Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Session 1.2. WFP Conceptual Framework: Food and Nutrition Security

Advanced EFSA Learning Programme

Session 1.2.

WFP Conceptual Framework: Food and Nutrition Security

Advanced EFSA Learning Programme2

Learning objectives

After this session, participants should be able to :

1. Describe key concepts of WFP Conceptual Framework of Food and Nutrition Security

2. Adapt and apply the Conceptual Framework to identify key factors that affect food security and nutrition in a given context


Where are we?

3

EFSA Process

Adapt conceptual framework & objectives

Prepare analysis plan: indicators, data, sources

Collect, review secondary data

Collect primary data

Conduct situation analysis

Conduct forecast analysis

Analyse response options

Make response recommendations

Prepare report


Conceptual Framework Informs selection of indicators for analysis

& use in targeting

Guides design of data collection & analysis

Considers food availability, access & utilisation as core determinants of FS


Conceptual Framework

Provides:

basis for developing initial hypotheses on emergency

way to visualise relationships among factors affecting F&NS


Main objectives of an EFSA

To determine risks for the population… life-threatening risks, e.g., malnutrition,

disease

risks to livelihoods, e.g., loss of assets that endanger present , future livelihoods

… and what to do about them


Specific objectives of EFSA

To identify:

who is food insecure and/or malnourished, and how severe is food insecurity: whose lives or livelihoods are at risk

main causes of food insecurity & malnutrition including chronic/transitory issues

need for, and type of, interventions to address food insecurity and malnutrition to save lives & protect/strengthen livelihoods


WFP Food and Nutrition Security Conceptual Framework: Key concepts

Livelihoods Food security Nutrition security


1 - Livelihoods

Livelihood Assets

PoliciesInstitutions

& Processes

LivelihoodsStrategies

Vulnerability Context

• Shocks• Trends• Seasonality

Vulnerability Context

• Shocks• Trends• Seasonality

H

N

FP

S

H

N

FP

S

LivelihoodOutcomes

• More income

• Increased well-being

• Reduced vulnerability

• Improved food & nutrition security

• Sustainable use of Natural Resources

to achieve

H = Human capitalN = Natural capitalF = Financial capitalP = Physical capitalS = Social capital

Influence & access

livelihoods approach examines:

• impact of shock on human, financial, social, physical, & natural, assets

• impact of policies, institutions, other processes

• strategies the affected are using to survive

… tries to determine likely outcomes for the affected: changes in vulnerability, food / nutrition security status, etc.


Example of household livelihood analysis

Livelihood strategies

HH use strong social assets to get loans

rent land; buy tools & agric. inputs

HH use human assets to farm & to offset low financial, natural assets

Policy, Institutions, Processes

• fertilizer subsidy available

•strong agricultural extension service

•strong trust between community leader & HH head

HH asset profile

H: healthy members of working age; good agricultural skills

S: well connected in community

F: little cash P: few productive

assets N: no land

Vulnerabilitycontext

• increasingly dry and arid conditions

• low rainfall

• Increasing soil erosion


How are livelihoods affected?

Resilience

Vulnerability Extent to which households can withstand shock


2 - Food security

AvailabilityAccessUtilisation

…when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs, and food preferences for an active and healthy life…


3 - Nutrition security

Food securityHealth Caring practices

Acute malnutrition: clear sign of risk to life

Chronic malnutrition: long-term problems related to food, health and care


Poor wat/san & inadequate health

services

Child malnutrition,death and disability

Inadequatematernal & child-care practices

Insufficient accessto food

Quantity & quality of actualresources - human, economic,

organizational - and theway they are controlled

Potential resources: environment, technology,

people

Inadequate dietary intake

Disease

Basic causes atsocietal level

Outcomes

Immediate causes

Underlying causes at household/ family

level

Poor wat/san & inadequate health

services

Child malnutrition,death and disability

Inadequatematernal & child-care practices

Insufficient accessto food

Quantity & quality of actualresources - human, economic,

organizational - and theway they are controlled

Potential resources: environment, technology,

people

Inadequate dietary intake

Disease

Basic causes atsocietal level

Outcomes

Immediate causes

Underlying causes at household/ family

level

UNICEF Conceptual Framework of malnutrition

Outcomes

Immediate causes

Underlying causes at household

level

Basic causes at societal

level


WFP Conceptual Framework of Food and Nutrition Security


Conceptual Framework: levels of analysis (1)

Basic causes:

structural factors that establish the context in which malnutrition and food insecurity exist


Underlying causes:

characteristics of individual households that make them more, or less, susceptible to malnutrition and food insecurity




Immediate causes:

factors that can lead directly to malnutrition and death



Outcomes:

malnutrition and excess mortality arising from failure to resolve problems at other levels


Adapting the Conceptual Framework

Why?The relative significance of each framework element depends on region & country, nature of crisis, & affected groups

Adapting it to local context allows formulation of initial hypotheses on probable local effects of crisis


Review secondary info & discussions with key informants

Identify factors most likely to affect FS&N in current context

Identify possible linkages among factors affecting food & nutrition security

Adapting the Framework: How?

initial hypotheses

definition of information requirements & selection of assessment methodology

guide

form basis for


Exercise 1.1.Adapt the Conceptual Framework

Use Worksheet for each Working Group

45 min + 60 min debriefing


Wrap-upThe Framework:

Provides basis for development of initial emergency hypotheses, causes & effects

Helps to visualize relationships between factors affecting food & nutrition security

Guides data collection & analysis

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Documents

Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Session 1.2. WFP Conceptual Framework: Food and Nutrition Security