Addressing Toronto’s Long-Term Waste Issues – Shifting Mainstream Consumption Patterns towards a Circular Economy Transition

7/21/2019 Addressing Torontos Long-Term Waste Issues Shifting Mainstream Consumption Patterns towards a Circular Economy Transition

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Csagfk @agfikgm, OMas

8/=/0>;1


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;

]k`la ji Ejgtagts

Uaetfjg ;4 Fgtrjmuetfjg ......................................................................................................................... 0

Uhfitfgb tj k Efreulkr Aejgjoy .......................................................................................................... 0

Efreulkr Ojmas ji Ejgsuoptfjg ........................................................................................................ 5

Pasakreh Oathjmjljby ..................................................................................................................... =

Uaetfjg 04 Ifgmfgb ^kttargs]hraa Qsar Uaboagts ............................................................................ 2

Uaboagt Jga]ha Jeeksfjgkl Agthusfkst.................................................................................... 6

Uaboagt ]wj]ha Yklua Ejgsefjus Agthusfkst......................................................................... ;0

Uaboagt ]hraa]ha Efreulkr Lfiastylar & Kmvjekta.................................................................... ;1

Uaetfjg 54 Paejooagmktfjgs ijr Ketfjg fg ]jrjgtj ............................................................................ 0>

^krt F. Masfbgfgb ^lktijros ijr Uarvfea Aejsystaos ...................................................................... 0;

^krt FF. Gjroklfzfgb Efreulkr @ahkvfjurs ......................................................................................... 0=

^krt FFF. Uhfitfgb Fgmfvfmukl Ykluas kgm @alfais ................................................................................. 50

Ejgelumfgb ]hjubhts kgm rjpjsam Gaxt Utaps ................................................................................ 59

K`jut tha Kuthjr ............................................................................................................................. 58

Kppagmfx K - Iull Uejpa ji Pasakreh ................................................................................................. 56

Kppagmfx @ - Efreulkr @usfgass Jiiars kgm Ujlutfjgs ......................................................................... =9

Kppagmfx EUhfitfgb Ujefkl Gjros fg ]jrjgtj .................................................................................. =6


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0

Uaetfjg ;4 Fgtrjmuetfjg

]ha blj`kl rkta ji prjmuetfjg kgm ejgsuoptfjg ji oktarfkls kgm agarby kt tjmkys rkta fs k sfbgfifekgt iketjr fg

mrfvfgb elfokta ehkgba kgm rasjurea maplatfjg. Rfth tha ofmmla elkss prjdaetam tj mju`la jvar tha gaxt ;1 yakrs,

ojmarkta QG seagkrfjs subbast thkt fi eurragt ejgsuoptfjg tragms ejgtfgua, wawfll gaam tha aqufvklagt ji twj

Akrths tj suppjrt us (Blj`kl Ijjtprfgt Gatwjrc).

]ha Braktar ]jrjgtj Krak pjpulktfjg fs klsj axpaetam tj brjw irjo 9 ofllfjg tj 6 ofllfjg `y 0>59, kgm fi

]jrjgtjgfkgs ejgtfgua tj bagarkta wksta kt tha skoa rkta par waac ks wa mj gjw, fg 0>06 tha Efty prjdaets tj

rug jut ji ekpkefty tj makl wfth tha fgeraksfgb kojugt ji wksta.

]ha Efreulkr Aejgjoy prjpjsas k vfk`la wky ijrwkrm, wfth k prjdaetam jppjrtugfty ji $; trfllfjg fg yakrly skvfgbs

fg ramueam oktarfkl ejsts, kgm pravagtfgb ;>> ofllfjg tjggas ji wksta blj`klly (]ha Allag OkeKrthur

Ijugmktfjg). K Efreulkr Aejgjoy fs rastjrktfva `y masfbg kgm kfos tj masfbg jut wksta `y agsurfgb thkt

prjmuets, ejopjgagts kgm oktarfkls kra kt thafr hfbhast utflfty kgm vklua kt kll tfoas.

Ks tha Efty ji ]jrjgtj ljjcs ijr wkys tj ramuea wksta prjmueam kt tha sjurea kgm agejurkba wkys tj rausa

`aijra raeyelfgb jr mfspjsfgb, ft fs fopjrtkgt tj ejgsfmar hjw Efreulkr Aejgjoy strktabfas ekg halp tj tkecla

thfs ehkllagba.

]hfs rapjrt axkofgas sjoa ji tha strktabfas thkt tha Efty ekg ejgsfmar ks pkrt ji tha bjkl tj kmmrass

]jrjgtjs Ljgb-]aro Rksta Fssuas kt tha rasfmagtfkl laval.

Uhfitfgb tj k Efreulkr Aejgjoy

Ks tha Efty ao`krcs jg rathfgcfgb wksta okgkbaoagt kgm suppjrtfgb gaw wkys eftfzags keeass, usa bjjms,

kgm mfspjsa ji bjjms3 tha shfit tj k efreulkr aejgjoy wfll raqufra ektklyzfgb gaw `ahkvfjurs kgm gaw wkys ji

thfgcfgb k`jut ejgsuoptfjg kgm prjmuet uskba.


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5

Ejgsuoar kgm eftfzag àhkvfjur ehkgba hks àag eftam guoarjus tfoas ks jga ji tha ojst ehkllagbfgb kspaets

ji sustkfgk`flfty (@jgfgf, U., & Jppaghafo, D., 0>>83 kgm Krfaly, M., 0>;=). Fg hfs raeagt krtfela Tarj Rksta

Rjrlm, Okre Bugthar, amftjr kt lkrba ji Bukrmfkg Uustkfgk`la @usfgass kgm wrftar jg ùsfgass sustkfgk`flfty,

stktam thkt Hjw ejgsuoars iaal k`jut kll ji thfs SEfreulkr Aejgjoy_ fs ugelakr (Bugthar, 0>;=).

]ha quastfjg axpljram fg thfs rapjrt fs4 Hjw ofbht tha Efty ji ]jrjgtj masfbg kgm fgtabrkta gaw Efreulkr

Aejgjoy ejgsuoptfjg pkttargs3 kgm agbkba eftfzags fg kg aiijrt tj halp ramuea wksta kt tha sjurea kgm

agejurkba rausa àijra raeyelfgb jr mfspjsfgb:

]ha j`daetfva ji thfs rasakreh wks tj fmagtfiy4

;)

Assagtfkl ejgsuoar àhkvfjurs kgm ojtfvktfgb mrfvars fg ehjjsfgb efreulkr ojmas ji ejgsuoptfjg.

0) @krrfars thkt oky hfgmar efreulkr ojmas ji ejgsuoptfjg kmjptfjg fi gjt kmmrassam.

5) Utrktabfas kgm raejooagmktfjgs ijr tha Efty tj halp eultfvkta kgm keealarktfgb Efreulkr Aejgjoy.

Efreulkr Ojmas ji Ejgsuoptfjg

Gaw ojmals ji vklua axehkgba kra mapagmagt jg gaw ejgsuoar àhkvfjurs thkt fg sjoa eksas kra okrcamly

mfspkrkta irjo jur ljgb stkgmfgb pkttargs kgm eultura ji ejgsuoptfjg.

]ha ijlljwfgb ejgsuoptfjg àhkvfjurs hkva àag fmagtfifam ijr shfitfgb fgtj tha efreulkr aejgjoy;4

Uljwfgb mjwg ejgsuoptfjg fg tha ifrst plkea kgm fgstakm tkcfgb ekra ji ftaos `y rapkfrfgb kgm

okfgtkfgfgb thasa jg k rabulkr `ksfs tj axtagm tha usaiul prjmuet lfia.

Ehjjsfgb tj ragt kgm `jrrjw tj sktfsiy shjrt-taro gaams kgm laksfgb tj sktfsiy ljgbar-taro gaams fgstakm

ji prjmuet jwgarshfp.

Ehjjsfgb saejgm-hkgm jr usam jiiars3 kgm swkppfgb, mjgktfgb kgm axehkgbfgb usam bjjms.

^rjparly raeyelfgb kgm raturgfgb usam prjmuets kt tha agm-ji lfia stkba `kec tj tha okguiketurar kt k

prjpar ratkfl ljektfjg jr prjpar raeyelfgb ejgtkfgars.

Rhag ùyfgb gaw tj ehaec lkàls kgm ehjjsa prjmuets okma jut raeyelam oktarfkls.

; Ejgsuoar àhkvfjurs lfstam wara fmagtfifam kitar ejgmuetfgb ùsfgass ojmal kgklysfs kgm fgtarvfawfgb twagty savag fgmustry

axparts kscfgb4 Rhkt ejgsuoar àhkvfjurs kra gaeasskry tj trkgsftfjg fgtj Efreulkr Aejgjoy:


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Pasakreh Oathjmjljby

]ha pramjofgkgt oathjmjljby usam ijr thfs rasakreh prjdaet fs tha Masfbg ]hfgcfgb oathjm mavaljpam kt tha

Utkgijrm m.sehjjl. ]ha rasakreh prjdaet `abkg wfth fgtagt tj aopkthfza, maifga, kgm ifgklly fmakta.

]ha rasakreh ejopjgagts fgelumam lftarktura ravfaw, axpart fgtarvfaws, ejgsuoar jg-lfga kgm fg-parsjg survay,

ks wall ks twj wjrcshjps ejgmuetam wfth axpart pkrtfefpkgts.

Ifbura ; - Masfbg ]hfgcfgb Oathjmjljby, Utkgijrm m.sehjjl

Pasakreh Oathjmjljby ijr thfs rapjrt fgelumas4

Lftarktura Pavfaw

Axpart Fgtarvfaws

Ejgsuoar Uurvays (jg-lfga kgm fg-parsjg)

Rjrcshjps

Ejoplata rasakreh oathjmjljby kgm ifgmfgbs ekg `a ijugm fg Kppagmfx K.

Axpart Fgtarvfaws

Axpart fgtarvfaws wara ejgmuetam wfth 02 axparts fgelumfgb ljekl kgm blj`kl jrbkgfzktfjgs sueh ks FCAK, tha

Papkfr Ekia, tha ]jjl Lf`rkry, Pagt irjec Papakt3 rasakreh fgstftutfjgs sueh ks Eljsam Ljjp Iugm, DR], Ijruo

ijr tha Iutura, Vjrc Qgfvarsfty kgm kmvjekey brjups sueh ks ]jrjgtj Agvfrjgoagtkl Kllfkgea, Paeyelfgb Ejugefl

ji Jgtkrfj kgm okgy jthars.


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Ifbura 0 - Jrbkgfzktfjgs fgtarvfawam ks pkrt ji thfs rasakreh

Ejgsuoar Uurvay

K ejgsuoar survay wks thag mavaljpam kgm ejgmuetam fg-parsjg kerjss twj ]jrjgtj gafbh`jurhjjms, ks wall

ks jg-lfga tj fmagtfiy ojtfvktfgb mrfvars ijr ehjjsfgb efreulkr ojmas ji ejgsuoptfjg, kgm pjtagtfkl pareafvam jr

rakl fgstftutfjgkl, sjefkl gjro kgm vkluas-`ksam `krrfars thkt oky hkopar efreulkr ejgsuoptfjg kmjptfjg.

1 efreulkr àhkvfjurs wara tastam4

@uyfgb Qsam (fgstakm ji ùyfgb k gaw prjmuet)

Pagtfgb kgm @jrrjwfgb (fgstakm ji ùyfgb k gaw prjmuet)

Papkfrfgb (fgstakm ji ùyfgb k gaw prjmuet)

Ehaecfgb lkàls kgm ùyfgb ftaos okma jut ji raeyelam oktarfkls

Uwkppfgb (fgstakm ji ùyfgb k gaw prjmuet)

Kmmftfjgklly, 6 ojtfvktfgb mrfvars jg k sekla irjo ;-1 wara tastam (f.a. skvfgb ojgay, ramuefgb wksta, tryfgb

sjoathfgb gaw, ate.)

^laksa gjta4 prjparly raeyelfgb kgm raturgfgb usam prjmuets kt tha agm-ji lfia stkba wks gjt fgelumam fg thfs

sejpa ji rasakreh.


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Rjrcshjps

]wj (0) wjrcshjps wara ejgmuetam kt tha agm ji tha rasakreh prjdaet axpljrfgb strktabfas ijr Ejllk`jrktfva

Ejgsuoptfjg kt tha ejoougfty laval. ]hasa wara ejgmuetam tjbathar wfth Lkwragea Klvkraz, ej-ijugmar ji tha

]jrjgtj ]jjl Lf`rkry. ]ha wjrcshjps axpljram twj mfseussfjg tjpfes4 agk`lfgb keeassf`flfty kgm gjroklfzfgb

ejllk`jrktfva ejgsuoptfjg kgm tjjc plkea kt sLk`, JEKM Qgfvarsfty, kgm kt tha Qr`kg Aejljbfas Ejgiaragea.

]ha rasults irjo tha wjrcshjps kra usam ks pkrt ji tha raejooagmam ketfjg plkg fg Uaetfjg 5.

^laksa gjta4 thfs rasakreh (gjt fgelumfgb mktk bktharam irjo tha wjrcshjps) wks su`ofttam tj JEKM Qgfvarsfty

fg pkrtfkl iuliflloagt ji tha raqufraoagts ijr tha mabraa ji Okstar ji Masfbg (OMas) fg Utrktabfe Ijrasfbht &

Fggjvktfjg, Oky 0>;1.


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Uaetfjg 04 Ifgmfgb ^kttargs ]hraa Qsar Uaboagts

Ejgsuoar Uurvay Mapljyoagt

]hfs saetfjg suookrfzas mktk ejllaetam ks pkrt ji ejgsuoar/eftfzag survays.

]ha survay wks mapljyam fg ]jrjgtj wfth tha halp ji ijur jrbkgfzktfjgs4 ]ha ]jrjgtj ]jjl Lf`rkry3 ]jrjgtj

Papkfr Eki3 Ikshfjg ]kcas Ketfjg3 kgm Ejllk`jrktfva Ejgsuoptfjg ]jrjgtj, kgm wks kvkflk`la jg-lfga kgm

ejgmuetam fg-parsjg kt pra-salaetam ljektfjgs.

@ahkvfjurs ]astam

Ifva efreulkr ejgsuoptfjg àhkvfjurs wara tastam. ]hasa àhkvfjurs wara salaetam àekusa thay kra jptfjgs

thkt kra eurragtly kvkflk`la fg ur`kg kraks kerjss ]jrjgtj kgm wara fmagtfifam ks àhkvfjurs raqufram ijr efreulkr

aejgjoy trkgsftfjg.

Papkfrfgb ftaos fgstakm ji ùyfgb gaw

Laksfgb, ragtfgb kgm `jrrjwfgb fgstakm ji ùyfgb gaw

Ehjjsfgb tj ùy saejgm-hkgm jr usam fgstakm ji ùyfgb gaw

Ehjjsfgb tj swkp jr agbkba fg prjmuet axehkgba fgstakm ji ùyfgb gaw

Rhag ùyfgb prjmuets, ehjjsfgb tj ehaec lkàls kgm ehjjsfgb thjsa okma jut raeyelam oktarfkls.

Ojtfvktfgb @ahkvfjur Mrfvars

]ha gfga ojtfvktfgb0mrfvars wara ehjsag `ksam jg axpart fgtarvfaw ifgmfgbs kgm fgspfram `y Utargs kttftuma-

àhkvfjur-ejgtaxt ojmal, tastfgb tha ijlljwfgb vkrfk`las4

Ukvfgb ojgay

@afgb pkrt ji k ejoougfty

Ejgvagfagea (ljektfjg prjxfofty)

Pamuefgb wksta kgm ijr agvfrjgoagtkl raspjgsf`flfty

0Ijr akeh ji tha ifva àhkvfjurs tastam, pkrtfefpkgts wara kscam4 Jg k sekla irjo ;-1 (whara ; fs LAKU] kgm fs 1 fs OJU]) plaksa

rkta whkt ojtfvktam yju tj tkca pkrt fg


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Pamuefgb hksslas ji purehksfgb gaw prjmuets

]ryfgb sjoathfgb gaw

@ahkvfjur wks raejooagmam `y irfagms/ikofly/ejllakbuas

Ifts wfth raspjgmagts parsjgkl àlfais kgm vkluas

Ftao hks sagtfoagtkl vklua (tastam ijr rapkfrfgb jgly)

Ks pkrt ji mktk kgklysfs, survay raspjgmagts wara su`-mfvfmam `y tha sali-rapjrtam iraquagey ji pkrtfefpktfjg fg

tha ifva àhkvfjurs, kgm tha cfgms ji ketfvftfas thay sali-rapjrtam tj hkva parijroam ijr akeh ji tha àhkvfjurs.

K quklftktfva kgklysfs ji tha raspjgsas wks usam tj su`mfvfma tha brjups.

]ha purpjsa ji thfs kgklysfs wks GJ] tj try kgm okteh tha raspjgmagts kbkfgst tha rast ji tha

pjpulktfjg, ùt tj bkfg k maapar ugmarstkgmfgb ji whkt mrfvas usars tj pkrtfefpkta fg efreulkr pkttargs ji

ejgsuoptfjg, kgm fmagtfiy `krrfars (whathar pareafvam jr rakl) fg pravagtfgb thao tj try gaw àhkvfjurs,

fi thay kra gjt klrakmy mjfgb sj. (Uaa Kppagmfx K ijr oathjmjljby maserfptfjg).

]hraa mfstfget usar prjiflas aoarbam ks pkrt ji tha kgklysfs, prjvfmfgb maapar fgsfbhts k`jut tha cfgms ji pajpla

thkt kra ehjjsfgb tj agbkba fg efreulkr ejgsuoptfjg pkttargs4 ravaklfgb ugfqua ojtfvktfjgs kgm vkluas, raksjgs

ijr thafr ehjfeas, kgm fg sjoa eksas prjvfmfgb k blfopsa fgtj thafr lfiastylas kgm parsjgkl vkluas. Kll tha

raspjgsas kra kgjgyojus kgm raspjgsas kra `lagmam tj agsura prfvkey ji tha survay raspjgmagts.


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6

Uaboagt Jga]ha Jeeksfjgkl Agthusfkst

Guoàr ji raspjgmagts fg saboagt4 G?;1 (6 irjo fg-parsjg survays ~9>%)

Kba Pkgba4 ;8-2= yakrs jlm3 oamfkg kba rkgba fs 51-==.

Ifbura 5 - Uaboagt Jga Kba Pkgba

Maserfptfjg4]ha Jeeksfjgkl Agthusfkst axhf`fts tha lfbhtast iraquagey ji ketfvftfas fg tha ifva àhkvfjur kraks

tastam. Okfgly mrfvag `y ejst skvfgbs kgm ramuefgb tha hkssla ji purehksfgb gaw prjmuets, thfs brjup fs gjt

sfbgfifekgtly (fi gjt kt kll) mrfvag `y wksta ramuetfjg kgm agvfrjgoagtkl raspjgsf`flfty. Rhag thay mj pkrtfefpkta fg

efreulkr ejgsuoptfjg àhkvfjurs, ft jgly axtagms tj jga jr twj ketfvftfas jr iaw salaet prjmuet ektabjrfas (f.a.

whag ùyfgb usam, thay wfll mj sj jgly wfth eljthfgb jr iurgftura). ]hay hkva axprassam k sagsa ji prfma fg tkcfgb

ekra ji thafr thfgbs kgm rapkfrfgb, kgm klsj kg fgtarast fg lakrgfgb hjw tj ifx thfgbs thaosalvas.

]k`la ; jg tha gaxt pkba shjws oamfkg vkluas ijr ojtfvktfgb mrfvars ijr akeh ji tha àhkvfjurs tastam5.

5Ijr akeh ji tha ifva àhkvfjurs tastam, pkrtfefpkgts wara kscam4 Jg k sekla irjo ;-1 (whara ; fs LAKU] kgm fs 1 fs OJU]) plaksarkta whkt ojtfvktam yju tj tkca pkrt fg %

;5%

;8-0= yakrs jlm (; pp)

01-5= yakrs jlm (= ppl)

51-== yakrs jlm (1 ppl)

=1-1= yakrs jlm (5 ppl)91-2= yakrs jlm (0 ppl)


11/53

;>

]k`la ;Uaboagt Jga - Oamfkg Ykluas ijr Ojtfvktfgb Mrfvars

Papkfrfgb

]ha cfgms ji ftaos thkt pkrtfefpkgts fg thfs saboagt hkva fgmfektam rapkfrfgb fgeluma kpplfkgeas, ekrs,

alaetrjgfes, eljthas, lkops, shjas, kgm iurgftura. ]hay wfll try tj ifx ftaos thaosalvas, jr wfll ejoa tj tha Papkfr

Eki tj bat halp. ]hfs brjup rapkfrs tj skva ojgay, kgm fs ojtfvktam tj ramuea tha hksslas ji purehksfgb gaw

prjmuets. Pamuefgb wksta fs lass ji k ojtfvktjr ijr thfs brjup ks ejopkram tj tha jthar 0 brjup saboagts (`y ;

pjfgt).

@uyfgb Qsam

Rhag ft ejoas tj ùyfgb usam, thfs brjup saboagt wfll sjoatfoas ùy eljthfgb, `jjcs, iurgftura, alaetrjgfes, kgm

spjrts aqufpoagt. ]hay wfll bj jg-lfga tj purehksa spaefklty ftaos, jr vfsft k ljekl ehkrfty stjra lfca Bjjmwfll jr k

ljekl thrfit shjp.

Ujoa ji tha raksjgs ijr gjt ùyfgb usam ojra iraquagtly fgeluma thkt saejgm-hkgm prjmuets kra gjt hybfagfe,

thara fs gj prjmuet bukrkgtaa, kgm fts gjt vary ejgvagfagt tj ùy usam.

Pamuefgb wksta kgm agvfrjgoagtkl raksjgs kra gjt sfbgfifekgt mrfvars ijr ùyfgb usam ijr thfs saboagt rktam

ks 5 jut ji 1.

Ukva

ojgay

@a pkrt ji

k

ejoougfty

Ejgvagfag

ea (ljektfjg

prjxfofty)

Pamuea

w ksta kgm

agvfrjgoag

tkl

raspjgsf`flf

ty

Pamuea

hksslas ji

purehksfgb

gaw

prjmuet

]ry

sjoathfgb

gaw

Paejooag

mam y

sjefkl

efrela

Ifts w fth

oy

parsjgkl

àlfais kgm

vkluas

Ftao hks

sagtfoagtkl

vklua

Papkfr 1.> 0.> 5.> =.> =.> ;.> ;.> =.> =.>

@uy Qsam 1.> 0.> 5.> 5.> =.> 0.> 5.> =.>

Pagt kgm

@jrrjw1.> 5.> =.> 0.1 =.> =.> 5.> =.>

Uw kp 1.> 5.1 =.> 1.> =.> 5.> 0.1 1.>

@uy Okma

irjo Paeyelam;.> =.1 0.> 1.> 0.1 ;.> 0.> 1.>


12/53

;;

Pagtfgb kgm @jrrjwfgb=

]ha cfgms ji ftaos ragtam jr `jrrjwam `y thfs brjup saboagt fgeluma jeeksfjgkl ekr ragtkls, jr tkcfgb pkrt fg k

ekr pjjl (gjt ekr shkrfgb), kgm `jrrjwfgb tjjls kgm `jjcs irjo tha lf`rkry. ]hjsa raspjgmagts, whj hkva

agbkbam fg ragtfgb kgm `jrrjwfgb ketfvftfas, kra mrfvag `y ojgay skvfgbs, tryfgb sjoathfgb gaw kgm ramuefgb

hksslas ji purehksfgb gaw prjmuets. Ejgvagfagea fs klsj kg fopjrtkgt iketjr, ks thjsa whj mjgt pkrtfefpkta

eftam fgejgvagfagea ks k okdjr `krrfar. Pamuefgb wksta kgm agvfrjgoagtkl raspjgsf`flfty fs gjt k ojtfvktjr kt kll

ijr thfs brjup (rktam 0.1) whag ft ejoas tj ragtfgb kgm `jrrjwfgb ketfvftfas.

Ujoa ji tha raksjgs eftam ks `krrfars kra fgejgvagfagea, kgm k praiaragea ijr gaw ftaos4 afthar gjt hybfagfejr

pareaptfjg thkt ragtfgb kgm laksfgb fs kcfg tj thrjwfgb kwky ojgay.

Uwkppfgb

Paspjgmagts fgmfektam thkt thay sjoatfoas hkva fgiraquagt swkps wfth irfagms, jr djfg k ijrokl swkp (f.a. Bfit

Uwkp kt tha ]jjl Lf`rkry) jr sfoply mjgkta ftaos.

]hjsa whj mjgt pkrtfefpkta fg swkps kgm prjmuet axehkgbas eftam thkt thafr raksjgfgb ijr gjt mjfgb sj fs lkec ji

ejgvagfagea, lkzfgass, lkec ji keeass tj afthar ijrokl swkps jr thjsa wfth irfagms, kgm lkec ji kwkragass k`jut

swkps.

@uyfgb Ftaos Okma Jut ji Paeyelam Oktarfkls

@uyfgb ftaos okma jut ji raeyelam oktarfkls saaos tj à tha lakst prfjrfty ijr thfs saboagt. Ujoa ji tha ftaos

purehksam fgeluma pkpar, jiifea supplfas, elakgfgb supplfas, kgm `kbs. Paksjgs bfvag ijr gjt ehjjsfgb thfs

jptfjg fgeluma lkec ji cgjwlamba, gjt k prfjrfty, lkec ji praiaragea, kgm gjt cgjwfgb hjw tj avag rakm tha lkàls.

K iaw raspjgmagts klsj eftam ljjcfgb ijr jthar prjmuet vkluas sueh ks fopjrtkgea ji ikfr trkma kgm jvarkll

prjmuet quklfty ks fopjrtkgt ejgsfmarktfjgs fg purehksfgb maefsfjgs.

]hfs brjup rktam àfgb pkrt ji tha ejoougfty ks kg fopjrtkgt raksjg, rktfgb ft ks =.1 (;.1 pjfgts hfbhar thkg tha

iull skopla). ]hfs ejulm à k pkrt ji sjefkl gjro fgiluagea, kgm wjulm à kg krak ijr iurthar rasakreh kgm

axpljrktfjg.

=Rhag maserf`fgb tha spaefifes ji tha cfgms ji ketfvftfas parijroam, gjga ji tha survay raspjgmagts fgmfektam kgy pkrtfefpktfgb fglaksfgb ketfvftfas, jgly ragtfgb kgm jrrjwfgb.


13/53

;0

Uaboagt ]wj]ha Yklua Ejgsefjus Agthusfkst

Guoàr ji raspjgmagts fg saboagt4 08 (5 irjo fg-parsjg survays ~;>%)

Kba Pkgba4 ;8-2= yakrs jlm3 oamfkg kba rkgba fs 51-==.

Maserfptfjg4 ]ha Yklua Ejgsefjus Agthusfkst fs k prketfekl kgm vklua ejgsefjus brjup. ]hay iraquagtly ùy

saejgm hkgm kgm ifgm bjjm vklua prjmuets ijr bjjm prfea. ]hay wfll klsj `jrrjw ftaos irjo irfagms, kgm oky à

pkrt ji tha tjjl lf`rkry kgm jga jr avag twj ekr-shkrfgb sarvfeas. ]hay kra ejgsefjus ji agvfrjgoagtkl fopket fg

thafr maefsfjg okcfgb, ùt fi kg ketfvfty fs fgejgvagfagt kgm axpagsfva, thay wjgt gaeasskrfly pky ojra jr bj jut

ji thafr wky.

Akeh pkrtfefpkgt fgmfektam thkt thay rapkfr afthar jg k rabulkr jr saof-rabulkr `ksfs, okgy ji thao purehksa usam

prjmuets jg kg jg-bjfgb `ksfs3 k`jut hkli fgmfektam thkt thay ragt kgm `jrrjw jg k rabulkr `ksfs, kgm hkli hkva

ragtam jr `jrrjwam kt lakst savarkl tfoas, kgm okgy hkva pkrtfefpktam fg swkps kt lakst savarkl tfoas.

Agvfrjgoagtkl fopket fs gjt kg kitarthjubht. Ft fs fopjrtkgt ijr thfs brjup, ùt jthar ejgmftfjgs sueh ks ifgkgefkl

ejgsfmarktfjgs, ejgvagfagea, kgm prjmuet quklfty hkva tj à oat ifrst. ]hay kppraefkta vklua fg kll sagsas kgm

kra prketfekl fg thafr maefsfjg okcfgb. Rhag thay shkra thafr lfiastyla ehjfeas, thay mj ft fg k prketfekl wky jgly

whag ft okcas sagsa, kgm hfbhlfbht ifgkgefkl kgm jthar àgaifts bkfgam ijr pkrtfefpktfgb fg thasa ketfvftfas. ]hay

wfll pjst avagts, ùt wfll gjt tklc k`jut tha agvfrjgoagtkl raksjgfgb jr fopjrtkgea ji ramuefgb wksta. Fts ojra

k`jut tha vklua thkt ejoas wfth thasa gaw ketfvftfas.

]k`la 0 shjws oamfkg vkluas ijr ojtfvktfgb mrfvars ijr akeh ji tha àhkvfjurs tastam.

2%

50%

50%

;=%

;;%

=%

;8-0= yakrs jlm (0 ppl)

01-5= yakrs jlm (6 ppl)


=1-1= yakrs jlm (= ppl)

11-9= yakrs jlm (5 pp)

91-2= yakrs jlm (; pp)

Ifbura = - Uaboagt ]wj Kba Pkgba


14/53

;5

]k`la 0 - Uaboagt ]wj - Oamfkg Ykluas ijr Ojtfvktfgb Mrfvars

Papkfrfgb

]hfs brjup rapkfrs thafr ftaos jg k rabulkr kgm saof-rabulkr `ksfs. ]hay rapkfr eljthas, shjas, alaetrjgfes,

phjgas, hjoa kpplfkgeas. ]hay wfll sjoatfoas rapkfr thaosalvas3 rapkfr kt k ljekl mry elakgars3 ifgm sjoajga

tj halp thao jr kttagm tha Papkfr Eki. K iaw hkva oagtfjgam sjoa ji tha spaefife ftaos thkt thay hkva ifxam `y

ljjcfgb up hjw tj rapkfr jg-lfga F try tj saw up kgy rfps fg oy eljthas kgm try tj mj oy ejoputar okfgtagkgea

oysali. Ojst jthar thfgbs F try tj ljjc up hjw tj rapkfr ft jg tha fgtargat. Ujoa ji tha irustrktfjgs thkt hkva àag

vjfeam `y thfs brjup ijr gjt rapkfrfgb ojra iraquagtly kra tha hfbh ejst ji rapkfr kgm mfiifeultfas 4 F wjulm ljva tj

hkva alaetrjgfes rapkfram, ùt okguiketurars hkva okma thkt mfiifeult tj fopjssf`la.

@uyfgb Qsam

]hfs brjup ùys usam ftaos jg k iraquagt jr saof-iraquagt `ksfs. ]hay wfll ùy eljthas, cftehag kpplfkgeas,

`jjcs, iurgftura, hj``y aqufpoagt, kgm alaetrjgfes. ]hay bj tj vfgtkba shjps tj ljjc ijr makls, usa Cfdfdf tj ifgm

bjjm quklfty ftaos, kgm bj tj thrfit shjps kgm ehkrftfas. ]hay ljjc ijr bjjm vklua kgm bjjm quklfty kgm àttar

quklfty ijr lass ojgay.

K ejgearg ijr tha brjup fs thkt thay ekgt klwkys ifgm whkt thay wkgt. F try tj ùyusam ijr oysali, ùt F ekg't

klwkys ifgm whkt F wkgt. Ijr fgstkgea, F `jubht k `rkgm gaw dkecat ks F ejulmg't ifgm k saejgm-hkgm dkecat wkro

agjubh.

Ukva

ojgay

@a pkrt ji

k

ejoougfty

Ejgvagfag

ea (ljektfjg

prjxfofty)

Pamuea

w ksta kgm

agvfrjgoag

tkl

raspjgsf`flf

Pamuea

hksslas ji

purehksfgb

gaw

prjmuet

]ry

sjoathfgb

gaw

Paejooag

mam `y

irfagms/iko

fly/ejllakbu

as

Ifts w fth

oy

parsjgkl

àlfais kgm

vkluas

Ftao hks

sagtfoagtkl

vklua

Papkfr 1.> 0.> 5.> 1.> 5.> ;.> 0.> 1.> =.>

@uy Qsam 1.> 0.> 5.1 1.> 5.> 0.> 0.> 1.>

Pagt kgm

@jrrjw 1.> 5.> =.> 1.> 5.1 0.> 5.> 1.>

Uw kp =.> =.> 5.> 1.> 5.> 5.> 0.> 1.>

@uy Okma

irjo Paeyelam0.> 5.> 0.> 1.> 0.> 0.> 0.> 1.>


15/53

;=

Pagtfgb kgm @jrrjwfgb

]hfs brjup ragts kgm `jrrjws jg k saof-iraquagt `ksfs (g?;=) jr hkva trfam tj ragt jr `jrrjw k iaw tfoas (g?;0).

]hay àljgb tj jga jr avag twj ekr shkrfgb sarvfeas, kgm `jrrjw tjjls, eljthas, kgm sjoatfoas cftehag jr jthar

ftaos (tj à jgly usam jgea jr twfea) irjo irfagms (`jrrjwfgb irjo irfagms wks oagtfjgam fg klojst ifity pareagt

ji tha raspjgsas fg thfs brjup). Ujoa ji tha `krrfars ijr gjt ragtfgb kgm `jrrjwfgb ojra iraquagtly wara lkec ji

ljektfjgs kgm jptfjgs3 axfstfgb jptfjgs àfgb tjj ejstly kgm gjt oaatfgb axfstfgb gaams3 hkrm tj ifgm ejoougfty

jutlats tj ikeflftkta `jrrjwfgb4 Fva àag kscfgb oy gafbh`jurs tj `jrrjw k sawfgb okehfga, fts oueh aksfar fg

Oaxfej. Ukvfgb ojgay fs dust slfbhtly lass fopjrtkgt k mrfvar thkg ramuefgb wksta ijr thfs brjup - parhkps

àekusa okgy ji tha raspjgmagts kra `jrrjwfgb irjo irfagms, kgm sj ojgay skvfgbs fs gjt ks `fb k

ejgsfmarktfjg.

Uwkppfgb

Ojst ji tha brjup saboagt hks agbkbam fg swkppfgb k iaw tfoas, kgm sjoa kra swkppfgb jg k ojgthly `ksfs.

Ujoatfoas ijroklly kgm sjoatfoas fgijroklly wfth irfagms4 5 ji us bat tjbathar kgm swkp kgm `jjc swkps

wfth irfagms. Ujoa ji tha ftaos swkppam fgeluma `jjcs, eljthfgb, tjjls, cfms tjys, MYMs, ejjcwkra, ijjm, twj

raspjgmagts oagtfjgam swkppfgb thafr sarvfeas ijr jthar sarvfeas4 labkl sarvfeas ijr spjgsjrshfp axpjsura.

@uyfgb Ftaos Okma Jut Ji Paeyelam Oktarfkls

]hfs saboagt purehksas prjmuets okma jut ji raeyelam oktarfkls ojra iraquagtly thkg saboagt jga, whara hkli

ji tha Brjup raspjgmam ks oueh ks F ekg kgm klojst hkli raspjgmam wfth k iaw tfoas. Paspjgmagts whj

prjvfmam kgswars tj tha quastfjg ji whkt cfgms ji ftaos thay purehksa okma jut ji raeyelam oktarfkls hkva

fgelumam 0-= mfiiaragt cfgms ji ftaos4 pkpar, plkstfes, kgm eljthfgb3 jr oy haloat, sjoa eljthfgb, sjoa

hjusahjlm supplfas3 cftehag ejugtartjp, tjflat pkpar, dawalry, kgm iljjrfgb Ujoa ji tha hasftktfjgs kgm `krrfars

irjo thfs brjup saboagt fgelumam4 fts vary axpagsfva3 àfgb lass mrfvag `y tha fgelusfjg ji raeyelam oktarfkl

thkg `y tha quklfty ji tha bjjms kgm hjw ljgb thay wfll lkst kgm thafr agm ji lfia fopket jg tha agvfrjgoagt3 F

mjg't ùy spaefifeklly tj ljjc ijr raeyelam ftaos, thjubh F wfll pky kttagtfjg tj thfs gjw. Fts ojra fopjrtkgt ijr oa

tj cgjw thkt eljthfgb fs okma ji gkturkl if`ras.


16/53

;1

]ha raspjgmagts saboagtam fg thfs Brjup kra okcfgb fgijroam ehjfeas kgm ejgsfmarfgb thafr fopket. ]hay ljjc

ijr quklfty, ks wall ks jthar kttrfùtas whag purehksfgb prjmuets, kgm skvfgb ojgay fs kg fopjrtkgt ejopjgagt

tj thao.

Uaboagt ]hraa]ha Efreulkr Lfiastylar & Kmvjekta

Guoàr ji raspjgmagts fg saboagt4 0> (1 irjo fg-parsjg survays01%)

Kba Pkgba4 01-9= yakrs jlm3 oamfkg kba rkgba fs 01-5= (Gjta4 thara fs k slfbhtly yjugbar oamfkg scaw fg thfs

brjup saboagt).

Maserfptfjg4^krtfefpktfgb fg efreulkr ejgsuoptfjg àhkvfjurs ijr tha Efreulkr Lfiastylar & Kmvjekta saboagt fs

maaply ejggaetam tj thafr vkluas kgm paroakta okdjrfty ji maefsfjg okcfgb, ekraar ehjfeas, kgm vjlugtaar

ketfvftfas. ]hfs brjup saboagt wfll bj k`jva kgm àyjgm tj ramuea wksta kgm lfva sustkfgk`la lfiastylas. ]hay

lfva ft kgm `raktha ft.

Ijr tha ifva àhkvfjurs oaksuram, ramuefgb wksta kgm agvfrjgoagtkl raspjgsf`flfty wks eftam ks tha prfokry

ojtfvktjr ijr pkrtfefpktfgb, fg avary fgstkgea, ojra sj thkg skvfgb ojgay. ]hay kra gjt dust pkssfva pkrtfefpkgts3

thfs brjup fs plkyfgb kg ketfva rjla fg agk`lfgb wksta ramuetfjg kgm gjroklfzfgb efreulkr aejgjoy. ]hay raklfza

thkt ]hara fs k hakvy ùrmag jg tha akrth tj ejgstkgtly prjmuea kgm mfbast tha wksta ji tha 'stuii' wa thfgc wa

'gaam.' kgm thkt@uyfgb gaw thfgbs kll tha tfoa fs gjt sustkfgk`la kgm avaryjga ekg mj k lfttla.

9>%0>%

;1%

1%

01-5= yakrs jlm (;0 ppl)

51-== yakrs jlm (= ppl)

=1-1= yakrs jlm (5 ppl)


Ifbura 1 - Uaboagt ]hraa Kba Pkgba


17/53

;9

]hay wfll stjp purehksfgb eartkfg `rkgms àekusa thasa `rkgms kra gjt klljwfgb thao tj rapkfr kgm axtagm tha

lfiatfoa ji prjmuets4F mjg't lfca thrjwfgb thfgbs jut. F gj ljgbar ùy Oke@jjc àekusa F ekg't tkca ft kpk rt kgm

raplkea pkrts. ]hay agbkba fg MFV prjdaets kt hjoa4 ifxfgb shalvas fgstakm ji ùyfgb gaw jgas, okcfgb

ekgmlas fgstakm ji axpagsfva tjxfe pkrkiifg ekgmlas ]hay lakrg hjw tj rapkfr dust sj thay ekg axtagm tha

lfiaeyela ji prjmuets4 F lakrgam sawfgb, ekrpagtry, kgm alaetrjgfes sj thkt F ejulm ifx ojra ji oy `rjcag

pjssassfjgs.

]hay ugmarstkgm thkt]ha wjrlm mjasg't gaam ojra 'stuii.' Ra gaam tj ramfstrfùta kgm shkra whkt wa hkva fg

aiifefagt wkys Ujoa ji thao wfllvfrtuklly gavar ùy kgythfgb gawaxeapt ijr sjecs kgm ugmarwakr, thay wfll

usa prjmuet keeass sarvfeas lfca Pagt irjec Papakt, Cftehag Lf`rkry, ]jjl Lf`rkry, jrbkgfza thafr jwg ejoougfty

swkps, okca hkgm-okma bfits, vjlugtaar, shkra wfth ikoflfas kgm irfagms, fgvfta thafr irfagms tj pkrtfefpkta, kgm

avag shkra thafr ehjfeas wfth elfagts F bfva k ]jjl Lf`rkry oaoàrshfp tj elfagts whag thay ùy gaw hjoas.

]hay kra klsjvary vjekl k`jut hjw Sthay_ lfva Sthafr_ vkluas kgm agejurkba jthars tj shfit tj ojra sustkfgk`la

prketfeas ks wall. Okgy (1>% ji thfs saboagt) fgmfektam thkt thay prjketfvaly jrbkgfza ijrokl jr fgijrokl

swkps, rug ùsfgassas jr gjg-prjifts thkt halp tj rapkfr jr ra-usa3 vjlugtaar thafr tfoa, jr sft jg gjg-prjift `jkrms

thkt halp tj prjojta k zarj wksta ofssfjg.

]k`la 5 shjws oamfkg vkluas ijr ojtfvktfgb mrfvars ijr akeh ji tha àhkvfjurs tastam.

]k`la 5 - Uaboagt ]hraa - Oamfkg Ykluas ijr Ojtfvktfgb Mrfvars

Papkfrfgb

]hfs brjup rapkfrs thafr ftaos fgstakm ji purehksfgb gaw prjmuets jg k ojstly rabulkr `ksfs (g?;=). ]hay ljjc

thfgbs up jg tha fgtargat fi thay mjgt cgjw hjw tj rapkfr, thayll usa suparblua kgm muet tkpa tj ifx thafr trkval

ejiiaa oub, saw pktehas kgm rfps fg pkgts kgm `kecpkecs. ]hay lakrg sawfgb, ekrpagtry, kgm alaetrjgfes sj

Ukva

ojgay

@a pkrt ji

k

ejoougfty

Ejgvagfag

ea (ljektfjg

prjxfofty)

Pamuea

w ksta kgm

agvfrjgoag

tkl

raspjgsf`flf

Pamuea

hksslas ji

purehksfgb

gaw

prjmuet

]ry

sjoathfgb

gaw

Paejooag

mam `y

irfagms/iko

fly/ejllakbu

as

Ifts w fth

oy

parsjgkl

àlfais kgm

vkluas

Ftao hks

sagtfoagtkl

vklua

Papkfr =.> 0.> 5.> 1.> 5.1 0.> 0.> 1.> =.1

@uy Qsam =.> 5.> 0.1 1.> 0.> ;.> ;.> 1.>

Pagt kgm

@jrrjw=.1 =.> =.> 1.> 5.> 0.> 0.> 1.>

Uw kp =.> =.> 5.> 1.> 0.> 5.> 5.> 1.>

@uy Okma

irjo Paeyelam;.> 5.> ;.> 1.> ;.> ;.> ;.> 1.>


18/53

;2

thay ejulm ifx thafr `rjcag ftaos, kttagm Papkfr Eki sj thkt thay ejulm lakrg hjw tj rapkfr, kgm à àttar

aqufppam tj ifx thfgbs krjugm tha hjusa. ]hay hkta thrjwfgb stuii jutkgm lfca tj upeyela.

]hay hkva mfiiaragt bj-tj plkeas ijr mfiiaragt rapkfr ftaosF rapkfr oy jwg eljthfgb. F tkca oy ijjtwakr fg tj k

sokll ùsfgass ijr rapkfr. Ojst jthar thfgbs F try tj rapkfr jr saa fi sjoajga F cgjw ekg, kgm oky bj tj tha

Papkfr Ekia ks wall.

]hay rapkfr dakgs, shfrts, `kecpkecs, shjas, alaetrjgfes, phjgas, hjoa kpplfkgeas, cftehag ehkfrs, àm irkoas,

`fcas, rawfra lkops4 kgythfgb kgm avarythfgb thkt gaams tj à rapkfram. Fts gjt k jga-jii3 fts jg-bjfgb. ]hay

hjlm jii purehksfgb gaw thfgbs kgm try tj rapkfr `rjcag ftaos ifrst . Fklwkys try tj rapkfr. Oy f^hjga hks hkm gaw

blkss 5 tfoas kgm fs 1 yakrs jlm3 gaw sjlas jg shjas F hkva hkm sfgea F wks 0> (ijr 05 yakrs) - thay wara gaw

kgm $5>> k pkfr thag.

Fi F hkva tj raplkea ft, F try tj rapkfr ft ifrst, kgm F ko bagarklly k`la tj ifx ft. Uj, F hjlm jii ùyfgb gaw, fgelumas

bkroagts tjj.

]hay klsj mj MFV prjdaets kt hjoa ifxfgb shalvas fgstakm ji ùyfgb gaw jgas. Uavarkl raspjgmagts klsj

oagtfjgam thkt thay mj ft sj wall3 thay hkva stkrtam k ùsfgass halpfgb jthars rapkfr thafr `rjcag ftaos.

@uyfgb Qsam

]hfs brjup ejgsfstagtly ùys saejgm hkgm kgm okgy hkva avag fgmfektam thkt thay vfrtuklly gavar ùy kgythfgb

gawaxeapt ijr sjecs kgm ugmarwakr.

F hkva trfam tj stjp oy ejgsuoptfjg ji prjmuets klojst agtfraly fi/whara pjssf`la. F pkrtfefpkta fg swkps

ojstly tj bat rfm ji thfgbs F hkva kequfram fg jrmar tj hkva k ofgfoklfst kojugt ji 'thfgbs' sj thkt F ko

ketuklly okcfgb usa ji rasjureas thkt F hkva kgm gjt oaraly caapfgb k ejllaetfjg ji 'thfgbs. Oy hjusa

wks agtfraly iurgfsham wfth iraaeyela/ijugm/iraa cfdff ftaos.

]hay kequfra kll iurgftura, eljthas, cftehag ejugtars, mjjrs, ate., saejgm-hkgm jr raelkfoam. ]hay wfll klwkys try

tj ùy irjo thrfit stjra, irjo irfagms, kgtfqua shjps, bkrkba sklas, ^lky Ft Kbkfg spjrts, jg-lfga okrcatplkeas

(Erkfbslfst jr Cfdfdf), kgm avag iurgftura irjo tha eur` àijra ùyfgb gaw.

]hfs fs sj fopjrtkgt tj thfs brjup thkt savarkl hkva oagtfjgam thkt thay hkva eljthfgb lfgas klojst agtfraly okma

irjo raelkfoam jr upeyelam oktarfkls.


19/53

;8

Pamuefgb wksta fs axtraoaly fopjrtkgt, avfmagt gjt jgly fg tha rktfgb systao ùt `y thafr ketfjgs. @afgb pkrt ji k

ejoougfty ekoa up k pjfgt hfbhar (5) thkg oaksurfgb kbkfgst tha rast ji tha brjup (0), sj fts pjssf`la thkt

sjefkl gjro fs fopjrtkgt hara ks pkrt ji saejgm-hkgm ùyfgb.

]ha jgly `krrfar kgm hasftktfjg thkt ekoa up fg thfs brjup ijr ùyfgb usam fs sjoajga oagtfjgam battfgb fssuas

wfth ùbs irjo ùyfgb saejgm-hkgm, sj àekusa ji thfs, thay gjw ùy gaw. Hjwavar, thfs parsjg fs stfll pratty

oueh `jrrjwfgb ks oueh ks thay ekg kgm bjfgb tj swkps jg k rabulkr `ksfs.

Pagtfgb kgm @jrrjwfgb

]hfs brjup ragts kgm `jrrjws jg k rabulkr `ksfs fgstakm ji ùyfgb gaw prjmuets (g?;8). Rhathar fts ehflmrag's

eljthfgb & bakr swkps àtwaag ojos, ragtfgb tjjls kgm kpplfkgeas, mrass ragtkls (irjo Pagt irjec Papakt),

usfgb @fca Uhkra, Ekr Uhkra, Cftehag Lf`rkry kgm ]jjl Lf`rkry, jr ragtfgb shkram spkea ijr ùsfgass, tha

raspjgsas fg thfs brjup fgmfekta thkt ragtfgb, `jrrjwfgb kgm shkrfgb fs sjoathfgb thkt thay agbkba fg

ejgsfstagtly kgm thfs àhkvfjur spkgs okgy mfiiaragt ketfvftfas kgm lfia sftuktfjgs. ]hara kra tfoas whag thay

`jrrjw irjo gafbh`jurs jr sjefkl efrela, kgm tfoas whara thay usa axtargkl Uarvfea ^rjvfmars sueh ks ]jjl

Lf`rkry, Cftehag Lf`rkry kgm ate4 F lagm oy ekr iraaly. F `jrrjw tjjls kgm lagm thao. F bfva k tjjl lf`rkry

oaoàrshfp tj elfagts whag thay ùy gaw hjoas.

]ha raspjgmagts fg thfs saboagtktfjg kra ojra ojtfvktam `y àfgb pkrt ji k ejoougfty (sejram =) thkg tha

jthar 0 brjups, kgm kra ojra ojtfvktam `y ramuefgb wksta kgm agvfrjgoagtkl raspjgsf`flfty (sejram 1) thkg `y

skvfgb ojgay (sejram =).

Uwkppfgb

]ha raspjgmagts fg thfs brjup saboagt hkva fgmfektam thkt thay pkrtkca fg ijrokl jr fgijrokl swkps kgm prjmuet

axehkgbas jg k rabulkr `ksfs, kgm sjoathfgb thkt fs k pkrt ji thafr lfiastyla. Ujoa avag jrbkgfza tha swkps.

Ujoa ji tha fgijrokl swkps oagtfjgam fgeluma eljthfgb swkps wfth irfagms, prjvfmfgb k hkfreut ijr sawfgb

rapkfrs, àfgb pkrt ji kltargktfva bfit ikfrs, usa `krtar systaos wfthfg tha ejoougfty, kra pkrt ji gafbh`jurhjjm

axehkgba ejoougftfas jg Ikea`jjc, kgm kttagmfgb bkrkba sklas.

Ujoa ji tha ojra ijrokl swkps eftam fgeluma swkps kt tha ]jrjgtj Cftehag Lf`rkry, Ikt Bfrl Ijjm Uqukm, Uaam

Uwkps, kgm swkppfgb hjoa-okma prasarvas kt Rall ^rasarvam. Uavarkl hkva fgmfektam thkt thay `krtar kt wjrc


20/53

;6

(fg lfau ji pkyoagt) ijr fgstkgea ijjm ijr avagt spkea. ]hfs brjup fs mrfvag tj swkp `y ramuefgb wksta4 F

klwkys try tj pkss kljgb ftaos tj irfagms fgstakm ji mfsekrmfgb. @afgb pkrt ji k ejoougfty fs klsj kg fopjrtkgt

mrfvar, sfoflkr tj skvfgb ojgay. ]hfs brjup fs klsj ojra jpag tj kgm ket jg raejooagmktfjgs tj kttagm swkps

irjo thafr irfagms kgm ikofly. ]hfs ejulm à àekusa thay kra klrakmy ejggaetam tj k ejoougfty thkt prjvfmas

keeass tj thasa avagts.

@uyfgb Ftaos Okma Jut Ji Paeyelam Oktarfkls

Uavarkl raspjgmagts (g?2) hkva fgmfektam thkt thay aspaefklly ùy prjmuets okma jut ji raeyelam oktarfkl, whag

tha prjmuets kra gjg-murk`la bjjms raqufrfgb mfspjskl4 sueh ks pkpar, tjjth`rushas, majmjrkgt, elakgfgb

supplfas pkeckbfgb, ehflmrags prjmuets. Kgjthar krak thkt wks iraquagtly oagtfjgam wks tha fopjrtkgea ji

ùflmfgb oktarfkls okma wfth raeyelam ejgtagt (f.a. mrywkll, pkfgt). Ujoa ji tha jthar ftaos oagtfjgam wara

eljthas, ik`rfes, iurgftura.

Jgly twj raspjgmagts fg thfs brjup saboagtktfjg hkm fgmfektam thkt thay gavar ùy prjmuets okma jut ji

raeyelam oktarfkls. ]ha raksjgfgb ijr thfs wks thkt thay rkraly ùy `rkgm-gaw prjmuets, kgm wfth saejgm hkgm

prjmuets, ft fs gjt sj fopjrtkgt tj ehaec thkt thay kra okma wfth raeyelam oktarfkl. K iaw oagtfjgam thkt tha hfbh

prfea ji sjoa ji tha ftaos okma jut raeyelam oktarfkls sueh ks eljthfgb fs pravagtfgb thao irjo ùyfgb ojra.

]hfs fs sjoathfgb thkt hks ejoa up ks fopjrtkgt tj thafr ejra vkluas4 ]hfs fs hubaly fopjrtkgt tj oa - F try tj

raiusa, rausa, ramuea...kgm tha raeyela, ùt fi F mj ùy, F try tj kt lakst ùy sjoathfgb raeyelam jr wfth hfbh

raeyelam ejgtagt.


21/53

0>

Uaetfjg 54 Paejooagmktfjgs ijr Ketfjg fg ]jrjgtj

Fgmfvfmukl àhkvfjurs kra maaply aoàmmam fg sjefkl kgm fgstftutfjgkl ejgtaxts. Ra kra bufmam ks oueh `y whkt

jthars krjugm us sky kgm mj, kgm `y tha rulas ji tha bkoa ks wa kra `y parsjgkl ehjfea. Ra jitag ifgm

jursalvas ljecam fg tj ugsustkfgk`la àhkvfjurs fg spfta ji jur jwg àst fgtagtfjgs.

- ]fojthy Dkecsjg, 0>>1, Ojtfvktfgb Uustkfgk`la Ejgsuoptfjg4 K Pavfaw ji Avfmagea jg Ejgsuoar @ahkvfjur

kgm @ahkvfjurkl Ehkgba.

]ha raejooagmktfjgs fg thfs saetfjg kmmrass hjw tha Efty ji ]jrjgtj ofbht masfbg kgm fgtabrkta gaw

Efreulkr Aejgjoy ejgsuoptfjg pkttargs kgm agbkba eftfzags fg tha aiijrt tj halp ramuea wksta kt tha

sjurea kgm ifgm wkys tj rausa àijra raeyelfgb jr mfspjsfgb.

]ha saetfjg fs mfvfmam fgtj thraa okfg pkrts4

^krt F prjvfmas sjlutfjgs thkt ekg halp tj erakta ojra jppjrtugftfas ijr ramuefgb wksta kgm rausa `y

foprjvfgb keeassf`flfty tj axfstfgb jptfjgs kgm eraktfgb gaw jppjrtugftfas3

^krt FF prjvfmas sjlutfjg tj halp kmmrass sjefkl gjros ehkllagbas whfla tkcfgb k hjlfstfe aejsystaos

kpprjkeh fg plkggfgb ijr tha ljgb-taro systao trkgsijroktfjg, kgm

^krt FFF prjvfmas sjlutfjgs thkt halp tj masfbg strktabfas ijr fgmfvfmukl vkluas kgm àlfais.

Ks tha pramjofgkgt oathjmjljby usam ijr thfs rasakreh prjdaet wks tha Masfbg ]hfgcfgb oathjm, tha

raejooagmktfjgs ijr ketfjg hkva tkcag k usar eagtaram kpprjkeh, whara akeh saetfjg àbfgs wfth ifgmfgbs irjo

tha ejgsuoar/eftfzag survay.

]ha raejooagmam ketfjgs saetfjg wks mavaljpam usfgb fgsfbhts bktharam murfgb axpart fgtarvfaws,

wjrcshjps, kgm lftarktura ravfaws.


22/53

0;

^krt F. Masfbgfgb ^lktijros ijr Uarvfea Aejsystaos

Rhag kgklyzfgb raspjgsas irjo tha ejgsuoar survay, ejgvagfagea (ljektfjg prjxfofty) wks fgmfektam ks jga ji

tha tjp mrfvars ijr ragtfgb kgm `jrrjwfgb kerjss kll ji tha thraa brjup saboagts.

Ifbura 9 - Ojtfvktfgb Mrfvars ijr Pagtfgb kgm @jrrjwfgb

Kmmftfjgklly, whag kgklyzfgb `krrfars ijr gjg-pkrtfefpktfgb fg ragtfgb kgm `jrrjwfgb àhkvfjurs, survay

raspjgmagts fgmfektam thkt lkec ji keeassf`flfty ks k `krrfar4

Lkec ji ljektfjgs fg oy gafbh`jurhjjm

Lkec ji ejgvagfagea kgm keeass

Axfstfgb jptfjgs tjj ejstly kgm mj gjt oaat axfstfgb gaams

Hkrm tj ifgm ejoougfty jutlats thkt ikeflftkta `jrrjwfgb

]ha ]jrjgtj ]jjl Lf`rkry kgm ]ha Cftehag Lf`rkry ijr fgstkgea fmagtfifam thkt pajpla wfll jgly trkval k shjrt

mfstkgea irjo thafr rasfmagea tj `jrrjw ftaos jg k rabulkr `ksfs. ]j sekla tha lf`rkry fmaks, thay kra ljjcfgb tj

pkrtgar wfth ejgmjofgfuo mavaljpars tj okca `jrrjwfgb ftaos ojra keeassf`la. @y thfgcfgb thrjubh thafr vklua

`luaprfgt kgm fmagtfiyfgb eustjoar pkfg pjfgts, thay ekg sekla ojra aiiaetfvaly `y wjrcfgb wfth mavaljpars. Ekr

shkrfgb ejopkgfas kra klrakmy mjfgb thfs, kgm `y pkrtgarfgb wfth pu`lfe pkrcfgb ljts kgm, fg sjoa eksas,

rasfmagtfkl pkrcfgb ljts, thay kra agk`lfgb àttar keeass.

>.> >.1 ;.> ;.1 0.> 0.1 5.> 5.1 =.> =.1 1.>

Ukva ojgay

@a pkrt ji k ejoougfty

Ejgvagfagea (ljektfjg prjxfofty)

Pamuea wksta kgm ijr agvfrjgoagtkl

Pamuea hksslas ji purehksfgb gaw prjmuet

]ry sjoathfgb gaw

Paejooagmam `y irfagms/ikofly/ejllakbuas

Ifts wfth oy parsjgkl àlfais kgm vkluas

Uaboagt 5

Uaboagt 0

Uaboagt ;


23/53

00

^rjpjsam Utrktabfas ijr Ketfjg

]j halp mrfva kgm sekla ragtfgb kgm `jrrjwfgb àhkvfjurs, ft fs fopjrtkgt ijr Eftfas tj ikeflftkta ejgvagfagea

kgm aksa ji keeassf`flfty. ]hfs fs kg jppjrtugfty ijr masfbgfgb plktijros ijr sarvfea aejsystaos, kgm thfgcfgb

hjlfstfeklly thrjubh vklua `luaprfgts.

K sueeassiul trkgsftfjg wfll fgvjlva eraktfvaly klljekta pu`lfe spkeas ijr shkrfgb. Ra gaam tj ravftklfza tha gjtfjg

ji pu`lfe bjjms ijr ejoojg purpjsa (Dkecsjg, ]., 0>>6).

Efty plkggars kgm ougfefpklftfas ekg ket tj agejurkba kgm fgvast fg ojra ejoougfty `ksam shkrfgb, prjtaet

pu`lfe spkeas kgm ifgm wkys tj sat up fgijrokl swkppfgb kgm trkmfgb stktfjgs kgm/jr avagts kt ejoougfty

eagtars, sehjjls, kgm pu`lfe lf`rkrfas. ]ha ]jjl Lf`rkry ijr fgstkgea hks pkrtgaram wfth tha ]jrjgtj û`lfe Lf`rkry

tj agk`la k wfmar rkgba kgm jg-bjfgb keeass tj tjjls.

Ofehkal Ukgmal, Hkrvkrm pjlftfekl phfljsjphar kgm prjiassjr, pjfgts jut tha fopjrtkgea ji ejoojg spkeas ijr

tha purpjsa ji ejoojg eftfzagshfp sj mfiiaragt pajpla irjo mfiiaragt wklcs ji lfia agejugtar jga kgjthar

thkt wa ekg oakgfgbiully thfgc ji jga kgjthar ks eftfzags fg k ejoojg vagtura (Dkecsjg, ]., 0>>6).

Fg tha ljgb-taro, stragbthagfgb ejoougftfas ekg halp tj ejjrmfgkta fgmfvfmukl kbagey fgtj ejllaetfva ketfjg tj

kmmrass sjoa ji jur `fbbast sjefkl kgm agvfrjgoagtkl ehkllagbas (Amojgms, K., 0>;5).

Fg Jgtkrfj, jur Lfvfgb Utkgmkrms1iall `y klojst 05% sfgea tha 0>>8 raeassfjg avag ks BM^ raejvars (Ekgkmfkg

Fgmax ji Rallàfgb, 0>;=). @jttjo-up agbkbaoagt thkt halps tj erakta jppjrtugftfas ijr `jrrjwfgb, ragtfgb, kgm

swkppfgb àhkvfjur pkttargs ekg erakta k pariaet sjlutfjg ijr gjt jgly ramuefgb wksta kt tha sjurea, ùt klsj

gurturas strjgbar ejoougfty `jgms, kgm halps tj kllavfkta ifgkgefkl prassuras `y seklfgb shkrfgb àhkvfjurs

kerjss ejoougftfas kgm gafbh`jurhjjms.

]j agk`la braktar keeassf`flfty sjoa ji tha strktabfas ijr halpfgb tj agk`la braktar keeassf`flfty ejulm

fgeluma4

;) Rjrcfgb wfth tha ]jrjgtj Ejoougfty Hjusfgb Ejrpjrktfjg (]EHE) kgm ùflm pu`lfe hjusfgb thkt

prjvfmas fgirkstruetura tj klljekta spkeas ijr shkrfgb lf`rkrfas. ]jrjgtj Ejoougfty Hjusfgb

Ejrpjrktfjgs hjusfgb pjrtijlfj fgelumas ojra thkg 51> hfbh-rfsa kgm ljw-rfsa kpkrtoagt ùflmfgbs

1Lfvfgb Utkgmkrms kra oaksuram `y tha Ekgkmfkg Fgmax ji Rallàfgb (EFR) fg pjvarty rktas3 fgejoa iluetuktfjgs kgm vjlktflfty3 kgmaejgjofe saeurfty.


24/53

05

(]EHE, 0>;1), wfth pjtagtfkl agk`lfgb spkeas ijr shkrfgb lf`rkrfas stjecam wfth murk`la ftaos thkt kra

usam fgiraquagtly thkt ekg à shkram kojgbst tha rasfmagts.

0) Paejbgfzfgb kgm prjojtfgb Oj`fla Qgfts f.a. `jjcoj`flas, eljthfgb swkp oj`flas, tjjl oj`flas, ate.,

ks k ljw ejst wky ijr shkrfgb aejgjoy agtrapragaurs tj agtar tha okrcat, rakeh ejgsuoars fg vkrfjus

ejoougftfas kgm gafbh`jurhjjms.

5) Qtflfzfgb lf`rkrfas/ejoougkl ljektfjgs ijr mrjp-jii mapjts3 pkrtgarfgb wfth ejrpjrktfjgs f.a. PJGK,

Hjoa Mapjt, ijr suppjrt3 kgm wjrcfgb wfth ehkrftfas kgm gjg-prjifts sueh ks sueh ks Bjjmwfll kgm Yklua

Yfllkba fg sattfgb up `jrrjwfgb lf`rkrfas.

=) Fgeagtfvfsfgb prjparty okgkbars kgm mavaljpars tj utflfza ugusam spkeas fg ùflmfgbs (f.a. cftehags, pkrty

rjjos, bkrmags) tj hjst shkrfgb lf`rkrfas, `y lfgcfgb tj kgm shjwfgb tha Paturg jg Fgvastoagt (PJF) ji

ejoougfty mavaljpoagt. ]hfs ejulm à mjga `y lavarkbfgb Uaetfjg 52 oultf-ugft rasfmagtfkl

mavaljpoagt tj àgaift ejoougftfas whag eraktfgb magsfty.

1) Lavarkba axfstfgb vjlugtaar prjbrkos tj agbkba wfth rasfmagts (saa `jttjo up ejoougfty agbkbaoagt

fg ^krt FF).

9) Mavaljp k okp ji jppjrtugftfas ijr rausa ji jrbkgfzktfjgs klrakmy prjvfmfgb thjsa sarvfeas. ]hfs ejulm

fgeluma kvkflk`la spkeas, kgm shkrfgb, ragtfgb, swkppfgb, rapkfrfgb, kgm ùyfgb usam sarvfea prjvfmas.

2) Upjgsjrfgb kgm eraktfgb ojra gafbh`jurhjjm avagts (f.a. swkppfgb), kgm eraktfgb jppjrtugftfas tj

shkra tha cfgms ji ftaos swkppam (f.a. agejurkba swkppfgb ji bjjm quklfty alaetrjgfes. Ax4 f^hjga 1

whag f^hjga 9 krrfvas).

8) Jiiarfgb kgm prjojtfgb braktar rapkfr jptfjgs - prjvfmfgb braktar fgtrfgsfe murk`flfty kgm kg fgeagtfva ijr

àttar ekra kgm okfgtagkgea ji prjmuets, fgmfektas tha gaam ijr k shfit tj ojra hfbhly scfllam, erkit-`ksam

prjmuetfjg oathjms kgm fgeraksam rapkfr kgm okfgtagkgea wjrc. Ks ojra ejgsuoars kgm prjmuet usars

hkva braktar keeassf`flfty kgm mrfvars tj rapkfr, thfs wjulm prjvfma aopljyoagt jppjrtugftfas tj jiisat tha

aiiaet ji ramueam maokgm ijr gaw prjmuets.

6)

Kmvjektfgb ijr Labfslktfjg tj Ejugtar ^rjmuet J`sjlaseagea - tha Bjvargoagt ji Jgtkrfj raeagtly

ragawam ejooftoagt tj wksta ramuetfjg labfslktfjg (Jgtkrfj.ek, 0>;=) raejbgfzfgb thkt rjùst wksta

mfvarsfjg prjbrkos kra erftfekl tj prjtaetfgb tha agvfrjgoagt, raejvarfgb aejgjofe vklua fg tha wksta

strako, kgm raklfzfgb BHB ramuetfjg àgaifts. ]hfs fs kg jppjrtugfty ijr sattfgb rjùst aej-masfbg pjlfey

tj ejugtar j`sjlaseagea, whara ks raejooagmam `y tha Aurjpakg Agvfrjgoagtkl @uraku tha


25/53

0=

bjvargoagt ejulm sat masfbg raqufraoagts thkt okcas prjmuets ojra aksfly rapkfrk`la kgm ljgbar-

lkstfgb3 agsura thkt tha oktarfkls kgm ejopjgagts ji k prjmuet ekg à ojra aksfly ra-usam, raiur`fsham

kgm raeyelam3 kgm agsura thkt prjmuets kra iraa ji hkzkrmjus jr prj`laoktfe su`stkgeas, whfeh ekg

hkopar ra-usa jr raeyelfgb aiijrts.

^krt FF. Gjroklfzfgb Efreulkr @ahkvfjurs

Jur sjefkl sphara shkpas àhkvfjurs wa pareafva ks masfrk`la. ]j ehkgba àhkvfjurs fg trkgsftfjgfgb tj efreulkr

aejgjoy, wa gaam k oultf-mfoagsfjgkl kpprjkeh tj fgiluagea eultura. âjpla kra prjmuears ks wall ks prjmuets

ji sjefkl systaos (Ekprk, I., Lufsf, ^. L., 0>;=). Jur àhkvfjurs kgm maefsfjgs sfbgkl tj jthars hjw tj àhkva3

kgm fg-turg ks wa saa jthars àhkva, wa bat parofssfjg thkt gumbas us fgtj eartkfg àhkvfjurs tjj, kgm sj jg.

Rhag kgklyzfgb tha ejgsuoar survay raspjgsas tj ugmarstkgm hjw sjefkl gjros kra fopketfgb àhkvfjur, ft

wks mfsejvaram thkt Uaboagt Jga kgm Uaboagt ]wj hkva `jth axprassam sjefkl hasftktfjgs whag ft ejoas tj

afthar parijrofgb eartkfg àhkvfjurs jr tklcfgb k`jut thao.

]hfs hasftktfjg fs railaetam fg tha ijlljwfgb survay raspjgsas4

Oy irfagms mjgt pkrtfefpkta, sj F mjgt pkrtfefpkta.

F mjgt wkgt tj à lkàlam ehakp.

]haras k hjrrjr fg oy ikofly thkt fi F ùy saejgm hkgm F oust gjt à lakvfgb agjubh

ijr thjsa whj raklly gaam ft.

Fg kmmftfjg, raspjgmagts fgmfektam tha ijlljwfgb hasftktfjgs whag tryfgb tj bat jthars wfthfg thafr sjefkl efrela tj

pkrtkca fg efreulkr ejgsuoptfjg àhkvfjurs4

F mjgt ketfvaly try kgm ejgvfgea jthars tjdjfg.

F try gjt tj prjsalytfza tjj jitagft `jras pajpla.

Fts kggjyfgb kgm prakehy tj kggjugea spaefife shjppfgb kgm ejgsuoar ehjfeas.

F mjgt wkgt tj sjugm hjlfar thkg thjubh.

F mjg't wfsh tj "prakeh" ijr k eartkfg athfekl ehjfea.


26/53

01

]hfs fs whara eftfas ekg aiiaetfvaly stap fg tj halp stragbthag sjefkl gjros kt tha okerj laval, kllavfkta sjoa ji

tha sjefkl ejgeargs axprassam `y ejgsuoars, kgm agejurkba k strjgbar eultura ji efreulkr ojmas ji

ejgsuoptfjg.


]ha ijlljwfgb kra raejooagmam wkys tj kmmrass thasa sjefkl gjro ejgstrkfgts.

@jttjo-Qp Ejoougfty Agbkbaoagt

]jrjgtj hks àag shjwg ks jga ji tha ojst oultfeulturkl eftfas fg tha wjrlm wfth foofbrkgts okcfgb up jvar 1>

pareagt ji tha rasfmagts (Efty ji ]jrjgtj). ]hfs fs kg jppjrtugfty tj lakrg irjo mfiiaragt eulturas thkt klrakmy vklua

rapkfrfgb, shkrfgb, swkppfgb, kgm gjt wkstfgb rasjureas. @y fbgftfgb ehkgba kbagts wfthfg ljekl ejoougfty

brjups kgm halpfgb thao shkra thafr stjrfas, wa ekg halp thao fg aiiaet ojmal axfstfgb àhkvfjurs kgm vkluas tj

kiiaet lkrbar sjefkl gjros krjugm us. K brakt axkopla ji `jttjo up agbkbaoagt fs Braag Ehkgba ^rjdaet thkt

prjojtas agvfrjgoagtkl stawkrmshfp kgm braag dj`s fg tha Dkga kgm Ifgeh krak. Fg 0>;>, Dkga-Ifgeh

ejoougfty ramueam thafr ekr`jg ijjtprfgt `y 0,>>> tjggas kgm raeafvam tha]jrjgtj Braag Kwkrmijr thafr wjrc.

Ft wjulm à vftkl tjmavaljp kgm utflfza k strktaby tj ejoougfekta tj sprakm tha oasskba thrjubh ljekl eulturkl

oamfk kgm fgstftutfjgs, jrbkgfzktfjgs.

Ojmalfgb Masfram @ahkvfjurUhjw, Mjgt ]all

Ujefkl lakrgfgb thajry stktas pajpla ekg lakrg gaw àhkvfjurs `y j`sarvfgb kgm foftktfgb jthars (Erjecar, P.,

0>;5).

Fgijroktfjg ekopkfbgs (whfeh kra wfmaly usam `y pjlfey okcars fg tryfgb tj prjojta gaw àhkvfjurs) kra lass

aiiaetfva thkg jthar ijros ji lakrgfgb (Dkecsjg, ]., 0>>1). Lakrgfgb `y trfkl kgm arrjr, j`sarvfgb hjw jthars

àhkva kgm ojmallfgb jur àhkvfjur jg whkt wa saa krjugm us prjvfmas ojra aiiaetfva kgm ojra prjofsfgb

kvaguas ijr ehkgbfgb ahkvfjurs thkg fgijroktfjg kgm kwkragass ekopkfbgs (Dkecsjg, ]., 0>>1).

]hfs fs klsj suppjrtam `y Pagj, Efklmfgf, kgm Ckllbrag (;665) whj fg thafr rasakreh ugejvaram thkt maserfptfva

gjros, whfeh ojtfvkta àhkvfjur thrjubh skyfgb jr shjwfgb whkt ketfjg fs ojst kmkptfva jr aiiaetfva fg k
https://yorkwestadvocate.wordpress.com/2010/05/13/jane-finchs-green-change-project-wins-toronto-green-award/https://yorkwestadvocate.wordpress.com/2010/05/13/jane-finchs-green-change-project-wins-toronto-green-award/https://yorkwestadvocate.wordpress.com/2010/05/13/jane-finchs-green-change-project-wins-toronto-green-award/https://yorkwestadvocate.wordpress.com/2010/05/13/jane-finchs-green-change-project-wins-toronto-green-award/


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pkrtfeulkr sftuktfjg, kra ojra aiiaetfva fg ketfvktfgb àhkvfjur ehkgba thkg prjserfptfva gjros whfeh kfo tj

ojtfvkta `y tallfgb pajpla whkt àhkvfjurs kra ojst lfcaly tj raeafva rawkrms jr kvjfm pugfshoagts.

Keejrmfgb tj sjefkl lakrgfgb thajry, wa lakrg ojst aiiaetfvaly irjo pajpla whj kra kttrketfva tj us jr fgiluagtfkl

ijr us, jr irjo pajpla whj kra sfoply lfca us (Erjecar, P., 0>;5). ]ha sueeass kssjefktam wfth k sjefkl

àhkvfjur mapagms jg tha àhkvfjur ji jthars fg tha pjpulktfjg.

Ujefklfzktfjg ji k ojra sustkfgk`la àhkvfjur fs jitag tj à ijugm `ksam jg sehaoas thkt hkva pjtagtfkl tj

mavaljp ikea-tj-ikea ralktfjgshfps & ljeklfzam alaoagts (Erjecar, P., 0>;5), jrbkgfzktfjgs oust klsj krehftaet

wkys ijr fgmfvfmukls tj iaal walejoam fg ejoougftfas thkt ofbht kt ifrst iaal mfiiaragt.

EKUA U]QMV Oatrj Ykgejuvar mavaljpam "Erakta Oaojrfas, gjt Bkr`kba" ekopkfbg usfgb huojur jr

ugusukl vfsukls tj ojmal tha masfram àhkvfjur bfvfgb bfits ji tfoa, axparfageas jr ljgb-lkstfgb bfits. ]hafr

j`daetfva wks tj shjw thkt trkmftfjgs ekg à uphalm whfla ramuefgb tha bkr`kba wa bagarkta. ]ha rasults ji tha

ekopkfbg shjw thkt kitar 0 yakrs, 1>% ji rasfmagts raekllam tha ekopkfbg. Ji thjsa whj raekllam ft, =>% skfm

tha kmvartfsaoagts fgiluageam tha typas ji bfits thay bkva.

http4//www.gzwe.ek/GktfjgklEjoougfektfjgEkopkfbgs/^kbas/EraktaOaojrfas.kspx

Uuppjrtfgb tha Okcar Eultura

Uavarkl ji tha ejgsuoar survay raspjgmagts raiarageam thafr eultura ks k mrfvar ijr agbkbfgb fg efreulkr

ejgsuoptfjg àhkvfjurs. Ujoa klsj oagtfjgam thkt thay kttagm tha Papkfr Eki tj lakrg hjw tj ifx thfgbs4

F braw up fg kg agvfrjgoagt whara F usam tj ifx thfgbs, ejofgb hara Stj Papkfr Eki_ `rfgbs oa `kec tj oy

rjjts.

Fo irjo k ejugtry whara wa gavar thrjw kgythfgb jut, kgm thara fs gj sueh thfgb ks pkeckbfgb.

F ko hara SPapkfr Eki_ tj lakrg hjw tj ifx.

ârsjgkl ehjfeas kra kiiaetam `y tha eulturkl agvfrjgoagt fg whfeh pajpla kra `rjubht up. Jga ekg axpaet

maifgftfjgs ji tha quklfty ji lfia ejgeapt tj à eulturklly mapagmagt ks wall. (Hjistama, B., ;68=) Ijr axkopla, fg

sjoa eulturas tha quklfty ji lfia fs strjgbly kssjefktam wfth tha mabraa ji sktfsiketfjg ji oktarfkl gaams. Fg jthars,
http://www.nzwc.ca/NationalCommunicationCampaigns/Pages/CreateMemories.aspxhttp://www.nzwc.ca/NationalCommunicationCampaigns/Pages/CreateMemories.aspx


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ft fs kssjefktam wfth tha mabraa tj whfeh pajpla sueeaam fg su`mufgb kgm ramuefgb thafr oktarfkl gaams.

(Hjistama, B., ;68=)

]hara fs k brjwfgb blj`kl brkssrjjts okcar eultura thkt vkluas prj`lao sjlvfgb kgm ifxfgb `rjcag ftaos fgstakm

ji thrjwfgb thasa kwky kgm wkstfgb thao. Okgy okcars kra hj``yfsts, agthusfksts jr koktaurs, kgm thara kra

plkeas sueh ks Okcar Ekias kgm Okcar Ikfras thkt ikeflftkta lakrgfgb ji gaw scflls, paar-tj-paar ejoougfty

mavaljpoagt, kgm eala`rkta tha Mj-Ft-Vjursali (MFV) eultura (http4//okcarikfra.ejo, 0>;1). Ifxfgb ftaos klsj

okcas pajpla iaal bjjm, kgm thay wkgt tj shkra wfth jthars whkt thay keejoplfsham (Ljectjg, M., 0>;5).

Masfbgfgb Axparfageas

]ha gjtfjg thkt j`daets kgm pjssassfjgs wfll okca us hkppfar fs àfgb maùgcam `y rasakrehars kt Ejrgall

Qgfvarsfty whj hkva àag stumyfgb tha quastfjg ji ojgay kgm hkppfgass ijr jvar twj maekmas. ]hay mfsejvaram

thkt wa ùy thfgbs tj okca us hkppy, ùt jgea tha gjvalty wakrs jii kgm wa kmkpt tj thao3 thay kra gj ljgbar

axeftfgb. ]hafr rasakreh subbasts thkt k parsjg wfll bat ojra hkppfgass `y spagmfgb ojgay jg

axparfageas. ]hay kecgjwlamba thkt klthjubh jur fmagtfty fs ejggaetam tj oktarfkl pjssassfjg, gjgathalass

j`daets raokfg sapkrkta irjo us. Fg ejgtrkst, axparfageas raklly kra pkrt ji us4 Ra kra tha suo tjtkl ji jur

axparfageas. (Bfljvfeh, ]., 0>;1)

Ojra pajpla kra àbfggfgb tj vklua fooarsfva axparfageas jvar oktarfkl j`daets. K stumy ejgmuetam `y DR]

Ekgkmk (0>;=) mfsejvaram thkt4 savag jut ji tag Ekgkmfkgs kbraam thay wjulm rkthar spagm ojgay jg kg

axparfagea thkg k oktarfkl ftao. 21 pareagt ji raspjgmagts skfm thay lfca ft whag `rkgms okca kg ketfva kttaopt

tj ekptura thafr fokbfgktfjg.

Agbkbfgb Ofllaggfkls

DR] Ekgkmk (0>;=) subbasts thkt ofllaggfkls9kra k mrfvfgb ijrea àhfgm tha ojvaoagt ks thayva àejoa usam

tj àfgb kt tha eagtra ji axparfageas kgm gjt dust pkssfva j`sarvars.

Rhag kgklyzfgb tha survay raspjgsas, tj matarofga tha kba rkgba ji thjsa fgmfektfgb thafr hfbhast iraquagey ji

ragtfgb kgm `jrrjwfgb àhkvfjur, tha oamfkg kba rkgba wks scawam tj 01-5=, whfeh fs wfthfg tha Rjrlm

9Ofllaggfkls kra pajpla `jrg àtwaag ;68; kgm ;661, raprasagtfgb 01% ji tha blj`kl pjpulktfjg (kgm wfll stfll raprasagt 0>% ji thablj`kl pjpulktfjg fg 0>5>) (Rjrlm Aejgjofe Ijruo, 0>;5).


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Aejgjofe Ijruo (RAI) maifgftfjg ji ofllaggfkls. (Jvarkll raspjgsa G?55, erftarfk fgelumam ojgthly, waacly, kgm

ks oueh ks F ekg iraquagey rktas.)

Ifbura 2 - Kba Pkgba ji ^krtfefpkgts Fgmfektfgb Hfbhast Iraquagey ji Pagtfgb kgm @jrrjwfgb @ahkvfjur

Rjrlm Aejgjofe Ijruos rapjrt Agbkbfgb ]jojrrjws Ejgsuoar (0>;5) klsj ifgms thkt ofllaggfkls kra tha

wjrlms ojst fgiluagtfkl shjppars, kgm hkva tha pjtagtfkl tj shkpa tha àhkvfjur ji jthar pajpla kgm ejgsuoar

okrcats. ]ha rapjrt klsj ifgms thkt ofllaggfkls àlfava fg thafr pjwar tj à kbagts ji ehkgba (RAI, 0>;5). Fg tha

ejgsuoar rasakreh maserfàm fg ^krt FFF, saboagt thraa Efreulkr Lfiastylar & Kmvjekta fs klsj scawam tj 01-5=

kba brjup.

Pa-irkofgb Oasskbfgb irjo Agvfrjgoagtkl tj Jthar @agaifts

Ks gjtam irjo Uaboagt Jga survay raspjgsas3 gjt avaryjga fs pkrtfefpktfgb fg efreulkr àhkvfjurs fs ojtfvktam

`y ramuefgb wksta.

Ukvfgb ojgay hks ejoa up ks k prfokry ojtfvktjr ijr ijur jut tha ifva àhkvfjurs tastam.Ijr fgstkgea fg

axkofgfgb mrfvars ijr laksfgb, ragtfgb kgm `jrrjwfgb Ejgvagfagea, Pamuefgb tha Hksslas ji ûrehksfgb Gaw

^rjmuet kgm ]ryfgb Ujoathfgb Gaw sejram sfbgfifekgtly hfbhar thkg Pamuea Rksta kgm Agvfrjgoagtkl

Paspjgsf`flfty.

9%

11%

02%

6%

5%

;8-0= yakrs jlm (0 ppl)

01-5= yakrs jlm (;8 ppl)


=1-1= yakrs jlm (5 ppl)



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]k`la = - Ojtfvktfgb Mrfvars ijr Uaboagt Jga Pagtfgb kgm @jrrjwfgb @ahkvfjurs

]hfs fgsfbht wks klsj ejgifroam murfgb fgtarvfaws wfth Cftehag Lf`rkry, ]ha ]jjl Lf`rkry, kgm jthar jrbkgfzktfjgs.

Ra okma `jrrjwfgb tjjls kiijrmk`la kgm hkva raojvam tha `krrfar tj keeass pajpla raspjgm tj ejst skvfgbs,

àfgb pkrt ji tha ejoougfty, kgm lakrgfgb gaw scflls avag thjubh pajpla mjg't ljjc kt ft irjo skvfgb tha akrth

pjfgt ji vfaw. Lkwragea Klvkraz, ^rasfmagt, ]ha Fgstftuta ijr k Pasjurea-@ksam Aejgjoy, Ej-Ijugmar,

]jrjgtj ]jjl Lf`rkry.

]ha Rjrlm Aejgjofe Ijruo kgm Keeagtura Papjrt (0>;5), ifgms thkt sustkfgk`flfty fs fg masparkta gaam ji k

okcajvar. Jgly 08% ji pajpla cgjw whkt taros sueh ks sustkfgk`la, raspjgsf`la, aej -irfagmly kgm braag

raklly oakg (Rjrlm Aejgjofe Ijruo & Keeagtura, 0>;5).

]hfs fs kg jppjrtugfty tj rairkoa hjw wa tklc k`jut efreulkr ejgsuoptfjg tj eartkfg saboagts ji tha pjpulktfjg.

]hara wfll à fgstkgeas whara fgstakm ji tryfgb tj prjojta agvfrjgoagtkl àgaifts, tha irkofgb ekg à ojra

aiiaetfva fg fgeagtfvfsfgb àhkvfjurs `y fgelumfgb ejst skvfgbs kgm ejgvag fagea àgaifts. Ijr fgstkgea, Ekr0Bjs

sljbkg fs4 Ufoply. Klwkys. Avarywhara. kgm thafr vklua prjpjsftfjg fs Kiijrmk`la Mrfva ijr tha Efty.

Ufbgklfgb Ujefkl Utktus kgm Palktamgass

Jur purehksfgb maefsfjgs saao tj à eljsaly tfam wfth jur sagsa ji fmagtfty kgm jur plkea fg tha wjrlm. Ra

ejgsuoa thfgbs fg jrmar tj axprass jursalvas kgm tj axparfagea whj wa thfgc wa kra jr whj wa wkgt tj

àejoa, kgm tj pjsftfjg jursalvas fg ralktfjg tj jthars wa cgjw (Erjcar, P., 0>;5).

Fg tha survay, savarkl raspjgmagts fgmfektam hjw thay sfbgkl thafr purehksfgb maefsfjgs tj jthars4

Fo prjum tj mfsplky agvfrjgoagtklly irfagmly prjmuets fg oy hjoa whag pajpla vfsft.

Fll shjw jii iurgftura okma jut ji raeyelam oktarfkls.

Rhag kgyjga ejoplfoagts oa jg oy eljthas, F tall thao k`jut swkps.

Ukva

ojgay

@a pkrt ji

k

ejoougfty

Ejgvagfag

ea (ljektfjg

prjxfofty)

Pamuea

w ksta kgm

agvfrjgoag

tkl

raspjgsf`flf

ty

Pamuea

hksslas ji

purehksfgb

gaw

prjmuet

]ry

sjoathfgb

gaw

Paejooag

mam y

sjefkl

efrela

Ifts w fth

oy

parsjgkl

àlfais kgm

vkluas

Pagt kgm

@jrrjw1.> 5.> =.> 0.1 =.> =.> 5.> =.>


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]ha lktast rasakreh `y @@OB kgm BljàUekg ejgifros tha rfsa ji ojra thkg twj `fllfjg ejgsuoars blj`klly whj

kra ugftfgb styla, sjefkl stktus kgm sustkfgk`flfty vkluas tj ramaifga ejgsuoptfjg (@@OB kgm BljàUekg,

0>;=). ]ha ehkrketarfstfes ji thfs ejgsuoar brjup thay ekll Kspfrktfjgkls fgeluma k ljva ji ùyfgb gaw thfgbs

(28% ks ejopkram tj 18% ji kll raspjgmagts)3 wfllfgbgass tj pky ojra ijr sustkfgk`ly-prjmueam prjmuets (6;%

varsus 9=%)3 kgm k masfra tj stkgm jut ijr thafr parsjgk l styla (25% varsus 15%). Kspfrktfjgkls kra oktarfklfsts

whj maifga thaosalvas fg pkrt thrjubh `rkgms kgm yat thay àlfava thay hkva k raspjgsf`flfty tj purehksa

prjmuets thkt kra bjjm ijr tha agvfrjgoagt kgm sjefaty, Arfe Rhkg, Uustkfgk`flfty Mfraetjrji BljàUekg (0>;=).

Murfgb tha fgtarvfaw ijr thfs prjdaet, Dkequalyg Eyr, ej-ijugmar ji P5YJLYAM, skfm4

âjpla raklly ekra k`jut tha djurgay tjwkrms tha fmakl jr tha masfram sali. Ft's kg kttaopt ijr parsjgkl

`rkgmfgb, kttagtfjg, kgm sjefkl ekpftkl. @akutfiul thfgbs kra àkutfiul avaryjga shjulm hkva keeass tj

gfea thfgbs Ra ekgt ehkgba thfs, ks pajpla ekra vary oueh whkt jthar pajpla thfgc. Hjwavar, whktwa ekra k`jut gaams tj ehkgba.]hara kra oaehkgfsos thkt axfst tj tall tha stjry, kgm halp pajpla ùflm

sjefkl ekpftkl. "

EKUA U]QMVPKR fs k ikshfjg lfga spkwgam jut ji ]ha Yjrtax ^rjdaet, kg fgftfktfva brjwfgb k gaw ikshfjg

okrcat `y trkgsijrofgb plkstfe wksta ijugm fg jeakgs fgtj hfbh quklfty ykrg ekllam @fjgfe kgm okcfgb hfbh

quklfty eljthfgb. ]ha prjdaet pkrtgaram wfth Brkooy Kwkrm wfggfgb ousfefkg ^hkrrall Rfllfkos tj lkugeh tha

ifrst eljthfgb lfga wfth k magfo ejllaetfjg lkugehfgb kt tha Gaw Vjrc Ikshfjg Raac3 kgm fgiusam thfs lfga wfth

aksfly fmagtfifk`la ljbj kgm pkttargs jg tha ik`rfes. Pkw ijr tha Jeakgs fgelumas `jth k oags kgm wjoags

ejllaetfjg ejoprfsam ji dakgs, taas, hkts, swakts, kgm dkecats.

http4//www.rkwrmagfo.ejo/0>;=/>6/b-stkr-x-phkrrall-wfllfkos-rkw-ijr-tha-jeakgs-ejllaetfjg/

Ejllk`jrktfjgs ijr Uhfitfgb Ujefkl Gjros

Fg axkofgfgb hjw wa ekg agk`la tha shfit tjwkrms k efreulkr aejgjoy, Ijruo ijr tha Iutura fmagtfifam tha gaam

ijr astk`lfshfgb vklua gatwjrcs. Ijruo maifgas k vklua gatwjrc ks k gatwjrc ji ralktfjgshfps, whfeh eraktas

`jth tkgbf`la kgm fgtkgbf`la vklua thrjubh k ejoplfektam mygkofe axehkgba àtwaag fgmfvfmukls, brjups kgm

jrbkgfsktfjgs. Ijruo klsj subbasts thkt k vklua gatwjrc kpprjkeh fs k`jut ejgsfmarfgb tha wfmar wa` ji

ralktfjgshfps, kgm fgelumfgb tha iljw ji fgtkgbf`las lfca trust kgm cgjwlamba (Ijruo ijr tha Iutura, 0>;=).

]hfs kpprjkeh ekg à usam fg shfitfgb sjefj-eulturkl gjros fg Eftfas kgm ejoougftfas.
http://www.rawrdenim.com/2014/09/g-star-x-pharrell-williams-raw-for-the-oceans-collection/http://www.rawrdenim.com/2014/09/g-star-x-pharrell-williams-raw-for-the-oceans-collection/


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Efreulkr Aejgjoy

Ijr-^rjiftUarvfea

^rjvfmarsGjg-^rjift

Uarvfea^rjvfmars

FgmustryKssjefktfjgs

Eftfas

RkstaOkgkbaoagt

Gjg-^rjiftKmvjekeyBrjups

Oamfk

Kekmaofk

Qsars/Eftfzags

Ifbura 8 - Oultf-Utkcahjlmar Yklua Gatwjrc ijr Uhfitfgb Ujefkl Gjros fg k Efreulkr Aejgjoy

Ks wa wjrc tj shfit irjo maifgfgb jursalvas `y whkt wa hkva, tj maifgfgb jursalvas `y whj wa kra, thfs gaw

fmagtfty ejgstruetfjg wfll fgvjlva tha gaam ijr ojmalfgb àhkvfjur, eraktfgb oultfpla sjefkl iaam`kec ljjps tj

rafgijrea tha àhkvfjur, kgm lavarkbfgb trkmftfjgkl kgm gaw oamfk plktijros tj okfgstrako thasa gaw gjros.

]hara fs kg jppjrtugfty tj erakta ijr k oultf-yakr pu`lfe-prfvkta ejllk`jrktfva pkrtgarshfp wfth kg j`daetfva tj

ejgmuet jg-bjfgb ejgsuoar rasakreh, kgm wjrc tj prjtjtypa kgm mavaljp ljeklfzam ks wall ks gktfjgkl

ekopkfbgs tj gjroklfza efreulkr ejgsuoptfjg àhkvfjurs & vklua shfits fg tha trkgsftfjg. ]hfs Yklua Gatwjrc

ejulm à fgeu`ktam wfthfg tha Efty, kg axfstfgb jrbkgfzktfjg, jr à fts jwg agtfty. K iaksf`flfty stumy wjulm gaam tj

à ejgmuetam tj matarofga k ojmal thkt fs vfk`la, kgm elakrly maifgam wfth tha pkrtfefpktfgb stkcahjlmars.

Ejggaetfgb Efreulkr Aejgjoy Uhfits wfth Ekgkmks ;1>th kggfvarskry

Ks thara kra trkgsftfjg ojoagts tj ugiraaza fgmfvfmukl àhkvfjurs, wa oust klsj fmagtfiy trkgsftfjg ojoagts

wfthfg tha sjefaty kt lkrba. Fg 0>;2, Ekgkmfkgs kerjss tha ejugtry wfll eala`rkta Ekgkmks ;1>th kggfvarskry.


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Ks kg fopjrtkgt ojoagt fg Ekgkmfkg sjefaty, thfs ejulm à k tfoa tj lkugeh k gktfjgkl fgftfktfva thkt halps

eftfzags tj rafokbfga k gaw gkrrktfva k`jut hjw wa maifga jursalvas, kgm shfit tha gktfjgkl ejgvarsktfjg irjo k

ejgsuoar eultura tj k gaw fmagtfty thkt keealarktas efreulkr ojmas ji ejgsuoptfjg.

^krt FFF. Uhfitfgb Fgmfvfmukl Ykluas kgm @alfais

Fg ejgmuetfgb kg kgklysfs ji tha survay raspjgsas kerjss tha thraa brjup saboagts, ft àekoa avfmagt thkt

whag ft ejoas tj àhkvfjurs ifttfgb wfth parsjgkl àlfais kgm vkluas, Uaboagt Jga, tha Jeeksfjgkl Agthusfkst

fs tha lakst lfcaly tj fmagtfiy thafr parsjgkl àlfais kgm vkluas ks tha prfokry mrfvar ijr thafr ehjsag àhkvfjurs

(oamfkg sejra ji = ks jppjsam tj sejra ji 1 ijr Uaboagts ]wj kgm ]hraa) rabkrmlass ji hjw iraquagtly thay

fgmfektam thay agbkba fg kgy pkrtfeulkr àhkvfjur.

Ijr tha purpjsa ji thfs kgklysfs, ]ha Gaw âgbufg Agblfsh Mfetfjgkry maifgftfjgs kra usam tj maifga àlfais kgm

vkluas3 whara àlfai4 tj ejgsfmar sjoathfgb tj à trua, kgm usa ft ks k bufma ijr ketfjg3 vklua4 k ojrkl

prfgefpla jr stkgmkrm ji àhkvfjur3 ralktfva wjrth, utflfty jr fopjrtkgea. Ujoa ji tha pjsftfva vkluas kgm àlfais

axprassam `y kll thraa saboagts fgeluma4

Uaboagt Jga4 Jeeksfjgkl Agthusfksts

Fopjrtkgea ji àfgb k`la tj tkca ekra ji thfgbs `y rapkfrfgb

Halpfgb jthars tj lakrg hjw tj rapkfr kgm ùflm Masfra tj lakrg hjw tj ifx thfgbs

Papkfrfgb `rfgbs oa `kec tj oy rjjts

Uaboagt ]wj4 Yklua2Ejgsefjus Agthusfkst

^rfma fg mfsplkyfgb kgm shjwfgb jii agvfrjgoagtklly irfagmly prjmuets

Irubklfty ljjcfgb ijr k brakt makl fs fopjrtkgt

Iaalfgb bjjm fg ifgmfgb bjjm vklua - bjjm quklfty ijr bjjm prfea

Halpiulgass fg shkrfgb makls kgm shjppfgb tfps wfth irfagms

Uaboagt ]hraa4 Efreulkr Lfiastylar & Kmvjekta

Lakmfgb `y axkopla

Agejurkbfgb jthars tj shfit àhkvfjurs

Lfvfgb oy vkluas

2Yklua fg thfs ejgtaxt oakgs ikfr raturg jr aqufvklagt ijr sjoathfgb axehkgbam3 tha wjrth fg ojgay jr ejoojmftfas ji sjoathfgb

(]ha Gaw agbufg Agblfsh Mfetfjgkry)


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Ra gaam tj shkra

Bagarkta djy kgm ejoougfty

Ejgeargam k`jut plkgat, ikfr trkma, ate.

Hkta thrjwfgb thfgbs jut


]kppfgb fgtj Axfstfgb Fgmfvfmukl Ykluas

Ks jrbkgfzktfjgs trkgsftfjgfgb tj vkrfjus efreulkr ùsfgass ojmals kgm mavaljpfgb gaw jiiarfgbs bj k`jut

bagarktfgb k vklua prjpjsftfjg thkt ejggaets wfth thafr iutura ejgsuoars, ft fs fopjrtkgt tj ejgsfmar hjw tha

vkluas axprassam `y mfiiaragt saboagts ji tha pjpulktfjg wfll ift fgtj axfstfgb prjpjsftfjgs. ]ha Yklua ^rjpjsftfjg

Ekgvks mavaljpam `y Jstarwklmar, K., ^fbgaur, V., @argkrmk, B., & Uofth, K. (0>;=) axprassas tha fopjrtkgea

ji kgklysfgb eustjoar dj`s, eustjoar bkfgs, kgm eustjoar pkfgs, kgm fg thkt kgklysfs, tha fopjrtkgea ji

kmmrassfgb gjt jgly iugetfjgkl dj`s, ùt klsj sjefkl kgm aojtfjgkl iketjrs.

Fg iket, fg axpart fgtarvfaws wfth jrbkgfzktfjgs prjvfmfgb jiiarfgbs wfthfg efreulkr ùsfgass ojmals, ùsfgassas

hkva klsj shkram hjw thay mavaljpam thafr vklua prjpjsftfjgs ks thay bkfgam k maapar ugmarstkgmfgb ji thafr

eustjoar.

Fmagtfiyfgb Maefsfjgkl ^jfgts ijr Qgiraazfgb @ahkvfjurs

]ha mfiifeulty lfas gjt fg tha gaw fmaks ùt fg asekpfgb irjo jlm jgas, whfeh rkofiy fgtj avary ejrgar ji jur ofgms.

- Djhg Okygkrm Caygas, ;651

K vftkl fgbramfagt ijr ehkgbfgb hk`fts fs tj ugiraaza axfstfgb àhkvfjur `y fmagtfiyfgb gkturkl trkgsftfjg tfoas

(f.a. ojvfgb, hkvfgb k `k`y, bjfgb tj ejllaba, brkmuktfgb, battfgb okrrfam, ate.) Kt sueh pfvjtkl pjfgts,

àhkvfjurkl aejgjofe thajrfsts subbast sjlutfjgs ekg à kpplfam tj agejurkba ojra sustkfgk`la àhkvfjurs fg

tha ojoagt, thus ljecfgb fg agvfrjgoagtklly irfagmly àhkvfjur jvar tha ljgb taro (Krfaly, M., 0>;1)

Fg tha axpart fgtarvfaw wfth FCAK Ekgkmk, @ragmkg Uakla, Uustkfgk`flfty Okgkbar, ejooagtam k`jut trkgsftfjg

tfoas4 Rhag pajpla okca k maefsfjg, k`jut k gaw ejueh jr cftehag, thasa kra tha jppjrtugftfas ijr


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5=

agbkbaoagt. ]hara fs kg jppjrtugfty tj subbast, ehkgba tha ejvar ijr axkopla, ùt mjgt gaeasskrfly ùy k

gaw sjik. Ra gaam tj ifbura jut thfs trkgsftfjg.

Matarofgfgb gkturkl trkgsftfjg tfoas wjulm à jga ji tha gaxt staps ijr ejgtfgufgb tha ejgsuoar

rasakreh.

Uhfitfgb Ykluas irjo Oktarfklfso tj Palktfjgshfps

Fg kmmrassfgb lfofts tj brjwth ehkllagbas ks maserfàm fg ^krt F, wa gaam tj shfit irjo qukgtftktfva tj quklftktfva

brjwth (Ekprk, I., Lufsf, ^. L., 0>;=) whfeh wfll raqufra maap ehkgbas kt tha sjefkl, aejgjofe lavals, kgm

fgmfvfmukl lavals. Ekprk kgm Lufsf (0>;=) aljquagtly fllustrkta tha axtagt ji tha trkgsijroktfjg4

Ft wfll oakg jvarejofgb tha avksfva eulturkl ejgmftfjgfgb ji oktarfklfso kgm turgfgb irjo ifgmfgbsktfsiketfjg fg oktarfkl ejgsuoptfjg tj ifgmfgb ft fg huokg ralktfjgshfps kgm ejoougfty. Ijr ojst ji us,

thfs vklua shfit fs kgythfgb ùt aksy, ks wa kra `jo`krmam mkfly wfth k strako ji kmvartfsfgb oasskbas

kssurfgb us thkt tha keeuoulktfjg ji oktarfkl bjjms fs tha rjykl rjkm tj hkppfgass, tha vary purpjsa ji

jur lfvas.

Dust ks ejgsuoar eultura tjjc k sustkfgam kgm systaoktfe oultf-stkcahjlmar aiijrt tj put ft fg plkea ks maserfàm

fg ^krt F, wa gaam tj à prapkram tj agbkba fg k sfoflkr okbgftuma ji aiijrt tj ugrkval ft.

Fg kgklyzfgb tha survay raspjgsas tj matarofga hjw oueh ji kg fopket àfgb pkrt ji k ejoougfty hks àag sali-

rapjrtam `y tha raspjgmagts, Uaboagt ]hraa - Efreulkr Lfiastylar & Kmvjekta raspjgmagts raspjgsas kppakr tj

à slfbhtly scawam tj àfgb fgiluageam `y àfgb pkrt ji ejoougfty.

Uaboagt ;(G?;1)

Uaboagt 0(G?08)

Uaboagt5(G?0>)

Papkfr 0.> 0.> 0.>

@uy Qsam 0.> 0.> 5.>

Pagt &@jrrjw

5.> 5.> =.>

Uwkp 5.1 =.> =.>

@uy okmairjoraeyelam

=.1 5.> 5.>

]k`la 1 - @afgb krt ji k Ejoougfty Ojtfvktfjgkl Mrfvar irjo Uurvay Paspjgsas


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Fg kmmftfjg, whag tjtkllfgb tha guoàr ji tfoas ejoougfty kgm gafbh`jurs/gafbh`jurhjjm wara oagtfjgam fg

tha raspjgsas, ft wks fgtarastfgb tj mfsejvar thkt Uaboagt Jga, tha guoàr ji oagtfjgs ? >3 Uaboagt ]wj, tha

guoàr ji oagtfjgs ? =3 kgm Uaboagt ]hraa, tha guoàr ji tfoas ejoougfty kgm gafbh`jurs/gafbh`jurhjjm

wara oagtfjgam ? ;9.

Uaboagt ;(G?;1)

Uaboagt 0(G?08)

Uaboagt 5(G?0>)

> = ;9

]k`la 9 - Guoàr ji tfoas Ejoougfty kgm Gafbh`jurs/Gafbh`jurhjjm oagtfjgam fg tha raspjgsas

]ha taehgjljby, tha ùsfgass ojmal, tha jiiar ejulm à thara, ùt fi pajpla kra ugwfllfgb tj pkrtfefpkta, àekusa

tha sjefkl gjros kra gjt suppjrtfgb tha trkgsftfjg, thara fs k thrakt ft wfll raokfg gfeha. Klthjubh wa ekg tkp fgtj

fooamfkta ejst skvfgbs raklfzam fg pkrtfefpktfgb fg sjoa ji tha àhkvfjurs oaksuram fg thfs rasakreh,tj kvjfm k

ra`jugm aiiaet8- wa gaam tj shfit tha bjkl ji tha systao whfeh fgelumas k shfit ji parspaetfva irjo j`daets tj

ralktfjgshfps (Ekprk, I., Lufsf, ^. L., 0>;=).

]hfs fs kg jppjrtugfty ijr stragbthagfgb jur sjefkl gatwjrcs kgm ejoougfty `jgms ijr shfitfgb ejgsuoptfjg

àhkvfjur.

8 Fg ejgsarvktfjg kgm agarby aejgjofes, tha ra`jugm aiiaet (jr tkca-`kec aiiaet) fs tha ramuetfjg fg axpaetam bkfgs irjo gawtaehgjljbfas thkt fgeraksa tha aiifefagey ji rasjurea usa, àekusa ji àhkvfjurkl jr jthar systaofe raspjgsas. Iraquagtly usamwhag tklcfgb k`jut agarby aiifefagey. (Harrfgb, H., 0>>8).


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Ejgelumfgb ]hjubhts kgm ^rjpjsam Gaxt Utaps

Oktarfkl ejgsuoptfjg plkys kg fopjrtkgt rjla fg shkpfgb kgm rafgijrefgb jur fgmfvfmukl fmagtfty kgm ikeflftktfgb jur

ejggaetfjg kgm ralktamgass tj jthars. Kgm ks prjmuetfjg kgm ejgsuoptfjg ji oktarfkls kgm agarby kt tjmkys

rkta fs k sfbgfifekgt iketjr fg mrfvfgb elfokta ehkgba, rasjurea maplatfjg, kgm wksta, tha Efty gaams tj ifgm

lavarkba pjfgts tj agbkba eftfzags fg ramuefgb wksta.

Ejgsuoars/eftfzags hkva kg fopjrtkgt rjla tj plky kerjss tha agtfra prjmuet lfiaeyela - irjo halpfgb tj axtagm tha

usaiul lfia ji k prjmuet, tj prjparly raeyelfgb kgm raturgfgb usam prjmuets kt tha agm-ji-lfia stkba kt tha

kpprjprfkta ratkfl ljektfjg jr mfspjskl ikeflfty.

Okgy ji tha wkys thkt ejgsuoars keeass kgm usa prjmuets fg k efreulkr aejgjoy vkry irjo ejgvagtfjgkl

ejgsuoar àhkvfjurs pravklagt tjmky, kgm wfll raqufra àhkvfjur ehkgbas.

Fts fopjrtkgt tj raoaoàr thkt ks wa ljjc tj fgiluagea kgm ehkgba àhkvfjurs, fgmfvfmukl àhkvfjurs kra maaply

rjjtam fgtj axtargkl ejgtaxts, wfth fgmfvfmukl hk`fts shkpfgb kgm ejgstrkfgfgb jur ehjfeas kgm ketfjgs. Utrktabfas

ijr shfitfgb ejgsuoar àhkvfjurs oust aopkthfza kgm raejbgfza tha vkrfjus axtargkl ejgtaxts kgm fmagtfiy

maefsfjgkl pjfgts ijr ugiraazfgb àhkvfjurs.

Gaxt Utaps ijr Pasakreh

Kitar ejgmuetfgb thfs pralfofgkry rasakreh tj àttar ugmarstkgm àhkvfjurkl mrfvars ijr efreulkr aejgjoy

ejgsuoptfjg pkttargs, ft fs avfmagt thkt vkluk`la fgsfbhts wara bkfgam, ùt tha usar rasakreh ejgmuetam sj ikr fs

jgly tha àbfggfgb. ]ha gaxt prjpjsam staps tj ejgtfgua ejgsuoar/eftfzag rasakreh fgelumas4

Ueklfgb tha rasakreh tj agejopkss k braktar pjpulktfjg ji B]K kerjss oultfpla gafbh`jurhjjms.

Ejopkrfgb ur`kg pjpulktfjgs wfth suùr`kg kgm rurkl pjpulktfjgs tj fmagtfiy ugfqua jppjrtugftfas ijr

agbkbaoagt.

Jgea k stktfstfeklly sfbgfifekgt skopla ji tha pjpulktfjg fs bktharam, axpljra mfiiaragt wkys tj saboagt

tha pjpulktfjg jgea thara fs kmmftfjgkl mktk.


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Oaksurfgb tha spaefife kgtaeamagts ji àhkvfjur tj ugmarstkgm whkt tha sjefkl kgm agvfrjgoagtkl

ejgtaxt fs ijr akeh brjup saboagt tj ehjjsa ejgsuoptfjg àhkvfjurs. Ijr axkopla, ft wks mfsejvaram

thkt eulturkl up`rfgbfgb fs mrfvfgb sjoa pajpla tj rapkfr, kmmftfjgkl rasakreh ejulm halp tj ugejvar whkt

sjoa ji tha jthar eulturkl mrfvars kra.

]ha gaxt stkba ji tha rasakreh wjulm klsj fgeluma trkgsftfjgkl pjfgts ijr ugiraazfgb àhkvfjurs, ks wall

ks mrfvars ijr sustkfgfgb àhkvfjurs.

[ukgtfiyfgb Fopkets

Ft fs raejooagmam thkt tha Efty mavaljps oatrfes tj qukgtfiy fopkets ji ramuefgb kgm rausfgb oktarfkls. Eftfas

sueh ks ^jrtlkgm, Jrabjg thkt hks oaksuram thafr fopket ji rausa, rapkfr, kgm saejgm-hkgm shjppfgb fg taros

ji ifgkgefkl bkfgs (fgelumfgb gaw dj`s), agvfrjgoagtkl bkfgs, ks wall ks sjefkl bkfgs.

^jrtlkgm mavaljpam k eksa axkopla tj oaksura rausa, rapkfr, kgm ragtkl ji oultfpla stuii ektabjrfas fgelumfgb

alaetrjgfes, iurgftura, eljthfgb, kpplfkgeas kgm ate. @ksam jg tha kgklysfs, ^jrtlkgms rausa, rapkfr, kgm ragtkl

saetjrs kra astfoktam tj bagarkta kpprjxfoktaly $;.; `fllfjg fg brjss sklas. Kg astfoktam 0,;>> ifros mfraetly

aopljy kpprjxfoktaly 6,;1> pajpla, raprasagtfgb gakrly ; pareagt ji brjss rabfjgkl prjmuet kgm aopljyoagt.

]hasa fgmustrfas suppjrt kmmftfjgkl dj`s fg ralktam saetjrs.

]ha rapkfr, rausa, kgm ragtkl fgmustrfas fg ^jrtlkgm rasultam fg skvfgbs ji jvar =;8,>>> oatrfe tjgs ji EJ0a jr

tha aqufvklagt ji tkcfgb 88,>>> ekrs jii tha rjkm ijr k yakr. ]hasa fgmustrfas wara klsj astfoktam tj kvjfm gakrly

=> cfljbrkos ji 0,=-M tjxfe aqufvklagt mfsehkrbam tj irashwktar. Axelumfgb tha kutjojtfva-ralktam ektabjrfas, tha

raokfgfgb rapkfr, rausa, kgm ragtkl fgmustrfas fg ^jrtlkgm kra astfoktam tj kvjfm tha aofssfjgs ji ;;9,>>> oatrfe

tjgs ji EJ0a (aqufvklagt tj ojra thkg 0=,>>> ekrs) kgm ;0 cfljbrkos ji tjxfe aqufvklagts. (Eksekmfk Ejgsultfgb

Brjup, 0>;=)


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K`jut tha Kuthjr

Csagfk @agfikgm fs k rasakrehar kgm systaos fggjvktfjg strktabfst. Uha hks

spagt klojst k maekma halpfgb jrbkgfzktfjgs okp, gkvfbkta, kgm tkecla

ejoplax agvfrjgoagtkl kgm sjefkl ehkllagbas, ugejvarfgb jppjrtugftfas ijr

fggjvktfjg, kgm keealarktfgb eulturkl shfits. Uha hks wjrcam wfth

jrbkgfzktfjgs sueh ks ^&B Ekgkmk, ]M @kgc Brjup, Ekgkmfkg @usfgass ijr

Ujefkl Paspjgsf`flfty (E@UP)3 Ijruo ijr tha Iutura, ks wall ks guoarjus

jthars kerjss k wfma rkgba ji saetjrs.

Jvar tha lkst iaw yakrs sha hks àag axpljrfgb kgm masfbgfgb ijr tha Efreulkr Aejgjoy trkgsftfjg4 fmagtfiyfgb

efreulkr ejgsuoptfjg pkttargs, oaksurfgb ojtfvktfgb mrfvars kgm kmjptfjg `krrfars, kgm ljjcfgb tj gktura ijr

sustkfgk`la masfbg pkttargs thkt ekg à utflfzam fg jur ùsfgass ojmals kgm aejgjofe systaos.

Csagfk fs kg OMas, Utrktabfe Ijrasfbht & Fggjvktfjg brkmukta. ]hfs rasakreh wks suòfttam tj JEKM Qgfvarsfty

fg pkrtfkl iuliflloagt ji tha raqufraoagts ijr tha mabraa ji Okstar ji Masfbg (OMas).

Csagfkswjrc ekg à ijugm kthttp4//csagfk-àgfikgm.ijrokt.ejo/

Ijr [uastfjgs jr Ejooagts4

Csagfk ekg à rakeham ktCsagfkNkajgstrktabfas.ejojr =;9.=5=.992=
http://ksenia-benifand.format.com/http://ksenia-benifand.format.com/http://ksenia-benifand.format.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://ksenia-benifand.format.com/


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Kppagmfx K - Iull Uejpa ji Pasakreh

]ha pramjofgkgt oathjmjljby usam ijr thfs rasakreh prjdaet wks tha Masfbg ]hfgcfgb oathjm mavaljpam kt tha

Utkgijrm m.sehjjl. Murfgb tha Aopkthfza stkba, kgm agvfrjgoagtkl sekg wks ejgmuetam, ks wall ks

j`sarvktfjgs, axpart fgtarvfaws, jg-lfga survay, fg-sftu (fg-parsjg) survay, kgm wjrcshjps.

Uaof-strueturam Axpart Fgtarvfaws

Fg thfs phksa ji tha rasakreh saof-strueturam fgtarvfaws wfth su`daet okttar axparts wara ejgmuetam. ]ha su`daet

okttar axparts fgelumam rasakrehars, wksta okgkbaoagt fgmustry axparts, sustkfgk`la ejgsuoptfjg kgm efreulkr

aejgjoy axparts3 ks wall ks raprasagtktfvas irjo ijr prjift kgm gjg-prjift jrbkgfzktfjgs thkt kra trkgsftfjgfgb tj

jr jparktfgb efreulkr aejgjoy ùsfgass ojmals fg Ekgkmk. ]ha fgtarvfaws wara ejgmuetam fg jrmar tj àttar

ugmarstkgm whkt ft wjulm tkca tj trkgsftfjg fgtj efreulkr ojmas ji ejgsuoptfjg kgm halp tj fmagtfiy àhkvfjurs ji

ejgsuoars ketfvaly pkrtfefpktfgb fg gaw ojmas ji ejgsuoptfjg. ]ha fgtarvfaws wara klsj ejgmuetam tj bkthar

eksa stumfas kgm strktabfas ijr mavaljpfgb kg ketfjg plkg ijr seklfgb efreulkr ojmals ji ejgsuoptfjg.


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Ejgsuoar Uurvay

K ejgsuoar survay wks mavaljpam tj bkfg k maapar ugmarstkgm ji why usars kra agbkbam fg efreulkr pkttargs ji

ejgsuoptfjg àhkvfjurs. Fgspfram `y tha fgtabrktam kttftuma-àhkvfjur-ejgtaxt ojmal mavaljpam `y Utarg (0>>>)

tj okca sagsa ji usar àhkvfjur (Dkecsjg, ]., 0>>1), tha survay quastfjgs wara mavaljpam fg kg kttaopt tj

oaksura tha axtagt ji fgiluagea mrfvag `y kttftumas kgm vkluas3 ejgtaxtukl jr sftuktfjgkl iketjrs3 sjefkl

fgiluageas3 kgm parsjgkl ekpk`flftfas. Uurvay raspjgmagts wara kscam tj sali-kssass tha iraquagey ji

pkrtfefpktfgb fg àhkvfjurs, tj qukgtfiy thafr parsjgkl ojtfvktfjgkl mrfvars ijr ehjjsfgb tj pkrtfefpkta fg k

àhkvfjur, kgm tj fmagtfiy pjtagtfkl pareafvam jr rakl fgstftutfjgkl, sjefkl gjro kgm vkluas-`ksam `krrfars thkt

hfgmars thafr pkrtfefpktfjg.

^KP]FEF^KG] EPF]APFK

]ha survay erftarfk fgelumas pajpla whj ehjsa tj pkrtfefpkta fg kt lakst jga ji tha ijlljwfgb ojmas ji

ejgsuoptfjg fgstakm ji ùyfgb k gaw prjmuet4 laksfgb/ragtfgb/`jrrjwfgb (axaoplfiyfgb taopjrkry jwgarshfp)3

ùyfgb saejgm hkgm (rausfgb)3 swkppfgb kgm ra-bfitfgb (klsj rausfgb)3 ùyfgb ftaos okma jut ji raeyelam/rausam

oktarfkl3 kgm rapkfrfgb (axtagmfgb tha lfiatfoa ji prjmuets). Gj jthar maojbrkphfe ehkrketarfstfes wara j`lfbktjry

fg tha pkrtfefpkgt erftarfk.

OA]HJMJLJBV

]ha survay wks mapljyam wfth tha halp ji ijur jrbkgfzktfjgs4 ]ha ]jrjgtj ]jjl Lf`rkry3 ]jrjgtj Papkfr Eki3

Ikshfjg ]kcas Ketfjg3 kgm Ejllk`jrktfva Ejgsuoptfjg ]jrjgtj, kgm wks kvkflk`la jg-lfga kgm ejgmuetam fg-

parsjg kt pra-salaetam ljektfjgs.

]ha jg-lfga survay wks hjstam jg tha lfoasarvfea.ejo, k survay sarvfea-plktijro, kgm mapljyam `y pkrtfefpktfgb

jrbkgfzktfjgs tj thafr oaoàr/eustjoar `ksa wfth tha ejoplfkgea tj tha iamarkl mfbftkl prfvkey ket (ejopkgfas

hkm pravfjusly j`tkfgam parofssfjg tj ejgtket tha pjtagtfkl pkrtfefpkgts thrjubh aokfl) jr pjstam jg thafr

jrbkgfzktfjgkl Ikea`jjc keejugts ijr thafr oaoàrs/eustjoars tj saa. @aijra keeassfgb kgm ejoplatfgb tha

survay, akeh pkrtfefpkgt wks prasagtam wfth tha ejgsagt ijro maserf`fgb tha prjdaet kgm k`jut mktk

ejgifmagtfklfty kgm kgjgyofty. Kt kgy pjfgt, murfgb thfs axparfagea, tha pkrtfefpkgts hkm tha jptfjg tj aokfl tha

rasakrehar thafr quastfjgs jr raquasts ijr elkrfifektfjg. @aijra stkrtfgb, pkrtfefpkgts prjvfmam thafr ejgsagt `y

elfecfgb jg k ehaec okrc.


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]ha fg-parsjg fgtareapt fgtarvfaws tjjc plkea kt k Papkfr Eki avagt ljektam kt tha Ucflls ijr Ehkgba

Ejoougfty Eagtar, Ut. Elkfr Rast ljektfjg fg ]jrjgtj kgm kt ]ha ]jrjgtj ]jjl Lf`rkry, Mkgijrth Akst ljektfjg.

]ha survay pkrtfefpkgts hkm k ehkgea tj ravfaw tha ejgsagt ijro kgm ksc kgy elkrfiyfgb quastfjgs àijra

kgswarfgb kgy survay quastfjgs. @jth tha jg-lfga survay kgm tha fgtareapt survay spaefifam fg tha ejgsagt ijro

thkt tha pkrtfefpkgts hkm tj à ;8+ tj mj tha survay, kgm pkrt ji thafr ejgsagt wks tj ejgifro thkt thay kra fg iket

;8 yakrs ji kba jr k`jva.

Gafthar tha gkoas ji tha pkrtfefpkgts gjr kgy ji thafr parsjgkl fmagtfifars sueh ks aokfl jr kmmrass wara

kscam gjr raejrmam. ]ha jrbkgfzktfjgs prjvfmfgb thafr stjra ljektfjgs ijr tha fgtareapt survay wfll gjt hkva

keeass tj fgmfvfmukl mktk. ^krtfefpkgts mfm gjt shkra thafr gkoas gjr ejgtket fgijroktfjg, uglass thay spaefifeklly

raquastam tj à ejgtketam wfth tha ifgkl rasakreh rapjrt.

^KP]FEF^K]FGB JPBKGFTK]FJGU

]ha ]jrjgtj ]jjl Lf`rkry4 fs kg fgftfktfva ji ]ha Fgstftuta ijr k Pasjurea-@ksam Aejgjoy (FP@A), k rabfstaram

Ekgkmfkg gjg-prjift. ]ha ]jrjgtj tjjl lf`rkry klljws kgyjga wfth k oaoàrshfp tj sfbg-jut tjjls ijr hjoa kgm/jr

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Lf`rkry.

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Documents

Addressing Toronto’s Long-Term Waste Issues – Shifting Mainstream Consumption Patterns towards a Circular Economy Transition