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Adaptive ImmunityResponse occurs within days of the infection
Highly specific
Highly diverse
Memory component
Major cell types involved: T cells, B cells and antigen presenting cells
Antigens and Antibodies (CH4)Antigen – any substance that binds specifically to an antibody or a T cell receptor (TCR).
Antibody- a protein (immunoglobulin) that recognizes a specific region (component) of an antigen.
Naïve B cells – membrane-boundActivated B cells (plasma cells) – soluble (have been secreted)
Immunogen- a substance capable of eliciting an immune response.
EpitopeEpitope – portion of an antigen that reacts with an antibody or T cell receptor (TCR) also known as an antigenic determinant.
Properties of immunogenicityForeignness – molecule must be recognized as foreign.
tolerance – unresponsiveness to self antigens.
Properties of immunogenicityMolecular size –correlation between size an immunogenicity.
Bigger is better – i.e. macromolecules
Chemical composition/complexity
Properties of immunogenicityProcessing and presentation – important for T cell responses, ability of the antigen to be phagocytosed and processed.
LargeInsolubleAggregates
Antibody-Mediated Effector FunctionsOpsonizationAssist/activate complement systemADCC
Marasco and Sui, 2007
Antibody-Mediated Effector FunctionsOpsonization – promotion of phyagocytosis of antigens by macrophages and neutrophils.
Fc receptor (FcR)
Metzger 1994