Addi ves and Heat Stabilizers for PVC Plas solPVC Heat Stabilizer PVC resin needs rela vely high processing temperatures Resin suﬀers heat degrada on at the lower temperatures than

A S u s t a i n a b l e A p p r o a c h t o M o d e r n C o a t i n g Te c h n o l o g y.

Addi�ves and Heat Stabilizers for PVC Plas�sol

A Sustainable Approach to Modern Coating Technology

Patcham FZC is a well-established manufacturer of specialty addi�ves headquartered in the United Arab Emirates. Since its incep�on, Patcham has steadily grown into a leading supplier of specialty addi�ves for Paint & Coa�ngs, Ink, PVC and Composite industries.

The company’s Pat-Add range of coa�ng addi�ves includes we�ng & dispersing agents, defoam-ers, slip & leveling agents, rheology modifiers. Whilst keeping focus on environmental sustainabil-ity, the company produces products using green raw materials that are APEO free and have low or no VOC.

These products are mul� func�onal and mul� compa�ble, which simplifies the produc�on pro-cess, reduces the chance of errors and minimizes inventory thus improving cost effec�veness.

Patcham has built a strong manufacturing and R&D infrastructure that enables the rapid transi-�on from concept to products. The company has strategically located technical service laborato-ries, offices and representa�ves around the world to provide the most efficient customer service. In addi�on, a well-developed robust supply chain network enables it to deliver its products and services to customers around the globe with minimal lead-�me.

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Introduc�on

Plas�sols

Applica�ons

Issues

Patcham Addi�ves We�ng and Dispersing Agents

Pat-Add DA 3225

Pat-Add DA 895

Pat-Add DA 2025

Deaerators

Pat-Add AF 5106

Pat-Add DA 7006 / 7006 N

PVC Heat Stabilizers Issues

Kickers

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m

IntroductionWhat is a Plas�sol?

PVC Plas�sol are liquid dispersion systems of polyvinyl chlo-ride and PVC copolymer resin in compa�ble plas�cizers. The liquids may vary in viscosity from thin milk-like fluids to heavy pastes that have the consistency of molasses.

Figure 1. Color Master Paste of Plas�sol

Figure 2. Various Applications of Plastisols

Applica�on

The range of plas�sol applica�ons is extremely wide, and so are the variety of produc�on methods.

Plas�sol products include the following:

• Ar�ficial leather (e.g. gloves, boots)• Automo�ve ar�ficial leather• Dipped goods and dip coa�ngs (e.g. tool handholds, bar ends)• Toys (e.g. dolls, balls, toy, animals, anatomic models for educa�on)

• Floorings • Wall coverings • Roofing membranes • Carpet backing and heavy weight coa�ngs • Conveyor belts

Main Ingredients

PVC Resin

Plas�cizers

Addi�ve

Fillers

Solvents

Heat Stabilizers & Kickers

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IntroductionIssues

Figure 3. Longer dispersion time

Raw Materials - Issues

• Long dispersion �me• Pigment streaks/Incomplete we�ng• Flooding and floa�ng of colorants• Storage stability

Rheology Factors - Issues

• High viscosity• Poor air release due to pseudoplas�c rheology Applica�on - Issues

• Pinholes • Air entrapment• Shade varia�ons• Low produc�on yield

Figure 5. Incomplete wetting/High viscosityFigure 4. Air entrapment


Patcham AdditivesWe�ng and dispersing addi�ves

Dispersion of par�cles in plas�cizer, there are deficiencies that need to be corrected through the use of addi�ves. High viscosity, long disper-sion �me, flooding and unstable pigment concentrates are some of the issues related to we�ng and dispersion (Figure 3 and 4).

Introduc�on of energy by the use of machines through high shear will break down agglomerat-ed par�cles into its individual par�cles. If these individual par�cles are not fully stabilized, the finely distributed par�cles reagglomerate and form flocculates (Figure 6).

Pat-Add we�ng and dispersing addi�ves stabi-lize the dispersed par�cles by adsorbing onto the surface of pigments or filler par�cles. Elec-trosta�c repulsion or steric hindrance (Figure 7) will govern on the stabiliza�on of individual par�cles of pigments/fillers.

For the specific applica�on, it is recommended that compa�bility with the plas�cizer should be considered for selec�ng the best addi�ve that will be u�lized.

Figure 7. Stabilization of dispersed particles

• Higher pigment loading with constant viscosity• Shorter dispersion �me• Excellent we�ng of pigments and fillers• Improved flow behavior• Increase product yield• Improved color homogeneity• Longer storage stability of dispersions

Advantages of Pat-Add We�ng and Dispersing Addi�ves:

Figure 6. Wetting and dispersing process

Wetting agents

Dispersing medium

Right beaker:with wetting agent,flowable mill base

Good wetting (adjusting surface tension liquid phase, through wetting agent):

enabling high pigment solidslow mill base viscosityhigh milling efficiency

Entrapped airAgglomerates

Particle covered withwetting agent

Thickness adsorption layer preventing agglomeration...

Higher volume contributes to thicker adsorbed layer, preventingattractive forces to dominate stabilizing forces: stable dispersion!

Pigment Stabilization ofHMV Polymer


Patcham AdditivesPat-Add DA 3225

Pat-Add DA 3225 is a HMV ultra-charge polymer technology based we�ng and dispersing addi�ve for solvent borne and solvent free applica�ons. Designed with ultra-dense adhesion charges, providing the strongest a�achment onto pigment surface.

Figure 9. Colorants in Plastisol Application

Table 2. Plastisol Colorants Formulation with Pat-Add DA 3225

Benefits:• Higher pigment loading with lower and flowable viscosity• High color strength development• No adverse effect in end use applica�on• Efficient in pigment dispersion of organic, inorganic and basic black pigment• Improves storage stability

Resin Minimal Pigment ConcentrateRaw materials PY 83 PR 112 PB 15:4 PG 7 Raven 450

DIDP 76.00 64.00 62.00 54.00 67.00

Pat-Add DA 3225 4.00 6.00 7.50 10.50 3.00

Synergist 0.50

Pigment 20.00 30.00 30.00 35.00 30.00

Grinding: Transfer materials to a Horizontal Bead mill, Maintain temperature 77-86°C

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

- - - -

RMPC PY 083 RMPC PR 112 RMPC PB 15:4

RMPC PG 7 RMPC Raven 450

Figure 10. Colorants in Plasticizer with Pat-Add DA 3225



A mul�-purpose solvent-free we�ng and dispersing addi�ve for PVC plas�sol and thermoplas�cs. Its electroneutral composi�on enables it to stabilize organic and inorganic pigments, par�cularly carbon blacks.

Par�cularly suitable for the produc�on of PVC Colorants/ Color Master paste for PVC. Pat-Add DA 895 creates a Newtonian behavior of the material by reducing viscosity.

Flow behavior RMPC in Styrene free UPR

PW 69.13 Poise

Viscosity at 250C/770F

PBlk 747.73 Poise

PB 15:333.08 Poise

Tin�ng of UPR Colorants to White Gel Coats2% RMPC

Phthalo Blue 15:3 2% RMPC PBlk 7

Ini�al A�er 24 hrs Ini�al A�er 24 hrs

Table 1. Guide formulation with Pat-Add DA 895

Raw Materials

% SOP

Liquid epoxy resin 30.50 59.00 30.00 63.20 25.30

Pigment 60.00 22.00 50.00 15.00 50.00

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Pat-Add DA 895 1.50 4.00 7.50 5.70 6.00

Aerosil 972 0.30 - - - -

Pat-Add AF 35 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20

Reac�ve diluents(C12-C14 type)

7.50 14.90 12.30 16.00 18.50

2.5 18.2 15.00 38.00 12.00

TiO2 - ru�le PW 6

Phthalocyanineblue PB 15:3

Yellow ironoxide PY - 42

% by weight

Special black4 - PBlk - 7

Bayferrox RedIron Oxide 1302

PR 101



Pat-Add DA 2025 is a we�ng and dispersing agent for use in PVC plas�sol.

Pat-Add DA 2025 is most effec�ve for we�ng of inor-ganic pigments, including �tanium dioxide, extenders and blowing agents such as ADC and zinc oxide.

Figure 11. Pigment wetting of Pat-Add DA 2025

Figure 12. Pat-Add DA 2025 in three-roll mill

Figure 13 shows Pat-Add DA 2025 will allow higher filler loading without high viscosity build up. This will enable the formulator to make highly filled plastisol without compro-mising workability of the paste.

Reference Pat-Add DA 2025

Reference Pat-Add DA 2025

Raw Materials Parts by weight

DOP 50.00

ADC Powder 50.00

Pat-Add DA 2025 0.25

Total 100.25

Table 3. Guide formulation with Pat-Add DA 2025


Patcham AdditivesDeaerators

Pat-Add AF 5106

Pat-Add DA 7006 / 7006 N

Pat-Add AF 5106 is a green bio based addi�ve used as air release and de-airing agent. Pat-Add AF 5106 removes entrapped air in plas�sol prepara�ons and eliminates surface defects of cured plas�sol ar�cles.

Key benefits of Pat-Add AF 5106:

• Remove entrapped air during plas�sol prepara�ons

• Avoid surface defects like pin holes

• A�ain smooth finish

• Work with higher volumes more easily

• No adverse effect in foam applica�ons

Performance of Pat-Add AF 5106

Blank Pat-Add AF 5103

On mixing After 48 hours

1.6

1.4

1.2

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

-0.2

-0.4

% A

ir Tr

ap

Higher filler load at constant viscosity

Fille

r con

tent

phr

phr Pat-Add DA 7006 / 7006 N

150

135

120

105

90

751 2 3 4 5 6 Blank

Pat-Add DA 7006/7006 N is a medium vola�le viscosity depressant for PVC plas�sols. It keeps the plas�-sol mass workable over long period of storage and prevents viscosity build up. It also allows incorporat-ing more filler by keeping same viscosity of the PVC plas�sols.

Main benefits are:

• High filler loading with constant viscosity

• Extremely effec�ve for filler we�ng

• Provides excellent stability of PVC plas�sols without any sedimenta�on


PVC Heat Stabilizer

PVC resin needs rela�vely high processing temperatures

Resin suffers heat degrada�on at the lower temperatures than processing temperatures

Results in loss of proper�es

Mechanical

Colour

Issues

Kickers (PVC Foam Stabilizers)Patstab 701 (Fast)Patstab702 (Medium)Patstab 305 ( Medium/ Fast)Patstab 321K ( Medium/ Fast)Patstab 419K ( Medium)

Kicker Potassium / Zinc Phenol free

Phenol free---

Phenol free

Kicker Barium / Zinc

Kicker Calcium/ Zinc

Heat StabilizersType Grade

Barium / Zinc

Patstab 301 Low phenol, Nonylphenyl free Patstab 303

Patstab 307 Patstab 306

Patstab 308

Patstab 324

Patstab 336

---

Patstab 355 SF PTBBA, 2-EHA free

Calcium / Zinc

PTBBA, 2-EHA free Patstab 405

Patstab 411

Patstab 410 PTBBA, 2-EHA freePhenol freeNonylphenyl free

Patstab 401

--- Patstab 409

Patstab 415

Patstab CZL65

www.patchamltd.com

PATCHAM (FZC)

P.O. Box: 7753,Saif Zone, Sharjah, UAETel: +971-6-5570035Fax: +971-6-5570038Email: [email protected]

PATCHAM INDIA

B-52, Pravasi Industrial EstateVishweshwar Nagar, Off Aarey RoadGoregoan (E), Mumbai - 400 063 (India)Tel: +91-22-29272471

PATCHAM EUROPE BV

Oranjestraat 107451 CC HoltenNetherlandsEmail: [email protected]

PATCHAM USA LLC

10 Commerce RoadFairfield, New Jersey – 07004Tel: (201) 293-4282Fax: (201) 820-0818Email: [email protected]

The information given in this booklet is intended for technical guidance without obligation. Ver. 1.4

Documents

Addi ves and Heat Stabilizers for PVC Plas solPVC Heat Stabilizer PVC resin needs rela vely high processing temperatures Resin suﬀers heat degrada on at the lower temperatures than