Advanced Design SystemAdvanced Design System

Guan-Sung Li

ADS IntroductionADS Basic SimulationADS MomentumExample

ADS Windows

•Main Window•Schematic Window•Layout Window•Data Display Window

Main Window

These directories are empty until you create the schematics,simulate to produce data, and display the results.

When you are in a project,these icons are active foropening the windows!!

Create A New Project

Greeting dialog

Create new project command or icon

Menu commandsToolbar icons

Archive Project & UnArchive Project

•Archive files become *.zap files.•They can include all networks, data,and display files.

Schematic Window (1)

•Use icon to create,open, and save designs. •Zoom in/out and view all icon

•Move, Copy and Delete (ctrl+C....)

Component History:Type the name=get

the component!!

Schematic Window (2)

Insert VAR:Variable Equation

Activate/Deactivatetoggle icon

Insert Wire/Pin Label

Edit components to seeand modify parametervalues.

Push/Pop For Sub-circuits

Component Library

Select the part and it isattached to your cursor,

ready to insert.

FIND and part of searchthe Internet for parts.

Design kits – Install

Design kits - Murata ComponentMurata

component

LWQ18A series

ADS IntroductionADS Basic SimulationADS MomentumExample

Basic Simulation Flow (S_Parameter)

Create a schematic

Simula

te

Display Data

Simulation Status Window:Simulation info: message, error, etc…

Simulation controller

Simulation Controller (S_Parameter)

Click the gear and insert the controller.

frequency is the sweptvariable here!!

Display tab lists all the settings for on screen play.

Data ItemThe 1-port S-parameters are assumed to be measured with pin 1 as the input, and pin 2 (Ref) as the common terminal.

• The Ref node is normally grounded.

8720ESData format:*.f1

• File Type:1.Touchstone2.Datasat3.CITI-file4.Value

Simulation Information: Status Window

If there is a warning,it will appear here!!

One way to stop a simulation, click:Simulation/Synthesis>Stop Simulation

A successful simulation results in a dataset

Data Display Window (1)

Data Marker

Zoom in/out

Data Display Window (2)

Steps:(1) Insert the plot, list or equation.(2) Select the data or equations.(3) Trace Option – edit data or plot(4) Save/name the DDS windows.

Export Data (SNP)

Export Data (Data)

ADS ToolTuning Parameters (1)

ADS ToolTuning Parameter (2)

ADS ToolSmart Simulation Wizard (1)

ADS ToolSmart Simulation Wizard (2)

ADS ToolSmith Char Utility

ADS ToolLineCalc

ADS IntroductionADS Basic SimulationADS MomentumExample

Momentum Process

ADSInterface

MOMInterface

1-a. Schematic with artwork1-b. Layout artwork2. Define the substrate3. Mesh and Solve4. Display

Creating a Layout from Schematic

•Schematic components must have artwork that can transfer to layout.•If not, draw the geometry or import the artwork into ADS layout.

Momentum Window (1)

Component Palette

Palette ListComponent

HistoryCurrent insertion

layer

Drawing Area

The name of the current insertionlayer is displayed in the toolbar and in the status bar.

Unit Type ofDesign

Momentum Window (2)In a Layout window, this is done by placing a trace between the component (in the same way a wire is used in the Schematic window).

With each shape, you can either click and drag to place it, or define points by coordinate entry (choose the shape, then choose Insert > Coordinate Entry).

Snap toolbar

Use the Layers window, that is opened when a Layout window is opened andselect a name in the list of currently defined layers.

Layout Window

After the geometry and ports are in place, you areready to use these commands:• Enable regular Momentum or Momentum RF.• Substrate layer and metal/slot/via layer definitions.• Port type and impedance settings.• Mesh patterns defined and cleared.•Simulation S-parameter setups, including datasets.•Visualize currents and radiation patterns.•Save files for use in a 3D tool.

Selecting the Correct Mode

• Use Momentum (microwave) mode for designs requiring full-wave electromagnetic simulations that “include microwave radiation effects”.

• You might also choose Momentum RF mode for quick simulations on new microwave models that can “ignore radiation effects”, and to conserve computer resources.

Momentum Mode

Substrate• This is provides information about creating, modifying and editing a substrate.

※Choose Momentum > Substrate > Update From Schematic to update a substrate under the following conditions:

• You have used a substrate component on a schematic, such as MSUB or SSUB.

• You have already generated a layout from the schematic using Layout > Generate/Update Layout

• If you intend to precompute a mesh before you simulate, you must precomputethe substrate first.

※The steps for defining a substrate include: • Defining the substrate layers• Mapping the layout layers to metallization layers

• Specifying metallization layer conductivity• Solving the substrate

Substrate Create/Modify※A substrate definition is made up of “substrate layers”

and “metallization layers”:• Substrate layers define the dielectric media, ground planes,

covers, air or other layered material.

• Metallization layers are the conductive layers in between the substrate layers, and they are used in conjunction with the layout layers.

Substrate 1

Substrate 2

Air

Ground

Substrate Layers

Strip (metal) or slot (located at the interface of two substrates)

Strip (metal) or slot

Via extends through substrate

Metallization Layers

Defining Interface Layer (Substrate Layer)

※If this is a new definition, three default layers appear in the Substrate Layers Field:

• Free_space (top plane)• Alumina (dielectric)• GND (bottom plane)

permittivity of all dielectrics is assumed to becomplex:

which can also be expressed as:

where is the real portion of and is the dielectric loss tangent.

Permittivity(ε) format

Permeability(μ)format

Open Boundary (finite)

Closed Boundary (0)

Defining Interface Layer (Metallization Layers)1. Select the Substrate interface -------

and then select the layout drawing layer(metal drawing layer).

3. Specify Strip or Slot between 2 interfaces or a Via through a substrate layer.

2. Specify the Type, Thickness and Conductivity.

Via Simulation Models※There are three simulation models available for via objects in Momentum : • 2D Distributed Model• Lumped Model (ADS 2006A)• 3D Distributed Model (ADS 2006A)

※ Lumped Model :• The self and mutual capacitances are NOT included.• The mutual inductances are NOT included.• Frequency dependent skin effects are NOT included.

※ 2D Distributed Model :• Only the vertical component of the via current is modeled.• using vertical oriented rooftop functions. • The via self and mutual inductances. (vertical currents only)

and capacitances are included in the simulation.

※ 3D Distributed Mode : • Both the horizontal and vertical components of the via

current are modeled, using horizontal and vertical oriented rooftop functions.

• The via resistance and skin effect are included using the surface impedance formulation.

• All the via self and mutual inductances and capacitances are included in the simulation.

3D Expansion For Thick Conductors

• Conductors with finite thickness can be modeled in Momentum using the 3D metal expansion feature.

• Use Thick conductor when Height/Width ratio > a factor of 5.• Does not work for slot layers.• Thick metal increases the simulation time.

Overlap Precedence

• Overlap precedence specifies which layout layer has precedence over another if two or more layout layers are assigned to the same metallization layer and objects on the metallization layer overlap.

• If you do not set the precedence, and there are overlapping objects, a mesh will automatically and arbitrarily be created, with no errors reported.

• Precedence affects only how the mesh is created, it does not affect or alter the layout layers in your design.

Precedence = 1 Precedence =2

Overlap removed, geometry of object on toplayer is altered

Example: Via Fed Patch Antenna (1)Air

Alumina_112.5

Alumina_012.5

Cond = stripHole = viaCond2 = strip

Ground

Add

Define Substrate Layer

Example: Via Fed Patch Antenna (2)

(1)(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

Define Metallization Layers

Port Editor: Define Port Types

Port connector icon is schematic or layout is used to add ports.

First, you select the port and then you define its properties.

Mesh

• In general, small patterns are more accurate but take more time to solve.

• You can choose not to set up mesh parameters, and default values will be used to create the mesh.

• Horizontal side current mesh canbe visualized.

• More accuracy for thick metal.

Mesh Frequency and cells/wavelengthare used in combination in determining mesh density.

Mesh reduction converts some Rectangles and triangles to polygons for fewer currents to solve.

※ Type of Mesh:1. Global Mesh

(The entire circuit)2. Layer Mesh:

(The objects on a layout layer)3. Primitive Mesh:

(A single object)

•If this is enabled, the geometry will be altered to produce a more accurate model for the overlap region.

Global Mesh With Edge Mesh

• The cell size is the same for all parts of thegeometry, except for the edges around eachprimitive.

1 - Port2 - Calibration Line3 - Mesh4 - Edge Mesh

The calibration line is automatically drawnwhen the port is defined.

Layout Layer Mesh• You can define mesh parameters that affect the objects on a single layout layer.

• If you have global parameters set, they will not be used where mesh parameters are defined for a layout layer.

Select the Layout layer

Set the Mesh

Primitive Mesh With Edge MeshThe center primitive of this geometry has a different mesh density (50 cells/wavelength) than the two outside geometries (20 cells/wavelength).

In the Layout window, select the object that you want to specify mesh parameters for.

Primitive Seed Mesh

Primitive seeding enables you to specify the exact number of cells to be applied to a geometry:• Horizontally, across the O,U-axis• Vertically, from point V to the O,U-axis

Select the primitive you want to seed.

Draw U axis.

O U Identify point V

V

Precompute Mesh

• In order to calculate a mesh, you must first precompute the substrateand apply ports to the circuit.

• The optimal value for the mesh frequency is the highest frequency that will be simulated.

• When the computations are complete, the mesh will be displayed on the layout.

Simulate the Circuit (1)

※ Prior to running a simulation, the following criteria must be met:• A substrate definition must be specified

for the circuit.• The circuit must include at least one port.• The mesh is automatically calculated when

you simulate.• A simulation frequency plan must be

specified.

※ If any one of the above criteria is not met, Momentum will report an error if you try to run a simulation.

Simulate the Circuit (2)※ The steps for performing a simulation include:

(1) Specifying and editing frequency plans.(2) Selecting a process mode.(3) Specifying solution files.(4) Electing to view data.(5) Running the simulation.

※Process Mode:• The Foreground mode will pause a

simulation if the substrate has not yet been precomputed.

• The Background mode automatically precomputes the substrate if necessary.

• When the queue is running in normal operation (queue connected), the first waiting job will automatically start after the current job finishes.

(1)

(2)

(5)(3) (4)

Momentum Visualization (1)

※ You can display these types of data in Momentum Visualization:• S-parameters• Currents• far-fields• Antenna parameters• Transmission line data

• You can view the simulation results from any Momentum or Agilent HFSS project.

Menu Bar

Data editing

controls

Data on the plot

Selected plot

Plot editing

controls

Momentum Visualization (2)Current density

Without ‘Far Field’ menu

Momentum Visualization (3)

• You also have the option to look at the animated currents when click on the Display Properties button.

Antenna Parameters Animate

Radiation Pattern (1)To examine the “Far Field Plots”, the resonant frequencymust be selected and the calculations preformed.

Radiation Pattern (2)

ADS IntroductionADS Basic SimulationADS MomentumExample

Example : Patch Antenna (1)1.Draw the Patch geometry with Coordinate Entry

(a) Sure to turn off (disable) the RF mode.

(b) Be sure the entry drawing layer is cond.Click: Insert>Coordinate Entry

(c) Click on the Insert Rectangle icon as the drawing shape.

(d) Enter the coordinates in thedialog:x=100,y=125 and clickApply.Then x=600,y=-125.

(e) cond => outline.( Options>layers )

OutlineFilledRectangle

Example : Patch Antenna (2)2.Draw the microstrip feed on another layer

a) Change the drawing layer to cond2.

b) Draw a Rectangle using coordinate entry.( x=0,y=5 and x=320,y=-5)

(1) (2)0,5

320,-5

Example : Patch Antenna (3)3.Draw the Via

(a) Set the entry drawing layer to hole.

(b) Verify that Vertex Snap mode is enabled.

(c) Select Polyline icon, then click to draw the via.

(2)

(1)

(3)

Example : Patch Antenna (4)4.Set up the Substrate definition

(a) Alumina_1 ==> Thickness=12.5, permittivity=10

(b) Add another dielectric layer “Alumina_2”.

(c) Alumina_2 ==>Thickness=12.5, permittivity=10

Example : Patch Antenna (5)5. Map the Strip Metalization layers to the substrate(a) Select the Metallization layers tab.(b) The cond layout layer should be mapped to Alumina_1 as a Strip.(c) Select the dashed line between the Alumina_1 and Alumina_2 substrates.(d) Click on strip to map cond2 as Strip between the two substrate layers.

(1)

(2)

(3)

Example : Patch Antenna (6)6.Map the Via through the substrate

(a) Select the Layout Layer hole.

(b) Click the Via button.

(c) Click Momentum > Substrate > Save As.

(3)

(1)

(2)

Example : Patch Antenna (7)7.Precompute the substrate

(a) Click Momentum > Substrate > Precompute.

(b) Frequency ==> 1GHz to 10GHz.

Example : Patch Antenna (8)8.Add a Port to the feed line

(a) The entry drawing layer must be set to cond2 (input).

(b) Select the Toggle Midpoint Snap Mode icon to snap the center of the edge of the rectangle.

(c) Select Port icon, and add a port to feedline left end.

(3)(1)

(2)

(4)

Example : Patch Antenna (9)9.Define the Port

(a) Click on Momentum > Port Editor.

(b) Select the port on the layout window.

(c) Define the Port Type ==> Single.Impedance ==> 50.

Example : Patch Antenna (10)10.Mesh separate Layers• Feedline (cond2) ==> use Edge Mesh. (All high frequency)• Patch (cond) ==> Edge Mesh is not required. (Not have much current density)

(a) Click Momentum > Mesh> Setup.Set the frequency ==> 10GHz (Global tab)

(b) Select the Layer tab.Set the Mesh Density: cond ==> 20 cells/wavelength. (Edge Mesh off)

cond2 ==> 30 cells/wavelength. (Edge Mesh on)

(c) Click Momentum > Mesh > Precompute.

Example : Patch Antenna (11)11.Set up Simulation and solve

(a) Frequency sweep Type = Adaptive,start = 1GHz, stop = 10GHz, Sample Points Limit = 25,

(b) Simulate!!!

(1)

(3)

(2)

Example : Patch Antenna (12)12.Plot the simulation results

freq (1.000GHz to 10.00GHz)

m1

S11

m1freq=patch_OK_mom_a..S(1,1)=0.145 / -5.932impedance = Z0 * (1.335 - j0.041)

3.862GHz

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 10

2

4

6

8

0

10

freq, GHz

VS

WR

1

m1

m1freq=VSWR1=1.187Min

3.860GHz

2 4 6 80 10

-20

-15

-10

-5

-25

0

Frequency

Mag

. [dB

]

m1

S11

m1freq=dB(patch_OK_mom..S(1,1))=-21.344Min

3.860GHz

Example : Patch Antenna (13)13.Plot the Far Field Radiation Pattern-Visualization

(1) Click Momentum > Post-Processing > Radiation Pattern,

(2) Select the frequency.(resonance frequency)

(3) Compute!!!!

(4) Click Far Filed > Far Field Plot.

Example : Patch Antenna (14)

T h a n k s ! !T h a n k s ! !

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