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Seed Increase and Phytosanitary Assessment of Quarantined and Tropically- Adapted Genetic Resources. Adolfo Quiles and Ricardo Goenaga USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) Mayagüez, Puerto Rico WEBSITE: http//:www.ars-grin.gov/may. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Adolfo Quiles and Ricardo Goenaga USDA-ARS
Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS)Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
WEBSITE: http//:www.ars-grin.gov/may
Seed Increase and Phytosanitary Assessment of Quarantined and Tropically- Adapted Genetic Resources
Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) MISSION
• ASSESS TROPICAL SORGHUM AND DRY BEAN GENETIC
RESOURCES FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE AND GENETIC
DIVERSITY AND DEVELOP GERMPLASM ADAPTED TO
TEMPERATE REGIONS.
• INTRODUCE, PRESERVE, EVALUATE, REGENERATE,
DISTRIBUTE TROPICAL FRUIT GERMPLASM AND DEVELOP
CULTURAL AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR
TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL CROPS.
TROPICAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH STATION (TARS)
• FOUNDED IN 1901.• BECAME PART OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE (1961)• PART OF THE U.S. NATIONAL PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM (NPGS)
MIAMI, FL.
1593 km
Regeneration sites
CRIS Project: 6635-21000-046-00D
Title: Seed Increase and Phytosanitary Assessment of Quarantined and Tropically- Adapted Genetic Resources
Overall Goal of the Project: To move Zea and Sorghum accessions through quarantine and to increase seed of selected genera of photoperiod sensitive crops thereby increasing genetic diversity within the collections.
Objectives: 1) Increase seed and conduct phytosanitary assessments for more than 1,000 NPGS
Sorghum and Zea accessions which are subject to quarantine restrictions, so as to make additional certified, pathogen-tested seeds available to users.
2) Regenerate approximately 8,000 NPGS accessions with few seeds, low viabilities, and adaptations to equatorial latitudes and long-seasons, emphasizing Sorghum, Zea, Vigna, Cucurbita, Leucaena, and Psophocarpus. Record key agronomic traits such as host-plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
-- Work conducted in very close collaboration with Dr. John Erpelding, Sorghum Curator; Mr. Mark Millard, Corn Curator, Dr. Gary Pederson, Acting Cowpea Curator, Dr. Bob Jarret, Cucurbits Curator and Dr. Brad Morris, Special-purpose Legumes Curator.
ROLE OF CURATORS FOR SEED REGENERATION
• SET PRIORITIES FOR GERMPLASM TO BE GROWN.
• REQUEST SEED FROM NATIONAL CENTER FOR GENETIC RESOURCES PRESERVATION (NCGRP), NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL PI STATION (NCRPIS) OR PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES CONSERVATION UNIT(PGRCU).
• NCGRP, NCRPIS OR PGRCU PERSONNEL SEND SEED TO ST. CROIX OR TO MAYAGUEZ.
• HARVESTED SEED RETURNED TO PI STATIONS.
AGROECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OFST. CROIX
• ISLAND IS 22 MILES LONG AND 6 MILES WIDE
• SOIL: CLAYEY, CALCAREOUS SEDIMENTS OVER SOFT LIMESTONE OR MARL WITH pH OF 8.0 OR HIGHER
• AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL: 112 CENTIMETERS (44 INCHES)
• MONTHLY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE: 27 TO 30 °C
• MONTHLY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE: 22 TO 25 °C
APHIS QUARANTINE PROTOCOL (REQUIREMENTS OF APHIS DEPARTMENTAL PERMIT #60668)
PREPLANTING
• SEED RECEIVED FROM FT. COLLINS, TREATED WITH 1.58% Na0Cl.
• ANNUAL DISEASE SURVEY CONDUCTED BY ARS AND APHISPATHOLOGISTS.
GROWING SEASON
• APHIS AND ARS PATHOLOGISTS CONDUCT INSPECTION FORPROHIBITED DISEASES.
REQUIREMENTS OF APHIS DEPARTMENTAL PERMIT #60668 (CONT.)
HARVEST
• APHIS AND ARS PATHOLOGISTS CONDUCT INSPECTION BEFORE HARVESTING OPERATION BEGIN.
• ARS PERSONNEL HARVEST SEED UPON APPROVAL OF PATHOLOGISTS.
• SEED IS SENT TO REGIONAL PLANT INTRODUCTION STATIONS.
• PLANT RESIDUES ARE DISPOSED OF BY DEEP PLOWING.
• PLOT REMAIN UNUSED FOR THREE YEARS.
YEARLY GROWOUTS
Sorghum Plantings: September – January (St. Croix) Corn Planting: May (St. Croix) Cowpea Planting: September (Isabela) Leucaena: September (St. Croix) Winged bean: September (St. Croix) Cucurbits: September (Isabela)
SORGHUM DESCRIPTORSVigor Sprouting Tillering Midrib color Anthesis HeightF. L. height B.o.P. height Pan.
exsertionMidrib color Juicy/dry midrib Pan. lengthP. erectness Height unif. Plant colorSt. waxiness Rust incidence Anth. incidenceYield potential Desirability
CORN DESCRIPTORSEar height
Height to peduncleTotal plant height
Tassel type Ears/stalkTillers/stalkNodes/plant
Nodes above earShank length
COWPEA DESCRIPTORSFlowering Flower color Leaf shape Maturity Plant habit Plant heightDry pod color Pod length Pod placePod position Pods/peduncle Seed coat colorSeed pattern Seed production Seed shapeSeed size Seed texture Harvest dateSeed patt. color
CUCURBITS DESCRIPTORS
Fruit color Fruit diameter Fruit length Fruit shape Fruit spotting Fruit surfaceStripe color Sd. cavity color Unif. of colorUnif. of F. shape Unif. of F. size Unif. of F.
surfaceMaturity Fruit set Fruit weightLongi. grooves
Sorghum seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Germplasm Introduction Research Unit
Quarantine Increase Non-quarantine IncreaseYear Planted Harvested Planted Harvested Distribution
1987 -1999 6292 5814 8201 7915 PGRCU
2000 490 486 -- -- PGRCU
2001 1310 1290 493 407 PGRCU
2002 420 418 1415 1388 PGRCU
2003 -- -- 2100 2008 PGRCU
2004 420 417 2100 2037 PGRCU
2005 420 417 1260 1218 PGRCU
2006 420 399 2520 2487 PGRCU
2007 420 420 1260 1230 PGRCU
2008 420 382 1260 1259 PGRCU
2009 224 pending 1456 pending PGRCU
TOTAL 10612 10043 20599 19949
Grand Total 31211 29992
Corn seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Germplasm Introduction Research Unit
Quarantine Increase Non-quarantine IncreaseYear Planted Harvested Planted Harvested Destination
1989 -1999 1185 1118 774 756 NCRPIS 2000 -- -- -- --
NCRPIS
2001 -- -- 34 34 NCRPIS
2002 29 29 -- -- NCRPIS
2003 -- -- 42 42 NCRPIS
2004 42 42 -- -- NCRPIS
2005 54 54 -- -- NCRPIS
2006 61 61 -- -- NCRPIS
2007 126 106 -- -- NCRPIS
2008 185 162 -- -- NCRPIS
2009 116 103 -- -- NCRPIS
TOTAL 1798 1675 850 832 GRAND TOTAL 3480 2507
Cowpea seedstock (non-quarantined) production at the Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit and Isabela Research Farm
Accessions AccessionsYear Planted Harvested Destination1995 102 66 PGRCU1996 31 29 PGRCU1996 23 20 PGRCU1997 6 4 PGRCU1998 30 23 PGRCU1999 6 6 PGRCU2000 50 50 PGRCU2001 51 51 PGRCU2002 51 51 PGRCU2003 52 52 PGRCU2004 52 51 PGRCU2005 52 44 PGRCU2006 52 52 PGRCU2007 52 51 PGRCU2008 52 52 PGRCU2009 52 52 PGRCU
TOTAL 714 602
Leucaena seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit
Accessions AccessionsYear Planted Harvested Destination
2004 15 14 PGRCU
2005 20 19 PGRCU
2006 20 19 PGRCU
2007 10 10 PGRCU
2008 20 13 PGRCU
2009 20 Pending PGRCU
TOTAL 85 75
Cucurbit seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Research Isabela Farm
Accessions AccessionsYear Planted Harvested Destination 2003 4 3 PGRCU
2004 12 5 PGRCU
2005 8 4 PGRCU
2006 12 4 PGRCU
2007 13 8 PGRCU
2008 16 4 PGRCU
2009 12 Pending PGRCU
TOTAL 65 28
Winged bean seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit
Accessions AccessionsYear Planted Harvested Destination
2004 15 13 PGRCU
2005 20 4 PGRCU
2006 2 2 PGRCU
2007 0 0 PGRCU
2008 20 20 PGRCU
2009 20 Pending PGRCU
TOTAL 57 39
Pearl Millet seedstock production at the Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit
Accessions AccessionsYear Planted Harvested Destination 1996 231 230 PGRCU
1997 210 174 PGRCU
1998 196 193 PGRCU
1998 210 210 PGRCU
1999 239 239 PGRCU
TOTAL 1086 1046