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RESEARCH INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP 633 Pena Drive, Davis, CA, 95618 | cltc.ucdavis.edu | PH: 530-747-3838, FAX:530-747-3812
Adaptive Lighting: Let There Be (More Efficient) Light
May 3, 2013 Kelly Cunningham Outreach Director California Lighting Technology Center University of California, Davis
Founding Organizations
California Energy Commission
University of California, Davis
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
US Department of Energy
Mission To accelerate the development and deployment of energy-efficient lighting and daylighting technologies in partnership with utilities, manufacturers, end users, builders, designers, researchers, academics, and governmental agencies.
MISSION-DRIVEN ACTIVITIES:
• Research & Development
• Demonstration & Outreach
• Education & Training
CLTC Focus Areas • Indoor Lighting • Outdoor Lighting • Daylighting • Advanced Controls • Lamp Testing • Market Assessment • Lighting Education • Policy, Codes and Standards
FOUNDING ORGANIZATIONS
LARGE END-USERS MANUFACTURERS
UTILITIES
Select the appropriate: Source + Luminaire + Controls for the application
Lighting & Energy Efficiency
Luminous Efficacy – One time, long duration change – Reduction of baseline
• Light Source Efficacy • Luminaire Efficacy • Application Efficacy
Lighting Controls – Continuous, real-time change – Fluctuations from base line
• Occupancy / Vacancy • Daylighting • Demand Response • Tuning • Personal Control
Adaptive Lighting Systems…
automatically adjust their light output… – Total Luminous Flux – Spectral Power Distribution – Candle Power Distribution
based on sensor input from the space they serve…
– Occupancy / Vacancy – Daylight – DR Signals
to optimize space and building performance.
– Comfort – Energy Savings – Peak Demand Reduction
Integrated Control Strategy
During occupancy focus on comfort – Adjust fenestration for daylight penetration
– Adjust electric lighting for daylight contribution
– Offer manual control options
– Adjust electric lighting for demand response signal
– Adjust HVAC
During vacancy focus on energy efficiency – Adjust fenestration for cooling/heating loads
– Turn electric lighting off or dim down
– Adjust electric lighting for demand response signal
– Adjust HVAC
RESEARCH INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP 633 Pena Drive, Davis, CA, 95618 | cltc.ucdavis.edu | PH: 530-747-3838, FAX:530-747-3812
Indoor Lighting & Lighting Controls • New Title 24 Requirements for Indoor Lighting Controls • Corridors & Secondary Spaces • Integrated Office Lighting System (IOLS) • Dual-Loop Photosensor Control System for Daylight Harvesting
Title 24 2013: Mandatory Changes for Indoor Lighting Controls
• Multi-level lighting controls must be used for general lighting of any enclosed area larger than 100 ft2 with a connected lighting load > 0.5 watts / ft2
• All indoor lighting must be equipped with controls that are capable of automatically shutting off all the lighting when the space is typically unoccupied
• Occupant sensing controls are required in aisle ways and open areas in corridors, stairwells, warehouses, and library book stack aisles (These controls must typically reduce lighting power by 50% when the space is unoccupied)
• In parking garages, parking areas, and loading and unloading areas, lighting must be controlled by occupant sensing controls that have at least one step between 20% and 50% of full lighting power
• Luminaires that provide general lighting in “daylit zones” must be controlled by automatic daylighting controls
• Lighting power in buildings > 10,000 ft2 must be capable of reacting to demand response signals so that the building’s total lighting power can be lowered at least 15% below its maximum total lighting power
Adaptive Interior Lighting
• Fluorescent or LED sources • Stand alone, fixture-integrated
and networked solutions • Energy reduction
– Source & luminiare efficiency – Occupancy-based controls – Daylight-responsive controls – Demand response
• Occupant amenities • Start with:
corridors, stairwells, storage spaces and conference rooms
Credit: Finelite
Adaptive Corridors
Typically illuminated continuously Intermittent occupancy Occupancy-based control
• 100% during occupancy • 50% or less during vacancy • 40-50% savings
Case studies to date • Commercial • Educational
Possible future work • Hospitality • Health care
Case Study: Latham Square, Oakland, CA
• Commercial office building in downtown Oakland
• 14 stories and 130,000 ft2
• Case study install on 12 floors • Corridor occupancy rate: 8% • 175 luminaires replaced in corridors • 86% reduction in energy use
– 113,724 kWh annually – $23,803 in energy and
maintenance costs over the life of the fixtures
Case Study: Latham Square, Oakland CA Fixtures: UA Retrofit Shielding Kit by A.L.P. Lighting Components
– 86 W 3-lamp T8 fluorescent fixtures replaced with 64W 2-lamp T8
Controls: Energi TriPak system by Lutron – Lutron EcoSystem H-Series ballasts, Radio Powr Savr
occupancy/vacancy sensors, wireless PowPak dimming modules, and wireless controls
Payback w/ Oakland Shines + PG&E rebate: 6 months Payback w/ PG&E rebate: 3 years 4 months
19
Technology System Size (Nominal W)
Annual Energy Consumption (kWh)
Annual Energy Cost
Annual Maintenance Cost
Total Annual Cost
Life-Cycle Energy Cost
Life-Cycle Maintenance Cost
Total Life Cycle Cost
Total Life-Cycle Cost for All Fixtures
Incumbent 86 752 $105 $5 $110 $503 $24 $528 $92,338
Lutron Controls 7 (low)
68 (high) 561 $78 $3 $375 $375 $16 $392 $68,535 Savings 191 $27 $2 $28 $128 $8 $136 $28,803
Adaptive Stairwells
Typically illuminated continuously Low rate of occupancy Fluorescent or LED Integrated sensors or networked controls Occupancy-based control
• 100% during occupancy • 50% or less during vacancy
Case studies to date demonstrate energy savings up to 80%
Adaptive Stairwells • Conventional components
– optics, lamping, ballast / driver • Adaptive components
– optics, fluorescent or LED lamps, dimming ballast / driver, sensor(s)
• Retrofitting and fixture replacement are both viable options
• Evaluate scenario-specific factors – number of fixtures – electrician rates – component pricing
• Perform a lifecycle cost analysis based on scenario-specific factors
• Compare multiple solutions
Campus Stairwell Demonstrations
LaMar Voyager Bi-Level (VOB) Fixture
Average Energy Savings: 50%
UC Davis: Adaptive Stairwells
• 999 LED units installed • Assumed 20% occupancy rate • 22W high / 5W low • PIR sensor times out after 5 min • 7,008 hours in standby mode • 1,752 hours in active mode
• Energy use reduction: 85%
UC Davis: Adaptive Stairwells Incumbent technology:
1,021 incumbent = 496,600 kWh 999 replacement = 73,510 kWh $53,771 per year
Integrated Office Lighting System (IOLS)
• Provide high-quality task lighting and reduce ambient lighting
• Reduces LPD • Increases occupant control • Troffers and pendant-mounted
luminaires • Fluorescent and LED sources,
even OLED!
Multi-level Switching with Occupancy Sensors • Allows occupant to choose the level of
lighting in the room • Occupancy sensors save energy by
automatically turning lights off when the room is vacant
Task (fc)! Luminance (cd/m2)!
Luminance Uniformity Ratios !Around Seating Area = 11:1"
Across Broad Viewing Areas = 26:1!Meets targets!
1!
7!
48!30!
1!
3!
2!
12!130!
68!54!
1!
Adding the layers – #1 Task
Luminance Uniformity Ratios !Around Seating Area = 33:1"
Across Broad Viewing Areas = 1.3:1!Meets targets!
Vertical (fc)! Luminance (cd/m2)!
25!
5!
2!2!
1!
12!
47!
130!
9!4!
1!
9!
Adding the layers – #2 Vertical
Meets targets!
26!
12!
50!32!
2!
Task + Vertical (fc)! Luminance (cd/m2)!15!
49!
130!77!58!
2!
21!
Luminance Uniformity Ratios !Around Seating Area = 6:1"
Across Broad Viewing Areas = 2.2:1!
Adding the layers – Just #1 and #2 at Work
Luminance Uniformity Ratios !Around Seating Area = 5:1"
Across Broad Viewing Areas = 0.5:1!Meets targets!
Luminance (cd/m2)!
9!
18!
20!18!
26!
225!
11!
29!130!
59!32!
14!
Ambient (fc)!
Adding the layers – #3 Ambient
35!
30!
Task + Vertical + Ambient (fc)! Luminance (cd/m2)!
70!50!
28!
240!
60!
130!136!90!
16!
50!
Meets targets! Luminance Uniformity Ratios !Around Seating Area = 2.6:1"
Across Broad Viewing Areas = 1.5:1!
Adding the layers – #1, #2, and #3
!
26!
12!
50!32!
2!
Task + Vertical (fc)! Luminance (cd/m2)!
Finelite Office Illustrating DRM"
Ziggurat Building – West Sacramento, CA"
Demand Response Mode!• Office can fully function at
0.10 w/sf2"
• All occupants could work comfortably"
• All occupants think this approach for responding to a statewide power emergency worked well"
Networked solutions
Light Bites: Carl’s Jr. LED & Auto-DR Retrofits
Carl’s Jr.: Five locations, all LED
• Advanced controls – Scheduling – Occupancy sensors – Photosensors – Auto-DR (Demand Response)
• LED lamps & luminaires – 2x2s and 1x4s – Downlights – Pendants: A-Lamps
• Final reports in development now
RESEARCH INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP 633 Pena Drive, Davis, CA, 95618 | cltc.ucdavis.edu | PH: 530-747-3838, FAX:530-747-3812
UC Davis Networked LED Outdoor Lighting: Streets, Pathways and Building Walls
Title 24 2013: Mandatory Changes for Outdoor Lighting Controls • All incandescent luminaires > 100 watts must be controlled by a motion sensor • All outdoor lighting must be controlled by a photocontrol or astronomical time-
switch control that automatically turns the lights off when daylight is available • All outdoor lighting mounted at a height of 24 ft. or lower must have automatic
lighting controls such as motion sensor controls – These controls must reduce lighting power at least 40%
• Signs must be controlled with a photocontrol in addition to an automatic time-switch or astronomical time-switch control
– Outdoor sign lighting that is on both day and night must have a dimmer that can automatically reduce lighting by a minimum of 65% during nighttime hours.
Adaptive Exterior Lighting
• Parking lots and garages, area lights, bollards, wall packs
• LED, fluorescent and induction • Fixture-integrated or networked controls* • Energy Savings:
– Source & luminiare efficiency – Daylight-responsive controls – Occupancy-sensitive controls – *Programmable scheduling and
setting adjustments
Technology Package: RF Control Network)
Profiles & interfaces Power to fixture on/off Bi-level with OFF 0-10V (sink) dimming control with 0V turning fixture power Off Dimming control in 5% increments
Events & schedules Weekday & weekend schedules Special event schedule Schedule up to 9 control events/day Scheduled events based on time of day and/or astronomical time Schedule use of motion sensors and photocell Real-time commands and overrides
Power metering (Revenue Grade) Data logging Failure detection and reporting Occupancy sensor input Emergency call button input Over-the-air flashing (program updates)
RF Control Network One gateway and one centralized antenna Gateway <--> Node ~5 miles LOS (line of sight) Node <--> Node ~2 miles LOS (if mounted to 25’ pole) Monitoring of occupancy and energy use, in zones
Results: Wall Packs
• Tech specs: – 101 42W 0-10V dimming LED wall packs with wireless controllers
and PIR sensors – High mode: 42W, Low mode: 14.8W
• Energy savings: 89% • Average occupancy rate: 20%
Results: Post top
• Tech specs: – 45W LED engines with 0-10V multi-level, wireless controllers and
PIR sensors in a collar on each unit – High mode: 45W – Low mode: 15W
• 86 installed • Average occupancy rate: 40% • Energy savings: 87%
Results: Pathway
• Tech specs: – 0-10V dimmable LED luminaires with a wireless controller and an
occupancy sensor – High mode: 90W – Low mode: 40W
• 825 installed • Average occupancy rate: 43% • Energy savings: 84%
Results: Pathway
Controls added an additional 46% energy use reduction As compared to static LED luminaires
RESEARCH INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP 633 Pena Drive, Davis, CA, 95618 | cltc.ucdavis.edu | PH: 530-747-3838, FAX:530-747-3812
Thank you!
Kelly Cunningham Outreach Director California Lighting Technology Center University of California, Davis
