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Addressing threats to nature in the Carpathian Mountains
Legal and administrative instruments for addressing conflicts between infrastructure and nature conservation in the Czech Republic
Veronica Ecological Institute WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme
Protected Areas for a Living Planet — delivering on CBD commitments
Funding sources for supporting nature conservation and related development in Hungary
2
Carpathian Treasures
The Carpathian Mountains are Europe’s greatest remaining wilderness area. They are a bastion of large carnivores, with over half the European populations of brown bear, wolves and lynx as well as the greatest remaining stands of natural forest. At the same time, the Carpathians have some of Europe’s richest cultural landscapes, shaped and enriched by centuries of human cultivation.
Contents:
Page
I. Introduction: What and whom this handbook is for 3
II. Legal and administrative instruments for addressing conflicts between infrastructure and nature conservation
4
III. Further use and acknowledgements 11
Available in digital form and on the Internet:
• Handbook of selected legal and administrative instruments for addressing conflicts between infrastructure and nature conservation in the Carpathian Mountains. The handbook provides a general description and overview as well as links to further information on instruments available across the Carpathian Mountains, including in both EU and non-EU member states.
• Powerpoint presentation on legal and administrative instruments for addressing conflicts between infrastructure and nature conservation across the Carpathian Mountains – essentially a powerpoint version of the handbook and free for use and adaptation.
• Country reports: Legal and administrative instruments for addressing conflicts between infrastructure and nature conservation in individual Carpathian countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia).
All available at:
• http://www.panda.org/dcpo
• Direct link: http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/europe/what_we_do/danube_carpathian/our_work/forest_and_protected_areas/carpathian_ecoregion/addressing_threats/index.cfm.
Funding sources for supporting nature conservation and related development in Hungary
3
I. Introduction: What and whom this is for What it is for
The purpose of this country report and the accompanying handbook1 is to provide an introduction and overview of some of the legal tools available for addressing conflicts between infrastructure and nature conservation and protected areas in the Carpathian Mountains. These tools should help to prevent such conflicts from happening in the first place and, where they do occur, to help address them in the interest of long-term sustainable development in the Carpathians. Who it is for
This country report and accompanying handbook are ultimately intended for all stewards of high nature value areas, including Protected Area managers, NGOs, local communities and interested stakeholders. While these materials are intended expressly for audiences in the Carpathian Mountains, many of the sources described are relevant in other areas as well. How it is structured
This country report provides more country-specific information regarding some of the legal and administrative tools that are described in the accompanying handbook.
Both the country report and the handbook cannot provide more than an introduction to and by no means a definitive interpretation of individual legal and administrative instruments. For more specific information, readers will need to refer to references to further information – including the actual pieces of legislation – that are included.
This country report and accompanying handbook have been specifically designed as living documents, to be added to and changed in response to changes in legislation as well as input from users. In this light, we encourage you to provide us with your input and comments for incorporation in future versions.
1 Addressing Threats to Nature in the Carpathian Mountains: Handbook of legal and administrative instruments for addressing conflicts between infrastructure and nature conservation (WWF-DCP, 2007). Available at: http://www.panda.org/dcpo. For direct link see: http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/europe/what_we_do/danube_carpathian/our_work/forest_and_protected_areas/carpathian_ecoregion/addressing_threats/index.cfm.
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III.
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Nr.
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00
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oll.
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n e
nvir
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me
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nvir
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pa
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ents
).
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Nr.
114
/19
92
Co
ll.,
on th
e P
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re a
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me
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n t
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ased o
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ub
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su
gg
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o c
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ary
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-sp
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ert
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o p
art
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ga
in a
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enera
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are
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ite
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Pra
ctica
l ob
sta
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s to
im
ple
me
nta
tion
of
SE
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isla
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clu
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re t
oo g
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d d
o n
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vid
e s
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rmatio
n t
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e.g
. co
un
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s);
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EA
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IAs a
re n
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ex le
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bou
t th
e n
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polic
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co
nce
pt
is p
ublis
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on
ly o
n th
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tern
et.
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ssm
ents
: E
IAs
Act
Nr.
93/2
00
4 C
oll.
, o
n e
nvir
on
menta
l im
pa
ct
assessm
ent
and a
me
nd
ing s
om
e
rela
ted A
cts
(th
e A
ct
on e
nvir
on
menta
l im
pa
ct
assessm
ents
).6
Act
Nr.
114
/19
92
Co
ll.,
on th
e P
rote
ction
of
Natu
re a
nd t
he
L
and
sca
pe.
Tra
nsp
oses the
EU
Dire
ctive
on
En
vir
on
me
nta
l Im
pa
ct
As
se
ss
men
t (E
IA).
App
lies t
o i
nd
ivid
ua
l pro
jects
, not
pla
ns o
r pro
gra
mm
es.
EIA
s a
re u
sua
lly p
aid
for
by
pro
ject
de
velo
pers
, so E
IAs h
ave a
ten
den
cy t
o s
ay w
ha
t th
e d
eve
lop
er
wa
nts
to
he
ar.
Th
e C
ze
ch
M
inis
try o
f th
e E
nviron
men
t ord
ers
an ind
ep
ende
nt
expert
’s r
ep
ort
, w
hic
h e
ffe
ctively
elim
inate
s
this
te
nde
ncy.
Th
e l
aw
pe
rmits t
he p
roje
ct
pro
po
ne
nt
to w
ork
only
with
unre
alis
tic a
ltern
atives a
s r
efe
ren
ce
altern
atives.
Th
is e
nsure
s t
hat
the p
roje
ct
pro
pon
ent’s o
rig
ina
l altern
ative a
uto
matica
lly w
ins.
Th
e law
doe
s n
ot
requ
ire
auth
ori
tie
s t
o f
orc
e p
roje
ct
pro
pon
ents
to d
eve
lop o
r sug
ge
st
realis
tic
altern
atives.
Th
e C
ze
ch E
IA h
as o
ne s
ubsta
ntial sp
ecia
lty
whe
n c
om
pare
d t
o m
ost
oth
er
EU
co
untr
ies.
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e
EIA
is n
ot
a p
art
of
the
lic
ensin
g p
roced
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for
the p
roje
ct
con
ce
pt. T
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re
sult o
f th
e E
IA is a
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exp
ert
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sis
fo
r de
cis
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noth
er
au
tho
rity
. A
s th
e E
IA is
n
ot
a de
cis
ion
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not
be
re
vie
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ially
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solu
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lem
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sp
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pro
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fa
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with
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pro
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GO
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ther
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Na
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Nr.
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oll.
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n e
nvir
on
menta
l im
pa
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assessm
ent
and a
me
nd
ing s
om
e
rela
ted A
cts
(th
e A
ct
on E
nviron
me
nta
l Im
pa
ct
Assessm
ents
)
Act
Nr.
114
/19
92
Co
ll.,
on th
e P
rote
ction
of
Natu
re a
nd t
he
L
and
sca
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Tra
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of th
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nclu
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jects
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f N
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f th
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mp
act
on s
pe
cie
s o
r h
abita
ts t
ha
t a
re
the f
ocus o
f pro
tection.
Th
e
Czech
Re
pub
lic
pro
ba
bly
ha
s
one
of
the
b
etter
sys
tem
s
for
se
lecting
exp
ert
s
for
un
dert
akin
g inde
pe
nden
t a
nd p
rofe
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atu
ra 2
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pa
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Asse
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C
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sp
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lies t
o tra
ns-b
ord
er
pro
jects
T
he
tra
ns-b
ord
er
EIA
accord
ing t
o t
he E
sp
oo C
onvention f
ulfill
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asic
ally
the s
am
e r
ule
s a
s t
he
na
tion
al
Cze
ch
EIA
, w
ith
so
me
sp
ecia
ltie
s
(e.g
. d
ocu
me
nts
m
ust
be
tra
nsla
ted
into
th
e
pa
rtner’
s l
ang
uage o
r a
t le
ast
to E
ng
lish).
Eve
ry p
roje
ct
whic
h h
as a
co
mple
te E
IA a
nd w
hic
h
can h
ave n
eg
ative
im
pacts
in
anoth
er
sta
te t
hat
is a
part
y t
o t
he E
spo
o C
on
ve
ntion
mu
st
be
an
no
un
ced
to t
ha
t sta
te.
Th
e a
ffecte
d s
tate
can
ap
ply
fo
r a tra
ns-b
oun
dary
assessm
ent.
Info
rmation r
egard
ing
pro
jects
must
be p
ub
lishe
d i
n b
oth
sta
tes.
Th
e a
ffe
cte
d a
uth
ori
ty i
n t
he
ca
se
o
f tr
an
s-b
ord
er
pro
jects
is
a
lwa
ys
the
Czech
M
inis
try
of
En
vironm
en
t,
whic
h
must
coo
pe
rate
with
th
e C
ze
ch
Min
istr
y of
Fore
ign
Aff
air
s.
Pub
lic p
art
icip
atio
n i
n t
he
affe
cte
d s
tate
sho
uld
be
of
the
sa
me m
an
ner
an
d s
co
pe a
s in
th
e s
tate
of
orig
in.
Deta
ils o
f tr
ans-b
ou
ndary
EIA
s a
nd
SE
As a
re a
n o
bje
ct
of
bila
tera
l a
gre
em
en
ts.
At
pre
se
nt,
the
C
ze
ch R
ep
ublic
has s
ign
ed
bila
tera
l a
gre
em
en
ts o
nly
for
tran
s-b
ou
ndary
EIA
s.
Th
ere
is
on
ly lim
ite
d e
xpe
rien
ce
w
ith tr
an
s-b
ord
er
EIA
s an
d S
EA
s in
th
e C
ze
ch
R
epub
lic.
Requ
ire
me
nts
of
the E
sp
oo C
on
ve
ntio
n h
ave b
een r
epea
ted
ly c
ontr
aven
ed i
n t
he p
roce
ss o
f con
str
ucting
inte
rnatio
nal
moto
rwa
ys
to
Po
land
and
Ge
rman
y,
where
n
o
tra
ns-b
ord
er
asse
ssm
ents
ha
ve b
ee
n u
nd
ert
ake
n.
Acce
ss to
info
rmation
Aa
rhu
s C
on
ve
nti
on
Con
ventio
n o
n A
ccess
T
he
Aarh
us C
on
ve
ntio
n o
nly
con
cern
s e
nviron
me
nta
l is
sue
s.
Pub
lic p
art
icip
atio
n in th
e C
ze
ch R
epu
blic
is s
up
po
sed
to
be
of
two k
ind
s:
Fun
din
g s
ou
rce
s f
or
sup
port
ing
natu
re c
on
serv
atio
n a
nd r
ela
ted
de
ve
lop
me
nt th
e C
ze
ch
Rep
ub
lic
7
to I
nfo
rmatio
n, P
ub
lic
Part
icip
atio
n in
D
ecis
ion-m
akin
g
And
Access t
o J
ustice
in
En
viro
nm
en
tal
Ma
tters
1)
“Consultative p
art
icip
ation”
– e
very
pers
on c
an g
ive c
om
me
nts
or
su
gge
stion
s,
whic
h w
ill
be
seri
ou
sly
asse
sse
d a
nd
taken in
to a
ccou
nt. T
his
is r
ele
vant
for
EIA
/SE
A p
roce
sse
s a
nd
fo
r lo
ca
l/city p
lann
ing
. N
o a
pp
ea
ls c
an b
e lo
dged
in
the
pro
cess.
2)
“Fu
ll p
art
icip
atio
n”
–
asid
e
from
th
e
right
to
info
rma
tion
a
nd
po
ssib
ility
to
co
mm
en
t de
cis
ions,
this
su
ppo
se
s a
n o
ption t
o lo
dge
an a
ppe
al to
revie
w t
he f
ina
l de
cis
ion
not
only
w
ith s
tate
auth
ori
ties b
ut
with
the
court
. T
his
sort
of
part
icip
ation
is m
issin
g i
n t
he C
ze
ch
R
epu
blic
.
Weakn
esse
s in p
ub
lic p
art
icip
ation
in t
he C
ze
ch R
epu
blic
• G
en
era
lly,
the p
ub
lic h
as l
ega
l pro
tectio
n w
hen
an
y o
f its r
ights
are
bro
ken.
In c
ase
s o
f la
ndsca
pe a
nd
natu
re p
rote
ction,
NG
Os r
ep
rese
nt
the p
ub
lic.
Ind
ivid
ua
ls a
re n
ot
pe
rmitte
d
to p
art
icip
ate
in
ad
min
istr
ative p
rocedure
s i
n t
he
se c
ase
s.
Ho
wever,
on
ly i
nd
ivid
uals
ha
ve
th
e r
igh
t to
a g
ood
en
vir
onm
en
t and l
ivin
g c
on
ditio
ns.
NG
Os l
ack a
ph
ysic
al
bod
y, a
nd
th
ere
fore
(accord
ing t
o C
zech c
ourt
s)
the
y d
o n
ot
ne
ed g
oo
d l
ivin
g c
ond
itio
ns.
Th
is b
asic
pa
rad
ox g
reatly c
om
plic
ate
s e
ffort
s to a
ch
ieve
go
od e
nvir
onm
enta
l and liv
ing
con
ditio
ns.
• T
o b
eco
me
a p
art
icip
ant
in a
n a
dm
inis
trative p
roce
du
re,
an
NG
O m
ust
reg
iste
r in
writin
g
an
d
within
a
cert
ain
p
eriod
of
tim
e
aft
er
ann
ouncem
ent
of
the
pro
ced
ure
. T
he
an
no
un
ce
men
t ca
n b
e d
one
on a
n o
ffic
ial
bo
ard
(m
ore
fre
qu
en
t) o
r on
a w
eb
site.
Th
is
ap
pro
ach r
eq
uires p
ote
ntial
part
icip
ants
in a
dm
inis
trative p
roce
dure
s t
o a
ctively
sea
rch f
or
su
ch
an
noun
ce
men
ts.
C
zech c
onstitu
tion
, C
hart
er
of
Fu
nda
men
tal R
igh
ts
and F
reed
om
s –
art
icle
3
5, 4
1
Rig
ht to
fa
vora
ble
liv
ing
co
nditio
ns o
f e
very
man
Som
e
infr
astr
uctu
re
pro
jects
can
str
on
gly
in
flue
nce
th
e
qua
lity
of
livin
g
cond
itio
ns.
As
mention
ed a
bo
ve
, th
e r
igh
t to
fa
vora
ble
liv
ing c
on
ditio
ns i
s a
rig
ht
with
re
lative
co
nte
nt
an
d
un
der
Cze
ch la
w a
pplie
s o
nly
to
in
div
idua
ls, n
ot to
corp
ora
te b
odie
s,
inclu
din
g N
GO
s.
Acce
ss to
de
cis
ion
m
akin
g,
pu
blic
pa
rtic
ipation
A
spe
ct of
“a
ctive
rig
ht
of
action
” in
ad
min
istr
ative
pro
ce
dure
s in
Cze
ch
Rep
ublic
In
the
Czech
R
epub
lic,
no
actio
n
ba
sed
exclu
siv
ely
on
cla
im
of
co
ntr
ad
iction
of
an
ad
min
istr
ative p
roce
ss w
ith l
aw
and e
nviro
nm
enta
l d
am
ag
e c
on
ne
cte
d t
o i
t (“
obje
ctive r
ight”
) ha
s h
ope
of
su
cce
ss.
Su
ch a
n a
ction
wo
uld
be r
eje
cte
d a
s “
giv
en
by
a n
on-r
ightfu
l p
ers
on”.
T
his
ha
s h
isto
rica
l re
ason
s.
In t
he
pa
st, C
ze
ch
juri
sd
iction
of
adm
inis
trative
co
urt
s w
as f
ocuse
d
exclu
siv
ely
on
pro
tectio
n o
f su
bje
ctive
rig
hts
, i.e
. case
s w
here
th
e ind
ivid
ua
l or
corp
ora
te b
od
y pro
se
cu
ting a
case h
ad t
he
mse
lve
s b
een in
jure
d b
y th
e a
dm
inis
trative
actio
n o
r p
roced
ure
.
Th
us,
no
actio
ns c
an
be
file
d in t
he “
com
mon
inte
rest”
or
for
the “
pub
lic g
oo
d”,
e.g
. con
cern
ing
en
viro
nm
en
tal
pro
tectio
n.
Unla
wfu
l co
nd
uct
of
sta
te a
dm
inis
tra
tive a
uth
oritie
s i
s o
nly
a m
att
er
of
judic
ial re
vie
w if
there
is a
cle
ar
and
id
entifiab
le in
jury
to
an
in
div
idua
l or
corp
ora
te b
od
y.
Th
e
co
nce
pt
of
“active
right
of
actio
n”
is
inevita
bly
in
co
nflic
t w
ith
the
con
cern
s
of
en
viro
nm
en
tal N
GO
s.
Som
e k
ind o
f “s
pe
cia
l ri
gh
t of
action”
for
envir
on
me
nta
l N
GO
s h
as n
ever
be
en
a
nd is
still
lackin
g in
C
ze
ch le
gis
lation.
It is
esta
blis
he
d in
th
e A
arh
us C
on
ve
ntion
;
Fun
din
g s
ou
rce
s f
or
sup
port
ing
natu
re c
on
serv
atio
n a
nd r
ela
ted
de
ve
lop
me
nt th
e C
ze
ch
Rep
ub
lic
8
ho
wever
co
nsis
tent
imple
menta
tio
n is m
issin
g (
se
e a
bove
).
Pro
cedure
s
P
ractica
l p
roble
ms o
f acce
ss
to c
ourt
s in t
he C
ze
ch
R
ep
ublic
(re
gard
ing
environ
me
nta
l le
gis
latio
n)
When
adm
inis
tra
tive
decis
ion
s
regard
ing
co
ntr
ove
rsia
l in
fra
str
uctu
re
pro
jects
(o
r a
ny
con
str
uction)
are
ma
de,
rightfu
l pe
rso
n c
an
make a
n a
ppe
al. I
f th
is a
pp
ea
l is
reje
cte
d,
the
in
ve
sto
r can s
tart
con
str
uction
. F
ilin
g a
n a
ction i
n s
uch a
case
co
sts
ca.
€100.0
0 (
the
cost
vari
es),
a
nd
the
pro
cedu
re
ca
n
take
years
. T
he
resu
lt
of
the
revie
w
ha
s
no
pra
ctica
l sig
nific
an
ce
when
the p
roje
ct
has a
lre
ad
y b
een
co
mp
lete
d.
A r
esp
ite
of
fea
sib
ility
of
the c
ontr
overs
ial
de
cis
ion
ca
n b
e g
iven
in
spe
cia
l case
s.
In p
ractice
, th
is o
ption is n
ot
use
d b
y cou
rts (
vari
ou
s r
ea
so
ns).
An o
ptio
n o
f a
n a
ction i
n p
ub
lic i
nte
rest
is p
ractica
lly e
xclu
de
d i
n e
nvir
onm
enta
l cases (
as
mention
ed a
bo
ve).
At
pre
sen
t, r
ule
s s
pe
cifyi
ng
acce
ss t
o c
ourt
s o
n E
uro
pe
an c
ourt
s level d
o n
ot
exis
t. A
rtic
le N
o.
23
0
of
the
T
reaty
e
sta
blis
hin
g
the
E
uro
pe
an
Com
mun
ity
defin
es
the
rig
ht
of
Euro
pea
n
institu
tion
s t
o r
eq
ue
st
revie
ws o
f E
C a
cts
. R
ele
va
nt
institu
tio
n f
or
that
is t
he E
uro
pea
n C
ourt
of
Ju
stice
. D
irectio
ns o
f E
C a
re,
how
ever,
not
ad
dre
sse
d t
o i
ndiv
idu
als
. T
he
refo
re t
he E
uro
pea
n
Court
of
Ju
stice h
as s
o f
ar
reje
cte
d r
equ
ests
to r
evie
w t
he a
cts
as w
ell
as r
eje
cte
d inte
ntion
s o
f en
viro
nm
en
tal
institu
tion
s t
o a
tta
ck c
o-f
ina
ncin
g (
by E
uro
pean C
om
mis
sio
n)
of
infr
astr
uctu
re
pro
jects
whic
h a
re in
contr
ad
ictio
n w
ith
en
viro
nm
enta
l p
rote
ction.
T
rea
ty e
sta
blis
hin
g the
E
uro
pea
n C
om
mu
nity
Aa
rhu
s C
on
ve
nti
on
Con
ventio
n o
n A
ccess
to I
nfo
rmatio
n, P
ub
lic
Part
icip
atio
n in
D
ecis
ion-m
akin
g
And
Access t
o J
ustice
in
En
viro
nm
en
tal
Ma
tters
Acce
ss to E
uro
pe
an c
ou
rts
Th
e A
arh
us C
on
ven
tio
n o
nly
ap
plie
s t
o a
cce
ss t
o ju
stice in
en
viro
nm
enta
l m
att
ers
, not
to o
the
r are
as.
Th
e o
rig
ina
l sta
tuto
ry t
ext
of
the C
on
ve
ntio
n a
ddre
sse
s b
oth
sub
sta
ntive
and p
roced
ura
l la
w.
In C
ze
ch
pra
ctice
, h
ow
ever,
on
ly p
roce
dura
l la
w i
s t
aken i
nto
acco
unt. A
ccord
ing t
o t
he
A
arh
us C
on
ventio
n,
en
viro
nm
en
tal
NG
Os h
ave t
he r
ight
to f
ile a
n a
ctio
n in t
he
pub
lic i
nte
rest.
H
ow
ever,
th
is p
rin
cip
le is n
ot fu
lly im
ple
mente
d in C
ze
ch leg
isla
tio
n.
T
he C
onvention
fo
r th
e
Pro
tection o
f H
um
an
Rig
hts
and
F
unda
men
tal
Fre
edo
ms
Acce
ss to t
he E
uro
pe
an
Cou
rt o
f H
um
an
Rig
hts
(is
an
institu
tio
n o
f th
e E
uro
pea
n
Cou
ncil)
Th
e b
asic
co
ncep
t of
“active r
ight
of
action”
is s
imila
r to
Cze
ch
pro
ce
dura
l le
gis
lation
(p
hys
ica
l in
div
idual’s
rig
hts
m
ust
be
vio
late
d).
H
ow
ever,
the in
terp
reta
tio
n of
the C
ourt
in
pra
ctice is
m
uch m
ore
exte
nsiv
e.
The
Co
urt
doe
s n
ot
de
man
d e
vid
en
ce o
f th
e a
ctive r
igh
t of
actio
n i
n
cert
ain
ca
se
s;
it i
mplie
s t
he
pra
ctical p
ossib
ility
to
file
an a
ction i
n t
he p
ub
lic i
nte
rest
(in c
ase
s
con
cern
ing
th
e r
igh
t to
fa
vo
rab
le liv
ing
con
ditio
ns o
r oth
er
rig
hts
me
ntion
ed in th
e C
on
ve
ntio
n).
Co
mp
lain
ts,
infr
inge
men
ts
Bern
Con
ven
tio
n
T
he
Bern
Con
ven
tio
n i
s i
mp
lem
ente
d b
y C
ze
ch
le
gis
lative t
oo
ls i
nclu
din
g:
Act
Nr.
11
4/1
992
C
oll.
on t
he
Pro
tectio
n o
f N
atu
re a
nd t
he L
and
scap
e;
Act
Nr.
17/1
99
2 o
n t
he E
nviron
me
nt; A
ct
Nr.
16/1
99
7 o
n c
ond
itio
ns f
or
import
ing
and e
xpo
rtin
g e
nd
an
ge
red
spe
cie
s o
f w
ild f
auna
an
d
flora
an
d o
the
r m
easu
res fo
r pro
tection o
f th
ese s
pe
cie
s;
as w
ell
as o
the
r le
gis
latio
n.
An
y citiz
en o
r org
an
izatio
n w
ithin
th
e contr
actin
g coun
try
ca
n bri
ng to
th
e a
ttention o
f th
e
Fun
din
g s
ou
rce
s f
or
sup
port
ing
natu
re c
on
serv
atio
n a
nd r
ela
ted
de
ve
lop
me
nt th
e C
ze
ch
Rep
ub
lic
9
Se
cre
tari
at
of
the
Bern
C
on
ventio
n
an
y
vio
latio
n
of
the
pri
ncip
les
sta
ted
in
th
e
Be
rn
Con
ventio
n.
Ram
sa
r C
onventio
n
In
th
e C
ze
ch
Re
pu
blic
, m
an
y w
etlan
ds a
re p
rote
cte
d a
ccord
ing
to
na
tio
na
l le
gis
latio
n,
e.g
. in
A
ct
Nr.
114
/19
92 C
oll.
on t
he P
rote
ctio
n o
f N
atu
re a
nd t
he L
and
sca
pe (
me
ntione
d a
bo
ve
). T
he
fa
ct
that
so
me
of
the
mo
st
va
luab
le s
ites a
re l
iste
d o
n t
he
Ra
msar
list
do
es n
ot
cha
nge t
his
fa
ct.
Ca
se
s w
here
the
eco
logic
al
chara
cte
r of
wetla
nd sites h
ave
be
en d
ete
riora
ted
or
are
th
reate
ne
d c
an
be
bro
ug
ht
to t
he a
tten
tion o
f th
e S
ecre
taria
t of
the R
am
sar
Con
vention,
wh
ich
can
de
cid
e t
o p
ut
the w
etla
nd s
ite o
n t
he
so-c
alle
d “
Montr
eu
x R
eco
rd”
of
thre
ate
ned s
ite
s t
ha
t de
serv
e s
pe
cia
l in
tern
atio
nal a
tten
tio
n.
Com
pla
int
to E
uro
pean
C
om
mis
sio
n
T
he
EC
ca
n t
ake
– a
nd h
as t
ake
n –
Me
mb
er
Sta
tes t
o t
he E
uro
pea
n C
ourt
of
Ju
stice o
n t
he
ba
sis
of
com
pla
ints
, a
nd
can a
pp
ly p
ressure
on
go
vern
me
nts
to
take a
ction
in
the
inte
rim
. H
ow
ever,
th
e E
C d
ecid
es i
tse
lf w
hic
h c
om
pla
ints
to p
urs
ue
. In
pra
ctice,
the E
C i
s f
loo
de
d b
y
com
pla
ints
an
d ha
s lim
ite
d re
sourc
es a
va
ilab
le fo
r add
ressin
g t
hem
, a
nd it ta
kes ye
ars
to
pro
se
cu
te c
ases b
efo
re t
he
Euro
pe
an C
ou
rt o
f Ju
stice
. T
he a
pp
licant
is n
ot
info
rme
d h
ow
the
pro
ce
ss i
s p
rog
ressin
g.
How
eve
r, i
t is
acce
ssib
le,
che
ap a
nd
rela
tive
ly u
ser-
frie
ndly
wa
y to
re
ach
the
ju
stice.
Petitio
n t
o E
uro
pean
Parl
iam
ent
P
ossib
ly usefu
l fo
r a
ttra
ctin
g a
ttentio
n to
an is
su
e,
part
icu
larl
y if it in
volv
es is
sue
s of
EU
re
leva
nce
an
d
po
litic
al
inte
rest.
In
pra
ctice,
the
actu
al
too
ls
availa
ble
to
th
e
Euro
pean
P
arl
iam
en
t are
lim
ite
d.
EU
Om
bu
dsm
an
Every
Euro
pea
n c
itiz
en o
r corp
ora
te b
od
y c
an f
ile a
n a
ppea
l to
th
e E
U O
mb
ud
sm
an r
eg
ard
ing
mala
dm
inis
tra
tion
by E
U in
stitu
tion
s,
inclu
din
g e
.g.
the
Eu
ropea
n C
om
mis
sio
n o
r th
e
Eu
rop
ean
In
ve
stm
en
t B
ank.
For
furt
he
r in
form
atio
n,
ple
ase
refe
r to
E
U
Om
bu
dsm
an
in
acco
mp
an
yin
g
Carp
ath
ians
Hand
bo
ok
Rele
va
nt
lin
ks:
• http:/
/eia
.cen
ia.c
z/e
ia/
• http:/
/eia
.cen
ia.c
z/s
ea/k
once
pce
/pre
hle
d.p
hp
• http:/
/ww
w.irz
.cz
• http:/
/ww
w.o
tevre
te.c
z/
• http:/
/ob
ca
n.e
cn.c
z
• http:/
/ww
w.u
castv
ere
jno
sti.c
z
• http:/
/ww
w.e
nv.c
z
Funding sources for supporting nature conservation and related development in Hungary
10
IV. Further use and acknowledgements
Further use and translation of these materials:
Our aim with this publication is to spread practical information regarding legal and administrative instruments available for addressing conflicts between infrastructure projects and nature conservation in the Carpathians. Therefore we welcome and support any efforts to do so, including photocopying and printing as well as translation into other languages. We would appreciate it if in doing so you note the source and would be interested to know how this handbook is being used and distributed. Get in touch with us – we can probably provide you with assistance, e.g. use of digital files, graphic templates, photos, etc. Please send your email titled “Carpathian handbook” to: [email protected]. Acknowledgements:
This country report has been prepared by Vilem Rihacek of the Veronica Ecological Institute as part of an initiative organized by the WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme within the framework of the Carpathian Project (http://www.carpathianproject.eu). Veronica Ecological Institute
Panská 9 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic Email: [email protected]
http://www.veronica.cz Editor: Andreas Beckmann, WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme © WWF International Danube-Carpathian, 2007 WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme Mariahilfer Strasse 88a/3/9 1070 Vienna, Austria Email: [email protected]
http://www.panda.org/dcpo
This publication has been produced by the Carpathian Project under the INTERREG III B CADSES
Neighbourhood Programme and co-financed by the European Union as well as the MAVA Fondation pour la
Protection de la Nature as part of the WWF Protected Areas for a Living Planet Carpathian Ecoregion Project.
The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and can under no circumstances be
regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union, of the United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP), of the Carpathian Convention or of the partner institutions.
Protected Areas for a Living Planet — delivering on CBD commitments
