Upload
others
View
23
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
SIDE EVENT “Future of Hydrogen H2”
Dr. Lars Röntzsch
© Fraunhofer
Advanced electrolysis for the production of green hydrogen
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED MATERIALS
◼ ~ 700 employees (incl. students)
◼ 52.5 Mio. EUR annual budget with ~80% third-party funding
◼ R&D areas
◼ Energy technology, engineering, electronics, aerospace, medical engineering
◼ One institute – five locations
Braunschweig
Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787–1826)» Scientist • Inventor • Entrepreneur «
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED MATERIALS
◼ Department »Hydrogen technology«
◼ Alkaline Electrolysis
◼ Alkaline Membrane Electrolysis
◼ Solid hydrogen carriers
◼ POWERPASTE technology
◼ FC components and systems
Fuel cellsystem tests
Solid hydrogenstorage
POWERPASTE„H2 on demand“
Fuel cellcomponent tests
High-dynamicheat storage
3D-electrodes forPower-to-X
Electrolyzer component tests
◼ Materials development & testing
◼ Fabrication techniques
◼ Process simulation
◼ Prototype development & testing
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Hydrogen production
◼ From natural gas or biogas (methane)
◼ Steam reforming (production cost: 1.6 ... 2 €/kg)
CH4 + H2O → 3 H2 + CO and CO + H2O → CO2 + H2◼ Pyrolys is (in development)
CH4 → 2 H2 + C
◼ From water
◼ Electrolys is(3.5 ... 7 €/kg)
H1
1s1
1.008 Density (STP) 90 g/m³
Boiling point–253 °C
LHV33,3 kWh/kg3,0 kWh/Nm³
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Electrical energy (PV, wind, …)
Hydrogen energy cycle
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Roadmap on the industrialization of water electrolysis (focus: Germany)
Source:Study IndWEDe, 2018
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Overview Electrolysis Technology
AEL
PEMELSOEL
AEMELAELPEMEL
SOEL
Today
2030+
~100 MW Global Electrolyzer Production 10 GW
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Sources: Areva H2Gen, Asahi Kasei, Cummins, Enapter, Giner, IHT, ITM Power, ErreDue, H-TEC Systems, Hydrogenics, HydrogenPro, McPhy, NEL, PERIC, Siemens Energy, Sunfire, thyssenkrupp
1900O. Schmidt
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Comparison electrolysis technologies
Technology Alkaline Electrolys is Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolys is
Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolys is
Solid Oxide Electrolys is
Functional scheme AEL AEM
EL
PEM
EL
SOEL
Cathode 2 H2O + 2 e– → H2 + 2 OH– 2 H2O + 2 e– → H2 + 2 OH– 2 H+ + 2 e– → H2 H2O + 2 e– → H2 + O2–
Anode 2 OH– → 0.5 O2 + H2O + 2 e– 2 OH– → 0.5 O2 + H2O + 2 e– H2O → 2 H+ + 0.5 O2 + 2 e– O2– → 0.5 O2 + 2 e–
Electrocatalysts C: Ni ; A: metal oxide(s) C: Ni ; A: metal oxide(s) C: Pt ; A: iridium oxide C: Ni ; A: metal oxide(s)
Separator diaphragm (porous) membrane membrane membrane
Electrolyte aqueous (KOH) solid (polymer) solid (polymer) solid (oxide)
Operation temp. 30 … 90 °C 30 … 80 °C 20 … 100 °C 600 … 1000 °C
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Comparison electrolysis technologies(Outlook 2030)
Value Unit AEL AEMEL PEMEL SOEL
Electrical energy consumption
kWhel / kg-H2 50 … 55 50 … 55 50 … 55 40
Thermal energy consumption
kWhtherm / kg-H2 0 0 0 ~7
Operation pressure barabs a) 1b) 10 … 60 (+)
1.5 … 35 1.5 … 60 ~1
Cold start time min 15 … 60 5 … 10 5 … 10 600
Warm start time s 30 5 5 60
Current density A / cm² 0.2 … 1.0 0.5 … 2 1.0 … 4.0 0.3 … 0.6
Cell area m² 0.5 … 4 < 1 < 1 < 0.2
Life time stack h 120,000 80,000 100,000 80,000
CAPEX (1 MW class)* EUR / kWel < 300 < 300 < 300 < 300
Stack size 1 kW … 10 MW 1 kW … 10 kW 500 W … 3 MW 0.5 … 20 kW
Modul size > 100 MW > 1 MW > 100 MW > 1 MW
Hydrogen:HHV = 39.4 kWh / kgLHV = 33.3 kWh / kg
*) without installation and markup
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
30 kW electrolyzer
Electrode materials and cell des igns
nm² - µm² cm² 10 … 50 cm² 0.25 m²
3-electrode arrangement
single cellsEC-STM /SECPM
Development of advanced alkaline electrolysis
50 … 500 cm²
single cells / short stacks
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Electrode materials for advanced alkaline electrolysis
◼ Electrocatalysts: activ ity , selectiv ity , long-term stability
◼ Chemical composition
◼ Specific modification of the electrode surface (topography, defect density)
◼ Catalyst substrate: Mechanical and chemical stability, electric conductivity, porosity
Low cellvoltage(target < 1.8 V@ > 0.5 A/cm²)
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Increasing the surface area: Alloyed Metal Foams
◼ Surface modification: e.g. NiMo-alloy
◼ Powder metallurgical process: developed @IFAM
© Alantum
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Example: Raney-Nickel electrodes
◼ Raney-Ni: Ni-Al alloys
◼ 1. Deposition of Al powder
◼ 2. Heat treatment
◼ 3. Leaching of Al-rich phases
→ Highly porous catalyst layer
→ Long-term stable HER catalyst: h300 < 50 mV
leaching
0 1 2 3 4 5
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
uncoated mesh
Raney-Ni mesh, before ELY test
Raney-Ni mesh, after ELY test
t / h
29.9 wt.-% KOH, -300mA/cm², N2, 333 K
hH
ER / m
V
hH
ER / m
V
Ni substrate Ni substrate
400 mm @ Fraunhofer IFAM
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Challenges for electrolyzer manufacturers
◼ Improvement of long-term efficiency → long life time
◼ Higher power density
◼ Modular system design
◼ Supply chains
◼ Automated mass production for GW p.a.
◼ Specialist staff
◼ Lower CAPEX
◼ Easy installation
Source: Mayyas et al. (2019)
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Our offer for R&D services
◼ Interdisciplinary expertise and all-inclusive know-how on advanced
alkaline electrolysis technology (AEL / AME)
◼ Pre-technical studies
◼ Literature and patent search and evaluation
◼ Freedom-to-operate analysis
◼ Value added chain analysis
◼ Technical projects
◼ Lab-based preparation and testing of AEL / AME electrodes and components
◼ Design, construction and testing of new AEL cell types
◼ Testing of AEL systems
◼ AEL technology benchmarking
◼ Networking
◼ H2 / FC industry
◼ Interest groups
◼ Public funding
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress.Working together is success.
Henry Ford
© Fraunhofer IFAMDr. Lars RÖNTZSCH, Head of department »Hydrogen technology«2021-04-20
Thank you for your
Fraunhofer IFAMWinterbergstraße 28
01277 Dresden | Germany
Dr. Lars Röntzsch
Phone: +49 351 2537-411
E-Mail: [email protected]
w w w.ifam .fraunhofer.de/h2
interest.
Funded by