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2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 01 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future Work
GI-Themenabend - Köln/Bonn, Germany2016-09-21
Additive Fertigung und die Cloud
Felix Baumann21. September 2016
Institut für Rechnergestützte IngenieursystemeUniversität Stuttgart
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 02 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future Work
Table of Content
1 Motivation and Goals
2 Methodology
3 Future Work
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 03 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkGeneral Relevance and Dissemination of Topic
Author Information
Research group at Univ. of Stuttgart, GermanyComputer aided product developmentAdditive Manufacturing applications
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 04 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkGeneral Relevance and Dissemination of Topic
Additive Manufacturing/3D Printing
(here) syn. Additive Manufacturing / 3D Printing. Creates physical objects from digital models. Layer-wise addition of material. Variety of material (e.g., plastics, metals, ceramics). Summarizes technologies:
� Electron Beam Melting (EBM)� Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM, also Fused
Filament Fabrication FFF)� Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)� Stereolitography (SLA)� Selective Laser Sintering/Melting (SLS/SLM)� 3D Printing (3DP)
. Uses STL (STereoLithography) files, tessellated objectdescription
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 05 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkGeneral Relevance and Dissemination of Topic
3D Printing Process3D-Printing
Use
r
User
Design
CAD Model STL File
Positioning Slicing
Influences:- Quality- Print Duration- Utilization
STL File
Postprocessing
QAVariables:- Layer Height- Extrusion Material- Speed- Fill Density/Pattern- Support Structures
GCode
Software Suite
X-Repository
PrintingSupervision
1. 2. 3. 4B. 5.
3D P
rint
er
3D Printer
Printing
- Data-Repository- Model-Repository- CAD-Repository- Idea ManagementSoftware- RequirementsDatabase
4A.
0..m
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 06 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkGeneral Relevance and Dissemination of Topic
Rapid Technology
. Rapid Prototyping, VDI directive 3405(13): „Additivefabrication of parts with limited functionality, but withsufficiently well-defined specific characteristics.“
. Rapid Tooling, VDI directive 3404(14): „The use ofadditive technologies and processes to fabricate endproducts which are used as tools, moulds and mouldinserts.“
. Rapid Manufacturing, VDI directive 3404(14): „Additivefabrication of end products (often also described asproduction parts).“
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 07 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkGeneral Relevance and Dissemination of Topic
Cloud Manufacturing
. Agile Manufacturing, Distributed Manufacturing, etc.
. Service orientation
. Capabilities (e.g., Design) + Abilities (e.g.,Manufacturing)
. Flexibility through compartmentalized services� Service providers, consumers� AM for Rapid Tooling, Manufacturing, Prototyping� XaaS, Everything as a Service
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 08 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkGeneral Relevance and Dissemination of Topic
Topological Map
. Research areas for our work
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 09 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkGeneral Relevance and Dissemination of Topic
Motivation
. Literature/Research overview on 3D Printing/AM/CM
� What services are available?� How can these services be utilized?
→ Embed into concept of CM→ Usable in 3D printing service?
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 10 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkGeneral Relevance and Dissemination of Topic
Google Trends
Public interest in 3D printing exists
2004
-08-
08 -
2004
-08-
14
2005
-03-
20 -
2005
-03-
26
2005
-10-
30 -
2005
-11-
05
2006
-06-
11 -
2006
-06-
17
2007
-01-
21 -
2007
-01-
27
2007
-09-
02 -
2007
-09-
08
2008
-04-
13 -
2008
-04-
19
2008
-11-
23 -
2008
-11-
29
2009
-07-
05 -
2009
-07-
11
2010
-02-
14 -
2010
-02-
20
2010
-09-
26 -
2010
-10-
02
2011
-05-
08 -
2011
-05-
14
2011
-12-
18 -
2011
-12-
24
2012
-07-
29 -
2012
-08-
04
2013
-03-
10 -
2013
-03-
16
2013
-10-
20 -
2013
-10-
26
2014
-06-
01 -
2014
-06-
07
2015
-01-
11 -
2015
-01-
17
2015
-08-
23 -
2015
-08-
29
0
20
40
60
80
100
num
ber
of
queri
es
3D printing Additive Manufacturing Cloud Manufacturing 3D Print
Search Results for Terms from Google Trends (2004 - 2016)
source of data: trends.google.com; 3D printing, sum=13816, avg=43.72; AM, sum=983, avg=3.11; CM, sum=217, avg=0.69; 3D print, sum=6060, avg=19.18
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 11 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkGeneral Relevance and Dissemination of Topic
Publication Growth
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
period
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
pub
licati
ons;
avg
=3
19
6.8
1
0
16
32
48
64
80
96
112
128
144
perc
ent;
avg
=4
1.3
2
Average number of publications Average annual growth
Average number of publications per year (Google Scholar)
source of data: scholar.google.com
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 12 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkGeneral Relevance and Dissemination of Topic
Interdisciplinary Research / 3D Printing
. Broad research interest.
. Difference between 3D printing and AM?
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
percent
MATERIALS SCIENCE
ENGINEERING
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY OTHER TOPICS
CHEMISTRY
PHYSICS
COMPUTER SCIENCE
OTHER
Classification of Research in 3D Printing
source of data: webofknowledge.com; n=3369
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 13 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkGeneral Relevance and Dissemination of Topic
Interdisciplinary Research / AM
0 10 20 30 40 50
percent
MATERIALS SCIENCE
ENGINEERING
CHEMISTRY
METALLURGY METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
PHYSICS
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY OTHER TOPICS
FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
OTHER
Classification of Research in Additive Manufacturing
source of data: webofknowledge.com; n=4582
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 14 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Methodology
1. Based on Study by Rayna and Striukova, A Taxonomyof Online 3D Printing Platforms
2. Forward and backward search3. Internet Search
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 15 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Structure
. Research prototype architecture
. Available (public) services
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 16 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Service Architecture
. Structural decomposition
. BPMS backend
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
Company/Service Name URL Classification Established Location3Faktur http://3faktur.com Modeling
Service2014 Germany
3DaGoGo https://www.3dagogo.com Marketplace 2013 USA3DExport https://3dexport.com Marketplace,
Repository2004 USA
3DHubs http://3dhubs.com Crowd Print-ing Provider
2013 USA
3DPrinterOS https://www.3dprinteros.com Crowd Print-ing Provider
2014 USA
3DShook http://www.3dshook.com Marketplace,SubscriptionService
2014 Israel
3D Warehouse https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com Marketplace,Community,Repository
2006 USA
Autodesk 123D http://www.123dapp.com Software,Marketplace,Repository
2009 USA
Clara.io https://clara.io Repository,Modeling
2013 Canada
CreateThis http://www.createthis.com Marketplace 2013 USACults https://cults3d.com Marketplace,
Reposi-tory, DesignService
2013 France
Grabcad https://grabcad.com Software,Marketplace,Repository
2009 USA
La Poste http://impression3d.laposte.fr PrintProvider,Marketplace
2013 France
Libre3D http://libre3d.com Marketplace,Repository
2014 USA
Makershop https://www.makershop.co Marketplace,Repository
2013 USA
Materflow http://www.materflow.com PrintProvider,Marketplace,Product Co-Creation/Support
2013 Finland
MeltWerk https://www.meltwerk.com PrintProvider
- Subsidiaryoftrinckle
MyMiniFactory https://www.myminifactory.com Crowd Print-ing Provider,Marketplace
2013 UK
NIH 3D Print Exchange http://3dprint.nih.gov Co-Creation,Repository
2014 USA
p3d.in https://p3d.in Modeling 2010 DenmarkPinshape https://pinshape.com Marketplace 2014 CanadaREPABLES http://repables.com Repository 2013 USARinkak https://www.rinkak.com Marketplace,
Reposi-tory, CrowdPrintingProvider
2014 Japan
shapeking http://www.shapeking.com Marketplace,Repository
2012 Germany
Shapetizer https://www.shapetizer.com Marketplace,Reposi-tory, PrintProvider
2015 China
Sketchfab https://sketchfab.com Marketplace,Repository
2012 France
stlfinder http://www.stlfinder.com Search En-gine
2013 Spain
STLHive http://www.stlhive.com Marketplace,Reposi-tory, DesignService
2015 Canada
Stratasys Direct Express https://express.stratasysdirect.com PrintProvider
2015 USA
Threeding https://www.threeding.com Marketplace,PrintProvider
2014 Bulgaria
Tinkercad https://www.tinkercad.com Design,Repository
2011 USA
Treatstock https://www.treatstock.com Marketplace,Commu-nity, CrowdPrintingProvider
2016 USA
trinckle https://www.trinckle.com PrintProvider
2013 Germany
Trinpy https://www.trinpy.com Marketplace,SubscriptionService
2015 Australia
TurboSquid http://www.turbosquid.com Marketplace,Repository
2000 USA
UPS https://www.theupsstore.com/print/3d-printing PrintProvider
2013 USA
Watertight https://watertight.com Marketplace 2015 USAYeggi http://www.yeggi.com Search En-
gine2013 Germany
YouMagine https://www.youmagine.com Community,Repository,Marketplace
2013 TheNether-lands
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 18 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Repository Example: Thingiverse 1/2
http://thingiverse.com
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 19 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Repository Example: Thingiverse 2/2
http://thingiverse.com
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 20 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Modeling Example: tinkercad
http://tinkercad.com
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 21 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Online Editor CAD Example: openjscad
http://openjscad.org
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 22 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Printing/Marketplace Example: shapeways
http://shapeways.com
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 23 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Crowd Printing Example: 3DHubs
http://3dhubs.com
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 24 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Crowd Design Example: DesignCrowd
http://designcrowd.com
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 25 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Validity Check Example: willit3dprint
http://willit3dprint.com
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 26 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
Service Comparison Example: All3DP
https://price.all3dp.com
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 27 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
3D Printer Comparison Example: productchart
https://www.productchart.com/3d_printers
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 28 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
3D Printing Service Search Engine Example: printler
https://www.3dprintler.com/
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 29 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkMethodology 3D Printing Services
CAM File Viewer Example: gcode.ws
https://www.gcode.ws
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 30 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkSummary Contact
Future Work
. Embed a number of services into research prototype
. Update service list
. Provide information on website
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 31 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkSummary Contact
Summary
. Performed analysis of existing 3D printing services
. Classification of services
. Introduction into concepts of various services
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 32 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkSummary Contact
Contact
University of StuttgartUniversitaetsstr. 38, 70569 Stuttgart, GermanyFelix Baumann, [email protected] & A
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 33 / 33
Motivation and Goals Methodology Future WorkSummary Contact
Working Group on 3D Printing
. Interest in collaboration
. Discussion at Informatik 2016 (2016-09-26)
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 34 / 33
AM Definition
ISO/ASTM Standard 52900:2015(E): „process of joiningmaterials to make parts [...] from 3D model data, usuallylayer [...] upon layer, as opposed to subtractivemanufacturing and formative manufacturingmethodologies“
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
2016-09-21 Baumann et al. Additive Fertigung und die Cloud 35 / 33
3D Printing Definition
ISO/ASTM Standard 52900:2015(E): „fabrication of objectsthrough the deposition of a material using a print head,nozzle, or another printer technology“ assoc. with low priceand capability
Institut für Rechnergestützte Ingenieursysteme Universität StuttgartProf. Dr. Dieter Roller
Company/ ServiceName
Designmarketplace
Designreposi-tory
Designservice
Printingmarketplace
Printingservice
Printersale
Crowdsourcingplatform
Editor
3Faktur + +3DaGoGo + +3DExport + +3DHubs + +3DPrinterOS + +3DPrintUK + +3DShook + +3D CreationLab
+
3D Ware-house
+ +
Autodesk123D
+ + +
Clara.io + + +CreateThis + +Cults + + +Grabcad + + p +iMakr + +i.Materialise + + + + +Kraftwurx.com + + + + +La Poste + + + +Libre3D + +MakerBot /Thingiverse
+ + p +
Makershop + +MakeXYZ + + +Materflow + + + +MeltWerk +MyMiniFactory+ + + +NIH 3DPrint Ex-change
+ +
p3d.in + + +Pinshape + +Ponoko +REPABLES + +Rinkak + + +Sculpteo +shapeking + +Shapetizer + + +Shapeways + + + +Sketchfab + + +stlfinderSTLHive + + +Stratsys Di-rect Express
+ p
Threeding + + +Tinkercad + + o +Treatstock + + + + +trinckle +Trinpy + +TurboSquid + +UPS +Watertight + +Yeggi + +YouMagine + + o p