Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management- Tranining Course Pakistan.doc

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Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality ManagementTraining Course, October 20-23, 2008, Lahore, Pakistan – IUCN Pakistan

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Addressing Climate Change throughBetter Air Quality Management

Training CourseOctober 20-23, 2008Lahore, Pakistan

Draft Report

PAKISTAN PROGRAMME



Table of Contents

Background......................................................................................................................................... 1

1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Key Speeches and Main Events........................................................................................1

1.2. Presentations.....................................................................................................................2

1.3. Wrap up.............................................................................................................................6

2. Conclusion....................................................................................................................................... 8

Annexure(s) Annexure I Programme Agenda Annexure II List of Participants Annexure III Press Release


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Acronyms and Abbreviations

AKU-CHS Aga University Hospital, Department of Community Health Sciences

AQG Air Quality Guidelines

AQM Air Quality ManagementCAI-Asia Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Centre

CAIP Clean Air Implementation Plan

CDGK City District Government Karachi

DPSEEA Driving force, Pressure, State, Exposure, Effect, Action

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

ENERCON The National Energy Conservation Centre

GLPs Good Laboratory Practices

GMPs Good Measurement Practices

IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer

IEE Initial Environmental ExaminationIUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature

NGO Non Governmental Organization

Pak EPA Pakistan Environment Protection Agency

PCAN Pakistan Clean Air Network

PCAP Pakistan Clean Air Programme

PEPA Pakistan Environment Protection Act

PM Particulate Matter

PMF Positive Matrix Factorization

SEI Stockholm Environment Institute

SOPs Standard Operation Procedures

SUPARCO Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission

TAP-CC Technical Advisory Panel on Climate Change

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

VOC Volatile Organic Compounds


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Background

Air pollution is a critical environmental issue in the major cities of Pakistan. The Economic Surveyof Pakistan 2005-06 stated that air pollution levels in Pakistan’s most populated cities are amongthe highest in the world and are climbing, causing serious health impacts. On the other hand,climate change is a global issue, but with potentially significant consequences for Pakistan.

Hence, in order to improve capacity of the relevant institutions on addressing challenges posedby both air pollution and climate change, need was felt to organize a training course thataddresses these concerns and sets the course for further action by concerned bodies.

1. Introduction

A four-day training course titled "Addressing Climate Change through Better Air QualityManagement’" was organized by Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA), incollaboration with Pakistan Clean Air Network (PCAN), IUCN Pakistan, Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Centre (CAI-Asia), Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and Community HealthSciences Department of Aga University Hospital (AKU-CHS). The course was held in PearlContinental Hotel, Lahore, Pakistan, from October 20-23, 2008.

The objective of this course was to ensure that relevant stakeholders are informed of the problemand are supportive of the development and implementation of action plans that aim to mitigate air pollution. To address these aspects, the course included both theoretical and practical aspects.

The course was conducted by Dr. Dieter Schwela of SEI, and was supported by experts fromCAI–Asia (Mr. Herbert Fabian) and other prominent national institutes. The event was attendedby a diverse group from relevant organizations, including heads and representatives of variousgovernment departments, subject specialists, researchers, representatives of civil societyorganizations, academia and media. (List of participates is attached as Annexure II)

1.1. Key Speeches and Main Events

Brief summary of key speeches and presentations is shared below. The agenda of thecourse and press release is attached as Annexure I and Annexure II respectively.

In the inaugural session, Mr. Zia-ul-Islam, Director, Pak EPA, welcomed the participantsand emphasized that climate change and AQM are global challenges and Pakistan is both arecipient and a contributor. Key issues highlighted include vehicle pollution, garbageburning, industrial emission, agriculture waste burning, forest fires, indoor air pollution andtransboundary air quality. Mr. Islam said that Pak EPA and Ministry of Environment iscognizant of the issue. While sharing achievements of the Government of Pakistan, he saidthat a National Environment Policy has already been approved and work on ambient air quality standard draft is currently underway. Mr. Islam congratulated the participants onplaying a significant role in AQM in Pakistan. He sought guidance of the experts presentand stressed on the support of legal fraternity, NGOs and civil society organizations, indefining a way forward.

Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Ahmad Saeed, Principal Expert, Global Change, IUCNPakistan, advised on addressing air pollution holistically, rather than ‘looking at the end of the pipe treatment’. He added further that climate change needs to be addressed through AQM as these two are interrelated. He highlighted the need to prepare proper policyframework at the federal and provincial level, to address air quality related issueseffectively.

Two international experts were also present at the occasion to share their experience andexpertise. They were D. Dieter Schwela from SEI and Mr. Herbert Fabian from CAI-Asia.

On behalf of SEI, Dr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, proposed working withPakistan to overcome deficiencies. He added further that developing countries, such as

Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management 1Training Course, October 20-23, 2008, Lahore, Pakistan – IUCN Pakistan



Pakistan, can certainly benefit from the experience and sophisticated means of developedcountries, especially some countries in Europe, in addressing AQM.

Areas of discussion in the training course includes addressing urban air pollution andintegration with climate change, emission inventories, source apportionment, monitoring,dispersion modeling, quality assurance, potential impacts of climate change and air

pollution, and governance and policies in Pakistan.

1.2. Presentations

DAY 1

1.2.1. Course ExpectationsDr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK

Dr. Schwela shared his expectations from this training course along with notingparticipants’ expectations from the event. With regard to his expectations, Dr.Schwela stated that he seeks to see the identified issues turn into policies. He addedto this by saying that action oriented, rather than knowledge base, efforts are

required, such that they act as driving force for the people. He wished to see thecourse as a workshop and dialogue which:• Helps identify gaps and deficiencies in AQM in Pakistan and also the means to

overcome them;• Helps end the stalemate in AQM in Pakistan; and• Creates ideas for future collaboration between Pakistan national, regional and

local authorities, IUCN, SEI and other stakeholders.

1.2.2. Introduction to AQMDr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK

In his presentation, Dr. Schwela discussed the following contextually relevant air pollution aspects with the audience:• DPSEEA framework - drivers of air pollution; emission and other atmospheric

pressures; state of air pollution; exposure of human, plants and materials to air pollution; health, environmental and economic effects of air pollution at all scales(direct and indirect); and action to abate air pollution (cleaner production,regulation of mobile and stationary sources, taxation, economic incentives,public awareness)

• Urban environmental transition model and air pollution problems in citiesaccording to economic development

• AQM principles, stages and steps - inventory, monitoring, modeling, evaluating,laws and regulation development, regulatory instruments (direct and indirect –economic, command and control, and government investment)

• Integrated AQM strategy and management model (illustrating actions and

results)• Clean Air Implementation Plan (CAIP) and contents• CAFÉ cost benefit analysis• CAIP success stories (USA, London and Germany) and non-success story

(India)

1.2.3. Introduction to Climate Change and Integration with AQMMr. Hebert Fabian, Transport Coordinator, CAI-Asia, Bangkok

Mr. Fabian provided a comprehensive overview of climate change linkage with AQMand shared its relevance to Asian countries, with regard to the overlapping benefitsemerging from a joint mitigation plan. Key topics discussed include an introduction to

climate change; global and regional climate change trends; air pollution and climatechange linkages; and importance of shared costs and co-benefits from air pollutionand climate change mitigation measures (reduced air pollution, associated health




benefits, increased access to energy, improved energy security, and other socio-economic gains).

Mr. Fabian shared information on the current status of co-benefits approach in Asia(perception, monitoring and management). He also highlighted co-benefits relatedexamples from Asia (China, India) and illustrated an integrated plan of action (key

components include knowledge management, policy development / networking,capacity building, implementation and investments), which included incorporation of relevant policies and institutions.

1.2.4. Transboundary Air PollutionDr. Badar Munir Ghauri, Director, SUPARCO

Speaking on the occasion, Dr. Ghauri provided deep understanding of air pollutionas an urban issue, which is regional in nature. He shared a rationale for the need toaddress air pollution and continued with discussing various other technical aspects,starting with sharing a country-to-country source-receptor matrix, regional renewableenergy targets and regional cooperation efforts (Male’ Declaration).

Dr. Ghauri maintained focus on the strategy for transboundary air pollution, in whichhe elaborated on certain themes as crucial, including integration of monitoring dataon a sub-regional basis, analysis and refinement of national emission inventories,strengthening of regional modeling capabilities, studies on the impact assessment,stakeholder involvement, information dissemination and policy issues). He alsoshared regional case studies and further underlined certain terms and functions,including satellite imagery, Aerosol Optical Thickness, Aerosol Optical Depth,aerosol sampling, trajectory, trajectory, receptor model (e.g. PMF), and sourcecontribution.

DAY 2

1.2.5. Types and Sources of Air Pollution

Dr. Badar Ghauri, Director, SUPARCO

In order to notify the audience on the different sources (point sources and non-pointsources) and types (natural and man-made) of air pollution prevalent in Pakistan, Dr.Badar Ghauri gave a factual overview while also sharing brief details of recentprojects and studies underway. Some of the aspects he discussed include: Air pollution monitoring - costs, routine, purpose and monitoring station location Parameters monitored – traditional (criteria pollutants and Hazardous Air

Pollutants / air toxics) and non-traditional (acid rain, secondary pollutants andmeteorological parameters)

Air pollution componentso Sources (including Particulate Matter, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides,

Sulfur Dioxide, acid rain, ozone, VOCs and Black Carbon)o Health and environmental effects

Factors affecting distribution of pollutants and measurement methods National policies to improve air quality - ambient air quality standards, fuel quality

standards, vehicle emission standards Feasibility study for development of transport pollution control plan for Karachi

metropolis (CDGK) – study sites, objectives, tasks, methodology (monitoring,sampling and analysis), findings (pollution load, air quality) and project benefits

Baseline ambient air quality study in major cities of Pakistan (measuring meanconcentration of major pollutants) - a UNDP/ENERCON Ferts / Seal Project

International Participation Program




1.2.6. Emissions Inventories and Source ApportionmentDr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK

Dr. Dieter Scwela focused on the following areas in his presentation on the assignedtopic: Exceedance of standards

Understanding emissions inventories (need, use, technique, source – point, area,mobile, line, non-road)

Rapid assessment approach/procedure - advantages, disadvantages Ion beam analysis method Input data for emission inventories Source apportionment (neutron activation analysis)

1.2.7. Meteorology and Dispersion ModellingDr. Badar Ghauri, Director, SUPARCO

Several features elaborated on by Dr. Badar Ghauri, with regard air qualitymeteorology and pollutant dispersion were concerned with: Temperature profile of atmosphere Key aspects and applications of air quality meteorology - atmospheric turbulence

(adiabatic lapse rate, buoyant forcing), scales of turbulent motion, plumebehaviour, planetary boundary layer, effects on dispersion and applications

Atmospheric pollutants (primary and secondary) Stability influence (boundary layer stability, ground source pollutant dispersion,

mesoscale circulations affecting dispersion) Atmospheric dispersion modeling Hazardous waste spill / toxic corridor calculation - wind speed (m/s), base

weather station, spill area in m2, toxic pool temperature (celsius), Z factor for substance

Impact of fixed geographic features - sea breeze, valley wind, drainage wind, flowpattern

Air quality modeling – purpose, factors, inadequacy of measurements,application, model selection / adoption and classes (gaussian, numerical,statistical, physical)

1.2.8. Objectives of Monitoring, Data Quality Objectives, Design of Monitoring ProgramsDr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK

Key learning objectives targeted at by Dr. Schwela included: Sources of air quality data, design components, data quality and monitoring

objectives, operational sequence Monitoring stations – different types, site selection, sampler location, equipment

selection and instruments (passive, active, automatic analysers, remote sensors) Sampling network operating considerations and sampling station density factors Monitoring programme support Interpretation and dissemination of data

1.2.9. Quality Assurance and ControlDr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK

Dr. Schwela dealt with the topic of quality assurance by covering the basicdimensions. He marked the two components of quality assurance as quality controland quality assessment. He further stated the objectives of quality assurance, whichhe said are data representativeness of ambient conditions, measurements accuracyand precision, data inter-comparability and reproducibility, results traceability tometrology standards, measurements consistency over time, adequacy of data

In addition to this, Dr. Schwela shared the elements and organizational features of quality assurance, along with listing the basic requirements of a quality assurance




programme (recognize errors, understand measurement system, develop techniquesto minimize errors, evaluate and report data). He also deliberated on the followingterms: Maintenance and calibration of equipment Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs), Good Measurement Practices (GMPs),

Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs)

Sampling – aspects, types, documentation and analysis Method selection, analytical system calibration, detection limits, data review and

validation, and data review considerations

Day 3

1.2.10. Health Effects of Air PollutionDr. Amna Rehana Siddiqui, Assistant Professor, Department of Community HealthSciences, Aga Khan University (AKU-CHS)

Dr. Siddiqui provided an overview of connection between air pollution and humanhealth. She discussed the mechanism of health effects, the sources and types of air pollutants affecting human health (Particulate Matter, Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur

Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxide, Benzene, Ozone, Lead) and population groups vulnerable toadverse health outcomes. She further validated her arguments through sharing studyresults conducted by international and local experts, including work done by Dr.Siddiqui. These included studies conduced in Northern Areas of Pakistan, on healtheffects from exposure to indoor air pollution.

1.2.11. Potential Impacts of Climate Change on PakistanDr. Pervaiz Amir, Asianics

Dr. Amir presented the current trends in climate change relevant to Pakistan. He alsoshared the impacts of climate change on people, water, agriculture, ecologies andcoasts. In addition to this, Dr. Amir shared the IPCC 2007 report findings, whichstated that South Asia, particularly Pakistan, will face the burnt of climate changeimpacts from global warming, rising temperature and reduced precipitation. Heinformed the participants about the rise in mean temperature in Pakistan and saidthat glaciers in Pakistan are likely to continue rapid recession in the Himalaya HinduKush region. He added that food insecurity will increase as a result of climatechange, resulting in greater chances of social and economical conflicts. He stressedon the need for investment in climate change management, with exclusive emphasison adaptation and mitigation.

1.2.12. Air Quality Guidelines and StandardsDr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, SEI, University of York, UK

In his deliberation on air quality standards and guidelines, Dr. Schwela highlighted itsimportance and elements, while also sharing prevalent international trends andmethodologies in use. To set the stage, he stated the rationale and objectives for deriving Air Quality Guidelines (AQG), followed by explaining the criteria used inestablishing AQG, as well as criteria for carcinogens, for selection of uncertaintyfactors and for averaging times. He also shared the classification criteria of IARC inqualitative assessment, while also discussing quantitative assessment, unit riskmodel, Quantitative Risk Analysis and arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Dr. Schwela clearly defined the process for setting standards and listed factors toconsider (natural background contamination, geophysical and meteorological factorsand socio-economic factors), policy options and problem areas. He also informed theaudience of the standards in environmental and occupational health. In addition tothis, he shared the benefits and limitations of harmonisation in air standards.




1.2.13. Control Measures and Co-Benefits for Climate Change (Industrial and Area Sources)Mr. Hebert Fabian, Transport Coordinator, CAI-Asia, Bangkok

Mr. Herbert Fabian provided an overview of global energy demand and regionalenergy mix (oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydropower), capacity growth, power sector investment and energy efficiency. He also shared the standards, control

strategies and barrier faced for implementing measures for stationary sources.

1.2.14. Air Pollution Regulation and Implementation in PakistanMr. Zia-ul-Islam, Director, Pak EPA

Mr. Zia-ul-Islam updated the audience on the current status of public policy andexecution framework, with regard to environmental protection in general and AQM inparticular. He identified the role of Pak EPA in this regard and listed the existingconstitutional provision, regulatory framework (National Conservation Strategy,PEPA’97 and National Environmental Quality Standards which are being prepared),regulations (IEE/EIA Regulations 2000, Environmental Samples Rules 2001, Self Monitoring and Reporting by Industry Rules 2001, Pollution Charge for IndustryRules 2001) and AQM policies (2001 National Environmental Action Plan and

Pakistan Clean Air Programme which is in the pipeline). In addition to this, hemarked the activities underway, such as the monitoring activities under Male'Declaration, studies undertaken, adoption of Euro Standards and future plan,including development of emission inventory of Pakistan, corrosion impactassessment for building materials and metals, health impact assessment as well asthe air quality monitoring plan (present and proposed).

Mr. Islam also conducted a brief orientation on AQM. He shared environmentalindicators (cost of environmental damage, energy consumption, vehicle population),status of air quality (cost: urban air pollution, indoor air pollution lead exposure),health impacts, sources (vehicles, power plants, industries and brick kilns),challenges (high public expectations, insufficient resources, high population density,insufficient policy focus, low literacy rate, and lack of awareness and civic sense).

The way forward suggested by Mr. Islam include the following recommendations:regional Inter-Governmental cooperation, promotion of energy efficiency andconservation in the commercial/private sector, adoption of pollution controltechnologies, modification of furnaces and engines, adoption of careful land-excavating methods, implementation of PCAP, implementation of an integratedpublic transportation system, and creation of necessary policies to control urbanrefuse burning.

1.2.15. Control Measures and Co-Benefits for Climate Change (Transport)Mr. Hebert Fabian, Transport Coordinator, CAI-Asia, Bangkok

While tackling a topic of his expertise, Mr. Fabian provided a focused insight throughillustrations on the situation and milestones for transport in Asia. He shared statistics

on the vehicular growth in Asia and particularly, Pakistan. Furthermore, Mr. Fabiandiscussed transport emissions and framework for reducing transport emissions. Healso notified the audience on co-benefit measurement approaches, mitigation andcontrol strategies (e.g. retrofitting buses, inspection and maintenance), transportoptions (e.g. Bus Rapid Transit) and related successful examples from Latin America, Indonesia and India (proposed).

1.3. Wrap up

Dr. Dieter SchwelaDr. Dieter Schwela conducted a brief wrap up session for the participants. He said that thecourse was successful in providing an opportunity to participants to learn about practicallyall issues related to AQM and climate change mitigation. The activity was especially useful

for novices in the field and it is wished that the subject will be applied by all in their respective fields.




Dr. Schwela added that the issue is serious for Pakistan, hence tackling it is important.However, he cautioned that we must be aware that developed countries (US, Germany,England) needed quite a long time (20-30 yrs) to clean up air. With respect to ParticulateMatter emissions, it is still not cleaned up. Despite the efforts, WHO guidelines have beenare enforced or achieved nowhere, except Switzerland, who adopted air quality guidelines

very early; they are faced with the issue of SOx and PM emissions.

Dr. Schwela pointed out that bureaucrats / politicians want to see results / solution.However, if we design solutions now, we will realize that these are just solutions and cannotbe implemented, because we do not have emission inventories and monitoring system. For a city of 10 million inhabitants, such as Lahore, there are only two monitoring stations. Thismeans that we do not know the air quality status in all areas of Lahore. A comparativeanalysis cannot be made of monitoring results / standard unless we data for all areas.

Dr. Schwela felt that tyre burning, though a serious problem for those in locality, is not asserious problem for Lahore, as is transport. He advised on improving the traffic flow andmaking special lanes for taxis/buses, which he asserted is a cheaper, low cost solution,unlike BRT or subway systems.

He also presented a short term solution. He said that Pakistan needs to phase out has oldvehicles (some cars on the street are 1975 model). Use of individual cars should not beencouraged and alternatives should be provided or explored. Dr. Schwela requested IUCNor the trainee(s) to take responsibility of taking this course initiative forward through email –questionnaire/comments from participants. He felt that during the course duration there wasless time to share views and short term and medium term solutions. He showed interest incontinuing with the initiative of conducting further training courses for other people, in order to have a process rather than a one-off event. He proposed asking CAI-Asia for funding.

He suggested that IUCN/SEI/CAI-Asia should formulate proposals / proposed actions for Pakistani cities, make a list of suggestions and circulate it amongst participants for comments. He felt that we are already well aware of the situation and its solution. What is

needed now is monitoring and low cost solutions.

Dr. Zia-ul-Islam, Director, Pak EPA added to the discussion by saying that every upcomingproject should take approval from respective EPAs. Approval should be given on thecondition that standard compliance is mandatory. Post EIA monitoring should also be doneafter approval. Mr. Islam said called for collective action for energy and/or water conservation. He advised on introducing cheaper pollution control technologies for industries, which he admitted takes years.

A participant from Balochistan highlighted the local situation. He said that the dust particleremains in the air for longer period time in mountainous areas. There are smaller vehiclesand no buses within the periphery. He stated that due to narrow roads BRT system is not asolution for them. The Master plan for the region was devised 25 years ago; hence, the

master plan needs to be revised with a change in landscape and land use. Additionally,incentive needs to be given to rickshaw drivers to replace vehicle engine with 4 strokeengines. The traffic management system also needs to be devised and alternate routesfound.

In response to the concern from Balochistan, Dr. Schwela requested for a copy of their Master Plan. He concluded the wrap up session by sharing a few more thoughts. He saidthat in such forums, we realize that there are sensitized people sitting around, who give usstrength to work on these issues. Hence, we need to identify key players (mayors, Chief Ministers) who have the ability to drive through. Also, he said that we need to findchampions/famous people of AQM. He shared an idea that was discussed in CAI-Asia. Theidea was to involve artists who can sell the idea to the public. Dr. Schwela asked for generating/discussing/evaluating information.




A suggestion by Dr. Rehana Siddiqui was to publish related papers in newspaper andacademic journal. She said that we should set tasks and timeline for the next similar eventand/or follow up workshop in the next 1-2 years, probably in the Year of Environment (2009)in all provincial capitals, so that we can share experiences on where we have reached sincethe last course. She acknowledged that funding will be required and requested for PakEPA’s assistance/commitment to arrange for the required fund. In such events, she advised

on involving politicians and ensuring that masses are sensitized. All provincial EPAs shouldalso participate and chalk out their respective program for the following year.

Mr. Muhammad Aqib UddinMr. Aqib gave concluding remarks at the event of the event. He thanked Mr. Herbert Fabianfor coming to a Pakistan as a resource person, despite heavy commitments, whichespecially included preparation for BAQ 2008 in Bangkok.

He also thanked Dr. Schwela for visiting Pakistan twice in two months, despite the turmoilconditions in the country; this means that Dr. Schwela is ready for a long temcommitment /project in Pakistan. He added that foreigners’ coming to Pakistan at this timeshows their trust in our society/culture.

Mr. Aqib also thanked Dr. Rehana who came on single request. He hoped that everyonewill add value when they go back to their respective organizations.

Mr. Zia-ul-IslamOn behalf of Pak EPA as well as the participants, Mr. Zia-ul-Islam thanked the participantsand Dr. Schwela for ‘his wonderful and intense presentations and insight on AQM’. Hethanked Mr. Fabian for providing a regional perspective on how to tackle air quality issues.He also thanked Dr. Siddiqui for sharing experience on health concerns, which he felt areneglected. In addition to this, he showed gratitude towards Dr. Ghauri for his support. Mr.Islam also thanked the organizers – IUCN and PCAN. He hoped that the group will meetsoon, for better coordination. He felt that these forums provide an opportunity to interactand share views. A lot of new ideas emerge. He gave his commitment on sharing the ideasfloated with the Federal EPA and will work on translating them into practical

implementation.

2. Conclusion

The training course was successful in signifying the importance of managing GHGs and air pollution. The feedback from the course participants was positive and encouraging. They werenot only satisfied with the overall course content and design, but also with the level of deliverance. One of the important observations which came from the participants was that nowthey have far better understanding of managing the issues of climate change and air pollution,and have a clear way forward. It was also strongly suggested that such types of courses shouldbe organized in each of the provincial capitals, so that a larger group of audiences can getbenefit out of it. This training course would not have been so successful without the valuablecontribution by the local and international resource persons.




Annexure ITraining Course Agenda

Day 1: Monday, October 20, 2008 Remarks0830 – 0900 Registration of participants0900 – 0905 Recitation from Holy Quran0905 – 0915 Welcome and introduction (objectives of the training course) Pak-EPA

0915 – 0920 AS

0920 – 1000 Expectations of the participants DS

I INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

1000 – 1100 Introduction to Air Quality Management DS

1100 – 1130 Tea break1130 – 1230 Introduction to climate change and integration with air quality management BF

1230 – 1400 Lunch and prayer break1400 – 1500 Transboundary air pollution BG

Day 2: Tuesday, October 21, 2008II EMISSIONS

0900 – 1000 Types and sources of air pollution BG

1000 – 1100 Emission inventories and source apportionment DS

1100 – 1130 Tea breakIII MODELING

1130 – 1230 Meteorology and dispersion modelling BG

1230 – 1400 Lunch and prayer breakIV MONITORING

1400 – 1500 Objectives of monitoring, data quality objectives and design of monitoringprograms

DS

1500 – 1600 Quality assurance and control DS

Day 3: Wednesday, October 22, 2008Field Trip

Day 4: Thursday, October 23, 2008V IMPACTS

0900 – 1000 Health impacts of air pollution RS

1000 – 1100 Potential impacts of climate change on Pakistan PA

1100 – 1130 Tea breakVI GOVERNANCE AND POLICIES

1130 – 1230 Air quality guidelines and standards DS1230 – 1400 Lunch and prayer break1400 – 1500 Control measures and co-benefits for climate change (industrial and area sources) BF

1500 – 1600 Air pollution regulation and implementation in Pakistan ZI

1600 – 1700 Control measures and co-benefits for climate change (transport) BF

1700 – 1715 Tea break1715 – 1745 Wrap up DS

1745 Adjourn

National Resource Persons:PA: Dr. Parvaiz Amir, Climate Change ExpertZI: Zia-ul-Islam, Director, Pakistan Environment Protection Agency (Pak-EPA)RS: Dr. Rehana Siddiqui, Community Health Sciences Department, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKU-CHS)BG: Dr. Badar Ghauri, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO)

International Resource Persons:DS: Dr. Dieter Schwela, Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, UK


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BF: Mr. Bert Fabian, Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Center, Philippines

Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management iiTraining Course, October 20-23, 2008, Lahore, Pakistan – IUCN Pakistan



Annexure IIList of Participants

No. Name Designation OrganizationKarachi, Sindh

1 Mr. Dilshad Ahmad Ansari Assistant Director, Agriculture Sindh Environment Protection Agency (Sindh EPA)

2 Mr. Muhammad Saleem Jalbani Assistant Chief (Environment)Planning & Development Department (P&DD),Government of Sindh

3 Mirza Anwar Baig Director Karachi Mass Transit Cell, City District GovernmentKarachi (KMTC-CDGK)

4 Mr. Said Rehman Manager Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere ResearchCommission (SUPARCO)

5 Dr. Muhammad Ashiq General Manager Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere ResearchCommission (SUPARCO)

6 Dr. Badar Ghauri (resource person) Director Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere ResearchCommission (SUPARCO)

7Dr. Amna Rehana Siddiqui(resource person)

Assistant Professor Department of Community Health Sciences, AgaKhan University (AKU-CHS)

8Mr. Muhammad Aqib Uddin (IUCNstaff)

Coordinator IUCN Pakistan

9 Ms Fizza Shah (IUCN staff) Research Associate IUCN Pakistan

Islamabad, Federal

10 Ms Anjum Rasheed Technical Officer Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency,Government of Pakistan (Pak EPA)

11 Mr. Zia-ul-Islam (resource person) Director Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA)

12 Dr. Auragzeb KhanChief / PD / Environment Assessment Specialist

Planning and Development Division, Government of Pakistan

13 Mr. Mohammad Naeem Deputy Chief National Transport Research Centre (NRTC)14 Mr. Kaleem Mir Scientific Officer Global Change Impact Study Centre

15 Dr. Ishtiaq A. Qazi PrincipalInstitute of Environmental Science and Engineering(IESE), National University of Science andTechnology (NUST)

16 Dr. Parvaiz Amir (resource person) Asianics17 Mr. Ahmad Saeed (IUCN staff) Principal Expert, Global Change IUCN Pakistan

Peshawar, NWFP

18 Dr. Hussain Ahmed Director EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency NWFP,Government of NWFP

Quetta, Balochistan

19 Mr. Mohammad Ali Batur Deputy Director, EIA/MonitoringEnvironmental Protection Agency Balochistan,Government of Balochistan

20 Mr. Ikram ul Haq Chief of Section, EnvironmentPlanning and Development Department, Governmentof Balochistan

21 Mr. Mehboob Ali (IUCN staff) Environmental GovernanceOfficer, BPSD IUCN Pakistan

Gilgit, Northern Areas

22 Syed Munawar Hussain Mosvi Assistant Director Northern Areas Environmental Protection Agency

Muzzafarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

23 Mr. Muhammad Bashir Khan Director Environmental Protection Agency AJK, Governmentof AJK

Lahore, Punjab

24 Mr. Firdaus Kausar ChemistEnvironmental Protection Department Lahore,Government of Punjab

25 Mr. Rizwan Haider ChemistEnvironmental Protection Agency Punjab,Government of Punjab

26 Mr. Mohammad Younas Director, Engineering Lahore Development Authority

27 Mr. Mahtab Ahmad Senior Scientific Officer Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(PCSIR)

Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management iiiTraining Course, October 20-23, 2008, Lahore, Pakistan – IUCN Pakistan



28 Mr. Muhammad Tariq Scientific Officer Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(PCSIR)

29 Ms Fiza NaeemLecturer, EnvironmentalSciences

Kinnaird College for Women

30 Mr. Mansoor Ali Shah Advocate, Supreme Court of Pakistan

M/s Afridi, Shah and Minallah, Advocates and LegalConsultants

31 Ms Nusrat Jaha Nabeela M/s Afridi, Shah and Minallah, Advocates and LegalConsultants32 Mr. Iqtidar Gillani The Nation33 Mr. H. Ghazali The Urban Unit

International Resource Persons

34 Mr. Herbert Fabian Transport Coordinator Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Centre, Asia (CAI- Asia), Bangkok

35 Dr. Dieter Schwela Senior Research FellowStockholm Environment Institute, University of York,United Kingdom

Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management ivTraining Course, October 20-23, 2008, Lahore, Pakistan – IUCN Pakistan



Annexure III

Press Release

CLIMATE CHANGE AND AIR POLLUTION LINKAGES

A four-day training course titled “Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management’”has been organized by Pak EPA in collaboration with Pakistan Clean Air Network, IUCN Pakistan andClean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Centre. The course will be underway from October 20-23, 2008.

Lahore, October 20, 2008 (IUCN) – A four-day training course titled "Addressing Climate Changethrough Better Air Quality Management’" has been organized by Pak EPA in collaboration withPakistan Clean Air Network, IUCN Pakistan and Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Centre. Thecourse will be underway from October 20-23, 2008.

Air pollution is a critical environmental issue in the major cities of Pakistan. The Economic Survey of Pakistan 2005-06 stated that air pollution levels in Pakistan’s most populated cities were among thehighest in the world and were climbing, causing serious health impacts. On the other hand climate

change is a global issue but with potential significant consequences for Pakistan.

The purpose of the workshop is to improve the capacity relevant organizations to address thechallenges posed by both air pollution and climate change.

The course is being attended by a diverse group from relevant organizations, including heads andrepresentatives of various government departments, subject specialists, researchers, representativesof civil society organizations, academia and media.

Welcoming the participants, Mr. Zia-ul-Islam, Director, Pakistan Environment Protection Agency,emphasized that climate change and Air Quality Management (AQM) are global challenges andPakistan is both a recipient and a contributor. Key issues highlighted include vehicle pollution,

garbage burning, industrial emission, agriculture waste burning, forest fires, indoor air pollution andtransboundary air quality. Mr. Islam said that Pak-EPA and Ministry of Environment is cognizant of theissue. While sharing achievements of the Government of Pakistan, he said that a NationalEnvironment Policy has already been approved and work on ambient air quality standard draft iscurrently underway. Mr. Islam congratulated the participants on playing a significant role in AQM inPakistan. He sought guidance of the experts present and stressed on the support of legal fraternity,NGOs and civil society organizations, in defining a way forward.

Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Ahmad Saeed, Principal Expert, Global Change, IUCN Pakistan,advised on addressing air pollution holistically, rather than ‘looking at the end of the pipe treatment’.He added further that climate change needs to be addressed through AQM as these two areinterrelated. He highlighted the need to prepare proper policy framework at the federal and provinciallevel, to address air quality related issues effectively.

Two international experts are present at the occasion to share their experience and expertise. Onbehalf of Stockholm Environment Institute, Dr. Dieter Schwela, Senior Research Fellow, proposedworking with Pakistan to overcome deficiencies. He added further that developing countries, such asPakistan, can certainly benefit from the experience and sophisticated means of developed countries,especially some countries in Europe, in addressing AQM.

Areas of discussion in the training course includes addressing urban air pollution and integration withclimate change, emission inventories, source apportionment, monitoring, dispersion modeling, qualityassurance, potential impacts of climate change and air pollution, and governance and policies inPakistan.

Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management vTraining Course, October 20-23, 2008, Lahore, Pakistan – IUCN Pakistan



Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management viTraining Course October 20 23 2008 Lahore Pakistan IUCN Pakistan

INTERNATIONAL UNIONFOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

PAKISTAN PROGRAMME1, Bath Island RoadClifton – 75500Karachi, PakistanTel. +92 21 5861540Fax +92 21 5861544

www.iucnp.org

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Addressing Climate Change through Better Air Quality Management- Tranining Course Pakistan.doc