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AdWa
dvantaterp
tagesroofi
P
s of thng Syenetr
he Peystemron® A
enetrm witAdm
on® Ih a foix
ntegrocus
ral on
Conte
1. Intr
2. Pro
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
3. Wa
3.1.
3.2.
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
ents
roduction ...
oblems asso
Corrosion
Carbonat
Cracking
3.1. Plast
3.2. Dryin
3.3. Ther
3.4. D-Cr
Alkali Silic
Damage d
Concrete
Sulfate at
Concrete
aterproofing
How it wo
Features
2.1. Perm
2.2. Self-
2.3. Corro
2.4. Prote
2.5. Prote
2.6. Crac
2.7. Incre
2.8. Resis
2.9. Chem
2.10. Resis
2.11. Com
2.12. Preve
2.13. Limit
2.13.1. Co
2.13.2. Ac
2.13.3. Co
.................
ociated with
n ................
ion ............
.................
tic shrinkag
ng shrinkage
mal cracks
racking ......
ca Reaction
due to freez
deterioratio
ttack ..........
structures
g with Penet
orks ...........
and benefit
manent conc
healing con
osion protec
ection again
ection again
k bridging a
ease in com
stance agai
mical resista
stance to fre
patibility wit
ention of Al
ations .......
old joints ....
ctive leaks ..
oncrete defe
..................
h concrete w
..................
..................
..................
e cracking .
e ...............
..................
..................
n (ASR) .....
ze-thaw cyc
on due to ch
..................
in marine e
tron Admix
..................
ts of Penetr
crete protec
ncrete .........
ction of rein
nst chloride
nst carbona
ability of Pe
pressive str
inst high wa
ance ..........
eeze-thaw c
th common
kali-Silica-R
..................
..................
..................
ects ............
..................
waterproofin
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
cles ............
hemical atta
..................
environment
..................
..................
ron Admix ..
ction ...........
..................
nforcement
penetration
tion ............
netron .......
rength ........
ater pressur
..................
cycles ........
ly-used con
Reaction (A
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
ng .............
..................
..................
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..................
..................
..................
..................
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..................
ack ............
..................
ts ...............
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
steel with P
n ................
..................
..................
..................
re ..............
..................
..................
ncrete mix d
ASR) ...........
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Penetron Ad
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designs (Pe
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dmix...........
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enetron Adm
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mix) .. 28
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3.2
3.2
4. At
5. Co
5.1.
6. Ap
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.4.
6.5
7. Ap
7.1.
7.2.
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
7.5
7.5
7.6
8. Ap
8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
8.4.
8.5.
9. Co
2.13.4. Str
2.13.5. Ex
one glance
omparison o
Comparis
plication ins
Descriptio
Dosage R
Mixing ....
3.1. Read
3.2. Read
3.3. Preca
3.4. Tech
Setting tim
5. Limitati
plication ins
Descriptio
Consump
2.1. Cons
2.2. Cons
2.3. Blind
Surface P
Mixing ....
Applicatio
5.1. Slurr
5.2. Dry p
6. Post tre
plication ins
Descriptio
Coverage
Applicatio
Curing ....
Technica
ontact and D
ructural crac
xposed conc
- Benefit ov
of Penetron
son between
structions –
on ..............
Rate ...........
.................
dy Mix Plan
dy Mix Plan
ast Batch P
hnical Servic
me and stre
ons ...........
structions –
on ..............
ption ..........
struction sla
struction join
ding concret
Preparation
.................
on ..............
ry consisten
powder con
eatment .....
structions –
on ..............
e ................
on Procedur
.................
l Services .
Disclaimer ..
cks ............
crete structu
verview .....
products w
n Penetron
– Penetron A
..................
..................
..................
t – Dry Batc
t - Central M
Plant ...........
ces ............
ength ..........
..................
– Penetron .
..................
..................
abs .............
nts .............
te ...............
..................
..................
..................
ncy .............
sistency (fo
..................
– Penetron P
..................
..................
res .............
..................
..................
..................
..................
ures (therm
..................
with other wa
and hydrop
Admix ........
..................
..................
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ch Operatio
Mix Operati
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or horizonta
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Plus ...........
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..................
..................
..................
..................
mal cracks)..
..................
aterproofing
phobic pore
..................
..................
..................
..................
on ...............
on .............
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l surface on
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g systems ..
blockers ...
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nly) .............
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........ 30
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Table o
Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6internalFigure 7EttringitFigure 8Figure 9Figure 1Figure 1Figure 1Figure 1Figure 1Figure 1Figure 1(ENCOFigure 1Sor, USFigure 1 ...........Figure 1Figure 2Figure 2Figure 2Figure 2 ...........Figure 2Figure 2UniversFigure 2Figure 2Figure 2Figure 2
of Figures
1 Corrosion2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Scanning cracks due7 Detail of ate is also pr8 Examples9 Example 10 Example11 How Pen12 Scannin13 Test set14 Water flo15 Water flo16 Excerpt:, 2006) ......17 Excerpt:
SA, 2005) ...18 Excerpt:..................19 Seawall 20 The Cap21 Backsca22 Needle-l23 Excerpt:..................24 OFI sam25 Excerpt:sity of Bolog26 Universi27 Universi28 Milan So29 SABESP
n stages .....of plastic shof drying shof thermal cof D-crackin electron me to ASR; craggregate sresent withis of ASR daof freeze-th
e of concretnetron workg Electron Mup, MFPA Low through ow through Permeabil................. Chloride p................. Results of .................treated with
pri, Miami Battered Eleclike, elonga Permeabil.................
mple set-up Test result
gna, Italy, 20ty of Bolognty of Bologn
outh Waste P Sewage T
..................hrinkage crahrinkage cracracking ....ng ..............icroscope iracks extenshowing alkn some cra
amage ........haw damagete damage cks ...............MicroscopeLeipzig, Ger0.2mm cra0.25mm crity of Penet..................ermeability ..................the rapid c..................h Penetron ay, USA. B
ctron Image ated Penetroity results o..................(Penetron “ts for Penet005 ...........na: Chemicna: ChemicWater Trea
Treatment P
..................acks ...........acks ...............................................mage of ch
nd into the akali-silica gecks ..............................e on roads caused by c..................
e Photograprmany, 200ck at water
rack at watetron-Admix-..................of Penetro..................hloride pen..................Admix, Por
Basement st(BEI) of Pe
on forming iof cracked c..................“sandwich-stron Admix ..................
cal resistanccal resistancatment PlanPlant, Brazil
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................ert aggrega
adjacent cemel extruded ....................................and bridge chemical at..................
ph of Penetr06 ...............
pressures er pressures-treated con..................n Admix (AA..................etration tes..................rtocel, Aractructure treaenetron crysin the crack
concrete sam..................system”) ....under 20 ba..................ce test - Tesce test - resnt, Italy .......l .................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................ate particle wment paste into cracks ....................................decks ........tack .............................ron crystals ..................of 0.1, 0.5 as of 0.1, 0.5ncrete vs. co..................ASHTO-T-2..................
st at Sardar ..................ruz, Brazil..
ated with Pestals forminks ...............mples treate....................................ar head wat..................st set up .....ults ................................................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................with numer.................within the c
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................s ...................................and 1.0 bar
5 and 1.0 baontrol samp..................277: Shime..................Patel, India
..................
..................enetron Admg in a crack..................ed with Pen....................................ter pressure..........................................................................................
Page | 3
.......... 5
.......... 8
.......... 8
.......... 8
.......... 8 ous .......... 9 concrete. .......... 9 .......... 9 ........ 10 ........ 11 ........ 13 ........ 13 ........ 14
r ....... 15 ar ..... 15 ple ........ 17 l and ........ 18 a, 2009........ 18 ........ 19 mix ... 19 k. ...... 20 ........ 20
netron........ 21 ........ 21 e, ........ 25 ........ 26 ........ 27 ........ 28 ........ 28
1. Intr
Penetrothree deThis docontact
The texPenetrodurabili
2. Pro
Concrepossessshapedhigh-qustage ointerfaczone, ware protemperatransitiopores aporosityThis wildamagedeterior
Water (agent foform of importaexposu
With eawater a
The proconstan
The foll
roduction
on integral cecades to e
ocument exp with water
xt further elaon® integral ty of concre
oblems ass
te is the moses a relativ rather eas
uality concreof the concrecial transmiswhich existsne to crackature stresson zone areand microcray of the conll result in ces caused bration and w
(seawater, gor both creaconcrete de
ance, the prre to cycles
ach of theseare implicate
oblem of pontly exposed
owing chap
concrete caeffectively wplains the mand under
aborates onconcrete c
ete and effe
ociated wit
ost commonvely good reily into varioetes – is a pete will leavssion zones between thing during tses and extee usually laracks (especcrete matrixorrosion of by water-boweakening t
groundwateation and deeteriorationincipal caus
s of freezing
e four causeed in the me
rosity and cd to differen
pter focuses
apillary watewaterproof amost commo
different en
n how to addapillary wat
ectively prot
th concrete
nly-used maesistance toous shapes porous mateve millions os (IZT) – a phe hydratedhe hardeninernally applger than mocially if interx and will athe embedd
orne salts anthe strength
er, river wateestruction o. Field expeses for deteg and thawin
es of concreechanisms o
cracking of cnt loads, str
s on the maj
erproofing sand protect on problemsnvironmenta
dress and pterproofing tect structur
e waterpro
an made coo water and and sizes.erial. Evapoof pores andpart of the cd cement pang stage of lied loads. Tost capillaryrconnectedllow air andded reinforcnd chemicah of the con
er, lake watof concrete –erience shoerioration arng, alkali-si
ete deterioraof expansio
concrete is ress redistri
ajor deterior
ystems areconcrete sts associateal conditions
prevent thessystems in res.
oofing
onstruction md structural c
Despite its orating exced capillaries
concrete micaste and lar
the concretThese microy cavities prthroughout
d water to encement stee
als and furthcrete, direc
ter, snow, ic– and is dee
ows that, in re the corroslica reaction
ation, the peon and crac
increased ibution and
ation cause
being usedructures arod with concs.
se problemsorder to en
material in tconcrete eledurability, c
ess water ins in concretecrostructurege particleste due to shocracks in tresent in thet the concrenter the harel and in othher contributctly affecting
ce and vapoeply involveorder of decsion of reinfn, and chem
ermeability king.
in structurestectonic sei
es of concre
d for more tound the wocrete structu
s with the hnhance the
the world. Itements canconcrete –
n the hydrate. Further t
e that descrs of aggregahrinkage, the interfacie concrete.
ete) increaserdened concher concrette to the g its durabil
or) is a primed in nearly creasing forced steemical attack
and presen
s that are ismic influe
ete:
Page | 4
han orld. ure in
elp of
t n be even ion he ibes the ate –
ial The
e the crete. e
ity.
mary every
l, k.
nce of
nces.
2.1.
The corespeciaelectrocaccompoxidatiois then complestrength
Corrosisteel anconcretthe less
If only othe conintroduc
Figure 1
Hydratecalciumalkalineand stroonce ththe pH passivitthe paschloridesalt solu
Corrosion
rrosion of thally concretechemical prpanied by aon - can be leading to cte loss of thh and ultima
on can occnd aluminumte then effecs active met
one type of centration oced to the c
Corrosion st
ed Portland m hydroxide e environmeongly adhere alkalies aof the concty of steel a
ssivating filme in concretutions and s
he steel reine that is locrocess and n increase as much as
concrete exhe concreteately its failu
ur when twom), becausectively becotal corrodes
steel is preof dissolvedconcrete by
tages
cement coin order to
ent (pH valurent iron-oxand most of rete surrou
and allowingm is destroye are admixseawater.
nforcement ated near obasically is in volume (ws 600 percepansion ancover. The
ure.
o dissimilar e each metaomes a batts.
sent in the d ions, suchwater pene
ntains alkalmaintain an
ue above 11ide film thatthe calcium
nding the reg the corrosyed even at xtures, salt-
is the mostor under wa
the transfowhich in so
ent of the ord cracking,
e final result
r metals areal has a unitery. When
concrete, ch as alkaliesetrating into
lies in the pn alkalinity l1.5) normal t makes the
m hydroxideeinforcemenion processpH values
-contaminat
t common ster. Corrosirmation of m
ome cases –riginal steel)
followed byt will be the
e embeddedique electrothe metals
corrosion is s and chlorid the pores a
ore fluid anlevel with a steel and ir
e metals pae have eithent may drops to start. Inof above 11ted aggrega
ource of dison of steel metallic iron– depending). This expay spalling anweakening
d into concreochemical pare in conta
generated bdes. These and microcr
d a sufficiepH value a
ron form a tssive to cor
er carbonatep below 11.5 the presen
1.5. The maate and pen
stress in cois an
n to rust, whg on the staansion of thend eventua
g of the struc
ete (such apotential. Thact in an ele
by differenc ions are racks.
nt amount oabove 12. Inthin, impermrrosion. Howed or leache5 destroying
nce of chlorain causes onetration of
Page | 5
ncrete,
hich is ate of e rebar lly to a ctures’
s e.g. he ectrolyte,
ces in
of solid n an meable wever, ed away, g the ide ions of deicing
2.2.
Carbonwith hydhydroxi
This reairon-oxi
Carbonof carbo25% relAbove 7inducedshaded
Carboncorrosiorequiredto 11, thchloridenot influ
2.3.
Cracks and checan havtypes of
Plastic before iplaced developconcretnature aa possistarting
Carbonatio
ation occurdroxides, sude, calcium
action reducde film of th
ation is higonation occlative humid75% relatived corrosion from sunlig
ation of conon. In new cd to start cohe chloride e ions, howeuence the ra
Cracking
generally inemicals to eve a numbef cracks in c
2.3.1. Plas
shrinkage cit has set. Tconcrete ex
p in the weate below theand do not ble entry-po point of the
on
rs when caruch as calc
m carbonate
ces the pH he steel is n
hly dependecur when thedity, the dege humidity, often occur
ght, and hav
ncrete also concrete witorrosion of ethreshold foever, carboate of corro
ncrease theenter the coer of causesconcrete str
stic shrinka
cracks occuThis happenxceeds the ak, hardenine drying surintersect thoint for watee deteriorat
rbon dioxideium hydroxis formed.
of the pore not stable a
ent on the re relative hugree of carbmoisture in
rs on areas ve low conc
lowers the th a pH of 1embedded sor corrosionnation destsion.
e porosity ofoncrete and s. In this docructures.
ge cracking
ur due to a rns when therate at whicng plastic corface layer. e perimeterer and chemion process
e from the aide, to form
solution to nd corrosio
relative humumidity is mbonation than the pores
of building crete cover
amount of c12 to 13, absteel. If, hown is significatroys the pa
f concrete aaccelerate
cument we
g
rapid loss ofe rate of evach bleed waoncrete as aPlastic shrir of the slabmicals into ts.
air penetratem carbonates
as low as 8n will set in
midity of themaintained bat takes plarestricts COfacades thaover the re
chloride ionbout 7,000 towever, the pantly lower—assive film o
and allow wits deterioronly want t
f water fromaporation ofater can repa result of tnkage crac
b. However,the concrete
es the concrs. In the rea
8.5, at which.
concrete. Tbetween 50%ce is consid
O2 penetratat are exposinforcing ste
s needed too 8,000 ppmpH is lowere
—at or belowof the reinfor
ater and waation. Cracko focus on t
m the surfacf surface molace it. Tenhe restraintks are usua like every c
e structure a
rete and reaaction with c
h level the p
The highest% and 75%dered insigntion. Carbonsed to rainfeel.
o promote m of chloridred to a rangw 100 ppmrcement, bu
ater-borne sking of concthe most co
ce of concreoisture of fr
nsile stresset provided bally shallow crack they and as such
Page | 6
acts calcium
passive
t rates %. Below nificant. nation-fall,
es are ge of 10 . Like ut does
salts crete ommon
ete reshly es by the
in provide h a
As almocementto shrincauses the mos
Thermastructurthe coorestraincracks watmospto heat contracand conover tim
D-cracpavemeconcretbegins bottom
2.3.2. Dry
ost every cot, much of thkage, provitensile stre
st common
2.3.3. The
al cracking tre or its surr
oler portion ont causes tewill occur. I
pheric tempeup and exp
ction of the cntraction of
me.
2.3.4. D-C
king is a forents (usuallte ultimatelyto crack anof the slab
ing shrinkag
oncrete mixhe remaininded by the
esses to devcause of co
ermal cracks
takes placeroundings. Tover the wa
ensile stressn some climerature diffepand. At nigconcrete mathe concret
Cracking
rm of freezey taking pla
y saturates d subsequeand progre
ge
x design conng water evasubgrade,
velop in theoncrete crac
s
if an excesThis differe
armer part oses that excmate zones erences. Duht the air teass. This cate in air tem
e-thaw-cycleace along ththe aggregaently crack oesses upwar
ntains moreaporates, creinforceme
e hardened cking.
ssive tempence in temp
of the concrceed the plathermal cra
uring daytimemperature an cause co
mperature di
e deteriorathe joints). Wate. Once fropen the cords to the s
e water thanausing the ent or anothconcrete. R
erature diffeperature cauete. This re
aced concreacks can oc
me high temfalls signific
oncrete to cifferences th
tion and ofteWater accumree-thaw cyoncrete. Thiurface.
n is needed concrete to her part of thRestraint to d
rence existsuses a highstrains the
ete’s tensile ccur as a resperatures ccantly and lcrack. Due these cracks
en observedmulation in tycles set in ts process u
to hydrate o shrink. Reshe structuredrying shrin
s within a cher contractcontraction
e strength, thsult of the
cause the coeading to ato the expans widen furt
d in concrethe base of the aggregausually start
Page | 7
the straint e, nkage is
concrete ion of
n. If the hermal
oncrete a nsion ther
te the ate ts at the
Figure 2 E
Figure 4 E
2.4.
Alkali-stogetheserious sometimin the aaggregaincreasfailure o
In orderfrom oth
Example of plas
Example of ther
Alkali Silic
ilica reactioer with the m expansion
mes necessalkaline cemate (e.g. ches in volumof concrete.
r for ASR toher sources
stic shrinkage c
rmal cracking
a Reaction
on (ASR) is much less co
and crackinsary demolit
ment pore soert, quartzit
me by taking. This gel ca
o occur in cos), a reactiv
cracks
(ASR)
the most coommon formng in concretion. ASR isolution in thete, opal, stra
g up water aan occur in
oncrete a se aggregate
ommon formm alkali-carete, resultins caused bye concrete ained quart
and so exertcracks and
ufficiently he (e.g. cher
Figur
Figur
m of alkali-arbonate-reang in major sy a reaction and reactivtz crystals). ts an expan even within
high alkali cort or quartzit
re 3 Example of
re 5 Example of
aggregate rection ACR –structural pof betweene forms of sA gel is pro
nsive pressun the aggre
ontent of thete) and fina
f drying shrinka
f D‐cracking
eaction (AA– and can c
problems ann the hydroxsilica in the oduced, thaure, resultin
egate particl
e cement (oally water is
Page | 8
age cracks
AR) – cause nd xyl ions
at ng in the es.
or alkali needed
for the rsilica ge
The besavailablequivaleequivale3.5kg/m
Figure 6 SaggregateASR; crack
Figure 8 E
2.5.
In cold attributaworks. Wconcretwill expgenerat
reaction. If el formation
st way to avle. In this caent (in %) oent value do
m3).
Scanning electroe particle with nks extend into
Examples of AS
Damage d
climates daable to freezWater molete pores and
pand in voluted by the e
no water is n requires w
void ASR isase it is essof all producoes not exc
on microscopenumerous intethe adjacent ce
R damage
due to freeze
amage to coze-thaw cyc
ecules are vd capillariesme and dila
expansion. T
present in twater.
s to use nonsential for thcts used in tceed the acc
image of chertrnal cracks dueement paste
e-thaw cycl
oncrete pavcles is one overy small as. Once watate the concThis pressu
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Figureextruprese
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te, no ASR w
ggregates, mix designe mix. This mount per m
e 7 Detail of agded into cracksent within some
taining wallsr causes fo
re able to peered the capor cavity by
wly – over th
will take pla
which are nner to be awis to ensure
m3 (usually s
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s, bridge der repair andenetrate evepillary systeexerting hy
he span of m
ace as the a
not always ware of the Ne that the Nset around
ng alkali‐silica oncrete. Ettring
ecks and rad maintenanen the finesem and freeydraulic presmultiple cyc
Page | 9
alkali-
Na2O-Na2O
gel gite is also
ilings nce st ezes it ssure les –
widen tthe conDamagconcretdrasticawhich cconcretchloride
Figure 9 E
2.6.
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he pores orcrete wherees caused te due to proally enhancecan lead to mte will ultimae and water
Example of free
Concrete d
hydrated ceranging fromons and thelevel. Depe
er. The effecy and permeation of thee and acce
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r capillariese the procesby freeze-thogressive eed if moistumaximum sately exposer penetration
eze‐thaw dama
deterioratio
ement pastem 12.5 to 13 concrete th
ending on thcts of concreability, cra
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deterioration
cks by acidon-expansi
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water in theted once thare most co
of the cemencing salts –he concrete edded reinfo
nd bridge decks
emical atta
a very alkaliesult of the cenvironmen
f the attackichemical a
spalling and and persis
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xt this documroducts (duali-aggregat
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orcement st
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d subsequenting exposucrete over t
s promoting salts and s
ment will focue to internate reaction (
ws it will advreezes agaracking andhe freeze-thad maintenapalling and ceel to corro
ment in conween acidic
bed and leadal concrete dys result in antly in a losure to the chtime.
the formatiolutions concus on otheal stress), su(AAR) and c
vance deepain and so fod spalling of haw effect isance – are pcracking of
osion due to
ncrete with pc environmed to a lowerdeterioratesan increasess of strengthemical atta
on of solubntaining
er chemical uch as sulfacorrosion.
Page | 10
per into orth. fs present, the
o
pH ental ring of s slower
e of the th. The ack
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Crackineasily adeterior
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2.8.
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kening of thegregates, suered as intet containingand the aggron of ettringulfate ions rhydrate. Onion that lea
Concrete s
arine environnclude prim
nd chlorideson of the rengling of the
Figure 10 E
ack
n result eithin the comp
ling allows aesult of incr
e affected co
e concrete iuch as causrnal sulfate an unusuaregate-cemgite around released bynce the sulfds to crack
structures in
nment concmarily the chs during wetinforcemenese effects
Example of con
er in an exppressive stre
aggressive reased permoncrete. Th
is achieved sed by delay
attack as itally high sulfent paste inthe aggrega
y the decomfate ions areing.
n marine en
crete is expohemical reatting/drying t steel and concrete st
ncrete damage
pansion andength.
and corrosmeability, whis is also kn
through theyed ettringitt involves sfate contentnterface resates. DEF o
mposition of e desorbed
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osed to a coction of seaconditions,physical ero
tructures in
caused by chem
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ive (groundwhich will effnown as ex
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s
ombination awater with freeze-thawosion due tomarine env
mical attack
of concrete
) water to pfectively accternal sulfa
ent of the cen (DEF), whcontained inses cracks an expanse late ages re absorbedmation of et
of deteriorathe concretw-cycles in o wave acti
vironments b
or lead to a
penetrate mcelerate the
ate attack.
ement pastehich is usuan the concrein the cemeion due to t
s of the concd by calciumttringite cau
ation effectste, penetratcold climaton. Due to bear higher
Page | 11
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Penetroadvancrelated unusua
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Page | 12
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Page | 13
sed
ture the time ult the y “self-
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Penetrohealing crystalscracks Admix wcracks a
A test pPenetrocontain(contain(containcreate aat eachfigure 1over timthe preswas mepressurobserve
1 MFPA Lconcrete
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H, Germany – Dns with and wi
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A in Leipzig,rete. In orde
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ar (10m wate
13 Test setu
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, Germany1
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mn) and the whan 5 cubic. In both cas
pzig, German
ngineering: “Agent Penetron
ides projectreacts with enter throu
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ts with a semoisture to
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Page | 14
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and 1.0 bar
and 1.0 bar
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Page | 15
0.1 bar,
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By sealformatiocorrosivand othby breathe prot
A test ppenetrathe con
In the sof cemepressurthe samadditionatm (5 b
The Pewater presults.
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Page | 16
er and rides orrosion and
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Apart fr(Penetrpreventpreventdue to wdiffusiothe rein
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3 ElectrocStuttgart,4 Testing Report N
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“PENETRON A
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Page | 17
2006)
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MFPA
atories Inc.,
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Figure 17
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Figure 18
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Page | 18
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Page | 19
sement
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Figure 2Penetron In orderENCO
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7 MicroscPte Ltd., 8 Evaluattest serieLaborato
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sts were pered:
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end of the 6ce pieces p
meability test
sults of thes
copic analysis Singapore, 20
tion of the effices) C) Effect ory, Italy, 2005
ered Electron rming in a cra
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60 days bothprepared ust according
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EN 12390-
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Page | 20
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Figure 23
The surtightnessample
In a tesjoints wcasted water p25mm tconcretlayer.
9 Water pReport N
3 Excerpt: Pe
rface treatmss, even ims.
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penetration of
No.: 303.897-1;
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Figure 2
concrete spec; OFI Technol
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24 OFI sample s
cimen treated logie & Innova
cked concrete
the crackedce compare
n Vienna, Aung. An addgure 24). Thwed that the
Due to the cs stopped 3m
set‐up (Penetro
with “Penetroation GmbH, V
e samples tre
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on “sandwich‐s
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eated with Pe
totally restontreated, un
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system”)
OENORM B 33a, 2005
enetron
ored the wadamaged c
aining horizconcrete wasubjected to the untreaded, upper
he actual Pe
303, 2002-09-
Page | 21
ater control
zontal as to a ated
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When acreatedresults
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The comages bethan thasignificaPenetrobenefit the con
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28 91
mpressive setween 3 daat of Mix-C antly increaon Admix wof the rapidstruction pr
crease in cote. In more ed to be higessive strents will not ne
3.2.8. Res
on productsmpermeableres in undertatic pressu
ustralian Centrconcrete modif
rease in com
netron (esp all capillari
ase in the co
t the Univermples (1% bd to the con
ailed results9:
ay)
(Pe
strength of tays to 91 da(80mm). It
ased the conas proportio
d early strenrocess.
ompressive porous typeher than in gth varies begatively af
sistance aga
s effectively e against war extreme cores.
re for Construfied with Pene
mpressive s
pecially Penes and voidompressive
rsity of Newby weight of trol sample
s obtained in
CompresMix-P
netron Adm23.0 31.4 42.5 46.8
the Mix-P ways despitewas apparencrete strenonately greangth gain is
strength dees of concremore dens
between diffffect the com
ainst high w
seal concreater ingressonditions an
uction Innovatietron Admix”; A
strength
netron Admids with insoe strength o
w South Waf cement) sis.
n this test c
ssive Streng
mix) (c
was 1.22 to the slump
ent that the ngth. The inater at the epermit strip
epends to a ete the incree types of c
fferent typesmpressive s
water pressu
ete pores, cs and chemind waterpro
ion University ACCI Ref.No.
ix) a denseroluble crystaf the treated
les10 in Ausgnificantly i
campaign ac
gth (MPa) Mix-C
control sam16.7 24.2 33.2 38.2
1.37 times of Mix-P (13use of the Pcrease in cearly ages oping of form
great extenease in comconcrete. Ass of concretstrength of t
ure
capillaries aical attacksoofs concre
of New South 58324, 2002
r mass of thal formationd concrete.
stralia showncreased th
ccording to
ple)
of that of th30mm) beinPenetron Aompressiveof 3 and 7 dwork earlie
nd on the pompressive sts such the cte. In any cathe concrete
nd microcra. Penetron pte even aga
h Wales: “Prop
he concretes. This usu
wed that Penhe compres
the Austral
Ratio of Mto Mix-
1.37 1.30 1.28 1.22
he control Mng much hig
Admix in cone strength bdays. An imer and to spe
orosity of thtrength is uchange in ase Penetroe.
acks and mprotects coainst high
perties of type
Page | 22
is ally
netron ssive
ian
Mix-P C
Mix-C at gher ncrete by the portant eed up
he sually
on
make ncrete
GP
A test epenetra(20MPaStandar
The con
Water p
Day 1-2Day 3: Day 4-7
After ththen driapplied sealed
11 Penetr
executed at ation of watea, w/c=0.54rd NBR 10.
ncrete samp
pressures w
2: 0.1 0.3
7: 0.7
e first weekied and the water presby Penetro
ration of water
the IPT Laber under pre, 1% Penet787/94.
ples were c
were applied
MPa (1 barMPa (3 barMPa (7 bar
k the water test repeat
ssures of upn Admix an
r under pressu
boratories iessure into ron Admix b
casted and c
d over the p
r) r) r)
penetrationted for a secp to 7 bar alld no furthe
ure; Instituto d
n Sao Paulporous Penby weight o
cured in wa
period of on
n into the sacond, third l microcrackr water was
de Pesquisas T
o, Brazil11 enetron Adm
of cement) a
ater for 28 d
e week:
ample was oand fourth wks, pores ans able to pe
Tecnologicas
examined thix-treated c
according to
ays.
observed. Tweek. After nd capillarienetrate into
(IPT), Sao Pa
he water concrete sao Brazilian
The sample r four weekses had beeno the sample
aulo, Brazil, 20
Page | 23
mples
was s of n es.
007
After onpenetrasample becausfully foris used
After thinto thealmost week be
The abopressurPenetrosample control
12 Determconcrete University
ne week of wation of app can be obse the crysta
rmed yet. Thto grow the
e third weee sample ha50% compaefore.
ove test shores of up to on Admix ag shows signsample.
mination of the
test pieces aty of Bologna –
water pressroximately 7served. Thisals in the sahe water in e crystals fu
k, the wateas decreaseared to the
ows Penetro7 bar. A tes
gainst a wanificant redu
e water absorpt the Laborato– Department
sure a wate75% into ths is possibleample have the capillar
urther.
r penetratioed again by results of th
on Admix-trst campaignter pressureuction the p
ption at atmosprio del Consorof Earth, Geo
r e e, not
ries
Aftewatecrys
on
he
Aftepresthe cconccomwith
reated concn at the Unie of 2000 k
permeability
pheric pressurzio Cave (Qu
ological and En
r two weekser penetratiostals continu
r the fourth ssure no wacapillaries ocrete. The c
mpletely andstanding th
crete compliversity of BPa (20 bar)
y (water pen
re and under puarry Consortiunvironmental
s a significaon can be n
ue to form in
week of apater is able tof the Penetcrystals hav sealed thee water pre
etely dry unBologna12, It). The Penenetration) co
pressure of a um LaboratorySciences, Italy
ant reductionoticed withnside the co
pplied waterto penetratetron Admix
ve now forme concrete essure.
nder hydrostaly in 2005etron-treatedompared to
total of 42 cyly) of Bologna;y, 2005
Page | 24
n in the h the oncrete.
r e into treated
med
static tested d the
lindrical ;
Figure 25Bologna
The possolutiontunnels
Penetroagainst
Accordatreated hydrogecalcium
For thisbatches
1st batc
2nd batcof 2% b
Both co
13 VerificaConsorziGeologic
5 Excerpt: Tea, Italy, 2005
ssibility to wn for concre, etc.
3.2.9. Che
on not only chemical a
ant tests weconcrete sa
en chloride m chloride (C
s test on Aps, each con
h: “Concret
ch: “Concreby weight of
ontrol and tr
ation of resistaio Cave (Quarcal and Environ
est results fo
withstand hiete structure
emical resis
effectively wattacks of va
ere undertaamples wer(HCldil), dilu
CaCl2) and s
ril 4, 2005 tsisting of 5
te B”: define
te PA”: defif the cemen
reated conc
ance to chemirry Consortiumnmental Scien
r Penetron Ad
gh hydrostaes such as h
stance
waterproofsarious chem
ken at the Ure exposed uted sulfuricsodium hyd
ten (10) cylipieces, we
ed as white,
ned as connt.
crete sample
ical attack on
m Laboratory) nces, Italy, 200
Admix under 2
atic pressurhydroelectri
s concrete smicals with a
University oto various c
c acid (H2SOdroxide (NaO
indrical conre prepared
, i.e. concre
ncrete made
es had a w/
ten (10) cylindof Bologna; U05
20 bar head w
re makes Peic dams, lar
structures, ba pH range
of Bologna13
chemical soO4dil), a comOH).
crete test pd.
ete made wi
e adding Pe
/c = 0.45.
drical concreteUniversity of Bo
water pressur
enetron Admrge water ta
but also profrom 3-11.
3, Italy wherolutions inclmbination of
ieces, divid
ithout addin
netron Adm
e test pieces aologna – Depa
re, University
mix an effecanks, sea w
otects concr
re Penetronuding dilutef the former
ded into two
ng Penetron
mix in perce
at the Laboratoartment of Ear
Page | 25
y of
ctive alls,
rete
n-Admix ed r,
o
n Admix
ntages
orio del rth,
The conConsor20 ± 2°Ctemperacycles c
The labsolution7928 an
For the “Determ
As the tsolutionbetweewith diludiluted observe
ncrete to bertium LaboraC and RH 9ature of 20 carried out a
boratory wanns containinnd 8019. Ob
Figu
visual evalmination of c
table belowns to penetrn 3 and 11 uted hydroghydrogen ced at the co
e tested wasatory) of Bo95% ±3 RH± 2°C until at 24-hour i
nted to verifng different bservations
ure 26 Univer
uation of chchemical re
w shows Penrate into its in constant
gen chloridechloride andontrol sampl
s prepared ologna and c. They werea constant intervals an
fy the resisthydrogen io
s were carrie
rsity of Bolog
hemical resesistance – u
netron Admsurface. Tht contact ane (HCldil), dild diluted sulle.
at the Labocured theree then conddensity was
nd with a dif
tance to cheon concentred out after
gna: Chemica
istance stanunglazed til
mix treated che samplesnd improvedluted sulfurfuric acid, w
oratorio del e for 28 daysditioned in as reached, fference in d
emical attacrations accor 7 and 28 d
al resistance
ndard UNI Eles” was ap
concrete didresisted all
d the conditiic acid (H2Swhere pene
Consorzio Cs in a climair with RH oevaluated bdensity infer
ck of these ording to tesdays of expo
test - Test se
EN ISO 105plied.
d not permit solutions won of the sa
SO4dil), a comtration into
Cave (Quaratic test chaof 65% ±3 aby 2 weighinrior to 0.1%
samples usst standard osure.
et up
545 -13/7
any of the with a pH vaamples in cmbination othe surface
Page | 26
rry mber at
at a ng
%.
sing UNI
tested alue contact of both e was
Figure 27
Due to projectswaste w
7 University o
its chemicas around thewater treatm
of Bologna: C
al resistancee world invo
ment plants,
Chemical res
e Penetron olving conta chemical s
sistance test -
is protectinaminated wastorage tank
- results
g the concraters, such ks.
rete structuras sewage
res of varioue treatment
Page | 27
us and
Figure 28Plant, Ita
One maconcretfreeze-tresultincycles d
Indepenweight l
The treaof cemeconcret
The spethaw (a
(*) Aver
Penetroaround constru
14 Labora2005
8 Milan Southaly
3.2.10. Res
ajor factor fote bridges, rthaw cyclesg in corrosidirectly affe
ndent tests loss of Pen
ated concreentitious mate without P
ecimens weaccording to
No.No. 2 – P
rage of dup
3.2.11. Com
on Admix hathe world. Iction indust
atory Tests of
h Waste Wate
sistance to f
or deterioraroads, etc.) s will increason damage
ect the durab
undertakenetron-Admi
ete containeaterials (cemPenetron Ad
ere then subo the New Y
Mix I.D. . 1 – ControPenetron Trlicate speci
mpatibility w
as been speIt can be aptry. Penetro
Penetron Adm
er Treatment
freeze-thaw
ation of expois the conti
se the perme and leadinbility of con
n at Sor Tesx treated co
ed 16% fly ament and flydmix.
bjected to aYork Departm
ol reated imens
with commo
ecified and pplied to anyon Admix do
mix in Concret
Figure 2
w cycles
osed concreinuous free
meability anng up to the crete.
sting Laboraoncrete com
ash and Pey ash). The
a 3% sodiumment of Tra
nly-used co
performed y commonlyoes not hav
te, Sor Testing
29 SABESP S
ete structurzing and thd allow corrfailure of th
atories14 shompared to th
netron Admcontrol sam
m chloride sansportation
Averag
oncrete mix
in numerouy-used conc
ve any know
g Laboratories
Sewage Treat
es in cold cawing of corosive agenhe structure
ow a signifihe control s
mix was dosmple consis
solution in 2n Method 50
ge % Weigh4.97 0.74
designs (P
us concrete crete mix in
wn incompat
s, Inc., USA Re
tment Plant, B
climates (suoncrete. Ovents to penete. Freeze-th
cant reductsample.
sed at 1% bysted of plain
25 cycles of 02-3P).
ht Loss (*)
Penetron Ad
mix formulan today’s tibilities with
eport No. 05-4
Page | 28
Brazil
ch as er time rate
haw-
tion of
y weight
freeze-
mix)
ations
h other
4070A,
workablimitatio
Penetropozzolaconcretcontainmicrocr
As discdurabilimix by s
A simplsuch asin-depthAdmix hwhen pwaterprMPA Stinfluenc
Despiteneed to
Insuffic
When the repaholes, eto ensuwaterpr
15 MFPA concrete 16 MPA Sadmixture
ility-enhancons in regar
on Admix treans, fly-ash,te will still tas the reacti
racks and ca
3.2.12. Pre
ussed in chty and strenselecting th
er way to res Penetron Ah and deny has shown resented wroof the captuttgart, Gece on the em
3.2.13. Lim
e the large no be given to
ient surface
Penetron isair of all craetc.), the clere an “open
roofing syst
Leipzig GmbHtest specimen
Stuttgart Otto-Ge (Penetron A
cing admixturds to the wa
eated concr, slag, silicaake place asve ingredieapillaries.
vention of A
hapter 2.4., ngth of conche right type
educe the rAdmix, intothe ASR thin a test at ith water. M
pillary structrmany16 to mbedded st
itations
number of bo the limitat
e preparatio
s applied asacks larger teaning of thn-capillary-sems that ar
H, Germany –ns with and wiGraf Institute,
Admix) accordi
ures, such aater/cemen
rete can coa fume and s Penetron nts needed
Alkali-Silica-
alkali-silicacrete. Conce of cement
isk of ASR the concre
he necessarthe MFPA-L
Many other tture inside ccorrespondteel.
benefits of ctions of the
on (coating a
s a surface cthan 0.4mme surface (i
system”) is re applied b
Department oithout adding tUniversity of S
ing to DIN V 1
as retardersnt ratio of the
ntain Portlasimilar. TheAdmix, bein
d for its reac
-Reaction (A
-reaction (Acrete design
and non-re
is to incorpete mix. Thisry water for Leipzig, Getests have pconcrete. Fud to DIN V 1
crystalline wperformanc
application)
coating, a thm, faulty conin in order tkey to a suc
by brush or
of Structural Ethe sealing agStuttgart, Ger
18998: 2002-1
s or superple concrete t
and cement-e crystal reang a Portlan
ction to deve
ASR)
ASR) can siners need toeactive aggr
orate a mats will ensurethe reactio
ermany15 thaproven the aurther, Pen8998 and a
waterproofince of this sy
)
horough suncrete (suchto dampen accessful apspray.
Engineering: “Agent Penetron rmany: “Electro1”, 2007
lastizicers. Tto be treate
-substitutesaction in thend cement-belop crystal
gnificantly ro limit the alregates.
ture crystalle the concren to take plaat cracks wiability of Peetron Admix
as such has
g systems aystem:
rface prepah as honeycand rougheplication of
Application-tecAdmix (May 3
o-chemical tes
There are ned.
s such as ese types ofbased prods in the
reduce the lkali conten
line admixtuete is waterace. Penetrill self-heal enetron crysx is certified
s no negativ
a few conce
aration inclucombs, formen the surfac
crystalline
chnology tests31, 2007)” sts of a concre
Page | 29
no
f duct,
t of the
ure, rproofed ron upon stals to d by the ve
erns
uding m-tie ce and
s on
ete
Cold joiexceed separatwaterst
Active lseparat
Concreare beyseparat
Structurrepaired(Penetr
PenetrostructurtemperadaytimeThis maare rigid
3.2.13.1
ints can be those of a tely either wops.
3.2.13.2
eakage (thrtely with the
3.2.13.3
te defects syond the widtely with the
3.2.13.4
ral cracks ad either prioron Admix)
3.2.13.5
on is not recres. Thermaature differee, which conay lead to md and are n
1. Cold jo
consideredusual conc
with a crysta
2. Active l
rough cracke Penetron
3. Concre
such as hondth of a usue Penetron
4. Structu
are cracks wor to the appif they do no
5. Expose
commendedal cracks areences (e.g. ntracts as a
movement wot designed
ints
d as artificiarete capillar
alline repair
eaks
ks) needs torepair syste
te defects
neycombs, fual capillary repair syste
ral cracks
with a width plication of ot seal up a
ed concrete
d as a stande a result oexpansion
a result of fawithin cracksd to compen
l cracks. Thry or microcsystem (Pe
o be stoppeem (Peneplu
form-tie holor microcra
em.
larger thanPenetron a
after an obs
structures
d-alone soluf concrete dof the conc
alling and cos and cracknsate for su
he widths ancracks and tenecrete/Pe
d prior to apug, Penecre
es, etc. leaacks and th
n 0.4mm andas a coatingservation pe
(thermal cra
ution for dirdirectly expcrete exposeooler tempek widths of uuch kind of m
nd voids in therefore neenetron) or
pplication aete, Penetro
d to voids inerefore nee
d therefore system or
eriod of 4-6 w
acks)
ectly expososed to higed to extremeratures durup to >2mmmovement i
cold joints ceed to be trPenebar SW
and repairedon Inject).
n the concreed to be rep
need to beafter applicweeks.
sed concreteh, sudden
me heat durring night tim
m. Penetron in cracks.
Page | 30
can reated W
d
ete that paired
cation
e
ring me). crystals
4. At o System
*Penetr
one glance
m benefits Increases tProtects co(permanenProvides a (self-heals Resistancepressure (2Increases cResists cheReduces chcarbonationPrevents APrevents recorrosion Non-toxic (Green prodCan be useused mix dtowards w/cLow dosagcement)* Ease/versaProtection surface is dDoes not rewaterproofiof the systeAllows concPenetrates Can be appnegative sidCan be appconcrete** Compatiblecoatings** Internationawaterproofitrack recordron Admix /
e - Benefit o
the durabilitoncrete for at application“self-healincracks up t
e to high hyd20 bar) compressiveemical attachloride penen
Alkali-Silica-einforcemen
potable watduct (contaied with any esign (no lic ratio or cee rates (0.8
atility of appremains intadamaged equire any oing or additem crete to “bre deeply intoplied from thde** plied to moi
e with glues
ally renowning brand wd (proven s/ **Penetron
overview
ty of concrea lifetime n)
ng” concreteo 0.4mm) drostatic
e strengthck (pH 3-11etration and
Reaction (Ant steel from
ter approvens zero VOcommonly mitations ement conte8% by weigh
lication act when
other form oional protec
eathe” o the concrehe positive
st or green
and surfac
ed with extensivystem)
n/Penetron P
Benete
e
) d
ASR) m
ed) OC)
ent)* ht of
of ction
ete** or
ce
ve
Plus
nefits to pro Provide
projects Cost eff Perman No main Increase
for strucintegrity
Increase Eliminat
associarepairs
Unmatc Reduce
associasystems
Improveconcrete
Contribuof green
operty owns time and
s fective nent waterprntenance es the qualictural perfory es usage oftes down-timted with ma
ched technics applicatioted with inss es pouring ae utes to LEEn points)
ners/contracost saving
roofing syst
ity of the cormance and
f infrastructme and cosaintenance
cal support on errors stallation of
and placem
ED projects
Page | 31
actors gs on
tem
oncrete d
ure sts and
other
ent of
(accrual
5. Com
Descript
Resistanhydrostawater pr
Protectioreinforcesteel
Crack sehealing a
Crack resistanc
Freeze/tdurability
mparison o
PePe
tion Cebathasuinsforinscavo
nce to atic ressure
It T
1w
on of ement
Pcsowac
elf-ability
Wt
ya
ce R
cetbc0
thaw y
of Penetron
enetron/ enetron Plusementitious-ased chemicaat will penetr
urfaces to forsoluble crystrmations deeside the apillaries andoids of concre
Improves wittime Tested of up16 bar head water pressu
Prevents corrosion by stopping pasof penetratinwater, chloridand other corrosive age
Will re-activathe presencemoisture to snew cracks eyears after application
Rigid materiacannot withsexcessive transformatiobut self-healscracks of up 0.4mm
Improves durability by preventing wingress throucracks and p
n products
s PeneAdm
al rate rm tal ep
ete
Cemadmaddeconctime batcformcrystthroucapisysteconc
th
to
ure
Imwi
Coseab
Inihy
ssage g des
ents
Pepro
Prpeof chancoag
ate in e of seal even
Wiactheof to crayeap
al, tand
on, s to
Recrplcu
Secrtothprm
water ugh pores
Imduprwaingthcrpo
with other
etron mix mentitious mixture
ed to the crete at the of
ching to m insoluble
tals ughout the llary em of crete
mproves th time ontinuous elf-healing bility itiates full ydration ermanent otection revents enetration water,
hlorides nd other orrosive gents ill re-
ctivate in e presence moisture seal new acks even
ears after pplication educes racking in astic and uring stage elf-heals racks of up o 0.4mm in he resence of
moisture mproves urability by reventing ater gress rough
racks and ores
r waterproo
Membrane(Positive sLiquid and applied bitupolymers athe concreto form a bagainst waingress
Protectiobreachedpinhole o Will requ
replacemleaking
No negatprotection Prone to
joints and
No self-hability
Can withsexcessivetransform Deteriora
time (lossprotectione “unprotleaks occ
Deterioratime (lossprotectioe “unprotleaks occ
ofing syste
es side) sheet
umen and affixed to te surface
barrier ater
n d by any or seam ire
ment once
tive side n leak at
d seams
ealing
stand e
mation ating over s of n)Concrettected” if cur
ating over s of n)Concrettected” if cur
ems
Other surfaapplied ProMaterials apthe concretecontaining mwater repellesealants
Reduces iabsorptiondeterioratetime Limited re
to hydrostpressure No negativ
protection Limited pr
especiallyhigher wapressure
No self-heability
No durabicrack loca
Deteriorattime (loss protection
Deteriorattime (lossprotectionte “unprotleaks occ
Page | 32
ace oducts pplied to e surface mainly ents and
initial n, but will e over
sistance tatic
ve side
rotection y under ter
aling
lity at ations ting over of )
ting over s of n)Concretected” if ur
Repair requirem
Applicat
Surface preparat
Construcschedule
Sub-surfdrainagesystem
Additioncoatings
Mainten
ments
tion
tion
ction e
face e
nal s
ance
Easily repaifrom positivenegative sidrequired)
Applied by brush/sprayonto positivnegative sidold/new concrete Dry-shake application horizontal, freshly placconcrete Needs coarwater saturclean surfacwith an “opecapillary system” for brush or spapplication No surface preparationdry-shake application Can be appduring concfinishing or anytime afte
Not require
Can be finiswith coatingtiles, etc.
Not require
red e or
de (if
Earefroor sidre
y ve or de of
onto
ced
Adcotheba
Noapre
rse, ated, ce en-
ray
n for
Nopr
plied crete
er
Adfrecotheba
Sa50ancoco
d No
shed g,
Doaffco
Adexcotile
d Remreonca
asily paired
om positive r negative de (if quired)
dded to the oncrete at e time of atching o additional pplication quired
o surface reparation
dded to esh oncrete at e time of atching aves up to 0% time nd onstruction osts ot required
oes not ffect oatings dhesion xcellent for oatings of es epairs ight be quired
nce in the ase of
Difficult Difficult
problem May req
removal repair
Expensisometimimpossibaccessib
Liquids:spray ap
Sheets: welded torched concrete
Correct joints/seapplicatcritical tperform
Clean s Dry surf Smooth
Must beafter comof struct
Requireprotectivcement
Might redrainagehigh hydpressure
Requireprotectivmortars finishes
Costly replacemgenerallrequired
to repair to identify areas uire total and
ve and mes ble due to bility brush or
pplication glued, or to the
e surface
eams ion o ance urface face surface
e applied mpletion tural work s ve mortar
equire e under drostatic e ve prior to
ment ly d
Repairs mrequire reof previomaterials
Only apppositive s
Substratecritical toperforma
Needs supreparatidependinproduct requirem
Some marequire 2cured cofor applic
Similar schedulinmembran
Requiresdrainagehigh hydpressure
May requspecial preparatito finishe
Re-applicrequired high hydcondition
Page | 33
may emoval us
s
plied to side e profile
o ance
urface ion ng on
ments
aterials 28 days ncrete
cation
ng as nes
s e under rostatic
e uire
ion prior es
cation under rostatic
ns
Service
5.1.
Allows cthe struc
High perdesignedproven u
Does noconcrete
Does noprocess
Penetroautogen
Increase
Does nosteel spe
Does nowhen sp
Provideschloride
Does no
life
Compariso
P
concrete to bcture
rformance wd to resist hiup to 16 Bar
ot affect the he and will onl
ot negatively of the concr
n dramaticalnous healing
es compress
ot affect the aecified
ot affect the specified prop
s chemical, cetc. protect
ot negatively
Permanent aimproves witime
on between
enetron
reathe, vapo
waterproofing gh hydrostat
heat resistanly increase it
affect the hyrete
ly increases ability of con
ive strength
amount of re
setting time oerly
carbonation, tion
affect the pe
strcracodeap
and th
Peseof crayeap
Penetron a
or to escape
product tic pressure
nce of the t
ydration
the ncrete
of concrete
inforcement
of the concre
sulfates,
erformance o
ructural acks of
oncrete efects after pplication ermanent; elf-healing
new acks even
ears after pplication
and hydroph
Does npressu
Good fowith low1.4 Bar
Due to effect obe inve
Compleas suchimbibin
In both hydrate
May deconcret
Effect oof conc
May re
ete Effects investig
Resistainvestig
of Constru
Deteriorover tim
Damagebackfillinplumbin
Surfacewill resuof prote
hobic pore
not let concrere build up
or damp proow hydrostaticr
bituminous non the heat reestigated befo
etely stops wh internal selng water cann
cases a pored completel
ecrease the ate. This shou
of these prodcrete should
quire additio
on the settingated before
ance against gated before
uction joints
rating me es during ng, g damage
ult in loss ction
blockers
Pore blocke
ete breathe,
ofing or watec water press
nature of theesistance of ore use
water movemf-desiccationnot enter.
rtion of cemey
autogenous huld be investi
ducts on initiabe investigat
nal reinforce
ng time of couse
chemical attuse
will require s
Best wheapplied
Deterioratime
Vulnerabsurface d
ers
allowing vap
er splash ressure resistan
ese productsthe concrete
ment within con may occur
ent cannot be
healing capaigated before
al and final sted before us
ement steel
oncrete need
tack should
special treatm
Page | 34
en first
ate over
ble to damage
por
sistance nce up to
, their e should
oncrete, or
e
acity of e use
strength se
to be
be
ment to
construc
Low dosmix will s
Econom
Works vconcrete
Self heathrougho
Will reacdevelop
Long terproven o
6. App
6.1.
Penetrothe timesand anmoisturreactioncapillarypenetradeterior Note The PeconditioRepres
ction joints
sage of 0.8%suffice
mical solution
very effectivee
als cracks of out the life of
ctivate after mto stop leak
rm effects onover 24 year
plication in
Descriptio
on Admix (ine of batchinnd various are in fresh cn, which gey tracts of t
ation of wateration due to
netron Admons (see Seentative for
% of cement c
ely even on lo
0.4mm and f the concret
many years s
n concrete has
nstructions
n
ntegral crysg. Penetron
active, propconcrete witnerates a nhe concreteer or liquidso harsh env
mix has beeetting Time ar the most a
contents in th
ow strength
more te
if new cracks
ave been
s – Penetro
stalline waten Admix con
prietary chemh the by-proon-soluble
e. Thus the s from any dvironmental
n specially and Strengt
appropriate
break t
he Very hi
Usuallyhigh do
A minimproducslump nmanufa
Blocks on conc
s No reac
Long teinvestig
on Admix
erproofing ansists of Pomicals. Theoducts of cecrystalline fconcrete be
direction. Thl conditions
formulated th). ConsultPenetron A
he water- re
gh dosage re
y very expenosage require
mum of 350 kts to be effecneed to be tiacturer’s pub
pores passivcrete
ctions
erm effects ogated before
admixture) isortland cemeese active chement hydrformation thecomes perhe concrete.
to meet vart with a Pen
Admix for yo
pellent effect
equired to re
sive solutioned
kg of cementctive, Water /ghtly control
blished limitat
vely, no know
on concrete suse
s added to tent, very finhemicals reation to cauhroughout thrmanently s is also prot
rying projecnetron Techour project.
t of these pro
each their eff
n, partly beca
t is required / cement ratled to compltions
wn self heali
should be
the concretne treated seact with theuse a catalyhe pores ansealed agaiotected from
ct and temphnical
Page | 35
oducts
fect
ause of
for these io and y with
ng effect
te mix at ilica
e ytic nd nst the
m
erature
6.2.
PenetroPenetroand for perform
6.3. Penetroproceduequipm
Add Peunder th227 kg)evenly taccorda
Mix Penwith 6 gready-min accoalreadyleast 5
Add Peadding practice Note It is impTherefoand thoPenetro
For morcompat
Dosage Ra
on Admix: 0on’s Technicfurther info
mance, or m
Mixing
on Admix mures for addent. Follow
6.3.1. Rea
enetron Admhe batch pla) of aggregathroughout ance with st
6.3.2. Rea
netron Admgallons (22.7mix truck. Thrdance with
y been placeminutes to
6.3.3. Pre
enetron Admthe cement
es.
portant to obore, do not aorough dispeon Admix fo
6.3.4. Tec
re instructiotibility of the
ate
0.8% by weical Departm
ormation regeeting the s
must be addedition will vaing are som
ady Mix Pla
mix in powdeant and addate. Mix thethe mix watandard bat
ady Mix Pla
mix with wate7 l) of watehe aggrega
h standard ped in the reaensure eve
cast Batch
mix to the rot and water.
btain a homadd dry Admersion will n
or a specific
chnical Serv
ons, alternae Penetron t
ght of cemement for assgarding enhspecific req
ed to the coary accordinme typical m
nt – Dry Ba
er form to thd 60% - 70%materials f
ter. Add thetch practice
nt - Central
er to form ar). Pour thete, cement
practices (taady-mix trucn distributio
Plant
ock and san. The total c
mogeneous mix powder not occur. F
project, co
vices
tive applicatreatment w
entitious masistance in dhanced chemuirements a
oncrete at thng to the typ
mixing guide
atch Operati
he drum of % of the reqfor 2-3 minue balance os.
Mix Opera
a very thin se required a
and water saking into ack). Pour thon of the Pe
nd, then mixconcrete ma
mixture of Pr directly to wFor further innsult with a
ation methodwith other pr
aterials mindeterminingmical resistaand conditio
he time of bpe of batch elines.
ion
the ready-mquired waterutes to ensuf materials
ation
lurry (e.g. 4mount of mshould be bccount the
he concrete enetron Adm
x thoroughlyass should
Penetron Adwet concretnformation ra Penetron T
ds, or informroducts or te
imum. Consg the appropance, optimons of your
batching. Thplant opera
mix truck. Dr along with
ure the Admto the read-
40 lbs (18 kgaterial into
batched andquantity of winto the tru
mix through
y for 2-3 minbe blended
dmix with thte as this mregarding thTechnical R
mation concechnologies
sult with priate dosag
mum concreproject.
he sequenceation and
rive the truch 300-500 lbmix is distrib
-mix truck in
g) of powdethe drum o
d mixed in twater that h
uck and mixout the con
nutes before using stan
he concretemay cause che proper uRepresentat
cerning the s, contact th
Page | 36
ge rate te
e of
ck bs (136-uted n
er mixed f the he plant has for at
ncrete.
e dard
. clumping se of tive.
he
TechnicRepres
6.4. The setingredieoccur wmix deswill provultimateconditio
6.5. When in40°F (4
7. App
7.1. Penetroand proand a capplicatWhen Plime ancrystallito preveallow thIn additwastewPenetroin watermateria
7.2. Water r1.5 lb/s(0.7-0.8
Penetrosprinkle
cal Departmentative.
Setting tim
tting time ofents, tempe
when using sign and thevide a norme strengths ons to deter
Limitations
ncorporatin4°C).
plication in
Descriptio
on is a surfaotects concrcompound otion.
Penetron is d moisture ine structureent any furthe passage tion to wate
water, aggreon is approvr storage ta
al.
Consumpt
retaining stry
8 kg/m²) or o
7.2.1. Con
on at 2 lb/syed and trow
ment of ICS
me and stren
f concrete iserature of thPenetron Ae dosage ra
mal set concthan plain c
rmine settin
s
g Penetron
nstructions
n
ace-appliedrete in-deptof active che
applied to apresent in te. These crher water inof vapor thrproofing th
essive grounved for use anks, reserv
tion
ructures, int
one coat at
nstruction s
y (1.1 kg/m²el applied to
Penetron In
ngth
s affected be concrete
Admix. The aate of the Adcrete. Concrconcrete. Trg time and
Admix, the
s – Penetro
, integral crh. It consistemicals. Pe
a concrete sthe capillaryrystals fill thngress (everough the s
he structurend water anin contact w
voirs, water
ternal concr
2.5 - 3 lb/s
labs
²) applied ino fresh con
nternationa
by the chemand climati
amount of rdmix. Howerete containrial mixes sstrength of
e temperatu
on
rystalline wats of Portlan
enetron nee
surface the y tracts of th
he pores anden under prestructure (i.e, Penetron
nd many othwith potabletreatment p
rete wall su
y (1.4-1.6 k
n one slurry crete when
l Ltd. or you
mical and phc conditions
retardation wever, under ning Penetrohould be cathe concret
re of the co
aterproofingnd cement,ds only to b
active chemhe concreted minor shressure). Hoe. the concrprotects co
her aggresse water, andplants…etc.
rfaces: Two
kg/m²) appli
coat to har this has re
ur local Pen
ysical comps. Retardatiwill depend normal conon Admix married out unte.
oncrete mix
g material, wspecially tre
be mixed wi
micals combe to form an inkage cracwever, the rete will be ancrete agaiive chemicad is therefor Penetron i
o coats of P
ed with brus
rdened concached initia
netron
position of ion of set mupon the c
nditions, themay developnder projec
should be a
which watereated quartth water pri
bine with th insoluble,
cks in the coPenetron wable to “breinst seawatal solutionsre suitable fis not a dec
Penetron at
sh or spray
crete or dryal set.
Page | 37
may concrete Admix
p higher ct
above
rproofs tz sand ior to
he free
oncrete will still eathe”). er, . for use corative
1.25-
y.
Penetroto placiapplied
Penetroprior to
7.3. All conchave anpressurcracks, PenetroThe con
7.4. Penetrothick oilMix onlythe mix
7.5.
Apply Papproprwhile th
The speinto the
7.6. The treaagainst similar.
7.2.2. Con
on at 3 lb/syng the next.
7.2.3. Blin
on at 2.5 lb/placing the
Surface Pr
crete to be tn “open”capre water jetthoneycom
on Mortar. Sncrete surfa
Mixing
on is mechal. Approximy as much mture starts t
Application
7.5.1. Slur
Penetron in riate power
he first coat
7.5.2. Dry
ecified amoe freshly pla
Post treatm
ated areas direct sun,
nstruction jo
y (1.7 kg/m² lift/bay of c
nding concre
/sy (1.4 kg/me overlying c
reparation
treated withpillary systeting, wet sabing, etc. mSurfaces muace must be
anically mixeate mixing material as to set do no
n
rry consiste
one or two spray equiis still “gree
powder co
ount of Peneced concre
ment
should be k wind and f
oints
²) applied inconcrete. Al
ete
m²) applied concrete sla
h Penetron im. Removendblasting o
must be chasust be carefe damp but
ed with clearatio is 2 pacan be use
ot add more
ency
coats accopment. Wheen”.
nsistency (f
etron is distrte once this
kept damp frost, by cov
n slurry or dlternatively
in slurry or ab.
integral cryse laitance, dor wire brussed out, trefully pre-wanot wet.
an water to arts water toed within 20e water, sim
rding to speen two coat
for horizont
ributed in ps has reach
for a periodvering with p
ry powder cPenebar SW
dry powde
stalline watdirt, grease,shing. Fault
eated with Patered prior
a creamy co 5 parts Pe0 minutes anply re-stir to
ecification bts are speci
tal surface o
owder formed initial se
of five daypolyethythe
consistencyW type wate
r consistenc
erproofing metc. by me
ty concrete Penetron an
to the Pene
consistency enetron pownd stir mixtuo restore wo
by masonry fied apply t
only)
m through a et.
s and must ene sheeting
y immediateerstops can
cy immedia
must be cleans of highin the form d filled flushetron applic
or that resewder (by volure frequenorkability.
brush or the second
sieve and t
be protecteg, damp bu
Page | 38
ely prior n be
ately
ean and of
h with cation.
embling lume). tly. If
coat
roweled
ed rlap or
Note Do not additiveapplicat
8. App
8.1. PenetroprotectiapplicatrequiredPortlandthat hasPlus beassociachemicageneratconcret
8.2. Under nm²), dep Note Under ha Penet
8.3. 1. Fresh2. Wait ConcreThen, fl3. Immehand or4. As sopower f5. Immefirst app6. Allowfloat the7. Whe
apply Penee to concrettions).
plication in
Descriptio
on Plus is aon of concrtions on hod. Packaged cement, vs been crus
ecomes an iated with coals react wites a non-sote.
Coverage
normal condpending on
heavy traffictron Techni
Application
h concrete until concrete should bloat open thediately after mechanicaoon as the dfloated to thediately afteplication. w remaininge material inn concrete
etron at teme or plaster
nstructions
n
unique interete. Penetrrizontal cond in the form
various activshed and grntegral part
oatings (e.g.th the moisoluble cryst
ditions, the the degree
c conditionscal Represe
n Procedure
is placed, cete can be we free of ble
he surface. er floating oal spreaderdry shake m
he surface. er power flo
dry shake nto the surfahas harden
peratures ars. (Penetro
s – Penetro
egral crystaron Plus hasncrete surfam of a dry pve proprietaraded to part of the con. scaling, duture in the ftalline forma
coverage rae of abrasio
s or where eentative for
es
consolidatedwalked on leed water a
open the sur. The dry sh
material has
oating, apply
material to ace.
ned sufficien
at or below fon Admix sh
on Plus
lline chemics been speces where
powder comary chemicarticle sizes screte surfac
usting, flakinfresh concration within
ate for Penen resistance
even greater a recomme
d and leveleeaving an i
and be able
rface, applyhake materis absorbed
y remaining
absorb mo
ntly, power t
freezing. Pehould be con
cal treatmencially formugreater imp
mpound, Penals, and a sysuitable for ce thereby eng and delaete causingthe pores a
etron Plus ie required.
er abrasion endation tha
ed. ndentation to support
y one-half oial must be moisture fro
g dry shake
isture from
trowel surfa
enetron cannsidered for
nt for the waulated for drpact and abrnetron Plusynthetic aggconcrete flo
eliminating amination).Tg a catalytic and capillar
s 1 lb per s
resistance iat meets yo
of 1/4”–1/3”the weight
f the dry shspread eve
om the base
material at
the base sl
ace to the re
nnot be user these
aterproofingry-shake rasion resis
s consists ofgregate haroors. Penetproblems n
The active c reaction, wry tracts of t
sq yard (0.6
is required, our specific
” (6-9 mm).of a power
hake materiaenly. e slab, it sh
right angle
ab and then
equired finis
Page | 39
d as an
g and
stance is f rdener tron
normally
which the
kg per
consult needs.
trowel.
al by
hould be
s to the
n power
sh.
8.4. Curing starts toplastic cconditiosealers Note It is comSuch edapplicat For the should applicatto freezfurther a In hot, dconcretrequire For certfor finisentrainmconcret
8.5. For morcompatTechnic
9. Con
Penetrolocated
Penetrodistribuusing a
All referInternat
Curing
is importano dry. Convcovers mayons consult and curing
mmon that edge areas ction of the m
best resultsnot exceedtion). If a hi
zing and thaapplication
dry, or windte surface toa suitable f
tain concrething. (For ement, superte more diffi
Technical
re instructiotibility of thecal Departm
ntact and D
on products at 45 Rese
on productstors and trand applying
renced test tional Ltd.
t and shoulentional mo
y be used. Cmanufactur compound
edges of a scan be dry-smain body o
s when app 3% (a highgh entraine
awing), continformation
dy conditiono prevent pflexible sea
te mix desigexample, higr plasticizericult to finis
Services
ons, alternae Penetron tment of Pene
Disclaimer
s are exclusearch Way,
s are distribuained applicg Penetron
reports in t
d begin as oist curing pCuring shourer for spec
ds meeting A
slab wall wishaked andof concrete.
plying dry shh air contented air contentact the Tecn.
s, it is advisremature drlant.
gns, we recgh performars, or silica fh).
tive applicatreatment wetron Intern
ively manufSuite 203,
uted and apcators. Pleasproducts fo
this docume
soon as finprocedures uld continuecific instructiASTM C-30
ll set up ead finished w
hake materit can make nt is specifichnical Dep
sable to userying of the
commend a ance concrefume may r
ation methodwith other prnational Ltd
factured by East Setau
pplied throuse consult wr technical
ent are avai
al set has osuch as wa
e for at leastions. In lieu
09 may be u
rlier than thith hand too
ials, the air it difficult toed (e.g. for artment of P
e an evaporslab. Chron
test panel bete with a loreduce blee
ds, or informroducts or te. or your loc
ICS Penetrket, NY 117
gh a globalwith a Peneassistance
ilable on req
occurred buater spray, wt 48 hours. of moist cu
used.
e main bodols prior to p
content of to achieve a concrete th
Penetron In
ration retardnic moving
be produceow water/ced water and
mation concechnologiescal Penetron
ron Internat733, USA.
network of etron represand suppor
quest from
t before surwet burlap oIn hot, dry suring, concr
dy of concreproceeding
the concreta proper hat will be enternational
dant on the cracks or jo
ed and evaluement ratio,d make the
cerning the s, contact thn represent
tional Limite
f authorizedsentative prrt.
ICS Penetr
Page | 40
rface or sunny rete
ete. with
e
exposed Ltd. for
fresh oints will
uated air
he tative.
ed
d ior to
on