ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN THE ANDEAN

HIGHLANDS

Practices and Strategies to Address Climate and Market

Risks in Vulnerable Agro-Ecosystems

Participatory approachesParticipatory approaches

Time Line Development

Participatory Mapping

Community Large Group Discussions

Focus Groups

Climate impacts

DroughtsFrostsFloodsHailSnow

Multiple ShockEvents

Themes that emerged

Spatial variability in the presentation of droughts, floods, frosts, and hail events

Concerns vary according to location, production activities, technological alternatives: loss of animals, loss of crops, raw materials

Increased food insecurity and loss of assets

Local knowledge systems uncertain

Challenges and Opportunities

Participatory Consultations

Traditional cropping practices appear not to be viable: production techniques and local indicators.

Farming was increasingly vulnerable to the risks of climate variation: examples include increased risk of frost, longer dry and warmer spells.

Lack of markets, and market incentives that increase vulnerability.

Spiraling Down of Capitals

Decline in financial capital.

Decline in political capital

Spi

ralin

g do

wn

Global warming

Decline in natural capital

Decline in human capital(outmigration)

Decline in social capital

Decline in cultural capital

Decline in built capital

Spiraling of Capital Assets.

Spiraling

up

Human capital increases

Built capital (technology)

Social capital increases

Natural capital increases

Political capital increases

Cultural capital increases

Financial capital increases

Objectives (Research & Development) Objective 1: “Shared understanding of ecosystem,

social and economic drivers of change”. Develop measures and indicators of ecosystem and livelihood wellbeing through participatory research integrating disciplinary and holistic understanding of system’s constraints.

Objective 2: “Understand how livelihood strategies develop in response to perceptions of the relative risks of changes, and their assets” Evaluate farmer perceptions of soil conditions, production system changes, pests, diseases, and climate risks.

Objectives (cont.) Objective 3: “Explicitly link local and new

knowledge to produce practices and information alternatives for adapting to change”. Adapted varieties, soil and pest management practices, information.

Objective 4: “Market access strategies and institutions that contribute to resilience”. Evaluate markets to identify integration strategies that contribute to resilience.

Objective 5: “Strengthening and sharing capacities”. Increase the capacity for collaboration between communities and stakeholders.

Locations

LA PAZ Ancoraimes

AROMA

OMASUYOS

Ancoraimes (Cantón) Province Omasuyos Department of La Paz. 135 Km NE La Paz City.Near the Lake at 3.850 m.a.s.l.

The Municipio of Umala, Province of Aroma, Central Altiplano of Bolivia. 3,900m a.s.l.

• Average temperature 11ºC; Rainfall: 350-400 mm• Crops and livestock; Main crop: potatoes, 3.4 ton/ha• Low input production system of potatoes, sheep and milk.

CropLivestock QDairy Cattle

Mainly CropsSome Livestock

An. LivestockCrop PS

SM. Crop Livestock

Lake,Crops and Informal Trade

Southern Peru – Participatory Rural AssessmentSouthern Peru – Participatory Rural AssessmentCommunities represent ethnicities, agroecosystem and productive

diversity of Peru’s Altiplano

Centro Internacional de la PapaUniversity of Missouri Columbia MUCIRNMA with Environment Unit WB

Methodologies Based on assets and framed by the

concept of sustainable livelihoods.

Political Capital

Cultural Capital

Natural Capital

Human Capital

Financial Capital

Social Capital

Healthy EcosystemVital Economy

Social Well-Being

Built Capital

 

   

    

 

Impact on one capital can lead to changes that spiral up or down across the capitals decreasing or increasing the related assets.

GlobalWarming

Global Warming

GlobalWarming

Methodologies Participatory – bridging knowledge systems; Integrating multiple approaches (La Paz 2006) Quantitative methods: field, household,

community, markets Field experiments in communities: early maturing

varieties (quinoa and potatoes); frost resistant varieties; moving planting dates; deficit irrigation

Biological surveys (Apolobamba, sampling pathogens); pest management strategies

Soil surveys; field experiments/demonstrations in the community

Data collection, analysis Data collection, analysis and and actionaction

• Prioritize the themes which lead to the desired future of the

community.

•Identify the relevant actors inside and outside the community.

•Collect secondary data about them

•Members of the community learn how to interview the relevant

interview the relevant actors (institutions/people)

•Feedback workshops and negotiation

•Strengthen the coalitions.

Collaborators and Stakeholders MU – DASS Households, markets, networks, risk MU – SNR Soils KSU – Pests and diseases U Connecticut – Climatology and forecasts ISU – Coalition Negotiation Capitals Fundación PROINPA – Indigenous crops – participatory approaches

- women groups - marketing strategies UMSA – College of Agronomy and Institute of Agricultural Research

Climatology & Production Systems UNALM - IPPS and MSc Innovation for Ag Development -

Participatory Methodologies CIPCA – Apolobamba CIP - NRM ecosystems & Pests and Diseases UNDP – civil society participation and climate change WFP – vulnerability mapping MAPA – USAID Market linkages

Challenges

First meeting of the team in La Paz to integrate approaches

Build synergies with on-going projectsto address funding limitations

Appraisal of Apolobamba as a third site in Bolivia

Thank you

Questions

Southern Highlands Rural Communities

Multiple ShockEvents

DroughtsFrostsFloodsHailSnow

Multiple Successive Multiple Successive

YearsYears

FINDINGSFINDINGS

CapabilitiesStores

Resources Assets

ClaimsAnd

Access

Livelihoods

Climate, Markets, Livelihood Strategies and Assets

Markets

Non Market Institutions &

Networks

Climate

Policies

CapabilitiesCapabilities

AssetsAssets Natural CapitalNatural Capital

Soils, Climate, BiodiversitySoils, Climate, Biodiversity(Ecosystem Level)(Ecosystem Level)

Access & Control

Social Capital Networks &

Collective Action

(Community & Regional)

Sustainable Livelihoods in the Andes System Linkages and Priority Inquiry Areas

AssetsCultural & Human

Local & New Knowledge

SustainableSustainableLivelihoodsLivelihoods

Negotiating Climate and Market Negotiating Climate and Market Shocks & Stresses Shocks & Stresses

►►Globalization Globalization Vulnerability and RiskVulnerability and Risk

►►Technology IntegrationTechnology Integration

►►Biodiversity Conservation Biodiversity Conservation And Environmental ServicesAnd Environmental Services

►►Social and Institutional Social and Institutional Capacity BuildingCapacity Building

AssetsAssets Productive CapitalProductive CapitalFinancial CapitalFinancial Capital

(Household & Individual Level)(Household & Individual Level)

Practices and Strategies

Southern Highlands Rural Communities

Multiple ShockEvents

DroughtsFrostsFloodsHailSnow

Multiple Successive Multiple Successive

YearsYears

FINDINGSFINDINGS