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8/16/2019 Advance traumatic live support
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Advanced Trauma Life Support(ATLS)
Priscilla F. Budiarti 1115147
ulianti T!a"#adi 111515$
%"ristine An&elina 11151$'
aniel i *u&ro"o 11151$4
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+nitial Assessment• Persiapan
• Triase• Primar# surver# (AB%,)
• -esusitasi
• Tama"an primar# surve# dan resusitasi• Secondar# surve#/ pemeri0saan "ead to
toe dan anamnesis
• Tama"an secondar# surve#
• Pemantauan dan reevaluasi erlan!ut
• Penan&anan de2nitive
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Persiapan
Fase Pra -uma" Sa0it
• Pen!a&aan Aira#
• 3ontrol perdara"an dan s#o0• +moilisasi penderita
• Pen&iriman 0e -S terde0at
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Fase -uma" Sa0it
• Perlen&0apan aira# (larin&os0op/
endotrac"eal tue ds.) suda"dipersiap0an
• %airan 0ristaloid
• Perlen&0apan monitorin&• Tena&a medi0 tama"an
• Tena&a laoratorium dan radiolo&i
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Triase
• %ara pemila"an penderitaerdasar0an 0eutu"an terapi dansumer da#a #an& tersedia.idasar0an pada 0eutu"an AB%
• Pemila"an penderita di lapan&an danruma" sa0it #an& a0an diru!u0
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Primar# Surve#
A Aira#/ den&an 0ontrolservi0al
B Breat"in&
% %irculation den&an 0ontrol
Perdara"an
isailit# status neurolo&is
, ,posure6,nvironmental
control 6
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enilai !alan
nafas • L+8AT L993 – Gerak dada & perut – Tanda distres nafas – Warna mukosa, kulit – Kesadaran
• ,*:A- L+ST,* – Gerak udara nafas
dengan telinga• -ABA F,,L
– Gerak udara nafasdengan pipi
– Apakah trakhea berada ditengah
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( Look - Listen - Feel )
A+-;A
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A aira#
• Sadar a!a0 icara
– !i0a suara !elas
aira# eas
• Tida0 ada nafas
– eri0an nafas uatan
– eri0an o0si&en
• Ta0 sadar eas0an !alannafas (c"in lift/ "ead tilt)
• Ada nafas< (li"at/ den&ar/raa nafas)
• Ada nafas
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Korban sadar atau tidak ?
Ada suara tambaan?!enden"kur# berkumur dll
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• =i0a pasien sadar/ a!a0 icara – icara !elas > ta0 ada sumatan
• Beri0an o0si&en (!i0a ada)• =a&a tulan& le"er
– arin& datar/ a!a" 0e depan/ le"er posisinetral
– tida0 ole" dila0u0an e0stensi/ ?e0si atau
rotasi le"er• *ilai apa0a" !alan nafas eas
– ada0a" suara snorin&/ &ar&lin&/ croin&
$
%&'&'A* +A!A
,ALA AFA* ./.A*
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Tanda sumatan 6
ostru0simenden&0ur pan&0al lida" (snorin&)suara er0umur cairan (&ar&lin&)
stridor 0e!an& 6 edema pita suara
(croin&)
&elisa" (0arena "ipo0sia)
&era0 otot nafas tama"an
&era0 dada @ perut parado0salsianosis
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!AK'
%A&A
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emeas0an !alan nafas
• Sumatan pan&0al lida" – !a t"rust
– c"in lift
– pipa orop"ar#n
– pipa nasop"ar#n
– Aira# de2nitif(intuasi@crico)
• Bersi"0an cairan
– pen&"isap 6 suction
• Sumatan di plicavocalis
– cricot"#roidotom# 11
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Korban tak sadar→ an"an diberi bantal
→ an"an di"anal bau
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CHIN LIFT
HEAD TILTHEAD TILT jangan dilakukan pada trauma
X
X
NECK LIFT X
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15ara alin" aman ,A &+*
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9rop"ar#n&eal tue
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Jangan dipasang jika G! " #$
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*asop"ar#n&ealtue
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Tidak merangsang muntah
%atihati pasien dengan fraktura basis 'ranii
() de*asa + mm atau jari kelingking kanan
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.A*'* &A''
ata nasoarn9
tulan" tiis muda ata
+./ naso-arn"eal
%li:a
;o:alis ri:otroidotom
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1$
Previously recommended hand
positions for manual in-line
stabilisation of the cervical
spine.
Currently recommended hand
positions for manual in-line
stabilisation of the cervical
spine.
Lindun"i leer dari "erakan
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mmobilisasi leher sejak tempat kejadian
inline immobilisation dan 'ollar bra'e
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Aira# de2nitive
• ipasan& apaila terdapat penemuan
apnea
tida0 ada cara lain ut0 perta"an0anaira#
utu" ut0 lindun&i aira# dari dara"dan munta"an
:%S
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• an& dapat dila0u0an adala"
pipa orotra0eal
pipa nasotra0eal aira# sur&ical (cricot"#roidotom#dan tra0eostomi)
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Larin&os0opi u6 intuasi trac"ea(de2nitive aira#/ palin& efe0tif)
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eedle ri:otroidotom
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90si&enasi
• Terai0 mas0er a!a" #& mele0at0etat
• Seai0n#a dipasan& Pulse o#meterCsaturasi D5E u0ti 0uat o0si&enasiarterial perifer #& ade0uat
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Breat"in&
enilai pernafasan• Loo0 Li"at gerak dada, 'uping hidung, sela
iga• Listen en&ar suara nafas, suara tambahan
• Feel -aa udara nafas keluar hidung mulut
• Palpasi gerak dada, simetris -
• Per0usi 3etu0 .edup - %ipersonor - !imetris <
• Aus0ultasi (stetos0op) !uara nafas ada-
!imetris - 2$
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Ada nafas<
*afas normal ataudistres<
• Tida0 ada nafas eri nafasuatan 9G
• Ada nafas sen&alsen&al erinafas uatan 9G
• Ada nafas cepat H G5/ &era0
cupin& "idun&/ retra0si intercosta eri 9G siap0an nafas uatan
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1<
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/erikan nafas buatan, tambahkan oksigen
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Tanda distres nafas
• *afas dan&0al cepat
• :era0 cupin& "idun&
• Tari0an sela i&a 6 otot
le"er• *adi cepat
• 8ipotensi
• Iena le"er distensi• Sianosis
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*afas uatan
• 1GG' 6 menit/ sampai dada tampa0teran&0at
• dieri0an ila nafas anormal
(tida0 menun&&u sampai apnea dulu)
• den&an tama"an o0si&en (!i0a ada)
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%irculation
34
Volume darah dan cardiac output
• in"kat kesadaran• arna Kulit
• adi
Perdarahan
• /ksternal entikan den"an enekanan ada luka<
• %endaraan internal (tidak terliat) erdaraan dalam
ron""a toraks# abdomen# sekitar =raktur dari tulan"
anan"# retro-eritoneal
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%irculation
Aaka ada tanda dan "eala sok dan enti antun"<:e!ala s#o0
•3ulit pucat dan din&in
• Ta0i0ardi•Ber0uran&n#a urin
•:an&&uan 0esadaran
• Turunn#a te0anan dara"
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HENTI JANTUNG
• S#o0 erat.
• enari0 napas satu atau dua 0alisetela" itu a0an er"enti ernapas
• Tida0 sadar.
• Peraaan nadi tida0 ditemu0an den#utarteri 0arotis.
• 8arus dila0u0an resusitasi !antun& paru
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isailit#
,valuasi ter"adap 0eadaan neurolo&is
• Tin&0at 0esadaran d&n metoda AIPJ
A Alert (sadar)
I -espons ter"adap ran&san&an vo0al(suara)
P -espons ter"adap ran&san&an n#eri
(pain)J Jnresponsive (tida0 ada respons)
• :%S (:las&o %oma Scale)
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,posure
• emu0a 0eseluru"an pa0aianden&an cara men&&untin& untu0memeri0sa dan evaluasi penderita.
• Jsa"a0an penderita tida00edin&inan.
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TAMBAHAN PADA PRIMARY SURVEYDAN RESUSITASI
• onitor ,3:
• 3ateter Jrin
• onitor TTI• -ont&en
• Lainlain JS: Adomen
3$
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Secondar# Surve#
• Anamnesis
-ia#at KAPL,K
A Aler&i
edi0asi (oat #an& diminum saat ini)P Past illness (pen#a0it
pen#erta)6Pre&nanc#
L Last meal
, ,vent6environment (lin&0un&an) #an&er"uun&an den&an 0e!adianperlu0aan
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• Trauma tumpul
• Trauma ta!am
• Perlu0aan 0arena su"u panas6din&in• Ba"an era"a#a
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TAMBAHAN PADA SECONDARYSURVEY
Foto tama"an dari• Tulan& ela0an& serta e0stremitas/
• %Tscan
• JS: transesofa&eal• Bron0"oscopi
• ,sofa&oscopi
Semua prosedur ini an!andi"a#u#an se$e"um %emodinami#
penderi&a s&a$i".
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-e,valuasi
onitorin& tanda vital/ input cairandan output urin
Bila penderita dalam 0eadaan 0ritisdapat dipa0ai pulse oximetry danend-tidal CO2 monitoring.
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Medical Emergency
erai >e=initi= >ilakukan setela rimar sur;e dan
se:ondar sur;e %asien suda stabil
!edikamentosa- Konser;ati=
- &adikal sur"i:al
- dll sesuai ermasalaan
TERAPI DE'INITI'
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TERAPI DE'INITI'
Jntu0 0eputusan meru!u0 penderitadapat dipa0ai Interhospital TriageCriteria, yaitu :
• ata 2siolo&is penderita
• %edera anatomis
• e0anisme perlu0aan
• Pen#a0it pen#erta
• Fa0tor #an& dapat merua" pro&nosis