâmeant.âIâdâhaveâswornIâdânotâsoonâventureâhereâagain.âBackâthen,theâthreatsâyouâmadeâbroughtâmeâaâlotâofâgrief.Butâthereâsânoâjoyâasâgreatâasâwhatâweâprayâforagainstâallâhope.âAndâsoâIâhaveâcomeâback,breakingâthatâoathâIâswore.âIâbringâthisâgirl,capturedâwhileâsheâwasâhonouringâtheâgrave.Thisâtimeâweâdidânotâdrawâlots.âNo.âThisâtimeIâwasâtheâluckyâman,ânotâsomeoneâelse.Andânow,âmyâlord,âtakeâherâforâquestioning.Convictâher.âDoâasâyouâwish.âAsâforâme,âbyârightsâIâmâfreeâandâclearâofâallâthisâtrouble.â
CREONâ Thisâgirlâhereâhowâdidâyouâcatchâher?âAndâwhere?
GUARDâ Sheâwasâburyingâthatâman.âNowâyouâknowallâthereâisâtoâknow.
CREONâ Doâyouâunderstandâjustâwhatâyouâreâsaying?âAreâyourâwordsâtheâtruth?
GUARDâ Weâsawâthisâgirlâgivingâthatâdeadâmanâsâcorpsefullâburialâritesâanâactâyouâdâmadeâillegal.IsâwhatâIâsayâsimpleâandâclearâenough?
CREONâ Howâdidâyouâseeâher,âcatchâherâinâtheâact?
GUARDâ Itâhappenedâthisâway.âWhenâweâgotâthere,afterâhearingâthoseâawfulâthreatsâfromâyou,weâsweptâoffâallâtheâdustâcoveringâtheâcorpse,soâtheâdampâbodyâwasâcompletelyâbare.Thenâweâsatâdownâonârisingâgroundâupâwind,toâescapeâtheâbodyâsâputridârottingâstench.Weâtradedâinsultsâjustâtoâstayâawake,inâcaseâsomeoneâwasâcarelessâonâtheâjob.Thatâsâhowâweâspentâtheâtimeârightâupââtilânoon,whenâtheâsunâsâbrightâcircleâinâtheâskyhadâmovedâhalfâwayâandâitâwasâburningâhot.Thenâsuddenlyâaâswirlingâwindstormâcame,whippingâcloudsâofâdustâupâfromâtheâground,fillingâtheâplainâsomeâheaven-sentâtrouble.Inâthatâlevelâplaceâtheâdirtâstormâdamagedallâtheâforestâgrowth,âandâtheâairâaroundwasâfilledâwithâdustâforâmiles.âWeâshutâourâmouths
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andâjustâenduredâthisâscourgeâsentâfromâtheâgods.Aâlongâtimeâpassed.âTheâstormâcameâtoâanâend.Thatâsâwhenâweâsawâtheâgirl.âSheâwasâshriekingâaâdistressingâpainfulâcry,âjustâlikeâaâbirdwhoâsâseenâanâemptyânest,âitsâfledglingsâgone.Thatâsâhowâsheâwasâwhenâsheâsawâtheânakedâcorpse.Sheâscreamedâoutâaâlament,âandâthenâsheâswore,callingâevilâcursesâdownâuponâtheâoneswhoâdâdoneâthis.âThenârightâawayâherâhandsthrewâonâtheâthirstyâdust.âSheâliftedâupaâfinelyâmadeâbronzeâjugâandâthenâthreeâtimespouredâoutâherâtributesâtoâtheâdead.Whenâweâsawâthat,âweârushedâupârightâawayandâgrabbedâher.âSheâwasânotâafraidâatâall.Weâchargedâherâwithâherâpreviousâoffenceasâwellâasâthisâone.âSheâjustâkeptâstandingâthere,denyingânothing.âThatâmadeâmeâhappyâthoughâitâwasâpainful,âtoo.âForâitâsâaâjoyescapingâtroublesâwhichâaffectâoneself,butâpainfulâtoâbringâevilâonâoneâsâfriends.Butâallâthatâisâofâlessâconcernâtoâmethanâmyâownâsafety.
CREONâ â Youâthereâyouâwithâyourâfacebentâdownâtowardsâtheâground,âwhatâdoâyouâsay?Doâyouâdenyâyouâdidâthisâorâadmitâit?
ANTIGONEâ IâadmitâIâdidâit.âIâwonâtâdenyâthat.
CREONâ[to the Guard]Youâreâdismissedâgoâwhereâyouâwant.âYouâreâfreeânoâseriousâchargesâmadeâagainstâyou.
[Exit the Guard. Creon turns to interrogate Antigone]
Tellâmeâbrieflyânotâinâsomeâlengthyâspeechâwereâyouâawareâthereâwasâaâproclamationforbiddingâwhatâyouâdid?
ANTIGONEâ Iâdâheardâofâit.âHowâcouldâIânot?âItâwasâpublicâknowledge.
CREONâ Andâyetâyouâdaredâtoâbreakâthoseâveryâlaws?
ANTIGONEâ Yes.âZeusâdidânotâannounceâthoseâlawsâtoâme.AndâJusticeâlivingâwithâtheâgodsâbelowsentânoâsuchâlawsâforâmen.âIâdidânotâthinkanythingâwhichâyouâproclaimedâstrongâenoughtoâletâaâmortalâoverrideâtheâgodsandâtheirâunwrittenâandâunchangingâlaws.Theyâreânotâjustâforâtodayâorâyesterday,butâexistâforever,âandânoâoneâknows
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whereâtheyâfirstâappeared.âSoâIâdidânotâmeantoâletâaâfearâofâanyâhumanâwillleadâtoâmyâpunishmentâamongâtheâgods.IâknowâallâtooâwellâIâmâgoingâtoâdieâhowâcouldâIânot?âitâmakesânoâdifferencewhatâyouâdecree.âAndâifâIâhaveâtoâdiebeforeâmyâtime,âwell,âIâcountâthatâaâgain.WhenâsomeoneâhasâtoâliveâtheâwayâIâdo,surroundedâbyâsoâmanyâevilâthings,howâcanâsheâfailâtoâfindâaâbenefitinâdeath?âAndâsoâforâmeâmeetingâthisâfatewonâtâbringâanyâpain.âButâifâIâdâallowedmyâownâmotherâsâdeadâsonâtoâjustâlieâthere,anâunburiedâcorpse,âthenâIâdâfeelâdistress.Whatâsâgoingâonâhereâdoesânotâhurtâmeâatâall.IfâyouâthinkâwhatâIâmâdoingânowâisâstupid,perhapsâIâmâbeingâchargedâwithâfoolishnessbyâsomeoneâwhoâsâaâfool.
CHORUSâLEADERâ â Itâsâclearâenoughtheâspiritâinâthisâgirlâisâpassionateâherâfatherâwasâtheâsame.âSheâhasânoâsenseofâcompromiseâinâtimesâofâtrouble.
CREONâ [to the Chorus Leader]Butâyouâshouldâknowâtheâmostâobdurate16âwillsareâthoseâmostâproneâtoâbreak.âTheâstrongestâirontemperedâinâtheâfireâtoâmakeâitâreallyâhardâthatâsâtheâkindâyouâseeâmostâoftenâshatter.Iâmâwellâawareâtheâmostâtempestuousâhorsesareâtamedâbyâoneâsmallâbit.âPrideâhasânoâplaceinâanyoneâwhoâisâhisâneighbourâsâslave.Thisâgirlâhereâwasâalreadyâveryâinsolentinâcontraveningâlawsâweâhadâproclaimed.Hereâsheâagainâdisplaysâherâproudâcontemptâhavingâdoneâtheâact,âsheânowâboastsâofâit.Sheâlaughsâatâwhatâsheâsâdone.âWell,âinâthisâcase,ifâsheâgetsâherâwayâandâgoesâunpunished,thenâsheâsâtheâmanâhere,ânotâme.âNo.âSheâmayâbemyâsisterâsâchild,âcloserâtoâmeâbyâbloodthanâanyoneâbelongingâtoâmyâhousewhoâworshipsâZeusâHerkeios17âinâmyâhome,butâsheâllânotâescapeâmyâharshestâpunishmentâherâsister,âtoo,âwhomâIâaccuseâasâwell.
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16 obdurate:âhardheartedâorâinflexible 17 Zeus Herkeios:ârefersâtoâanâaltarâwhereâsacrificesâandâlibationsâwereâofferedâtoâZeusâ;âZeusâwasâtheâDivineâ
protectorâofâtheâhouseâandâtheâfenceâsurroundingâit;âherkosâmeansâfenceâinâGreek
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Sheâhadâanâequalâpartâinâallâtheirâplanstoâdoâthisâburial.âGoâsummonâherâhere.Iâsawâherâjustânowâinsideâtheâpalace,herâmindâoutâofâcontrol,âsomeâkindâofâfit.
[Exit attendants into the palace to fetch Ismene]
Whenâpeopleâhatchâtheirâmischiefâinâtheâdarktheirâmindsâoftenâconvictâthemâinâadvance,betrayingâtheirâtreachery.âHowâIâdespiseaâpersonâcaughtâcommittingâevilâactswhoâthenâdesiresâtoâglorifyâtheâcrime.
ANTIGONEâ Takeâmeâandâkillâmeâwhatâmoreâdoâyouâwant?
CREONâ Me?âNothing.âWithâthatâIâhaveâeverything.
ANTIGONEâ Thenâwhyâdelay?âThereâsânothingâinâyourâwordsthatâIâenjoyâmayâthatâalwaysâbeâtheâcase!AndâwhatâIâsayâdispleasesâyouâasâmuch.ButâwhereâcouldâIâgainâgreaterâglorythanâsettingâmyâownâbrotherâinâhisâgrave?Allâthoseâhereâwouldâconfirmâthisâpleasesâthemifâtheirâlipsâwerenâtâsealedâbyâfearâbeingâking,whichâoffersâallâsortsâofâvariousâbenefits,meansâyouâcanâtalkâandâactâjustâasâyouâwish.
CREONâ InâallâofâThebes,âyouâreâtheâonlyâonewhoâlooksâatâthingsâthatâway.
ANTIGONEâ Theyâshareâmyâviews,âbutâtheyâkeepâtheirâmouthsâshutâjustâforâyou.
CREONâ Theseâviewsâofâyoursâsoâdifferentâfromâtheârestâdonâtâtheyâbringâyouâanyâsenseâofâshame?â
ANTIGONEâ Noâthereâsânothingâshamefulâinâhonouringmyâmotherâsâchildren.
CREONâ Youâhadâaâbrotherâkilledâfightingâforâtheâotherâside.
ANTIGONEâ Yesâfromâtheâsameâmotherâandâfather,âtoo.
CREONâ Whyâthenâgiveâtributesâwhichâinsultâhisâname?
ANTIGONEâ Butâhisâdeadâcorpseâwonâtâbackâupâwhatâyouâsay.
CREONâ Yes,âheâwill,âifâyouâgiveâequalâhonourstoâaâwickedâman.
ANTIGONEâ Butâtheâoneâwhoâdiedâwasânotâsomeâslaveâitâwasâhisâownâbrother.
CREONâ Whoâwasâdestroyingâthisâcountryâtheâotherâonewentâtoâhisâdeathâdefendingâit.
ANTIGONEâ Thatâmayâbe,âbutâHades18âstillâdesiresâequalâritesâforâboth.
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CREONâ Aâgoodâmanâdoesânotâwishâwhatâweâgiveâhimtoâbeâtheâsameâanâevilâmanâreceives.
ANTIGONEâ Whoâknows?âInâtheâworldâbelowâperhapssuchâactionsâareânoâcrime.
CREONâ Anâenemyâcanâneverâbeâaâfriend,ânotâevenâinâdeath.
ANTIGONEâ Butâmyânatureâisâtoâlove.âIâcannotâhate.
CREONâ Thenâgoâdownâtoâtheâdead.âIfâyouâmustâlove,loveâthem.âNoâwomanâsâgoingâtoâgovernâmeâno,ânoânotâwhileâIâmâstillâalive.â
[Enter two attendants from the house bringing Ismene to Creon]
CHORUSâLEADERâ Ismeneâsâcoming.âThereârightâbyâtheâdoor.Sheâsâcrying.âHowâsheâmustâloveâherâsister!Fromâherâforeheadâaâcloudâcastsâitsâshadowdownâacrossâherâdarklyâflushingâfaceâandâdropsâitsârainâontoâherâlovelyâcheeks.â
CREONâ Youâthereâyouâsnakeâlurkingâinâmyâhouse,suckingâoutâmyâlifeâsâbloodâsoâsecretly.IâdânoâideaâIâwasânurturingâtwoâpests,whoâaimedâtoâriseâagainstâmyâthrone.âComeâhere.Tellâmeâthisâdoâyouâadmitâyouâplayedâyourâpartinâthisâburial,âorâwillâyouâswearâanâoathyouâhadânoâknowledgeâofâit?
ISMENEâ IâdidâitâIâadmitâit,âandâsheâllâbackâmeâup.âSoâIâbearâtheâguiltâasâwell.
ANTIGONEâ No,ânoâjusticeâwillânotâallowâyouâtoâsayâthat.Youâdidnâtâwantâto.âIâdidnâtâworkâwithâyou.
ISMENEâ Butânowâyouâreâinâtrouble,âIâmânotâashamedofâsuffering,âtoo,âasâyourâcompanion.
ANTIGONEâ HadesâandâtheâdeadâcanâsayâwhoâdidâitâIâdonâtâloveâaâfriendâwhoseâloveâisâonlyâwords.
ISMENEâ Youâreâmyâsister.âDonâtâdishonourâme.Letâmeârespectâtheâdeadâandâdieâwithâyou.
ANTIGONEâ Donâtâtryâtoâshareâmyâdeathâorâmakeâaâclaimtoâactionsâwhichâyouâdidânotâdo.âIâllâdieâandâthatâwillâbeâenough.
ISMENEâ Butâifâyouâreâgone,âwhatâisâthereâinâlifeâforâmeâtoâlove?
ANTIGONEâ AskâCreon.âHeâsâtheâoneâyouâcareâabout.
ISMENEâ Whyâhurtâmeâlikeâthis?âItâdoesnâtâhelpâyou.
ANTIGONEâ IfâIâamâmockingâyou,âitâpainsâme,âtoo.
ISMENEâ EvenânowâisâthereâsomeâwayâIâcanâhelp?
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ANTIGONEâ Saveâyourself.âIâwonâtâenvyâyourâescape.
ISMENEâ Iâfeelâsoâwretchedâleavingâyouâtoâdie.
ANTIGONEâ Butâyouâchoseâlifeâitâwasâmyâchoiceâtoâdie.
ISMENEâ ButânotâbeforeâIâdâsaidâthoseâwordsâjustânow.
ANTIGONEâ Someâpeopleâmayâapproveâofâhowâyouâthinkâothersâwillâbelieveâmyâjudgmentâsâgood.
ISMENEâ Butâtheâmistakeâsâtheâsameâforâbothâofâus.
ANTIGONEâ Beâbrave.âYouâreâalive.âButâmyâspiritâdiedsomeâtimeâagoâsoâIâmightâhelpâtheâdead.â
CREONâ Iâdâsayâoneâofâtheseâgirlsâhasâjustârevealedhowâmadâsheâisâtheâotherâsâbeenâthatâwaysinceâsheâwasâborn.
ISMENEâ â Myâlord,âwhateverâgoodâsensepeopleâhaveâbyâbirthânoâlongerâstaysâwithâthemonceâtheirâlivesâgoâwrongâitâabandonsâthem.
CREONâ Inâyourâcase,âthatâsâtrue,âonceâyouâmadeâyourâchoicetoâactâinâevilâwaysâwithâwickedâpeople.
ISMENEâ HowâcouldâIâliveâalone,âwithoutâherâhere?
CREONâ Donâtâspeakâofâherâbeingâhere.âHerâlifeâisâover.
ISMENEâ Youâreâgoingâtoâkillâyourâownâsonâsâbride?â
CREONâ Whyânot?âThereâareâotherâfieldsâforâhimâtoâplough.
ISMENEâ Noâoneâwillâmakeâhimâaâmoreâlovingâwifethanâsheâwill.
CREONâ Iâhaveânoâdesireâmyâsonâshouldâhaveâanâevilâwife.
ANTIGONEâ DearestâHaemon,âhowâyourâfatherâwrongsâyou.
CREONâ Iâveâhadâenoughâofâthisâyouâandâyourâmarriage.
ISMENEâ Youâreallyâwantâthat?âYouâreâgoingâtoâtakeâherâfromâhim?
CREONâ No,ânotâme.âHadesâisâtheâoneâwhoâllâstopâtheâmarriage.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Soâsheâmustâdieâthatâseemsâdecidedâon.
CREONâ âYesâforâyouâandâmeâtheâmatterâsâclosed.â
[Creon turns to address his attendants]
Noâmoreâdelay.âYouâslaves,âtakeâthemâinside.Fromâthisâpointâonâtheyâmustâactâlikeâwomenandâhaveânoâlibertyâtoâwanderâoff.EvenâboldâmenârunâwhenâtheyâseeâHadesâcomingâcloseâtoâthemâtoâsnatchâtheirâlives.â
[The attendants take Antigone and Ismene into the palace, leaving Creon and the Chorus on stage]
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THIRD ODE
CHORUSâââStrophe 1Thoseâwhoâliveâwithoutâtastingâevilhaveâhappyâlivesâforâwhenâtheâgodsshakeâaâhouseâtoâitsâfoundations,thenâinevitableâdisastersâstrike,fallingâuponâwholeâfamilies,âjustâasâaâsurgingâoceanâswellrunningâbeforeâcruelâThracianâwindsacrossâtheâdarkâtrenchâofâtheâseachurnsâupâtheâdeepâblackâsandâandâcrashesâheadlongâonâtheâcliffs,whichâscreamâinâpainâagainstâtheâwind.
Antistrophe 1 Iâseeâthisâhouseâsâage-oldâsorrows,theâhouseâofâLabdakosâ19âchildren,sorrowsâfallingâonâtheâsorrowsâofâtheâdead,oneâgenerationâbringingânoâreliefâtoâgenerationsâafterâitâsomeâgodstrikesâatâthemâonâandâonâwithoutâanâend.ForânowâtheâlightâwhichâhasâbeenâshiningoverâtheâlastârootsâofâOedipusââhouseâisâbeingâcutâdownâwithâaâbloodyâknifebelongingâtoâtheâgodsâbelowâforâfoolishâtalkâandâfrenzyâinâtheâsoul.
Strophe 2 OhâZeus,âwhatâhumanâtrespassescanâcheckâyourâpower?âEvenâSleep,whoâcastsâhisânetsâonâeverything,âcannotâmasterâthatânorâcanâtheâmonths,theâtirelessâmonthsâtheâgodsâcontrol.Aâsovereignâwhoâcannotâgrowâold,youâholdâOlympusâasâyourâown,inâallâitsâglitteringâmagnificence.âFromânowâonâintoâallâfutureâtime,asâinâtheâpast,âyourâlawâholdsâfirm.Itâneverâentersâlivesâofâhumanâbeingsinâitsâfullâforceâwithoutâdisaster.
Antistrophe 2 Hopeârangingâfarâandâwideâbringsâcomforttoâmanyâmenâbutâthenâhopeâcanâdeceive,delusionsâbornâofâvolatileâdesire.Itâcomesâuponâtheâmanâwhoâsâignorantuntilâhisâfootâisâsearedâinâburningâfire.Someoneâsâwisdomâhasârevealedâtoâusâthisâfamousâsayingâsometimesâtheâgods
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19 Labdakos:âfatherâtoâLaius,âgrandfatherâtoâOedipus
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lureâaâmanâsâmindâforwardâtoâdisaster,andâheâthinksâevilâsâsomethingâgood.Butâthenâheâlivesâonlyâtheâbriefestâtimefreeâofâcatastrophe.â
[The palace doors open]
CHORUSâLEADERâ HereâcomesâHaemon,âyourâonlyâlivingâson.âIsâheâgrievingtheâfateâofâAntigone,âhisâbride,bitterâthatâhisâmarriageâhopesâareâgone?â
CREONâ Weâllâsoonâfindâoutâmoreâaccuratelythanâanyâprophetâhereâcouldâindicate.â
[Enter Haemon from the palace]Myâson,âhaveâyouâheardâtheâsentenceâthatâsâbeenâpasseduponâyourâbride?âAndâhaveâyouânowâcomeâhereangryâatâyourâfather?âOrâareâyouâloyalâtoâme,onâmyâsideânoâmatterâwhatâIâdo?
HAEMONâ Father,âIâmâyours.âForâmeâyourâjudgmentsâandâtheâwaysâyouâactâonâthemâareâgoodâIâshallâfollowâthem.âIâllânotâconsideranyâmarriageâaâgreaterâbenefitthanâyourâfineâleadership.
CREONâ â Indeed,âmyâson,thatâsâhowâyourâheartâshouldâalwaysâbeâresolved,toâstandâbehindâyourâfatherâsâjudgmentâonâeveryâissue.âThatâsâwhatâmenâprayâforâobedientâchildrenâgrowingâupâatâhomewhoâwillâpayâbackâtheirâfatherâsâenemies,evilâtoâthemâforâevilâdoneâtoâhim,âwhileâhonouringâhisâfriendsâasâmuchâasâheâdoes.Aâmanâwhoâfathersâuselessâchildrenâwhatâcanâoneâsayâofâhimâexceptâheâsâbredtroublesâforâhimself,âandâmuchâtoâlaughâatforâthoseâwhoâfightâagainstâhim?âSo,âmyâson,donâtâeverâthrowâgoodâsenseâasideâforâpleasure,forâsomeâwomanâsâsake.âYouâunderstandhowâsuchâembracesâcanâturnâfreezingâcoldâwhenâanâevilâwomanâsharesâyourâlifeâatâhome.Whatâgreaterâwoundâisâthereâthanâaâfalseâfriend?âSoâspitâthisâgirlâoutâsheâsâyourâenemy.LetâherâmarryâsomeoneâelseâinâHades.SinceâIâcaughtâherâclearlyâdisobeying,theâonlyâculpritâinâtheâentireâcity,Iâwonâtâperjureâmyselfâbeforeâtheâstate.NoâIâllâkillâher.âAndâsoâletâherâappeal
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toâZeus,âtheâgodâofâbloodârelationships.IfâIâfosterâanyâlackâofâfullârespectinâmyâownâfamily,âIâsurelyâdoâtheâsamewithâthoseâwhoâareânotâlinkedâtoâmeâbyâblood.âTheâmanâwhoâactsâwellâwithâhisâhouseholdwillâbeâfoundâaâjustâmanâinâtheâcity.Iâdâtrustâsuchâaâmanâtoâgovernâwiselyorâtoâbeâcontentâwithâsomeoneârulingâhim.Andâinâtheâthickâofâbattleâatâhisâpostâheâllâstandâfirmâbesideâhisâfellowâsoldier,aâloyal,âbraveâman.âButâanyoneâwhoâsâproudandâviolatesâourâlawsâorâthinksâheâllâtellourâleadersâwhatâtoâdo,âaâmanâlikeâthatwinsânoâpraiseâfromâme.âNo.âWeâmustâobeyâwhateverâmanâtheâcityâputsâinâcharge,noâmatterâwhatâtheâissueâgreatâorâsmall,justâorâunjust.âForâthereâsânoâgreaterâevilthanâaâlackâofâleadership.âThatâdestroyswholeâcities,âturnsâhouseholdsâintoâruins,andâinâwarâmakesâsoldiersâbreakâandârunâaway.Whenâmenâsucceed,âwhatâkeepsâtheirâlivesâsecureinâalmostâeveryâcaseâisâtheirâobedience.Thatâsâwhyâtheyâmustâsupportâthoseâinâcontrol,andâneverâletâsomeâwomanâbeatâusâdown.âIfâweâmustâfallâfromâpower,âletâthatâcomeatâsomeâmanâsâhandâatâleast,âweâwonâtâbeâcalledinferiorâtoâanyâwoman.â
CHORUSâLEADERâ Unlessâweâreâbeingâdeceivedâbyâourâoldâage,whatâyouâveâjustâsaidâseemsâreasonableâtoâus.
HAEMONâ Father,âtheâgodsâinstillâgoodâsenseâinâmenâtheâgreatestâofâallâtheâthingsâwhichâweâpossess.IâcouldânotâfindâyourâwordsâsomehowânotârightâIâhopeâthatâsâsomethingâIâneverâlearnâtoâdo.Butâotherâwordsâmightâbeâgood,âasâwell.âBecauseâofâwhoâyouâare,âyouâcanâtâperceiveallâtheâthingsâmenâsayâorâdoâorâtheirâcomplaints.Yourâgazeâmakesâcitizensâafraidâtheyâcanâtâsayâanythingâyouâwouldânotâlikeâtoâhear.ButâinâtheâdarknessâIâcanâhearâthemâtalkâtheâcityâisâupsetâaboutâtheâgirl.Theyâsayâofâallâwomenâhereâsheâleastâdeservestheâworstâofâdeathsâforâherâmostâgloriousâact.Whenâinâtheâslaughterâherâownâbrotherâdied,sheâdidânotâjustâleaveâhimâthereâunburied,âtoâbeârippedâapartâbyâcarrionâdogsâorâbirds.Surelyâsheâdeservesâsomeâgoldenâhonour?
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Thatâsâtheâdarkâsecretârumourâpeopleâspeak.âForâme,âfather,ânothingâisâmoreâvaluablethanâyourâwellâbeing.âForâanyâchildren,whatâcouldâbeâaâgreaterâhonourâtoâthemthanâtheirâfatherâsâthrivingâreputation?Aâfatherâfeelsâtheâsameâaboutâhisâsons.Soâdonâtâletâyourâmindâdwellâonâjustâoneâthought,thatâwhatâyouâsayâisârightâandânothingâelse.âAâmanâwhoâthinksâthatâonlyâheâisâwise,thatâheâcanâspeakâandâthinkâlikeânoâoneâelse,whenâsuchâmenâareâexposed,âthenâallâcanâseetheirâemptinessâinside.âForâanyâman,âevenâifâheâsâwise,âthereâsânothingâshamefulinâlearningâmanyâthings,âstayingâflexible.Youânoticeâhowâinâwinterâfloodsâtheâtreeswhichâbendâbeforeâtheâstormâpreserveâtheirâtwigs.Theâonesâwhoâstandâagainstâitâareâdestroyed,rootâandâbranch.âInâtheâsameâway,âthoseâsailorsâwhoâkeepâtheirâsailsâstretchedâtight,âneverâeasingâoff,makeâtheirâshipâcapsizeâandâfromâthatâpointâonsailâwithâtheirârowingâbenchesâallâsubmerged.Soâendâyourâanger.âPermitâyourselfâtoâchange.ForâifâI,âasâaâyoungerâman,âmayâstatemyâviews,âIâdâsayâitâwouldâbeâforâtheâbestâifâmenâbyânatureâunderstoodâallâthingsâifânot,âandâthatâisâusuallyâtheâcase,whenâmenâspeakâwell,âitâgoodâtoâlearnâfromâthem.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Myâlord,âifâwhatâheâsâsaidâisârelevant,âitâseemsâappropriateâtoâlearnâfromâhim,andâyouâtoo,âHaemon,âlistenâtoâtheâking.Theâthingsâwhichâyouâbothâsaidâwereâexcellent.
CREONâ Andâmenâmyâageâareâweâthenâgoingâtoâschooltoâlearnâwhatâsâwiseâfromâmenâasâyoungâasâhim?
HAEMONâ Thereâsânothingâwrongâinâthat.âAndâifâIâmâyoung,donâtâthinkâaboutâmyâageâlookâatâwhatâIâdo.
CREONâ Andâwhatâyouâdoâdoesâthatâincludeâthis,âhonouringâthoseâwhoâactâagainstâourâlaws?
HAEMONâ Iâwouldânotâencourageâanyoneâtoâshowârespectâtoâevilâmen.
CREONâ â Andâherâisâsheânotâsufferingâfromâtheâsameâdisease?
HAEMONâ TheâpeopleâhereâinâThebesâallâsayâtheâsameâtheyâdenyâsheâis.
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CREONâ â SoâtheâcityânowwillâinstructâmeâhowâIâamâtoâgovern?
HAEMONâ Nowâyouâreâtalkingâlikeâsomeoneâfarâtooâyoung.Donâtâyouâseeâthat?
CREONâ â AmâIâtoâruleâthisâlandatâsomeoneâelseâsâwhimâorâbyâmyself?
HAEMONâ Aâcityâwhichâbelongsâtoâjustâoneâmanisânoâtrueâcity.
CREONâ â Accordingâtoâourâlaws,âdoesânotâtheârulerâownâtheâcity?
HAEMONâ Byâyourselfâyouâdâmakeâanâexcellentâkingbutâinâaâdesert.
CREONâ â Itâseemsâasâifâthisâboyâisâfightingâonâtheâwomanâsâside.
HAEMONâ â Thatâsâtrueâifâyouâreâtheâwoman.âIâmâconcernedâforâyou.
CREONâ Youâreâtheâworstâthereâisâyouâsetâyourâjudgmentâupagainstâyourâfather.
HAEMONâ â No,ânotâwhenâIâseeyouâmakingâaâmistakeâandâbeingâunjust.
CREONâ Isâitâaâmistakeâtoâhonourâmyâownârule?
HAEMONâ Youâreânotâhonouringâthatâbyâtramplingâonâtheâgodsââprerogatives.20
CREONâ â Youâfoulâcreatureâyouâreâworseâthanâanyâwoman.
HAEMONâ â Youâllânotâcatchâmegivingâwayâtoâsomeâdisgrace.
CREONâ â Butâyourâwordsallâspeakâonâherâbehalf.
HAEMONâ â Andâyoursâandâmineâandâforâtheâgodsâbelow.
CREONâ â Youâwomanâsâslaveâdonâtâtryâtoâwinâmeâover.
HAEMONâ â Whatâdoâyouâwantâtoâspeakâandâneverâhearâsomeoneâreply?
CREONâ Youâllâneverâmarryâherâwhileâsheâsâalive.â
HAEMONâ Thenâsheâllâdieâandâinâherâdeathâkillâsomeoneâelse.
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CREONâ Areâyouâsoâinsolentâyouâthreatenâme?â
HAEMONâ Whereâsâtheâthreatâinâchallengingâaâbadâdecree?
CREONâ Youâllâregretâparadingâwhatâyouâthinkâlikeâthisâyouâaâpersonâwithâanâemptyâbrain!
HAEMONâ Ifâyouâwereânotâmyâfather,âIâmightâsayyouâwereânotâthinkingâstraight.
CREONâ â Wouldâyou,âindeed?Well,âthen,âbyâOlympus,âIâllâhaveâyouâknowyouâllâbeâsorryâforâdemeaningâmewithâallâtheseâinsults.â
[Creon turns to his attendants]â Goâbringâherâoutâthatâhatefulâcreature,âsoâsheâcanâdieârightâhere,withâhimâpresent,âbeforeâherâbridegroomâsâeyes.â
HAEMONâ No.âDonâtâeverâhopeâforâthat.âSheâllânotâdiewithâmeâjustâstandingâthere.âAndâasâforâyouâyourâeyesâwillâneverâseeâmyâfaceâagain.Soâletâyourârageâchargeâonâamongâyourâfriendswhoâwantâtoâstandâbyâyouâinâthis.â
[Exit Haemon, running back into the palace]
CHORUSâLEADERâ Myâlord,âHaemonâleftâinâsuchâaâhurry.Heâsâangryâinâaâyoungâmanâatâhisâagetheâmindâturnsâbitterâwhenâheâsâfeelingâhurt.
CREONâ Letâhimâdreamâupâorâcarryâoutâgreatâdeedsbeyondâtheâpowerâofâman,âheâllânotâsaveâtheseâgirlsâtheirâfateâisâsealed.
CHORUSâLEADERâ â Areâyouâgoingâtoâkillâthemâboth?â
CREONâ Noânotâtheâoneâwhoseâhandsâareâclean.âYouâreâright.
CHORUSâLEADERâ HowâdoâyouâplanâtoâkillâAntigone?
CREONâ Iâllâtakeâherâonâaâpathânoâpeopleâuse,andâhideâherâinâaâcavernâinâtheârocks,whileâstillâalive.âIâllâsetâoutâprovisions,asâmuchâasâpietyârequires21,âtoâmakeâsuretheâcityâisânotâtotallyâcorrupted.ThenâsheâcanâspeakâherâprayersâtoâHades,theâonlyâgodâsheâworships,âforâsuccessâavoidingâdeathâorâelse,âatâleast,âsheâllâlearn,althoughâtooâlate,âhowâitâsâaâwasteâofâtimetoâworkâtoâhonourâthoseâwhomâHadesâholds.â
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21 piety:âdevotionâtoâreligion;âfulfillmentâofâreligiousâobligations
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FOURTH ODE
CHORUSâââStropheOâEros22,âtheâconquerorâinâeveryâfight,Eros,âwhoâsquandersâallâmenâsâwealth,whoâsleepsâatânightâonâgirlsââsoftâcheeks,andâroamsâacrossâtheâoceanâseasandâthroughâtheâshepherdâsâhutânoâimmortalâgodâescapesâfromâyou,norâanyâman,âwhoâlivesâbutâforâaâday.âAndâtheâoneâwhomâyouâpossessâgoesâmad.â
AntistropheEvenâinâgoodâmenâyouâtwistâtheirâminds,pervertingâthemâtoâtheirâownâruin.Youâprovokeâtheseâmenâtoâfamilyâstrife.Theâbrideâsâdesireâseenâglitteringâinâherâeyesâthatâconquersâeverything,âitsâpowerenthronedâbesideâeternalâlaws,âforâtheretheâgoddessâAphroditeâworksâherâwill,âwhoseâwaysâareâirresistible.
[Antigone enters from the palace with attendants who are taking her away to her execution]
CHORALâLEADERâ WhenâIâlookâatâherâIâforgetâmyâplace.âIâloseârestraintâandâcanâtâholdâbackâmyâtearsâAntigoneâgoingâtoâherâbridalâroomwhereâallâareâlaidâtoârestâinâdeath.
COMMOS
ANTIGONEâââStrophe 1Lookâatâme,âmyânativeâcitizens,asâIâgoâonâmyâfinalâjourney,asâIâgazeâuponâtheâsunlightâoneâlastâtime,whichâIâllâneverâseeâagainâforâHades,whoâbringsâallâpeopleâtoâtheirâfinalâsleep,leadsâmeâon,âwhileâIâmâstillâliving,âdownâtoâtheâshoresâofâAcheron.23âIâveânotâyetâhadâmyâbridalâchant,norâhasâanyâweddingâsongâbeenâsungâforâmyâmarriageâisâtoâAcheron.
CHORUSâ Surelyâyouâcarryâfameâwithâyouâandâpraise,asâyouâmoveâtoâtheâdeepâhomeâofâtheâdead.Youâwereânotâstrickenâbyâlethalâdiseaseorâpaidâyourâwagesâwithâaâsword.âNo.âYouâwereâinâchargeâofâyourâownâfate.
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Soâofâallâlivingâhumanâbeings,âyouâalonemakeâyourâwayâdownâtoâHadesâstillâalive.â
ANTIGONEâââAntistrophe 1Iâveâheardâaboutâaâguestâofâours,daughterâofâTantalus24,âfromâPhrygiaâsheâwentâtoâanâexcruciatingâdeathinâSipylus25,ârightâonâtheâmountainâpeak.Theâstoneâthere,âjustâlikeâclingingâivy,woreâherâdown,âandânow,âsoâpeopleâsay,theâsnowâandârainâneverâleaveâherâthere,âasâsheâlaments.âBelowâherâweepingâeyesherâneckâisâwetâwithâtears.âGodâbringsâmetoâaâfinalârestâwhichâmostâresemblesâhers.â
CHORUSâ ButâNiobe26âwasâaâgoddess,âbornâdivineâandâweâareâhumanâbeings,âaâraceâwhichâdies.Butâstill,âitâsâaâfineâthingâforâaâwoman,onceâsheâsâdead,âtoâhaveâitâsaidâsheâshared,inâlifeâandâdeath,âtheâfateâofâdemi-gods.
ANTIGONEâââStrophe 2Oh,âyouâareâmockingâme!âWhyâmeâbyâourâfathersââgodsâwhyâdoâyouâall,myâownâcityâandâtheârichestâmenâofâThebes,insultâmeânowârightâtoâmyâface,withoutâwaitingâforâmyâdeath?âWellâatâleastâIâhaveâDirceâsâsprings,theâholyâgroundsâofâThebes,aâcityâfullâofâsplendidâchariots,toâwitnessâhowânoâfriendsâlamentâforâmeasâIâmoveâonâyouâseeâtheâlawswhichâleadâmeâtoâmyârock-boundâprison,aâtombâmadeâjustâforâme.âAlas!InâmyâwretchednessâIâhaveânoâhome,ânotâwithâhumanâbeingsâorâcorpses,notâwithâtheâlivingâorâtheâdead.â
CHORUSâ Youâpushedâyourâdaringâtoâtheâlimit,âmyâchild,andâtrippedâagainstâJusticeâsâhighâaltarâperhapsâyourâagoniesâareâpayingâbacksomeâcompensationâforâyourâfather.
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25 Sipylus:âmountainâruledâbyâTantalus;âlocationâofâtheâweepingâstoneâformationâofâNiobe 26 Niobe:âdaughterâofâTantalus;âallâherâchildrenâwereâkilledâandâsheâwasâturnedâtoâstone;âherârockâformationâappearsâ
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ANTIGONEâââAntistrophe 2Nowâthereâyouâtouchâonâmyâmostâpainfulâthoughtâmyâfatherâsâdestinyâalwaysâonâmyâmind,alongâwithâthatâwholeâfateâwhichâsticksâtoâus,âtheâsplendidâhouseâofâLabdakosâtheâcursearisingâfromâaâmotherâsâmarriageâbed,whenâsheâhadâsexâwithâherâownâson,âmyâfather.âFromâwhatâkindâofâparentsâwasâIâborn,theirâwretchedâdaughter?âIâgoâtoâthem,unmarriedâandâaccursed,âanâoutcast.Alas,âtoo,âforâmyâbrotherâPolyneices,whoâmadeâaâfatalâmarriageâandâthenâdiedâandâwithâthatâdeathâkilledâmeâwhileâstillâalive.
CHORUSâ Toâbeâpiouslyâdevoutâshowsâreverence,butâpowerfulâmen,âwhoâinâtheirâpersonsincorporateâauthority,âcannotâbearanyoneâtoâbreakâtheirârules.âHence,âyouâdieâbecauseâofâyourâownâselfishâwill.
ANTIGONEâââEpode27
Withoutâlament,âwithoutâaâfriend,andâwithânoâmarriageâsong,âIâmâbeingâledinâthisâmiserableâstate,âalongâmyâfinalâroad.SoâwretchedâthatâIânoâlongerâhaveâtheârightâtoâlookâuponâtheâsun,âthatâsacredâeye.Butâmyâfateâpromptsânoâtears,âandânoâfriendâmourns.
CREONâ Donâtâyouâknowâthatânoâoneâfacedâwithâdeathwouldâeverâstopâtheâsingingâandâtheâgroans,ifâthatâwouldâhelp?âTakeâherâandâshutâherâup,âasâIâhaveâordered,âinâherâtombâsâembrace.Andâgetâitâdoneâasâquicklyâasâyouâcan.Thenâleaveâherâthereâalone,âallâbyâherselfâsheâcanâsortâoutâwhetherâsheâwantsâsuicideorâremainsâalive,âburiedâinâaâplaceâlikeâthat.Asâfarâasâsheâsâconcerned,âweâbearânoâguilt.Butâsheâsâlostâherâplaceâlivingâhereâwithâus.â
ANTIGONEâ Ohâmyâtombâandâbridalâchamberâmyâeternalâhollowâdwellingâplace,whereâIâgoâtoâjoinâmyâpeople.âMostâofâthemâhaveâperishedâPersephone28âhasâwelcomedâthemamongâtheâdead.âIâmâtheâlastâone,âdyingâheretheâmostâevilâdeathâbyâfar,âasâIâmoveâdown
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27 Epode:âfinalâstanzaâofâtheâode;âfollowsâtheâstropheâandâantistrophe 28 Persephone:âgoddessâofâtheâunderworld;âsheâwasâabductedâbyâHadesâandâforcedâtoâspendâoneâthirdâofâeachâyearâ
there,âwhichâisâtheâwinterâduringâwhichânothingâbloomsâorâgrows
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beforeâtheâtimeâallottedâforâmyâlifeâisâdone.ButâIâgoânourishingâtheâvitalâhopemyâfatherâwillâbeâpleasedâtoâseeâmeâcome,andâyou,âtoo,âmyâmother,âwillâwelcomeâme,asâwellâasâyou,âmyâownâdearâbrother.Whenâyouâdied,âwithâmyâownâhandsâIâwashedâyou.âIâarrangedâyourâcorpseâandâatâtheâgraveâmoundâpouredâoutâlibations.âButânow,âPolyneices,thisâisâmyârewardâforâcoveringâyourâcorpse.However,âforâwiseâpeopleâIâwasârighttoâhonourâyou.âIâdâneverâhaveâdoneâitforâchildrenâofâmyâown,ânotâasâtheirâmother,norâforâaâdeadâhusbandâlyingâinâdecayâno,ânotâinâdefianceâofâtheâcitizens.WhatâlawâdoâIâappealâto,âclaimingâthis?Ifâmyâhusbandâdied,âthereâdâbeâanotherâone,andâifâIâwereâtoâloseâaâchildâofâmineâIâdâhaveâanotherâwithâsomeâotherâman.âButâsinceâmyâfatherâandâmyâmother,âtoo,areâhiddenâawayâinâHadesââhouse,Iâllâneverâhaveâanotherâlivingâbrother.ThatâwasâtheâlawâIâusedâtoâhonourâyou.ButâCreonâthoughtâthatâIâwasâinâtheâwrongandâactingârecklesslyâforâyou,âmyâbrother.Nowâheâseizesâmeâbyâforceâandâleadsâmeâhereânoâweddingâandânoâbridalâsong,ânoâshareinâmarriedâlifeâorâraisingâchildren.âInsteadâIâgoâinâsorrowâtoâmyâgrave,withoutâmyâfriends,âtoâdieâwhileâstillâalive.âWhatâholyâjusticeâhaveâIâviolated?Inâmyâwretchedness,âwhyâshouldâIâstillâlookupâtoâtheâgods?âWhichâoneâcanâIâinvoketoâbringâmeâhelp,âwhenâforâmyâreverencetheyâchargeâmeâwithâimpiety?âWell,âthen,ifâthisâisâsomethingâfineâamongâtheâgods,IâllâcomeâtoârecognizeâthatâIâveâdoneâwrong.Butâifâtheseâpeopleâhereâareâbeingâunjustâmayâtheyâendureânoâgreaterâpunishmentthanâtheâinjusticesâtheyâreâdoingâtoâme.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Theâsameâstormâblastsâcontinueâtoâattacktheâmindâinâthisâyoungâgirl.â
CREONâ â Thenâthoseâescortingâherwillâbeâsorryâtheyâreâsoâslow.
ANTIGONEâ â Alas,âthen,thoseâwordsâmeanâdeathâisâveryânearâatâhand.
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CREONâ Iâwonâtâencourageâyouâorâcheerâyouâup,byâsayingâtheâsentenceâwonâtâbeâcarriedâout.
ANTIGONEâ OâcityâofâmyâfathersinâthisâlandâofâThebesâandâmyâancestralâgods,Iâamâbeingâledâaway.Noâmoreâdelayingâforâme.Lookâonâme,âyouâlordsâofâThebes,âtheâlastâsurvivorâofâyourâroyalâhouse,seeâwhatâIâhaveâtoâundergo,theâkindâofâmenâwhoâdoâthisâtoâme,forâpayingâreverenceâtoâtrueâpiety.â
[Antigone is led away under escort]
FIFTH ODE
CHORUSâââStrophe 1Inâherâbrass-boundâroomâfairâDanae29âasâwellenduredâherâseparationâfromâtheâheavenâsâlight,âaâprisonerâhiddenâinâaâchamberâlikeâaâtomb,althoughâshe,âtoo,âcameâfromâaânobleâline.Andâshe,âmyâchild,âhadâinâherâcaretheâliquidâstreamingâgoldenâseedâofâZeus.âButâtheâpowerâofâfateâisâfullâofâmystery.Thereâsânoâevadingâit,âno,ânotâwithâwealth,orâwar,âorâwalls,âorâblackâsea-beatenâships.
Antistrophe 1 Andâtheâhot-temperedâchildâofâDryas30,kingâofâtheâEdonians,âwasâputâinâprison,closedâupâinâtheârocksâbyâDionysus31,âforâhisâangryâmockingâofâtheâgod.Thereâtheâdreadfulâflowerâofâhisârageâslowlyâwithered,âandâheâcameâtoâknowtheâgodâwhoâinâhisâfrenzyâheâhadâmockedwithâhisâownâtongue.âForâheâhadâtriedtoâholdâinâcheckâwomenâinâthatâfrenzyinspiredâbyâtheâgod,âtheâBacchanalianâfire.MoreâthanâthatâheâdâmadeâtheâMusesâangry,challengingâtheâgodsâwhoâloveâtheâflute.
Strophe 2ââ Besideâtheâblackârocksâwhereâtheâtwinâseasâmeet,byâThracianâSalmydessosâatâtheâBosphorus,closeâtoâtheâplaceâwhereâAresâdwells,â
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29 Danae:âdaughterâofâaâking;âZeusâfellâinâloveâwithâherâandâtheyâhadâaâson,âPerseus 30 child of Dryas:âDryasââson,âwhoâobjectedâtoâtheâworshipâofâDionysus,âwasâimprisonedâandâdrivenâmad;âlaterâheâ
wasâblindedâbyâZeusâasâadditionalâpunishment. 31 Dionysus:âGreekâgodâofâwineâandâsonâofâZeus
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theâwarâgodâwitnessedâtheâunholyâwoundswhichâblindedâtheâtwoâsonsâofâPhineus32,inflictedâbyâhisâsavageâwifeâtheâsightlessâholescriedâoutâforâsomeoneâtoâavengeâthoseâblowsmadeâwithâherâsharpenedâcombâinâblood-stainedâhands.
Antistrophe 2 Inâtheirâmiseryâtheyâwept,âlamentingtheirâwretchedâsuffering,âsonsâofâaâmotherâwhoseâmarriageâhadâgoneâwrong.âAndâyet,âsheâwasâanâoffspringâofâanâancientâfamily,theâraceâofâErechtheus,âraisedâfarâaway,inâcavesâsurroundedâbyâherâfatherâsâwinds,Boreasââchild,âaâgirlâwhoâracedâwithâhorsesacrossâsteepâhillsâchildâofâtheâgods.Butâshe,âtoo,âmyâchild,âsufferedâmuchfromâtheâimmortalâFates.â
[Enter Teiresias, led by a young boy]
TEIRESIASâ LordsâofâThebes,âweâtwoâhaveâwalkedâaâcommonâpath,oneâpersonâsâvisionâservingâbothâofâus.âTheâblindârequireâaâguideâtoâfindâtheirâway.â
CREONâ Whatânewsâdoâyouâhave,âoldâTeiresias?
TEIRESIASâ Iâllâtellâyouâandâyouâobeyâtheâprophet.
CREONâ Iâveânotârejectedâyourâadviceâbefore.
TEIRESIASâ Thatâsâtheâreasonâwhyâyouâveâsteeredâtheâcityonâitsâproperâcourse.
CREONâ â FromâmyâexperienceIâcanâconfirmâtheâhelpâyouâgive.
TEIRESIASâ â Thenâknowâthisâyourâluckâisâonceâmoreâonâfateâsârazorâedge.
CREONâ What?âWhatâyouâveâjustâsaidâmakesâmeânervous.
TEIRESIASâ Youâllâknowâonceâyouâhearâtheâtokensâofâmyâart.AsâIâwasâsittingâinâmyâancientâplaceâreceivingâomensâfromâtheâflightsâofâbirdswhoâallâcomeâthereâwhereâIâcanâhearâthem,âIânoteâamongâthoseâbirdsâanâunknownâcryâevil,âunintelligible,âangryâscreaming.Iâknewâthatâtheyâwereâtearingâatâeachâotherwithâmurderousâclaws.âTheânoisyâwingsrevealedâthatâallâtooâwell.âIâwasâafraid.SoârightâawayâupâonâtheâblazingâaltarIâsetâupâburntâofferings.âButâHephaestus
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32 Phineus:âKingâofâThrace,âwhoâimprisonedâhisâfirstâwifeâCleopatra;âhisânewâwifeâblindedââCleopatraâsâtwoâsonsâoutâofâjealousy.
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failedâtoâshineâoutâfromâtheâsacrificeâdarkâslimeâpouredâoutâontoâtheâembers,oozingâfromâtheâthighs,âwhichâsmokedâandâspat,bileâwasâsprayedâhighâupâintoâtheâair,âandâtheâmeltingâthighsâlostâallâtheâfatwhichâtheyâdâbeenâwrappedâin.âTheâritesâhadâfailedâthereâwasânoâprophecyârevealedâinâthem.Iâlearnedâthatâfromâthisâboy,âwhoâisâmyâguide,asâIâguideâotherâmen.âOurâstateâisâsickâyourâpoliciesâhaveâdoneâthis.âInâtheâcityourâaltarsâandâourâhearthsâhaveâbeenâdefiled,âallâofâthem,âwithârottingâfleshâbroughtâtherebyâbirdsâandâdogsâfromâOedipusââson,whoâliesâthereâmiserablyâdead.âTheâgodsnoâlongerâwillâacceptâourâsacrifice,ourâprayers,âourâthighâbonesâburnedâinâfire.âNoâbirdâwillâshriekâoutâaâclearâsignâtoâus,forâtheyâhaveâgorgedâthemselvesâonâfatâandâbloodfromâaâmanâwhoâsâdead.âConsiderâthis,âmyâson.Allâmenâmakeâmistakesâthatâsânotâuncommon.Butâwhenâtheyâdo,âtheyâreânoâlongerâfoolishâorâsubjectâtoâbadâluckâifâtheyâtryâtoâfixtheâevilâintoâwhichâtheyâveâfallen,onceâtheyâgiveâupâtheirâintransigence.33
Menâwhoâputâtheirâstubbornnessâonâshowinviteâaccusationsâofâstupidity.Makeâconcessionsâtoâtheâdeadâdonâtâeverâstabaâmanâwhoâsâjustâbeenâkilled.âWhatâsâtheâgloryinâkillingâaâdeadâpersonâoneâmoreâtime?âIâveâbeenâconcernedâforâyou.âItâsâgoodâadvice.Learningâcanâbeâpleasantâwhenâaâmanâspeaksâwell,âespeciallyâwhenâheâseeksâyourâbenefit.
CREONâ Oldâman,âyouâreâallâlikeâarchersâshootingâatâmeâForâyouâallâIâveânowâbecomeâyourâtargetâevenâprophetsâhaveâbeenâaimingâatâme.Iâveâlongâbeenâboughtâandâsoldâasâmerchandiseamongâthatâtribe.âWell,âgoâmakeâyourâprofits.Ifâitâsâwhatâyouâwant,âthenâtradeâwithâSardisforâtheirâgolden-silverâalloyâorâforâgoldfromâIndia,âbutâyouâllâneverâhideâthatâcorpseâinâanyâgrave.âEvenâifâZeusââeaglesâshouldâchooseâtoâseizeâhisâfesteringâbodyandâtakeâitâup,ârightâtoâtheâthroneâofâZeus,notâevenâthenâwouldâI,âinâtremblingâfear
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33 intransigence:âbeingâunwillingâtoâagreeâorâcompromise
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ofâsomeâdefilement,âpermitâthatâcorpseaâburial.âForâIâknowâwellâthatânoâmanhasâtheâpowerâtoâpolluteâtheâgods.But,âoldâTeiresias,âamongâhumanâbeingstheâwisestâsufferâaâdisgracefulâfallwhen,âtoâpromoteâthemselves,âtheyâuseâfineâwordstoâspreadâaroundâabusiveâinsults.â
TEIRESIASâ Alas,âdoesâanyâmanâknowâorâthinkâaboutâ.â.â.
CREONâ[interrupting]âThinkâwhat?âWhatâsortâofâpithyâcommonâthoughtareâyouâaboutâtoâutter?
TEIRESIASâ[ignoring the interruption]â.â.â.âhowâgoodâadviceisâvaluableâworthâmoreâthanâallâpossessions.â
CREONâ Iâthinkâthatâsâtrue,âasâmuchâasâfoolishnessisâwhatâharmsâusâmost.
TEIRESIASâ â Yetâthatâsâtheâsicknessnowâinfectingâyou.
CREONâ â Iâhaveânoâdesiretoâdenigrate34âaâprophetâwhenâIâspeak.
TEIRESIASâ Butâthatâsâwhatâyouâareâdoing,âwhenâyouâclaimmyâoraclesâareâfalse.
CREONâ â Theâtribeâofâprophetsâallâofâthemâareâfondâofâmoney
TEIRESIASâ â Andâkings?Theirâtribeâlovesâtoâbenefitâdishonestly.
CREONâ Youâknowâyouâreâspeakingâofâtheâmanâwhoârulesâyou.
TEIRESIASâ Iâknowâthanksâtoâmeâyouâsavedâtheâcityandânowâareâinâcontrol.
CREONâ â Youâreâaâwiseâprophet,butâyouâloveâdoingâwrong.
TEIRESIASâ â Youâllâforceâmetoâspeakâofâsecretsâlockedâinsideâmyâheart.â
CREONâ Doâitâjustâdonâtâspeakâtoâbenefitâyourself.
TEIRESIASâ IâdonâtâthinkâthatâIâllâbeâdoingâthatânotâasâfarâasâyouâreâconcerned.
CREONâ â Youâcanâbeâsureâyouâwonâtâchangeâmyâmindâtoâmakeâyourselfâmoreârich.
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TEIRESIASâ Thenâunderstandâthisâwellâyouâwillânotâseetheâsunâraceâthroughâitsâcycleâmanyâtimesbeforeâyouâloseâaâchildâofâyourâownâloins,aâcorpseâinâpaymentâforâtheseâcorpses.Youâveâthrownâdownâtoâthoseâbelowâsomeonefromâupâaboveâinâyourâarroganceyouâveâmovedâaâlivingâsoulâintoâaâgrave,leavingâhereâaâbodyâownedâbyâgodsâbelowâunburied,âdispossessed,âunsanctified.âThatâsânoâconcernâofâyoursâorâgodsâabove.Inâthisâyouâviolateâtheâonesâbelow.Andâsoâdestroyingâavengersâwaitâforâyou,FuriesâofâHadesâandâtheâgods,âwhoâllâseeyouâcaughtâupâinâthisâveryâwickedness.NowâseeâifâIâspeakâasâsomeoneâwhoâsâbeenâbribed.Itâwonâtâbeâlongâbeforeâinâyourâownâhousetheâmenâandâwomenâallâcryâoutâinâsorrow,andâcitiesâriseâinâhateâagainstâyouâallâthoseâwhoseâmangledâsoldiersâhaveâhadâburialâritesâfromâdogs,âwildâanimals,âorâflyingâbirdswhoâcarryâtheâunholyâstenchâbackâhome,toâeveryâcityâhearth.âLikeâanâarcher,Iâshootâtheseâarrowsânowâintoâyourâheartbecauseâyouâhaveâprovokedâme.âIâmâangryâsoâmyâaimâisâgood.âYouâllânotâescapeâtheirâpain.Boy,âleadâusâhomeâsoâheâcanâventâhisârageonâyoungerâmenâandâkeepâaâquieterâtongueandâaâmoreâtemperateâmindâthanâheâhasânow.
[Exit Teiresias, led by the young boy]
CHORUSâLEADERâ Myâlord,âmyâlord,âsuchâdreadfulâpropheciesâandânowâheâsâgone.âSinceâmyâhairâchangedâcolourfromâblackâtoâwhite,âIâknowâhereâinâtheâcityheâsâneverâutteredâaâfalseâprophecy.
CREONâ Iâknowâthat,âtooâandâitâdisturbsâmyâmind.Itâsâdreadfulâtoâgiveâway,âbutâtoâresistandâletâdestructionâhammerâdownâmyâspiritâthatâsâaâfearfulâoption,âtoo.
CHORUSâLEADERâ â SonâofâMenoikeos,youâneedâtoâlistenâtoâsomeâgoodâadvice.
CREONâ Tellâmeâwhatâtoâdo.âSpeakâup.âIâllâdoâit.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Goâandâreleaseâtheâgirlâfromâherârockâtomb.âThenâprepareâaâgraveâforâthatâunburiedâcorpse.
CREONâ Thisâisâyourâadvice?âYouâthinkâIâshouldâconcede?
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CHORUSâLEADERâ Yes,âmyâlord,âasâfastâasâpossible.Swiftâfootedâinjuriesâsentâfromâtheâgodshackâdownâthoseâwhoâactâimprudently.
CREONâ Alasâitâsâdifficult.âButâIâllâgiveâup.IâllânotâdoâwhatâIâdâsetâmyâheartâupon.Itâsânotârightâtoâfightâagainstânecessity.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Goânowâandâgetâthisâdone.âDonâtâgiveâtheâworktoâotherâmenâtoâdo.
CREONâ â IâllâgoâjustâasâIâam.âCome,âyouâservants,âeachâandâeveryâoneâofâyou.Comeâon.âBringâaxesâwithâyou.âGoâthereâquicklyâupâtoâtheâhigherâground.âIâveâchangedâmyâmind.âSinceâIâmâtheâoneâwhoâtiedâherâup,âIâllâgoandâsetâherâfreeâmyself.âNowâIâmâafraid.Untilâoneâdiesâtheâbestâthingâwellâmayâbetoâfollowâourâestablishedâlaws.â
[Creon and his attendants hurry off stage]
SIXTH ODE
CHORUSâââStrophe 1Ohâyouâwithâmanyânames,youâgloryâofâthatâThebanâbride,andâchildâofâthunderingâZeus,âyouâwhoâcherishâfamousâItaly,andâruleâtheâwelcomingâvalleyâlandsofâEleusianâDeoâOâBacchusâyouâwhoâdwellinâtheâbacchantsââmotherâcityâThebes,besideâIsmenusâ35âflowingâstreams,onâlandâsownâwithâtheâteethofâthatâfierceâdragon.
Antistrophe 1 Aboveâtheâdoubleâmountainâpeaks,theâtorchesâflashingâthroughâtheâmurkyâsmokeâhaveâseenâyouâwhereâCorcyianânymphsmoveâonâasâtheyâworshipâyoubyâtheâKastalianâstream.âAndâfromâtheâivy-coveredâslopesofâNysaâsâhills,âfromâtheâgreenâshoresoârichâinâvines,âyouâcomeâtoâus,visitingâourâThebanâways,whileâdeathlessâvoicesâallâcryâoutinâhonourâofâyourâname,ââEvoe.â36
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âStrophe 2 YouâhonourâThebes,âourâcity,aboveâallâothers,âyouâandâyourâmotherblastedâbyâthatâlightningâstrike.Andânowâwhenâallâourâpeopleâhereâareâcaptiveâtoâaâfoulâdisease,onâyourâhealingâfeetâyouâcomeacrossâtheâmoaningâstraitorâoverâtheâParnassianâhill.
Antistrophe 2 Youâwhoâleadâtheâdance,amongâtheâfire-breathingâstars,whoâguardâtheâvoicesâinâtheânight,âchildâbornâofâZeus,âohâmyâlord,âappearâwithâyourâattendantâThyiads,whoâdanceâinâfrenzyâallânightâlong,forâyouâtheirâpatron,âIacchus.37â
[Enter a Messenger]
MESSENGERâ AllâyouâhereâwhoâliveâbesideâtheâhomeofâAmphionâandâCadmusâinâhumanâlifethereâsânoâsetâplaceâwhichâIâwouldâpraiseâorâblame.Theâluckyâandâunluckyâriseâorâfallbyâchanceâdayâafterâdayâandâhowâtheseâthingsareâfixedâforâmenânoâoneâcanâprophesy.âForâCreon,âinâmyâview,âwasâonceâaâmanweâallâlookedâupâto.âForâheâsavedâtheâstate,thisâlandâofâCadmus,âfromâitsâenemies.Heâtookâcontrolâandâreignedâasâitsâsoleâkingâandâprosperedâwithâtheâbirthâofânobleâchildren.Nowâallâisâgone.âForâwhenâaâmanâhasâlostwhatâgivesâhimâpleasure,âIâdonâtâincludeâhimamongâtheâlivingâheâsâaâbreathingâcorpse.Pileâupâaâmassiveâfortuneâinâyourâhome,ifâthatâsâwhatâyouâwantâliveâlikeâaâking.âIfâthereâsânoâpleasureâinâit,âIâdânotâgivetoâanyâmanâaâvapourâsâshadowâforâit,ânotâcomparedâtoâhumanâjoy.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Haveâyouâcomeâwithânewsâofâsomeâfreshâtroubleinâourâhouseâofâkings?
MESSENGERâ â Theyâreâdeadâandâthoseâaliveâbearâtheâresponsibilityforâthoseâwhoâveâdied.
CHORUSâLEADERâ â Whoâdidâtheâkilling?Whoâsâlyingâdead?âTellâus.
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37 Iacchus:âanotherânameâforâDionysus
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MESSENGERâ â Haemonâhasâbeenâkilled.Noâstrangerâshedâhisâblood.
CHORUSâLEADERâ â Atâhisâfatherâsâhand?Orâdidâheâkillâhimself?
MESSENGERâ â Byâhisâownâhandâangryâatâhisâfatherâforâtheâmurder.â
CHORUSâLEADERâ Teiresias,âhowâyourâwordsâhaveâprovenâtrue!
MESSENGERâ Thatâsâhowâthingsâstand.âConsiderâwhatâcomesânext.
CHORUSâLEADERâ IâseeâCreonâsâwife,âpoorâEurydiceâsheâsâcomingâfromâtheâhouseâeitherâbyâchance,orâelseâsheâsâheardâthereâsânewsâaboutâherâson.
[Enter Eurydice from the palace with some attendants]
EURYDICEâ CitizensâofâThebes,âIâheardâyouâtalking,asâIâwasâwalkingâout,âgoingâoffâtoâpray,toâaskâforâhelpâfromâgoddessâPallas.WhileâIâwasâunfasteningâtheâgate,Iâheardâsomeoneâspeakingâofâbadânewsâaboutâmyâfamily.âIâwasâterrified.Iâcollapsed,âfaintingâbackâintoâtheâarmsofâmyâattendants.âSoâtellâtheânewsâagainâIâllâlisten.âIâmânoâstrangerâtoâmisfortune.
MESSENGERâ Dearâlady,âIâllâspeakâofâwhatâIâsaw,omittingânotâoneâdetailâofâtheâtruth.WhyâshouldâIâeaseâyourâmindâwithâaâreportwhichâturnsâoutâlaterâtoâbeâincorrect?Theâtruthâisâalwaysâbest.âIâwentâtoâtheâplain,accompanyingâyourâhusbandâasâhisâguide.âPolyneicesââcorpse,âstillâunlamented,wasâlyingâthere,âtheâgreatestâdistanceâoff,tornâapartâbyâdogs.âWeâprayedâtoâPlutoandâtoâHecate,âgoddessâofâtheâroad,forâtheirâgoodâwillâandâtoârestrainâtheirârage.âWeâgaveâtheâcorpseâaâritualâwash,âandâburnedwhatâwasâleftâofâitâonâfresh-cutâbranches.Weâpiledâupâaâhighâtombâofâhisânativeâearth.Thenâweâmovedâtoâtheâyoungâgirlâsârockyâcave,theâhollowâcavernâofâthatâbrideâofâdeath.âFromâfarâawayâoneâmanâheardâaâvoicecomingâfromâtheâchamberâwhereâweâdâputâherwithoutâaâfuneralâaâpiercingâcry.HeâwentâtoâtellâourâmasterâCreon,who,âasâheâapproachedâtheâplace,âheardâtheâsound,anâunintelligibleâscreamâofâsorrow.
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unit 4 ⢠Justice 321
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Heâgroanedâandâthenâspokeâoutâtheseâbitterâwords,ââHasâmiseryâmadeâmeâaâprophetânow?AndâamâIâtravellingâalongâaâroadthatâtakesâmeâtoâtheâworstâofâallâdisasters?âIâveâjustâheardâtheâvoiceâofâmyâownâson.Youâservants,âgoâaheadâgetâupâthereâfast.Removeâtheâstonesâpiledâinâtheâentranceâway,thenâstandâbesideâtheâtombâandâlookâinâtheretoâseeâifâthatâwasâHaemonâsâvoiceâIâheard,orâifâtheâgodsâhaveâbeenâdeceivingâme.âFollowingâwhatâourâdesperateâmasterâasked,weâlooked.âInâtheâfurthestâcornerâofâtheâtombâweâsawâAntigoneâhangingâbyâtheâneck,heldâupâinâaânooseâfineâwovenâlinen.âHaemonâhadâhisâarmsâaroundâherâwaistâheâwasâembracingâherâandâcryingâoutinâsorrowâforâtheâlossâofâhisâownâbride,nowâamongâtheâdead,âhisâfatherâsâwork,andâforâhisâhorrifyingâmarriageâbed.Creonâsawâhim,âletâoutâaâfearfulâgroan,thenâwentâinsideâandâcalledâoutâanxiously,âYouâunhappyâboy,âwhatâhaveâyouâdone?Whatâareâyouâthinking?âHaveâyouâlostâyourâmind?Comeâout,âmyâchildâIâmâbeggingâyouâpleaseâcome.ââButâtheâboyâjustâstaredâatâhimâwithâsavageâeyes,spatâinâhisâfaceâand,âwithoutâsayingâaâword,drewâhisâtwo-edgedâsword.âCreonâmovedâaway,soâtheâboyâsâblowâfailedâtoâstrikeâhisâfather.Angryâatâhimself,âtheâill-fatedâladrightâthenâandâthereâleanedâintoâhisâownâsword,drivingâhalfâtheâbladeâbetweenâhisâribs.Whileâstillâconsciousâheâembracedâtheâgirlinâhisâweakâarms,âand,âasâheâbreathedâhisâlast,heâcoughedâupâstreamsâofâbloodâonâherâfairâcheek.âNowâheâliesâthere,âcorpseâonâcorpse,âhisâmarriageâhasâbeenâfulfilledâinâchambersâofâtheâdead.Theâunfortunateâboyâhasâshownâallâmenhow,âofâallâtheâevilsâwhichâafflictâmankind,theâmostâdisastrousâoneâisâthoughtlessness.
[Eurydice turns and slowly returns into the palace]
CHORUSâLEADERâ Whatâdoâyouâmakeâofâthat?âTheâqueenâsâgoneâback.Sheâleftâwithoutâaâword,âgoodâorâbad.
MESSENGERâ Iâmâsurprisedâmyself.âItâsâaboutâherâsonâsheâheardâthatâterribleâreport.âIâhopesheâsâgoneâbecauseâsheâdoesnâtâthinkâitârightâ
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toâmournâforâhimâinâpublic.âInâtheâhome,surroundedâbyâherâservants,âsheâllâarrangeaâperiodâofâmourningâforâtheâhouse.Sheâsâdiscreetâandâhasâexperienceâsheâwonâtâmakeâmistakes.â
CHORUSâLEADERâ â Iâmânotâsureâofâthat.Toâmeâherâstayingâsilentâwasâextremeâitâseemsâtoâpointâtoâsomethingâominous,justâlikeâaâvainâexcessâofâgrief.
MESSENGERâ â Iâllâgoâin.Weâllâfindâoutâifâsheâsâhidingâsomethingâsecret,deepâwithinâherâpassionateâheart.âYouâreârightâexcessiveâsilenceâcanâbeâdangerous.
[The Messenger goes up the stairs into the palace. Enter Creon from the side, with attendants. Creon is holding the body of Haemon]
CHORUSâLEADERâ Hereâcomesâtheâkingâinâpersonâcarryinginâhisâarms,âifâitâsârightâtoâspeakâofâthis,aâclearâreminderâthatâthisâevilâcomesnotâfromâsomeâstranger,âbutâhisâownâmistakes.â
CREONâââStrophe 1 Aaiiiâmistakesâmadeâbyâaâfoolishâmind,cruelâmistakesâthatâbringâonâdeath.Youâseeâusâhere,âallâinâoneâfamilyâtheâkillerâandâtheâkilled.OhâtheâprofanityâofâwhatâIâplanned.âAlas,âmyâson,âyouâdiedâsoâyoungâaâdeathâbeforeâyourâtime.Aaiiiâ.â.â.âaaiiiâ.â.â.âyouâreâdeadâ.â.â.âgoneânotâyourâownâfoolishnessâbutâmine.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Alas,âitâseemsâyouâveâlearnedâtoâseeâwhatâsârightâbutâfarâtooâlate.â
CREONâ â Aaiiiiâ.â.â.âIâveâlearnedâitâinâmyâpain.Someâgodâclutchingâaâgreatâweightâstruckâmyâhead,thenâhurledâmeâontoâpathsâinâwilderness,throwingâdownâandâcastingâunderfootwhatâbroughtâmeâjoy.âSoâsadâ.â.â.âsoâsadâ.â.â.theâwretchedâagonyâofâhumanâlife.â
[The Messenger reappears from the palace]
MESSENGERâ Myâlord,âyouâcomeâlikeâoneâwhoâstoresâupâevil,whatâyouâholdâinâyourâarmsâandâwhatâyouâllâseebeforeâtooâlongâinsideâtheâhouse.â
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CREONâ â Whatâsâthat?Isâthereâsomethingâstillâmoreâevilâthanâallâthis?
MESSENGERâ Yourâwifeâisâdeadâbloodâmotherâofâthatâcorpseâslaughteredâwithâaâswordâherâwoundsâareâveryânew,poorâlady.
CREONâââAntistrophe 1â Aaiiiiâ.â.â.â.âaâgatheringâplaceâforâdeathâ.â.â.noâsacrificeâcanâbringâthisâtoâanâend.âWhyâareâyouâdestroyingâme?âYouâthereâyouâbringerâofâthisâdreadfulânews,âthisâagony,whatâareâyouâsayingânow?âAaiiiâ.â.â.Youâkillâaâmanâthenâkillâhimâonceâagain.Whatâareâyouâsaying,âboy?âWhatânews?Aâslaughterâheapedâonâslaughterâmyâwife,âalasâ.â.â.âsheâsâdead?
MESSENGERâ[opening the palace doors, revealing the body of Eurydice]Lookâhere.âNoâlongerâisâsheâconcealedâinside.
CREONâ Alas,âhowâmiserableâIâfeelâtoâlookâuponthisâsecondâhorror.âWhatâremainsâforâme,whatâsâfateâstillâgotâinâstore?âIâveâjustâheldâmyâownâsonâinâmyâarms,âandânowâIâseerightâhereâinâfrontâofâmeâanotherâcorpse.Alasâforâthisâsufferingâmother.âAlas,âmyâson.
MESSENGERâ Stabbedâwithâaâsharpâswordâatâtheâaltar,sheâletâherâdarkeningâeyesightâfail,onceâsheâhadâcriedâoutâinâsorrowforâtheâgloriousâfateâofâMegareos,38
whoâdiedâsomeâtimeâago,âandâthenâagainforâHaemon,âandâthen,âwithâherâlastâbreath,âsheâcalledâoutâevilâthingsâagainstâyou,theâkillerâofâyourâsons.
CREONâââStrophe 2Aaaiiâ.â.â.âMyâfearânowâmakesâmeâtremble.Whyâwonâtâsomeoneânowâstrikeâoutâatâme,pierceâmyâheartâwithâaâdoubleâbladedâsword?HowâmiserableâIâamâ.â.â.âaaiiiâ.â.â.âhowâfullâofâmiseryâandâpainâ.â.â.
MESSENGERâ Byâthisâwomanâwhoâliesâdeadâyouâstandâchargedwithâtheâdeathsâofâbothâyourâsons.
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38 Megareos:âyoungestâsonâofâCreonâandâEurydice;âanâinexperiencedâsolderâwhoâdiedâinâbattle
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CREONâ â Whatâaboutâher?Howâdidâsheâdieâsoâviolently?
MESSENGERâ â Sheâkilledâherself,âwithâherâownâhandsâsheâstabbedâherâbelly,onceâsheâheardâherâsonâsâunhappyâfate.
CREONâ Alasâforâmeâ.â.â.âtheâguiltâforâallâofâthisâisâmineâitâcanâneverâbeâremovedâfromâmeâorâpassedtoâanyâotherâmortalâman.âI,âandâIâaloneâ.â.â.Iâmurderedâyouâ.â.â.âIâspeakâtheâtruth.Servantsâhurryâandâleadâmeâoff,âgetâmeâawayâfromâhere,âforânowwhatâIâamâinâlifeâisânothing.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Whatâyouâadviseâisâgoodâifâgoodâcanâcomeâwithâallâtheseâevils.âWhenâweâfaceâsuchâthingstheâlessâweâsayâtheâbetter.
CREONâââAntistrophe 2Letâthatâdayâcome,âohâletâitâcome,theâfairestâofâallâdestiniesâforâme,theâoneâwhichâbringsâonâmyâlastâday.âOh,âletâitâcome,âsoâthatâIâneverâseeanotherâdawn.
CHORUSâLEADERâ Thatâsâsomethingâforâtheâtimesâahead.Nowâweâneedâtoâdealâwithâwhatâconfrontsâusâhere.Whatâsâyetâtoâcomeâisâtheâconcernâofâthoseâwhoseâtaskâitâisâtoâdealâwithâit.
CREONâ â InâthatâprayerIâincludedâeverythingâIâmostâdesire.
CHORUSâ â Prayâforânothing.Thereâsânoâreleaseâforâmortalâhumanâbeings,notâfromâeventsâwhichâdestinyâhasâset.
CREONâ Thenâtakeâthisâfoolishâmanâawayâfromâhere.Iâkilledâyou,âmyâson,âwithoutâintendingâto,âandâyou,âasâwell,âmyâwife.âHowâuselessâIâamânow.Iâdonâtâknowâwhereâtoâlookâorâfindâsupport.EverythingâIâtouchâgoesâwrong,âandâonâmyâheadfateâclimbsâupâwithâitsâoverwhelmingâload.â
[The Attendants help Creon move up the stairs into the palace, taking Haemonâs body with them]
CHORUSâ Theâmostâimportantâpartâofâtrueâsuccessisâwisdomânotâtoâactâimpiouslytowardsâtheâgods,âforâboastsâofâarrogantâmenâbringâonâgreatâblowsâofâpunishmentâsoâinâoldâageâmenâcanâdiscoverâwisdom.
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unit 4 ⢠Justice 325