Advanced Level Combinations · 2018. 6. 19. · Dr. MUSAB. E. Joyce Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Integanyanyigisho n’Imfashanyigisho muri REB . iii ... abanyeshuri gukorana n’abandi

REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

Kigali, 2015

RWANDA EDUCATION BOARD P.O Box 3817 KIGALI Telephone : (+250) 255121482 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.reb.rw

Competence-based curriculum subjects

& Advanced Level Combinations

INTEGANYANYIGISHO Y’IKINYARWANDA IKICIRO CYA MBERE CY’AMASHURI ABANZA

INTEGANYANYIGISHO Y’IKINYARWANDA IKICIRO CYA MBERE CY’AMASHURI ABANZA

Kigali, 2015

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© 2015 Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB) Uburenganzira bw’umuhanzi

Kwandukukura ibiri muri iyi nteganyanyigisho cyangwa kuyifotora byemewe gusa igihe hagamijwe inyungu z’uburezi.

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IJAMBO RY’IBANZE Mu rwego rwo gushimangira imyigire n’imyigishirize ishingiye ku bushobozi bw’uwiga, Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB) gishimishijwe no gushyira ahagaragara integanyanyigisho nshya izakoreshwa mu gihugu hose. Iyi nteganyanyigisho igamije gutanga uburezi buboneye kandi bufite ireme mu byiciro by’uburezi rusange mu mashuri yose y’u Rwanda. Poritiki y’uburezi mu Rwanda ni uguha urubyiruko mu byiciro byose by’uburezi amahirwe yose mu byerekeye ubumenyi, ubumenyi ngiro n’ubukesha bikwiriye birutegurira kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’umuryango ndetse no guhabwa amahirwe yo kwihangira umurimo. Kugira ngo hanozwe ireme ry’uburezi, Leta y’u Rwanda yashyize imbaraga mu ivugurura ry’integanyanyigisho ku buryo imyigire n’imyigishirize ndetse n’isuzuma bigira uruhare rugaragara mu kurema Umunyarwanda igihugu gikeneye. Mu rwego rwo kubaka umuryango ushingiye ku bushobozi, byabaye ngombwa ko hakorwa integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku guha abiga ubushobozi bukenewe kugira ngo bashobore gupigana ku isoko ry’umurimo haba mu karere u Rwanda ruherereyemo cyangwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iyi nteganyanyigisho, abanyeshuri bazagira uruhare rugaragara mu myigire bityo bagire ubushobozi butuma bashobora guhuza ibyo bize n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Ibi bizatuma bo ubwabo bigirira akamaro kandi banateze igihugu cyabo imbere. Turashimira byimazeyo abafatanyabikorwa n’abaterankunga bagize uruhare mu ivugurura ry’iyi nteganyayigisho kuva igikorwa gitangira kugeza kirangiye. Tuboneyeho kandi gusaba abazakoresha iyi nteganyanyigisho gutanga ibitekerezo byatuma irushaho kunozwa. GASANA I. Janvier Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)

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GUSHIMIRA Ndashimira mbikuye ku mutima abantu bose bagize uruhare mu itegurwa ry’iyi nteganyanyigisho. Ntabwo iyi nteganyayigisho yashoboraga gukorwa uko bikwiye iyo hatabaho uruhare rw’abafatanyabikorwa banyuranye mu burezi ndetse n’abaterankunga. Nejejwe no gushima ubufatanye n’ubwitange batugaragarije. Mbere na mbere ndashimira inzego nkuru zishinzwe uburezi mu Rwanda zakurikiraniye hafi umurimo wo kuvugurura integanyanyigisho ndetse n’abakozi b’Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda bagize uruhare mu itegurwa n’iyandikwa ry’iyi nteganyanyigisho. Harashimirwa kandi abarimu bigisha kuva mu mashuri y’inshuke, abanza, ayisumbuye na kaminuza bitanze batizigamye kugira ngo iyi nteganyanyigisho ishobore kujya ahagaragara. Ndashimira imiryango nterankunga mu burezi nka UNICEF, UNFPA, DFID, AFR kubera inkunga mu rwego rw’imari na tekiniki batanze mu ivugurura ry’iyi nteganyanyigisho. Ndashimira kandi uruhare rw’abafatanyabikorwa mu burezi nk’ Itorero ry’Igihugu, Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge, CNLG, GMO, RBS, REMA, WDA, MINECOFIN, AEGIS Trust, Handicap International, Wellspring Foundation, Right to Play, MEDISAR, EDC/L3, EDC/Akazi Kanoze, Save the Children n’Imiryango ishingiye ku kwemera mu iyandikwa ry’iyi nteganyanyigisho. Byongeye kandi ndashimira impuguke mpuzamahanga ndetse n’iz’Abanyarwanda bitanze kugira ngo iyi nteganyanyigisho ishobore gutegurwa no kwandikwa. Iyi nteganyanyigisho ni umusaruro w’ubufatanye n’ubwitange bya buri wese mu bitabiriye iki gikorwa. Dr. MUSABE Joyce Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Integanyanyigisho n’Imfashanyigisho muri REB

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URUTONDE RW’ABAGIZE URUHARE MU ITEGURWA RY’IYI NTEGANYANYIGISHO Abakozi b’Ikigo Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Uburezi mu Rwanda Dr. MUSABE Joyce, Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Integanyanyigisho n’Imfashanyigisho. GATERA Augustin, Umuyobozi w’Itsinda ry’Indimi n’Ubumenyamuntu. BACUMUWENDA Nehemiah, ushinzwe ireme ry’integanyanyigisho n’imfashanyigisho mu Itsinda ry’Indimi n’Ubumenyamuntu. KARERA Straton, Umuteganyanyigisho w’Ikinyarwanda, RUBANDA Jean Francois, ushinzwe ibizami by’Ikinyarwanda muri REB. KUBWIMANA Fortunée, Umugenzuzi Nkomatanyaturere muri REB. MUKANTAHONDI Venantie, Ishami ry’Ibizamini Abarimu NDANDALI Didace, Iseminari Nto ya Rwesero, Akarere ka Gicumbi. NYIRANGWABIJE Piama, Ishuri ribanza rya Remera Catholique, Akarere ka Gasabo. DUSABEMUNGU Alexandre, GSNDL Byimana, Akarere ka Ruhango. HAKUZIMANA Felecien, GS Kageyo, Akarere ka Gicumbi. GASIMBA Francois, Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Koleji y’Uburezi, Akarere ka Gasabo. NTANYUNGURA Samuel, College de l’Espoir Gasogi, Akarere ka Gasabo. UWIMANA Angelique, Urwunge rw’Amashuri rwa Nyange, Akarere ka Musanze. UZABAKILIHO Salvator, IPRC Huye, Akarere ka Huye. VUGUZIGIRE Patrice, Horizon, Akarere ka Gasabo. Abandi bagize uruhare mu itegurwa ry’iyi nteganyanyigisho GACHUHI Debby, UNFPA NIYITEGEKA Dativa, EDC/L3 RUGAJU David, Save the Children Uwanonosoye integanyanyigisho Dr. KAYIGEMA Jacques, UAAC

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Ishakiro

IJAMBO RY’IBANZE .................................................................................................................................................................................. i

GUSHIMIRA .............................................................................................................................................................................................. ii

URUTONDE RW’ABAGIZE URUHARE MU ITEGURWA RY’IYI NTEGANYANYIGISHO .................................................................. iii

Ishakiro ................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv

1. INTANGIRIRO ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Imvano y’ivugurura ry’integanyanyigisho .................................................................................................................................................1

1.2. Impamvu zo kwigisha no kwiga Ikinyarwanda ........................................................................................................................................1

1.2.1. Ikinyarwanda nk’ururimi kavukire .................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2.2. Ibirebana n’umunyeshuri ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.3 Ubushobozi.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

2. IMBONEZAMASOMO ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1. Uruhare rw’umunyeshuri ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

2.2 Uruhare rw’umwarimu ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

3. UBURYO BWO GUKORA ISUZUMA ................................................................................................................................................... 8

3.1. Ubwoko bw'isuzuma .......................................................................................................................................................................................8

3.1.1. Isuzuma rinoza imyigire n’imyigishirize ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

3.1.2. Isuzuma rikomatanya .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 8

3.2. Kubika inyandiko igaragaza ibyavuye mu isuzuma .................................................................................................................................9

3.3. Gutegura ibibazo by'isuzuma rikomatanya ............................................................................................................................................ 10

3.4. Imiterere y'ibigomba gusuzumwa mu nyigisho y'Ikinyarwanda ...................................................................................................... 10

3.5. Gukorera ababyeyi raporo y'isuzuma ...................................................................................................................................................... 11

4. IBIZAKENERWA MU ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RY’IYI NTEGANYANYIGISHO ..................................................................................... 12

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5. IMITERERE Y’UMUTWE MURI IYI NTEGANYANYIGISHO ..................................................................................................................... 13

5.1. Umwaka wa mbere ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 14

5.1.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe nyuma y’umwaka wa mbere ..................................................................................................... 14

5.1.2. Imbonerahamwe y’imitwe y‘amasomo mu mwaka wa mbere ............................................................................................................ 15

5.2. Umwaka wa kabiri ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 44

5.2.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe nyuma y’umwaka wa kabiri ...................................................................................................... 44

5.2.2. Imbonerahamwe y’imitwe y‘amasomo mu mwaka wa kabiri ............................................................................................................. 45

5.3. Umwaka wa gatatu ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 72

5.3.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe nyuma y’umwaka wa gatatu...................................................................................................... 72

5.3.2. Imbonerahamwe y’imitwe y‘amasomo mu mwaka wa gatatu ............................................................................................................ 73

6. IBITABO N’INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE: ............................................................................................................................................... 94

7. IMIGEREKA ........................................................................................................................................................................................96

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1. INTANGIRIRO 1.1. Imvano y’ivugurura ry’integanyanyigisho Ivugururwa ry’integanyanyigisho y’Ikinyarwanda mu kiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri abanza ryakozwe mu rwego rwo kunoza imyigishirize y’ibanze yo gusoma no kwandika. Integanganyigisho yari isanzweho yibandaga cyane ku bumenyi kandi ntihe uruhare runini umunyeshuri mu myigire ye. Mu kuvugurura iyi nteganyanyigisho hitawe cyane ku ngorane zagaragajwe n’abarimu ndetse n’ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hari abanyeshuri barangiza ikiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri abanza batazi gusoma no kwandika. Ni yo mpamvu muri iri vugurura hitawe cyane ku gufasha umunyeshuri gutangira gusoma hakiri kare, kuko akimara kwiga inyajwi n’ingombajwi imwe, azaba ashobora gusoma agakuru gato ko ku rwego rwe no mu kubaka ubushobozi, ubumenyi ngiro n’ubukesha bituma uwiga ashobora kugira icyo yigezaho kandi agashobora no kubana neza n’abandi. 1.2. Impamvu zo kwigisha no kwiga Ikinyarwanda 1.2.1. Ikinyarwanda nk’ururimi kavukire Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi kavukire ruhuza Abanyarwanda bose kuko rukoreshwa mu nzego zose z'ubutegetsi n'iz'imirimo, rwumvwa kandi rukanavugwa n’Abanyarwanda hafi ya bose. Ikinyarwanda kigishwa mu mashuri nk'inyigisho kandi kigakoreshwa mu kwigisha izindi nyigisho cyane cyane mu kiciro cya mbere cy'amashuri abanza. Ikindi kandi Ikinyarwanda kibumbatiye umuco w'igihugu, gituma dushyikirana, tukungurana ibitekerezo, tukagezanyaho ubutumwa, tukagaragaza n’imbamutima zacu. Nk’uko abahanga mu byo kwigisha babivuga, kumenya ururimi kavukire ni intango ndetse n’imbarutso yo kumenya izindi ndimi. Abarimu barakangurirwa rero guha agaciro Ikinyarwanda kuko ari uguha agaciro muri rusange imyigishirize ndetse no gufasha mu kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi. Ururimi rwacu ruri mu bigaragaza imitekerereze, ubuhanga n’umuco byacu, rukabicengeza mu rubyiruko, bikaba uruhererekane, maze ntitumirwe n’amahanga. Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rwigishwamo kuva mu mashuri y’inshuke kugeza mu kiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri abanza. Kuva mu mwaka wa kane w’amashuri abanza kugera mu kiciro rusange, Ikinyarwanda kigishwa nk’isomo mu gihe mu kiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri yisumbuye kigishwa

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muri amwe mu mashami y’indimi, andi mashami akaba ashobora kugihitamo. Ikinyarwanda rero ni rwo rurimi rukoreshwa mu kwigisha gusoma no kwandika by’ibanze bityo kikaba kigomba kwigwa no kwigishwa ku buryo buboneye kugira ngo byoroshye n’imyigire y’izindi ndimi. 1.2.2. Ibirebana n’umunyeshuri Mu kwiga no kwigisha Ikinyarwanda hazibandwa ku bushobozi bwo kuvuga, kumva, gusoma no kwandika ndetse no ku bumenyi bw’ururimi. Icyakora mu kwiga no kwigisha Ikinyarwanda ni ngombwa guhuriza hamwe buriya bushobozi bwose. Nubwo umunyeshuri wo mu kiciro cya mbere yumva kandi akavuga Ikinyarwanda, imvugo ye iba ikeneye gukosorwa buhoro buhoro ndetse no gukungahazwa kugira ngo akure arushaho kwisanzura mu rurimi rwe. Icyakora gusoma no kwandika byo hari abatangira umwaka wa mbere nta cyo babiziho; bisaba guhera ku misharabiko bakazagera ku nteruro. Umwarimu yerekera abanyeshuri, akabayobora, akabatera inkunga, akabakosora kugira ngo batunganye interuro zabo, batore kwitegereza, kwigana, isuku no kunoza umukono. Abanyeshuri cyane cyane abataragimbuka biga neza iyo bareba amashusho nyigisho. Birakwiye rero gutoranya insanganyamatsiko, amashusho, ibitabo n’izindi mfashanyigisho bihuje n’ikigero cyabo kandi bishobotse, bigashingira ku bibakikije. Ni byiza guhera ku bintu umunyeshuri asanzwe azi, ugashyira ibyo atari azi nko gufatira ku bigaragara ukagusha ku by’imboneshwabwenge bita mpisho, nko guhera ku bintu by’imbumbe, ukagusha ku ngingo cyangwa se ku bice bibigize. 1.2.3 Ubushobozi Ubushobozi ni ububasha bwo gukora umurimo uyu n’uyu wihariye uko bikwiye hashingiwe ku bumenyi, ubumenyi ngiro n’ubukesha bijyanye n’ibyo wize. Poritiki z’igihugu zishingiye ku byo igihugu gikeneye zerekana ubushobozi bw’ibanze n’ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo bishingirwaho mu kubaka imitekerereze yimbitse. Muri iyi nteganyanyigisho ubushobozi bw’ibanze bugaragarira mu bushobozi bugamijwe muri buri mutwe, muri buri mwaka ndetse no mu kiciro. Ibikorwa by’umunyeshuri bigomba gushingira ku byo ashobora gukora kugira ngo hatezwe imbere ubushobozi bugamijwe mu gihe yiga cyangwa arangije umutwe w’amasomo runaka.

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Ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo

Ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo ni ubushobozi butihariwe n’inyigisho imwe ahubwo butezwa imbere mu masomo anyuranye, mu bihe bitandukanye ndetse no mu kazi kanyuranye. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi mu myigire n’imyigishirize abarimu bagomba kwitaho busobanuye ku buryo bukurikira:

Ubushishozi no gushakira ibibazo ibisubizo: ubu bushobozi buzafasha umunyeshuri gutekereza ahanga no gushyira mu gaciro ku buryo bwaguye bituma abonera ibisubizo ibibazo ahura na byo mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Guhanga udushya: kunguka ubu bushobozi bizafasha umunyeshuri gufata iya mbere agatekereza ahereye ku byo azi, maze agahanga ibintu bishya. Ubushakashatsi: ubu bushobozi buzafasha umunyeshuri gukemura ibibazo ahereye ku makuru no ku bumenyi busanzweho no gusobanura ibintu ahereye ku makuru yakusanyije. Gusabana mu ndimi zemewe gukoreshwa mu gihugu: ubu bushobozi buzafasha abanyeshuri gusabana n’abandi nta mususu no gutanga ibitekerezo byabo ku buryo buboneye mu mvugo no mu nyandiko bakoresha imvugo n’amagambo bikwiye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abarimu bose nubwo baba batigisha indimi basabwa kugenzura ko abanyeshuri bakoresha uko bikwiye ururimi rwigishwamo. Ubufatanye, imibanire ikwiye n’abandi n’ubumenyi ngiro mu buzima bwa buri munsi: ubu bushobozi buzafasha abanyeshuri gukorana n’abandi mu matsinda, mu kazi ako ari ko kose bahawe barangwa n’imyitwarire n’indangagaciro bikwiye, bubaha uburenganzira, ibitekerezo n’imyitwarire binyuranye n’ibyabo. Ibi bizafasha kandi abanyeshuri gukora ibikorwa bijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije, gukora ubuvugizi ku byerekeye ubuzima bwabo n’ubw’umuryango bita ku isuku n’imirire iboneye kandi na none bakemura ibibazo bahura na byo mu buzima. Kwiga no guhora yiyungura ubumenyi: kunguka ubu bushobozi bizafasha abanyeshuri kujyana n’igihe biyungura ubumenyi n’ubumenyi ngiro batarinze gufashwa muri byose. Ibi bizabafasha kandi kujyana n’iterambere bibanda ku bumenyi n’ubumenyi ngiro bikenewe.

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Ubushobozi rusange bugamijwe mu nyigisho y’Ikinyarwanda

Umunyeshuri urangije ikiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri abanza azaba agaragaza ubushobozi bukurikira: Kumva neza ibiganiro, inkuru, ibitekerezo bitangwa mu mvugo ku nsanganyamatsiko zimenyerewe n’amakuru

ajyanye n’ikigero ke, kandi agasubiza agaragaza ko yasobanukiwe n’ingingo z’ingenzi zikubiyemo; Kuvuga yatura neza ibyo azi, abara inkuru, atondagura imivugo cyangwa asubiza ibibazo; Gutahura no gusoma aranguruye ibihekane, bidakunze gukoreshwa, amagambo cyangwa interuro zoroheje; Gusoma imyandiko migufi yoroheje ivuga ku biriho muri iki gihe, ku byahise, cyangwa ku byo yihimbiye

bitabayeho; Gutahura no gusobanura ibiranga abavugwa mu nkuru; ibivugwa mu nkuru mu magambo make; Gutegura no kwandika ubutumwa bugufi mu mukono unoze yubahiriza utwatuzo dukunze gukoreshwa.

Ikinyarwanda no kwimakaza ubushobozi bugamijwe

Poritiki y’igihugu mu myigishirize y’Ikinyarwanda mu kiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri abanza ni ugutoza umwana w’Umunyarwanda umuco wo gusoma no kwandika akiri muto. Usibye ubushobozi bwo kuvuga, kumva, gusoma no kwandika neza Ikinyarwanda, umunyeshuri ahabwa ubushobozi n’ubumenyi ngiro rusange bimufasha kwibeshaho no kubana neza n’abandi. Muri iyi nteganyanyigisho nshya twitaye kandi ku bumenyi ngiro ku buryo bw’umwihariko kugira ngo dufashe abana b’u Rwanda mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi kandi tubashishikarize kwita ku bibazo bibangamiye isi muri rusange n’igihugu cyacu ku buryo bw’umwihariko. Ingingo zitaweho cyane cyane ni umuco n’indangagaciro nyarwanda, ibidukikije, uburinganire, uburenganzira bw’umwana n’ubw’ikiremwamuntu, gukunda igihugu, kwimakaza umuco w’amahoro ndetse no kwihesha agaciro. Iteka mu kwigisha Ikinyarwanda bahera ku myandiko bakitoza gusoma no kwandika, bagakora n’imyitozo inyuranye ituma bafutura imvugo yabo; bityo mu gukora isesengura ry’imyandiko bikabafasha kubaka ubushobozi bwo gushishoza. Ibiganiro mpaka ku nsanganyamatsiko zinyuranye bibafasha kubaka umuco wo gukemura ibibazo, kwihanganirana ndetse no gutanga ibitekerezo byabo mu bworoherane. Batozwa kandi no gukora ubushakashatsi, bahabwa imyitozo inyuranye ituma bitabira

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kuvumbura ibyo batari bazi, basoma ibitabo binyuranye, bashakisha amakuru anyuranye kugira ngo bashobore guhanga udushya. Imyandiko inyuranye ku buvanganzo nyarwanda ibafasha gucengera umuco nyarwanda, bagatozwa guhanga bafatiye ku byo abakurambere babasigiye. Abanyeshuri bakangurirwa gukorera mu matsinda kugira ngo bibacengezemo gukorana no gushyikirana n’abandi.

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2. IMBONEZAMASOMO

Abanyeshuri biga neza iyo bagira uruhare mu myigire yabo kandi badafata mu mutwe gusa ahubwo bagira ibikorwa bakora. Nubwo gukorera mu matsinda bifite akamaro ni ngombwa no kwita kuri buri munyeshuri kugira ngo umwarimu akosore imivugire ye, imisomere ye ndetse n’imyandikire ye. Imyigishirize y'Ikinyarwanda mu kiciro cya mbere cy'amashuri abanza igomba guhera ku mfashanyigisho zifatika, zifite aho zihuriye n'umuco, amateka, ibidukikije n'imibereho y'Abanyarwanda kandi zijyanye n'ikigero cy'abanyeshuri. Iryo yigisha rizaha umunyeshuri uruhare runini rwo kwitoza kumva, kuvuga, gusoma, kwandika, gutekereza, gushyira mu gaciro no kwerekana imbamutima ze ashize amanga.

Buri somo rigomba kugira intego zeruye kandi uburyo bwo kuzigeraho ntibugore umunyeshuri ndetse n’umwarimu. Umwarimu agomba kwita ku kigero cy’umunyeshuri kandi akamufasha kwiyigisha. Ni ngombwa rero guhera ku byo umunyeshuri azi, bigaragara, byuzuye, mbere yo gusingira ibyitwa mpisho cyangwa ibigize ibyo byuzuye, birakwiye, guhera ku mvugo, ku nteruro yo ntango y’ubwumvane n’umushyikirano kugira ngo bifashe abanyeshuri kwivumburira ikigwa cy’umunsi. Uburyo bw’imyigishirize bukoreshwa mu kwigisha gusoma no kwandika ni uburyo bw’imberabyombi. Ubu buryo bwo kwigishiriza buri nyuguti mu ijambo bufasha gusoma no kwandika amagambo basanzwe bakoresha, bakongeraho n’andi. Ubu buryo busaba kugwiza ingero z’amagambo yumvikanamo ijwi rishya, cyane cyane iyo ari ingombajwi cyangwa inyerera ziba zigomba kongerwaho buri nyajwi mu magambo nk’uko bigenda mu mvugo isanzwe, aho kuziterateranya no kugemura. Iyo ari inyajwi zigishwa, imbonwa n’izindi ngero zose zikaba ari amagambo atangiwe n’inyajwi runaka yigwa, cyangwa se ayihariwe na yo nk’amwe mu marangamutima. Uretse inyajwi zonyine zandikwa ukwazo, nta yindi nyuguti n’imwe isomwa cyangwa ngo yandikwe yonyine. Ihora iteka mu ijambo ivugwamo, igasomerwa ikanandikirwamo. Imyitozo myinshi nk’iyo gusoma, iyo kwandika buri jambo uko ryakabaye nta nyuguti iribuzemo, iyo kuzuza amagambo abuzemo inyuguti imwe cyangwa nyinshi igomba kwitabwaho cyane, kuko ari yo itoza abanyeshuri gusoma no kwandika amagambo n’interuro ngufi batagombye guterateranya inyuguti cyangwa kugemura. Ituma abanyeshuri bafata vuba inyuguti yizwe, bagatora imvugo inoza, bagasoma badategwa, bakanandika nta kosa.

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2.1. Uruhare rw’umunyeshuri Ibikorwa by’umunyeshuri bijyanye n’intego ibyigwa biba bigamije kandi abanyeshuri bagomba kubigiramo uruhare. Inyigisho y’Ikinyarwanda igomba gushingira ku munyeshuri. Ni yo mpamvu agomba guhabwa uruhare runini mu kumva, kuvuga, gusoma atagemura, kwandika anoza umukono kandi nta kosa, kwitegereza, gutekereza, gusesengura no guhanga.

Ku buryo bw’umwihariko, iyi ntegenyanyigisho iteganya agakuru ko gusoma buri cyumweru kajyanye n’urwego umunyeshuri agezeho uko yungutse inyuguti cyangwa igihekane. Utwo dukuru tuzajya dusomerwa mu ishuri kandi buri munyeshuri atahane umukoro wo kugasomera mu rugo asomera ababyeyi be, bityo bimutere ishema n’ishyaka ryo kunguka ibishya bindi nk’uko ababyeyi babyifuza n’uko abarezi babyigisha. Hari kandi inkuru umwarimu asomera abanyeshuri, izamubera imfashanyigisho kuri buri kigwa, kandi igafasha abana mu kumenya kumva ibyasomwe, kunguka amagambo mashya no kumenya indangamuco n’indangagaciro nyarwanda kuko buri nkuru yubakiye kuri bene izo nsanganyamatsiko. Iyi nkuru igomba kuba iryoheye abanyeshuri (yifitemo ubugeni), ifite abakinnyi bashimisha umwana (umukinankuru mukuru akaba ari umwana cyangwa inyamaswa bakunda mu muco w’u Rwanda). Inkuru igomba kugira intangiriro, ipfundo n’iherezo ryiza (idasozwa n’urupfu cyangwa ibindi bintu bibi), irimo amagambo mashya abana bagomba kunguka, irimo ingingo zifasha abanyeshuri kumva ishingiro ry’ibyabaye (isubiza ibibazo bitanu by’ishingiro: habaye iki?Cyakozwe na nde? Cyabereye he? Cyabaye ryari? Ku zihe mpamvu?/ Byagenze bite?) ndetse ikaba ifite amashusho abereye abana kandi ari ku rwego rwabo.

2.2 Uruhare rw’umwarimu

Umwarimu afite uruhare rwo kuyobora umunyeshuri amufasha kuvumbura, amukosora, amwerekera kugira ngo amugeze ku ntego z’isomo. Ni ngombwa ko umwarimu amenya ibibazo abanyeshuri bafite kugira ngo mu gutegura isomo ateganye uburyo n’inzira aza gukoresha bitagira uwo biheza. Umwarimu agena imfashanyigisho, agategura aho abanyeshuri bigira bitewe n’isomo ashaka kwigisha. Hari isomo ryatangwa neza ari uko ribereye hanze cyangwa se mu ishuri, rikorewe mu matsinda cyangwa abanyeshuri bari hamwe bose, byose biterwa n’imiterere y’isomo ndetse n’aho bigira.

Ni ngombwa rwose guteganya urusobe rw’imyitozo mpamyanyigisho, igakosorerwa ahagaragara, maze abanyeshuri bose bakamenya ibisubizo nyabyo n’uko babigeraho. Uburyo bwo kurinda umunyeshuri umunaniro ni ukunyuranya mu isomo

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imyanya ikomeye y’ingutu ituma umunyeshuri adahuga (atega amatwi, agasubira mu bivuzwe, agasobanura, agakosora, agasomera abandi, agasiganuza...) n’iy’induhura, itanga akanya ko guta akuka nko kuganira, gusakuza, gukina... 3. UBURYO BWO GUKORA ISUZUMA Isuzuma ni ikurikirana ry'imyigire y‘umunyeshuri hakusanywa ibimenyetso bijyanye n'uburyo buri munyeshuri yiga ndetse no gufata umwanzuro ku byo umunyeshuri yagezeho hashingiwe ku bipimo byagenwe mbere yo gukora isuzuma. Isuzuma ni igice k'ikigenzi mu myigire n'imyigishirize. Muri iyi nteganyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi, isuzuma na ryo rigomba gushingira ku bushobozi, aho umunyeshuri ashobora gukora umwitozo ujyanye n'ubuzima bwa buri munsi ashyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize. Isuzuma riteganyijwe ku buryo bukurikira: hari isuzuma rikorerwa mu ishuri, ku rwego rw’ikigo n’urw'Akarere. Hari kandi isuzuma ryo kureba ibyagezweho mu myigire mu mashuri yo mu Rwanda ndetse n'ibizamini bya Leta. 3.1. Ubwoko bw'isuzuma

3.1.1. Isuzuma rinoza imyigire n’imyigishirize

Mu isuzuma rinoza imyigire n'imyigishirize hakoreshwa uburyo buziguye n’ubutaziguye busanzwe bukoreshwa n'amashuri mu gusuzuma ko abanyeshuri biga uko bikwiye. Mu gihe umwarimu ategura isomo rye, agomba kugena ingingo ngenderwaho mu gusuzuma urwego rw’ubushobozi (ubumenyi, ubumenyi ngiro n’ubukesha) abanyeshuri bategerejwe kugeraho. Mu gusoza umutwe, umwarimu asuzuma niba abanyeshuri bose bashoboye kugera uko bikwiye ku bushobozi bw'ingenzi bugamijwe ahereye ku bigenderwaho mu isuzuma byateganyijwe mu ntangiro y’umutwe. Umwarimu azasuzuma uko abanyeshuri bagaragaza ubushobozi bukubiye mu byigwa ndetse n’ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo. Ibi bizafasha umwarimu kubona ishusho rusange y'iterambere mu myigire y'abanyeshuri. Mu isuzuma, umwarimu azakoresha bumwe cyangwa impurirane y'uburyo bukurikira:(a) kwitegereza, (b) ibibazo basubiza bandika , (c) ibibazo basubiza bavuga. 3.1.2. Isuzuma rikomatanya Igihe isuzuma rikozwe rigamije gusoza igihembwe, umwaka cyangwa ikiciro no gufata ikemezo cyo gukomeza, ryitwa isuzuma rikomatanya. Isuzuma rikomatanya rigamije kureba intera umunyeshuri agezeho rigaragaza ishusho y'ubushobozi

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umunyeshuri amaze kugeraho mu gihe runaka kihariye. Intego y'ibanze y'isuzuma rikomatanya ni ugusuzuma niba ubushobozi bugamijwe bwaragezweho. Ibivuye mu isuzuma rikomatanya bishingirwaho mu gufata ikemezo cyo gukomeza ku ntera yisumbuye mu myigire y’umunyeshuri nko kwimurirwa mu kiciro gikurikira cyangwa guhabwa impamyabushobozi. Iri suzuma rigomba gukomatanya ibyo umunyeshuri yize, hakarebwa niba agaragaza ubushobozi bugamijwe bwari buteganyijwe. Iri suzuma rishobora gukorerwa ku rwego rw'ikigo k’ishuri, akarere cyangwa ku rwego rw’igihugu nk'ibizamini bya Leta. Ku rwego rw'ishuri iri suzuma rikorwa rimwe mu gihembwe ndetse n'iyo umwaka urangiye. Impuzandego y'amanota y'isuzuma rikomatanya kuri buri nyigisho izongerwa ku manota y'ibizamini bya Leta. Ni ukuvuga ko hari ijanisha ry'amanota y'isuzuma rikorerwa ku rwego rw'ishuri rizongerwa ku manota y'ibizamini bya Leta. Iri janisha rizagenda ryiyongera bitewe n'uko abarimu bagenda bunguka ubunararibonye mu buryo bwo gusuzuma ku buryo nyuma y’imyaka itatu uhereye igihe iyi nteganyanyigisho itangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ayo manota azongerwa ku bizamini bya Leta azaba ari 10% y'impuzandengo y'amanota yo mu ishuri. Icyakora iri janisha rizagenda ryiyongera. Uturere tuzahabwa ubushobozi bwo gukomeza gufata iya mbere mu gukoresha isuzuma rikomatanya mu mashuri yose mu gukurikirana imyigire ndetse n'intera abanyeshuri bagezeho mu mashuri yabo. Hazajya hakorwa ibizamini bya Leta bisoza ibyiciro bikurikira: amashuri abanza, ikiciro rusange n’ikiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri yisumbuye. 3.2. Kubika inyandiko igaragaza ibyavuye mu isuzuma Kubika inyandiko igaragaza ibyavuye mu isuzuma ni ugukusanya ibigaragaraza ko isuzuma ryakozwe no kubiha agaciro hagendewe ku bipimo byagenwe mbere. Uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwaba bwakoreshejwe mu isuzuma bugomba gutanga amakuru abarwa mu manota yandikwa cyangwa hakoreshejwe ibindi bipimo, bikabikwa neza ku buryo hagaragazwa intambwe igenda iterwa mu myigire. Ibi bigira uruhare mu gutegura ibikorwa cyangwa ingamba zihariye bituma inyigisho zumvikana kurushaho. Ibyavuye mu isuzuma kandi bishingirwaho n’umwarimu mu gihe atanga inama ku banyeshuri n'ababyeyi. Ubu buryo bujyanye no kubika mu idosiye imwe (mu nyandiko cyangwa ku buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga) amasuzuma yose y'umunyeshuri ndetse n'ibyayavuyemo bugaragaza aho umunyeshuri afite intege nke cyangwa adafite ibibazo mu myigire ye. Kubika mu idosiye imwe inyandiko igaragaza amasuzuma umunyeshuri yakoze, ntabwo ari ukubika gusa impapuro z'amasuzuma yakozwe (impapuro n'imikoro), ahubwo ni no kubika inyandiko z'imyitozo yose umunyeshuri akora ijyanye

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n'imyigire ye. Ibyavuye mu isuzuma ni byo bizagaragaza ko umunyeshuri yakurikiye neza mu ishuri mbere y'uko akora isuzuma risoza. 3.3. Gutegura ibibazo by'isuzuma rikomatanya Mbere yo kwandika ibibazo by'isuzuma, ni ngombwa gukora imbonerahamwe y'ibigomba kubazwaho herekanwa:

Imitwe cyangwa inyigisho byibandwaho mu isuzuma; Umubare w'ibibazo hashingiwe ku nzego z'intego z'imyigire n'imyigishirize zagenwe na Bulumu (Bloom); Amanota agenewe buri kibazo.

Mu nteganyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi, ibibazo biri ku ntera zo hejuru ku rwego rw'intego rwa Bulumu (Bloom) bigomba guhabwa umwanya ugaragara kurusha ibibazo bishingiye ku ntera zo hasi zijyanye cyane cyane n’ubumenyi. Mbere yo kwandika ibibazo, ubyandika agomba kureba neza ko ibibazo by'isuzuma bijyanye n'isuzuma rishingiye ku bushobozi hitabwa kuri ibi bikurikira:

Kugena inyigisho yibandaho ahereye ku byo integanyanyigisho iteganya; Kugaragaza ingingo z’ibyigwa zishingirwaho mu isuzuma; Kugena intego zigamijwe zigomba gusuzumwa; Gukora imbonerahamwe igaragaza ibigenderwaho by'ingezi mu isuzuma; Kugenzura ko inshinga zakoreshejwe mu kwandika ibibazo zidasaba gusubiza ibibazo basubiramo ijambo ku ijambo

ibyo bize gusa, ko ahubwo n'ubushobozi rusange buri mu nteganyanyigisho bwasuzumwe.

3.4. Imiterere y'ibigomba gusuzumwa mu nyigisho y'Ikinyarwanda Isuzuma ry'inyigisho y'Ikinyarwanda rigizwe n'ibice bine by'ingenzi:

Kumva no gusesengura umwaniko; Ikibonezamvugo; Ubumenyi rusange bw'ururimi;

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Ihimbamwandiko. Mu Kinyarwanda imyinshi mu myitozo y’isuzuma igomba gufasha abanyeshuri gukoresha amagambo bungutse. Imyitozo mfuturamvugo iyo ari yo yose igomba kwitabwaho kimwe n’iyo gutinyura abanyeshuri, bityo bigahura n’ihame ko bagomba kwiga ariko na none bakiyigisha. Mu myigishirize yo gusoma no kwandika, imyitozo y’isuzuma izaba ishingiye ku gusoma no kwandika. Buri ntego igomba kugira isuzuma, mu ntera zose zituma igerwaho. Isuzuma rero rihoraho mu nyigisho(imikoro, amarushanwa, isiganuza, ibizami....). Nta kwibagirwa n’utwitozo tw’induhura nk’udusakuzo, udukino, utwo gufindura, utubyino, udukuru.... twajya dukurikira imyanya y’ingutu tugatuma umunyeshuri yiga yishimye. 3.5. Gukorera ababyeyi raporo y'isuzuma Integanyayigisho y’Ikinyarwanda iteganya ko ababyeyi bahabwa raporo y'intambwe abanyeshuri bagenda batera mu myigire yabo. Ntabwo amanota yonyine ahagije mu kwerekana ko abanyeshuri bageze ku bigamijwe mu ntego z'amasomo. Icyafasha cyane ni ukwerekana aho abanyeshuri bagaragaza ubushobozi bugamijwe n'aho bafite intege nke hakenewe gushyirwamo imbaraga.

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4. IBIZAKENERWA MU ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RY’IYI NTEGANYANYIGISHO Kugira ngo iyi nteganyanyigisho ishyirwe mu bikorwa ni ngombwa ko ibitabo bihagije hamwe n’izindi mfashanyigisho bigezwa mu mashuri. Hakenewe rero isomero kuri buri kigo mu rwego rwo gufasha umwarimu n’umunyeshuri kwibonera imfashanyigisho. Mu myigishirize mishya y’Ikinyarwanda byaba byiza hateganyijwe uburyo bw’iyumvabona (gukoresha tereviziyo na sinema), imfashanyigisho zitegwa amatwi ndetse n’ibinyamakuru. Hagomba abarimu bashoboye kwigisha isomo ry’Ikinyarwanda no guhugura abasigaye kugira ngo bibafashe mu myigishirize mishya y’urwo rurimi. Ni ngombwa kwita ku bwuzuzanye bw’Ikinyarwanda n’izindi nyigisho. Mu byigishwa byose, ururimi rwigishirizwamo rugomba gukoreshwa ku buryo bukwiye haba mu mvugo cyangwa mu nyandiko. Umwarimu akwiriye kumenya ibibazo n’ingorane abanyeshuri bafite kugira ngo ashobore gutanga neza isomo rye. Agomba kwita ku banyeshuri batabona neza abicaza ahababoneye kandi akandika inyuguti zigaragara kugira ngo bose bazibone. Abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva na bo umwarimu abitaho akoresha imvugo y’amarenga kugira ngo babashe gusobanukirwa neza cyangwa avuga cyane yatura kugira ngo abanyeshuri bose babashe kumva. Hari ikindi gice cy’abanyeshuri badafata vuba na cyo umwarimu agomba kwitaho byaba ngombwa akabagenera umwanya wihariye kugira ngo bashobore kujyana n’abandi.

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5. IMITERERE Y’UMUTWE MURI IYI NTEGANYANYIGISHO Inyigisho y'Ikinyarwanda yigwa mu kiciro cya mbere cy'amashuri abanza nk'isomo. Ibyigwa mu kiciro cya mbere cy'amashuri abanza bikubiye mu mitwe 25. Ibyigwa mu mwaka wa mbere bikubiye mu mitwe ikenda naho mu mwaka wa kabiri n’uwa gatatu biri mu mitwe umunani muri buri mwaka. Umutwe ushingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko iherwaho kugira ngo abanyeshuri bashobore kwiga gusoma no kwandika inyajwi, ingombajwi ndetse n’ibihekane. Integanyanyigisho ya buri mwaka ibanzirizwa n’ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe muri uwo mwaka, hagakurikiraho imbumbanyigisho zigabanyijwemo inyigisho zinyuranye naho inyigisho ikaba igabanyijwemo imitwe inyuranye. Buri mutwe ugira ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe kugerwaho umutwe wose umaze kwigwa. Kugira ngo ubwo bushobozi bugerweho, hari intego z’ubumenyi, z’ubumenyi ngiro n’iz’ubukesha bifasha umwarimu mu gutegura no gutanga isomo rye ashingiye ku byigwa binyuranye bigizwe n’inyajwi, ingombajwi, ibihekane n’ingingo zikubiye mu nsanganyamatsiko iri mu mutwe. Intego zijyanye n'ubumenyi, umuntu yavuga ko ari zo ziri ku rwego rw'ibanze. Intego zijyanye n'ubumenyi ngiro ndetse n'ubukesha, umuntu yavuga ko ziri ku rwego rwisumbuye. Uru rwego rw'intego ni rwo rwibanzweho cyane mu ivugurura ry'iyi nteganyanyigisho. Mu mwaka wa mbere abanyeshuri baziga kwandika no gusoma inyajwi mu cyapa, ingombajwi zose z’Ikinyarwanda ndetse n’ibihekane bike bikunda gukoreshwa cyane. Mu byumweru bibiri bya mbere by’igihembwe cya mbere mu mwaka wa mbere, abanyeshuri bitoza kuririmba itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda hagamijwe guhuza inyuguti n’amajwi yazo. Muri ibyo byumweru ni na bwo bitoza gufata ikaramu baca imisharabiko inyuranye. Mu mwaka wa kabiri baziga ibihekane hafi ya byose hasigare bike bidakunze gukoreshwa cyane bizigwa mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka wa gatatu. Mu mwaka wa kabiri kandi ni bwo umukono uzatangira kwigishwa. Mu mwaka wa gatatu guhera mu gihembwe cya kabiri abanyeshuri bazahabwa umwanya uhagije wo gusoma no gusesengura imyandiko inyuranye ndetse no kunonosora imyandikire biga utwatuzo dukunze gukoreshwa cyane. Kugira ngo umunyeshuri agire uruhare mu myigire ye, hateganyijwe kandi ibikorwa by’umunyeshuri bimufasha gukora ubushakashatsi, gukorera mu matsinda kandi bigatuma yubaka ubushobozi nsanganyamasomo. Nyuma ya buri mutwe hari ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma rigamije kugenzura ko ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe bwagezweho uko bikwiye. Hateganywa kandi imfashanyigisho umwarimu yakwifashisha kugira ngo abashe gutanga isomo rye ku buryo buboneye.

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5.1. Umwaka wa mbere 5.1.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe nyuma y’umwaka wa mbere Umunyeshuri urangije umwaka wa mbere agomba kuba ashobora:

Kwandika mu cyapa((inyuguti nkuru n'intoya) amagambo n'interuro by'Ikinyarwanda bigizwe n'inyuguti zigize itonde ry'Ikinyarwanda ndetse n'ibihekane byigwa mu mwaka wa mbere;

Gusoma mu cyapa ((inyuguti nkuru n'intoya) amagambo, interuro cyangwa utwandiko tugufi turimo inyuguti zigize itonde ry'Ikinyarwanda ndetse n'ibihekane byigwa mu mwaka wa mbere.

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5.1.2. Imbonerahamwe y’imitwe y‘amasomo mu mwaka wa mbere IMBUMBANYIGISHO: UBUSHOBOZI BWO GUKORESHA URURIMI MU MVUGO NO MU NYANDIKO N’UBUMENYI MU MIKORESHEREZE Y’URURIMI

INYIGISHO: KUMVA, KUVUGA, GUSOMA NO KWANDIKA INYAJWI N’INYUNGURAMAGAMBO

IKINYARWANDA: Umwaka wa mbere w’amashuri abanza.

UMUTWE WA 1 : Umuco n’indangagaciro Umubare w’amasomo: 40

Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe: Gusoma no kwandika inyajwi i na u no kuzitahura mu magambo no mu nteruro ndetse no mu twandiko tuvuga ku muco n’indangagaciro.

Intego Ibyigwa Ibikorwa by’umunyeshuri Ubumenyi Ubumenyi ngiro Ubukesha

- Gusobanura amagambo akomeye;

- Gusobanura bimwe mu bigize umuco n’indangagaciro bigaragara mu mwandiko;

- Guhuza inyuguti n’amajwi yazo;

- Gufata mu mutwe itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda;.

- -Kurondora no gutandukanya imisharabiko;

- Gutahura inyajwi i,

- Kuririmba injyana y’itonde ry’inyuguti zose z’Ikinyarwanda;

- Gufata ikaramu uko bikwiye;

- Guca imisharabiko;

- Gusoma amashusho, amakarita y’inyuguti, inyajwi i n’inyajwi u mu cyapa, mu nyuguti nto n’inkuru;

- Kwandika inyajwi i n’inyajwi u mu cyapa no mu

- Kugaragagaza amatsiko yo gusoma amashusho, amagambo, n’imyandiko byanditse mu cyapa;

- Gushima no kunenga abavugwa mu nkuru;

- Kugaragaza ibikorwa by’imibanire myiza n’abandi-

- Kugaragaza

- Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda;

- Imisharabiko; Udukuru ku ngingo zerekeye: - Indamukanyo; - Gutizanya ibikoresho; - Ikinyabupfura; - Gutabarana; - Amagambo arimo

inyajwi i n’inyajwi u zizwe.

Urugero: igiti, ikibiriti, ifi, igi, ukuguru, umutuku, ubururu, umuvumu, uruvu. Imivugo n’imikino biri

- Gusubiramo no kuririmba itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda hagamijwe guhuza inyuguti n’amajwi yazo;

- Gutondagura imivugo no gukina udukino tw’abana twiganjemo inyuguti zigize itonde ry’Ikinyarwanda;

- Guca imisharabiko itandukanye;

- Guhera ku mfashanyigisho zinyuranye cyangwa ku gakuru byiganjemo inyajwi i cyangwa u, agatahura inyajwi yigwa mu magambo yumvise;

- Guhera ku ngero

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n’inyajwi u mu magambo no mu nteruro;

nyuguti nto n’inkuru;

- Kuvuga imyifatire y’abantu bavugwa mu gakuru yasomewe;

- Kubara udukuru yumvanye abo mu rugo mu magambo ye;

- Kubara agakuru yumviye mu ishuri mu magambo ye;

- Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize bijyanye n’indamukanyo, gutizanya ibikoresho, ikinyabupfura no gutabarana-

- Gusesengura udukuru tugufi turi ku rwego rwe.

imbamutima ze. - Kugaragaza

umuco wo kuramukanya, gutizanya ibikoresho, ikinyabupfura no gutabarana-

- Kugaragaza umuhati wo kwiga gusoma no kwandika.

ku kigero cy’abana; - Inyajwi i. - Inyajwi u.

z’amagambo yatahuwe mu dukuru, agatahura andi magambo yiganjemo inyajwi i cyangwa u;

- Gusubiza ibibazo bitandukanye ku dukuru yasomewe;

- -Gukorera mu matsinda bibukiranya ibyasomwe mu myandiko migufi no kubihuza n’ubuzima busanzwe;

- Kujya impaka zijyanye n’umuco n’indangagaciro;

- Kwigana no gukina ibikorwa by’abavugwa mu gakuru;

- Gushushanya no guhuza amashusho n’inkuru;

- Guhera ku nkuru yasomewe, agashaka kandi akavuga irindi herezo ry’inkuru bikorewe mu matsinda;

- Kuvuga no kubwira abandi ibyo yumvise cyangwa atekereza ahereye ku dukuru ku ngingo yo kudasagarira abandi, gufashanya, gusaba no gutanga imbabazi;

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- Gusoma inyajwi i cyangwa u;

- Gutahura imisharabiko n’inyajwi byigwa cyangwa byizwe mu magambo no mu nteruro;

- Kugaragaza umubare w’inyajwi i cyangwa u zumvikana cyangwa zigaragara mu magambo, mu nteruro cyangwa mu twandiko tugufi twasomwe-

- Kwandika mu cyapa inyajwi i cyangwa u bayireba no kuyandika batayireba.

Ihuriro n’andi masomo : - Imibare: kubara inyajwi zizwe ziri mu magambo, mu nteruro no mu dukuru. - Imbonezamubano: indamukanyo, gutizanya ibikoresho, ikinyabupfura, gutabarana. - Muzika: injyana y’itonde ry’inyuguti, indirimbo n’imikino y’abana. - Ubugeni bwo gushushanya: gushushanya ibyo yumvise mu nkuru. Ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma : - Ubushobozi bwo gusoma atajijinganya inyajwi zizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo kwandika mu cyapa nta kosa inyajwi zizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko yasomewe. Imfashanyigisho: amakarita y’inyuguti, amashusho ajyanye n’inkuru, imfashanyigisho zifatika, imfashanyigisho z’iyumvabona, imfashanyigisho zitegwa amatwi, ibitabo byo gusoma biri ku kigero cy’abana, metero buhine, metero bushumi n’ibindi.

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IMBUMBANYIGISHO: UBUSHOBOZI BWO GUKORESHA URURIMI MU MVUGO NO MU NYANDIKO N’UBUMENYI MU MIKORESHEREZE Y’URURIMI

INYIGISHO: KUMVA, KUVUGA, GUSOMA NO KWANDIKA INYAJWI, INGOMBAJWI N’INYUNGURAMAGAMBO

IKINYARWANDA: Umwaka wa mbere w’amashuri abanza

UMUTWE WA 2 : Isuku Umubare w’amasomo: 56

Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe: Gusoma no kwandika inyajwi o, a, e, no gusoma no kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi r, k na b no kuzitahura mu magambo no mu nteruro ndetse no mu twandiko tuvuga ku isuku.


- Gufata mu mutwe itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda;


- Gusobanura ibijyanye n’isuku bigaragara mu mwandiko;


- Gutahura inyajwi o, inyajwi a, inyajwi e, ingombajwi r, ingombajwi k n’ingombajwi b mu magambo amwe avuga ku isuku.

- Kuririmba injyana y’itonde ry’inyuguti zose z’Ikinyarwanda;

- Gusoma amashusho, amakarita y’inyuguti: inyajwi o, inyajwi a, inyajwi e, ingombajwi r, ingombajwi k n’ingombajwi b mu cyapa, mu nyuguti nto n’inkuru;

- Kwandika inyajwi o, inyajwi a, inyajwi e, ingombajwi r, ingombajwi k n’ingombajwi b mu

- Kugaragagaza amatsiko yo gusoma amashusho, amagambo, n’utwandiko twanditse mu cyapa;


- Kugaragaza imbamutima ze;

- Kwitabira ibikorwa by’isuku yo ku mubiri,

- Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda.

inyajwi o, inyajwi a, inyajwi e, ingombajwi r, ingombajwi k, ingombajwi b; Ingingo zerekeye: - Isuku yo ku mubiri, - Isuku y’amazuru,

iy’amenyo n’iy’amatwi;

- isuku y’ibikoresho byo mu rugo,

- Isuku y’ibiribwa, - Isuku y’ibinyobwa - Isuku y’imyambaro; - Amagambo yiganjemo

- Gusubiramo no kuririmba itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda hagamijwe guhuza inyuguti n’amajwi yazo;


- Guhera ku mfashanyigisho zinyuranye cyangwa ku gakuru byiganjemo inyajwi o, a cyangwa e, ingombajwi r, k cyangwa b, agatahura inyajwi cyangwa ingombajwi yigwa mu magambo yumvise;

- Guhera ku ngero z’amagambo yatahuwe mu

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cyapa no mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;.

- Kuvuga imyifatire y’abanyarubuga;


- Kubara agakuru yumviye mu ishuri cyangwa se yasomye mu magambo ye;

- Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize bijyanye n’isuku y’umubiri, isuku y’amazuru, isuku y’amenyo n’iy’amatwi, isuku y’ibikoresho byo mu rugo, isuku y’ibiribwa, isuku y’ibinyobwa n’isuku y’imyambaro;

- Gusesengura udukuru tugufi turi

isuku y’amazuru, isuku y’amenyo n’iy’amatwi; --Isuku y’ibikoresho byo mu rugo, isuku y’ibiribwa, iy’ibinyobwa n’iy’imyambaro;

- -Kugaragaza

umuhati wo kwiga gusoma no kwandika.

inyajwi o, inyajwi a, inyajwi e, ingombajwi r, ingombajwi k n’ingombajwi b zizwe;

Urugero: dodo, abana, ihene, ururo, Karake, kubabara... Imivugo n’imikino biri ku kigero cy’abana.

dukuru, agatanga ingero z’andi magambo yiganjemo inyajwi o, a cyangwa e, ingombajwi r, k cyangwa b, atahura inyajwi cyangwa ingombajwi yigwa mu magambo yumvise;.

- Gusubiza ibibazo bitandukanye ku twandiko yasomewe cyangwa yisomeye;.

- Gukorera mu matsinda bibukiranya ibyasomwe mu twandiko tugufi no kubihuza n’ubuzima busanzwe;

- Guhera ku dukuru yasomewe, agashaka kandi akavuga irindi herezo ry’inkuru yasomwe bikorewe mu matsinda;

- Kujya impaka ku nsanganyamatsiko zijyanye n’isuku;.

- Kwigana no gukina ibikorwa by’abavugwa mu nkuru;


- Kuvuga no kubwira abandi ibyo yumvise cyangwa

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ku rwego rwe.

atekereza ahereye ku ngingo y’isuku yo ku mubiri, isuku y’amazuru, isuku y’amenyo n’iy’amatwi; isuku y’ibikoresho byo mu rugo, isuku y’ibiribwa, isuku y’ibinyobwa n’isuku y’imyambaro;

- Gusoma inyajwi o, a cyangwa e n’ingombajwi r, k cyangwa b;

- Gusoma amagambo n’interuro byiganjemo ingombajwi r, k cyangwa b;.

- Kugaragaza umubare w’inyajwi o, a cyangwa ingombwajwi r, k cyangwa b zumvikana cyangwa zigaragara mu magambo, mu nteruro cyangwa mu twandiko tugufi twasomwe;

- Kwandika inyajwi o, inyajwi a cyangwa inyajwi e, ingombajwi r, k cyangwa b mu cyapa bazireba no kuzandika batazireba;

- Kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi r, ingombajwi k

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n’ingombajwi b mu cyapa babireba no kubyandika batabireba;

- Gukora icyandikwa cy’amagambo n’interuro birimo inyuguti zizwe mu cyapa.

Ihuriro n’andi masomo : - Imibare: kubara inyajwi n’ingombajwi byizwe biri mu magambo, mu nteruro, mu dukuru twubakiye ku nsanganyamatsiko

y’isuku. - Imbonezamubano: isuku y’umubiri, isuku y’amazuru, amenyo n’amatwi, isuku y’ibikoresho byo mu rugo, isuku y’ibiribwa, isuku

y’ibinyobwa n’isuku y’imyambaro. - Muzika: injyana y’itonde ry’inyuguti, indirimbo n’imikino y’abana. - Ubugeni bwo gushushanya: gushushanya ibyo yumvise mu nkuru. Ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma : - Ubushobozi bwo gusoma atajijinganya, atagemura amagambo n’interuro birimo inyajwi n’ingombajwi byizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo kwandika nta kosa amagambo n’interuro birimo inyajwi n’ingombajwi byizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko yasomye cyangwa yasomewe. Imfashanyigisho: amakarita y’ingombajwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika, amashusho ajyanye n’inkuru, imfashanyigisho zitegwa amatwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika zijyanye n’inyuguti zigwa, ibikoresho by’iyumvabona, ibitabo byo gusoma biri ku kigero cy’abana.

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INYIGISHO: KUMVA, KUVUGA, GUSOMA NO KWANDIKA INGOMBAJWI N’INYUNGURAMAGAMBO

IKINYARWANDA: Umwaka wa mberew’amashuri abanza

UMUTWE WA 3 : Umuryango Umubare w’amasomo: 24

Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe: Gusoma no kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi n na m no gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko tugufi dushingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’umuryango.


- Gufata mu mutwe itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda;


- Gusobanura ibijyanye n’umuryango bigaragara mu mwandiko;


- Gutahura ingombajwi n, ingombajwi m mu magambo amwe avuga ku masano y’ibanze, n’inshingano z’abagize umuryango w’ibanze.

- Gusoma amashusho, amakarita y’inyuguti: ingombajwi n, ingombajwi m mu cyapa, mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;

- Kwandika ingombajwi n, ingombajwi m mu cyapa no mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;



- Kubara udukuru yumviye mu



- Kugaragaza ibyishimo afitiye umuryango no kuwuha agaciro;


- -Kwitabira ibikorwa

- Ingombajwi n, - Ingombajwi m. Ingingo zerekeye: - Amasano y’ibanze, - Inshingano z’abagize

umuryango w’ibanze;

- Amagambo arimo ingombajwi n, n’ingombajwi m zizwe;

Urugero : ino, inoni, mama, inuma, urunana, Mukamana. - Uturirimbo, imivugo

n’imikino biri ku kigero cy’abana.

- Gusubiramo no kuririmba inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda hagamijwe guhuza inyuguti n’amajwi yazo ;

- Gutondagura imivugo no gukina udukino tw’abana twiganjemo inyuguti zigize itonde ry’Ikinyarwanda ;

- Guhera ku mfashanyigisho zinyuranye cyangwa ku gakuru byiganjemo ingombajwi n cyangwa m, agatahura ingombajwi yigwa mu magambo yumvise ;

- Guhera ku ngero z’amagambo yatahuwe mu dukuru, agatanga ingero z’andi magambo yiganjemo ingombajwi n cyangwa m, atahura ingombajwi yigwa mu magambo yumvise ;

- Gusubiza ibibazo bitandukanye ku twandiko

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ishuri cyangwa yasomye mu magambo ye;

- Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize bijyanye n’amasano y’ibanze, n’inshingano z’abagize umuryango w’ibanze;


bijyanye n’inshingano z’abagize umuryango;


yasomewe cyangwa yasomye ;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bibukiranya ibyasomwe mu twandiko tugufi no kubihuza n’ubuzima busanzwe ;

- Kujya impaka ku nsanganyamatsiko zijyanye n’inshingano z’abagize umuryango ;

- Kwigana no gukina ibikorwa by’abavugwa mu nkuru ;


- Guhera ku gakuru yasomewe, agashaka kandi akavuga irindi herezo ry’inkuru yasomwe bikorewe mu matsinda;

- Kuvuga no kubwira abandi ibyo yumvise cyangwa atekereza ahereye ku dukuru ku ngingo y’amasano y’ibanze n’inshingano z’abagize umuryango w’ibanze;

- Gusoma ingombajwi n cyangwa m;

- Gusoma amagambo n’interuro byiganjemo ingombajwi n cyangwa m;

- Kugaragaza umubare w’ingombajwi n cyangwa m

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yumvikana cyangwa igaragara mu magambo, mu nteruro cyangwa mu twandiko tugufi twasomwe;

- Kwandika ingombajwi n, ingombajwi m mu cyapa bazireba no kuzandika batazireba;

- Kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi n, ingombajwi m mu cyapa babireba no kubyandika batabireba;


Ihuriro n’andi masomo : - Imibare: kubara ingombajwi zizwe ziri mu magambo, mu nteruro, mu dukuru twubakiye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’umuryango mu ngingo y’amasano y’ibanze n’inshingano z’abagize umuryango w’ibanze. - Imbonezamubano: amasano y’ibanze, inshingano z’abagize umuryango. - Muzika: injyana y’itonde ry’inyuguti, indirimbo n’imikino y’abana. - Ubugeni bwo gushushanya: gushushanya ibyo yumvise mu nkuru. Ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma : - Ubushobozi bwo gusoma atajijinganya, atagemura amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi zizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo kwandika nta kosa, amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi byizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko yasomye cyangwa yasomewe. Imfashanyigisho: Amakarita y’ingombajwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika, amashusho ajyanye n’inkuru, imfashanyigisho zitegwa amatwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika zijyanye n’inyuguti zigwa, ibikoresho by’iyumvabona, ibitabo byo gusoma biri ku kigero cy’abana.

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INYIGISHO : KUMVA, KUVUGA, GUSOMA NO KWANDIKA INGOMBAJWI N’INYUNGURAMAGAMBO


UMUTWE WA 4 : Ibidukikije Umubare w’amasomo: 40

Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe: Gusoma no kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi g, y, t, z no gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko tugufi dushingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’ibidukikije.




- Gusobanura bimwe mu bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko y’ibidukikije bigaragara mu mwandiko;

- Gutahura ingombajwi g, ingombajwi y, ingombajwi t n’ingombajwi z mu magambo amwe avuga ku bidukikije;

- Gusoma amashusho, amakarita y’inyuguti: ingombajwi g, ingombajwi y, ingombajwi t n’ingombajwi z mu cyapa, mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;

- Kwandika ingombajwi g, ingombajwi y, ingombajwi t n’ingombajwi z mu cyapa no mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;.

- Kuvuga imyifatire y’abanyarubuga.

- Kubara udukuru yumvanye abo mu



- Kugaragaza ko yishimiye kubungabunga ibidukikije;



Inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda: - ingombajwi g;, - ingombajwi y; - ingombajwi t; - ingombajwi z; Ingingo zerekeye: - Ibimera; - Imisozi n’ibibaya; - Amazi; - Umwuka duhumeka. Amagambo n’interuro birimo: ingombajwi g; ingombajwi y; ingombajwi t; ingombajwi z zizwe. Urugero: igi, ikigega, itutu, Murekatete, umuyaga, uruyuki,


- Guhera ku mfashanyigisho zinyuranye cyangwa ku gakuru byiganjemo ingombajwi g, y, t cyangwa z, agatahura ingombajwi yigwa mu magambo n’interuro yumvise;.

- Guhera ku ngero z’amagambo yatahuwe mu dukuru, atanga ingero z’ andi magambo n’interuro byiganjemo ingombajwi g, y, t cyangwa z, agatahura ingomajwi yigwa mu magambo n’interuro yumvise;

- Gusubiza ibibazo bitandukanye ku twandiko

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rugo mu magambo ye;

- Kubara agakuru yumviye mu ishuri cyangwa yasomye mu magambo ye;

- Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize bijyanye n’ibimera, imisozi n’ibibaya, amazi n’umwuka duhumeka;


- - .

Zakariya, izuru, izuba. - Uturirimbo,

imivugo n’imikino biri ku kigero cy’abana.

yasomewe cyangwa yasomye;


- Kujya impaka ku nsanganyamatsiko zijyanye n’ibidukikije;

- Kwigana no gukina ibikorwa bw’abavugwa mu nkuru;


- Guhera ku dukuru twasomwe, agashaka kandi akavuga irindi herezo ry’inkuru yasomwe bikorewe mu matsinda;

- Kuvuga no kubwira abandi ibyo yumvise, yasomye cyangwa atekereza ahereye ku dukuru ku ngingo y’ibimera, imisozi n’ibibaya, amazi n’umwuka duhumeka;

- Gusoma amagambo n’interuro byiganjemo ingombajwi g, y, t cyangwa z;

- Kugaragaza umubare w’ingombajwi g, y, t cyangwa z zumvikana cyangwa zigaragara mu

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magambo, mu nteruro no mu twandiko tugufi twasomwe ;

- Kwandika ingombajwi g, ingombajwi y, ingombajwi t n’ingombajwi z mu cyapa bazireba no kuzandika batazireba ;

- Kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi g, ingombajwi y, ingombajwi t n’ingombajwi z mu cyapa babireba no kubyandika batabireba ;


Ihuriro n’andi masomo : - Imibare : kubara ingombajwi zizwe ziri mu magambo, mu nteruro, mu dukuru twubakiye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’ibidukikije. - Imbonezamubano : ibimera, imisozi n’ibibaya, amazi, umwuka duhumeka. - Muzika: injyana y’itonde ry’inyuguti, indirimbo n’imikino y’abana. - Ubugeni bwo gushushanya: gushushanya ibyo yumvise mu nkuru. Ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma: - Ubushobozi bwo gusoma atajijinganya, atagemura amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi zizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo kwandika nta kosa, amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi zizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko yasomye cyangwa yasomewe. Imfashanyigisho: Amakarita y’ingombajwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika, amashusho ajyanye n’inkuru, imfashanyigisho zitegwa amatwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika zijyanye n’inyuguti zigwa, ibikoresho by’iyumvabona, ibitabo byo gusoma biri ku kigero cy’abana.

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UMUTWE WA 5: Uburenganzira bw’umwana Umubare w’amasomo: 32

Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe: Gusoma no kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi h, s na v no gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko tugufi dushingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’uburenganzira bw’umwana.

Intego Ibyigwa Ibikorwa by’umunyeshuri Ubumenyi Ubumenyi ngiro Ubukesha - Guhuza inyuguti

n’amajwi yazo; - Gusobanura

amagambo akomeye; - Gusobanura bimwe

mu bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko ijyanye n’uburenganzira bw’umwana;

- Gutahura ingombajwi h, ingombajwi s n’ingombajwi v mu magambo amwe avuga ku burenganzira bw’umwana.

- Gusoma amashusho, amakarita y’inyuguti, ingombajwi h, ingombajwi s n’ingombajwi v mu cyapa, mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;

- Kwandika ingombajwi h, ingombajwi s n’ingombajwi v mu cyapa no mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;



- Kubara agakuru

- Kugaragagaza amatsiko yo gusoma amashusho, amagambo, n’utwandiko byanditse mu cyapa;

- Kwitabira kwandika amagambo n’interuro ngufi mu cyapa;


- Kugaragaza umuco wo kurenganura abandi no kwirengera;


- Kugaragaza umuhati wo kwiga

Inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda: - ingombajwi h; - ingombajwi s; - ingombajwi v; Ingingo zerekeye: - Uburenganzira bwo

kwiga; - Uburenganzira bwo

kurya no kuvuzwa; - Uburenganzira bwo

gukina no kwidagadura;

Amagambo n’interuro birimo: ingombajwi h, s cyangwa v. n’ingombajwi v zizwe. Urugero: igihaha, umuheha, isusa, isaso, ivu, ivata. -Uturirimbo, imivugo n’udukino biri ku kigero cyabo.

- Gusubiramo no kuririmba uturirimbo turimo inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda hagamijwe guhuza inyuguti n’amajwi yazo;

- Guhera ku mfashanyigisho zinyuranye cyangwa ku gakuru byiganjemo ingombajwi h, s cyangwa v, agatahura ingombajwi yigwa mu magambo n’interuro yumvise;

- Guhera ku ngero z’amagambo yatahuwe mu dukuru, agatanga ingero z’ andi magambo n’interuro byiganjemo ingombajwi h, s cyangwa v;

- Gusubiza ibibazo

bitandukanye ku twandiko yasomye cyangwa yasomewe;

- Gukorera mu matsinda

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yumviye mu ishuri cyangwa yasomye mu magambo ye;

- Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo kwiga, uburenganzira bwo kurya neza no kuvuzwa ndetse n’uburenganzira bwo gukina no kwidagadura;

- Gusesengura utwandiko tugufi ku rwego rwe.

gusoma no kwandika.

bibukiranya ibyasomwe mu twandiko tugufi no kubihuza n’ubuzima busanzwe;

- Kujya impaka ku nsanganyamatsiko ijyanye n’uburenganzira bw’umwana;

- Kwigana no gukina ibikorwa by’abavugwa mu nkuru;



- Kuvuga no kubwira abandi ibyo yumvise, yasomye cyangwa atekereza ahereye ku dukuru ku ngingo y’uburenganzira bwo kwiga, uburenganzira bwo kurya neza no kuvuzwa ndetse n’uburenganzira bwo gukina no kwidagadura;

- Gusoma ingombajwi h, s cyangwa v;

- Kugaragaza umubare w’ingombajwi h, s cyangwa v zumvikana cyangwa zigaragara mu magambo, mu nteruro no mu twandiko tugufi twasomwe;

- Kwandika ingombajwi h,

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ingombajwi s n’ingombajwi v mu cyapa bazireba no kuzandika batazireba;

- Kwandika amagambo n’interuro byiganjemo ingombajwi h, s cyangwa v mu cyapa bazireba no kuzandika batazireba;


Ihuriro n’andi masomo : - Imibare: kubara ingombajwi zizwe ziri mu magambo, mu nteruro, mu dukuru twubakiye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’uburenganzira bw’umwana mu ngingo y’uburenganzira bwo kwiga, y’uburenganzira bwo kurya neza no kuvuzwa, iy’uburenzura bwo gukina no kwidagadura. - Imbonezamubano: uburenganzira bwo kwiga, uburenganzira bwo kurya neza no kuvuzwa, uburenzura bwo gukina no kwidagadura. - Muzika: injyana y’itonde ry’inyuguti, indirimbo n’imikino y’abana. - Ubugeni bwo gushushanya: gushushanya ibyo yumvise mu nkuru. Ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma : - Ubushobozi bwo gusoma atajijinganya, atagemura amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi zizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo kwandika nta kosa, amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi zizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko yasomye cyangwa yasomewe.

Imfashanyigisho: Amakarita y’ingombajwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika, amashusho ajyanye n’inkuru, imfashanyigisho zitegwa amatwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika zijyanye n’inyuguti zigwa, ibikoresho by’iyumvabona, ibitabo byo gusoma biri ku kigero cy’abana.

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UMUTWE WA 6: Kwirinda no gukumira ihohoterwa

Umubare w’amasomo: 24

Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe: Gusoma no kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi w, c na d no gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko tugufi dushingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko yo kwirinda no gukumira ihohoterwa.




- Gusobanura bimwe mu bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko ijyanye yo kwirinda no gukumira ihohoterwa bigaragara mu mwandiko;

- Gutahura ingombajwi w n’ingombajwi c, d mu magambo amwe avuga ku kwirinda no gukumira ihohoterwa.

- Gusoma amashusho, amakarita y’inyuguti: ingombajwi w n’ingombajwi c, d mu cyapa, mu nyuguti nkuru n’into.

- Kwandika ingombajwi w, ingombajwi c n’ingombajwi d mu cyapa no mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;



- Kubara agakuru yumviye mu ishuri

- Kugaragagaza amatsiko yo gusoma amashusho, amagambo, n’utwandiko twanditse mu cyapa.

- Kugaragagaza umuco wo kwandika amagambo n’interuro ngufi mu cyapa.

- Gushima no kunenga abavugwa mu nkuru.

- Kugaragaza umuco wo kurenganura abandi no kwirengera.

- Kugaragaza

Inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda: - ingombajwi w; - ingombajwi c ; - ingombajwi d; Ingingo zerekeye: - Ihohotera rikoresha

abana imirimo irenze ubushobozi bwabo;

- Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina;

Amagambo n’interuro birimo: ingombajwi w, ingombajwi c n’ingombajwi d zizwe; Urugero : ikawa, Iwawa, ibicece, idodo Uturirimbo, imivugo n’udukino turi mu kigero cyabo.

- Gutondagura imivugo, kuririmba no gukina udukino tw’abana twiganjemo inyuguti zimaze kwigwa;

- Guhera ku mfashanyigisho zinyuranye cyangwa ku gakuru byiganjemo ingombajwi w, c cyangwa d, agatahura ingombajwi yigwa mu magambo n’interuro yumvise;

- Guhera ku ngero z’amagambo yatahuwe mu dukuru, agatanga ingero z’ andi magambo n’interuro byiganjemo ingombajwi w, c cyangwa v;

- Gusubiza ibibazo bitandukanye ku twandiko yasomewe cyangwa yasomye;

- Gukorera mu matsinda bibukiranya ibyasomwe mu

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cyangwa yasomye mu magambo ye;

- Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo kwiga, uburenganzira bwo kurya neza no kuvuzwa ndetse n’uburenganzira bwo gukina no kwidagadura;

- Gusesengura utwandiko tugufi turi ku rwego rwe

- .

imbamutima ze. - Kugaragaza

umuhati wo kwiga gusoma no kwandika.

twandiko tugufi no kubihuza n’ubuzima busanzwe;

- Kujya impaka ku nsanganyamatsiko ijyanye no kwirinda ihohoterwa rishingiye ku ikoreshwa ry’imirimo irenze ubushobozi;




- Kuvuga no kubwira abandi ibyo yumvise, yasomye cyangwa atekereza ahereye ku dukuru ku ngingo yo gukoreshwa imirimo irenze ubushobozi n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina;

- Gusoma ingombajwi w, cyangwa ingombajwi c na d;

- Kugaragaza umubare w’ingombajwi w n’ingombajwi c na d zumvikana cyangwa zigaragara mu magambo, mu nteruro no mu twandiko tugufi twasomwe;

- Kwandika ingombajwi w,

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ingombajwi c n’ingombajwi d mu cyapa bazireba no kuzandika batazireba;

- Kwandika amagambo n’interuro byiganjemo ingombajwi w, ingombajwi c n’ingombajwi d mu cyapa bazireba no kuzandika batazireba;


Ihuriro n’andi masomo : - Imibare: kubara ingombajwi zizwe ziri mu magambo, mu nteruro, mu dukuru twubakiye ku nsanganyamatsiko yo kwirinda no gukumira ihohoterwa mu ngingo yo gukoreshwa imirimo irenze ubushobozi, n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. - Imbonezamubano: gukoreshwa imirimo irenze ubushobozi, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. - Muzika: injyana y’itonde ry’inyuguti, indirimbo n’imikino y’abana. - Ubugeni bwo gushushanya: gushushanya ibyo yumvise mu nkuru. Ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma : - Ubushobozi bwo gusoma atajijinganya, atagemura amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi zizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo kwandika nta kosa, amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi zizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko yasomye cyangwa yasomewe. Imfashanyigisho: amakarita y’ingombajwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika, amashusho ajyanye n’inkuru, imfashanyigisho zitegwa amatwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika zijyanye n’inyuguti zigwa, ibikoresho by’iyumvabona, ibitabo byo gusoma biri ku kigero cy’abana.

34




UMUTWE WA 7 : Inyamaswa zo mu rugo Umubare w’amasomo: 24

Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe: Gusoma no kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi “f / j” n’ingombajwi “p / l” no gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko tugufi dushingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’inyamaswa zo mu rugo.




- Gusobanura bimwe mu bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko ijyanye y’inyamaswa zo mu rugo bigaragara mu mwandiko;

- Gutahura ingombajwi f, j n’ingombajwi p na l mu magambo amwe avuga ku nyamaswa.

- Gusoma amashusho, amakarita y’inyuguti: ingombajwi f, j n’ingombajwi p na l mu cyapa, mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;

- Kwandika ingombajwi f, j n’ingombajwi p na l mu cyapa no mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;


- Kubara udukuru yumvanye abo mu rugo mu magambo ye.


- Gushyira mu bikorwa


- Kugaragagaza umuco wo kwandika amagambo n’interuro ngufi mu cyapa;

- Gushima no kunenga; abavugwa mu nkuru.

- Kugaragaza umuco wo kubungabunga

- Ingombajwi f, j; - Ingombajwi p na l; Ingingo zerekeye: - Akamaro

k’inyamaswa zo mu rugo;

- Amazina y’urusaku rw’inyamaswa zo mu rugo;

Amagambo n’interuro birimo: ingombajwi f, j n’ingombajwi p na l zizwe. Urugero: umufa, ifu, ijigo, ijeri, ipera, ipine, Kigali, Libiya. - Uturirimbo,

- Gutondagura imivugo, kuririmba uturirimbo no gukina udukino tw’abana twiganjemo ingombajwi zigwa hagamijwe guhuza inyuguti n’amajwi yazo;

- Guhera ku mfashanyigisho zinyuranye cyangwa ku gakuru byiganjemo ingombajwi f, j, p cyangwa l, agatahura ingombajwi yigwa mu magambo n’interuro yumvise;

- Guhera ku ngero z’amagambo yatahuwe mu dukuru, agatanga ingero z’andi magambo n’interuro byiganjemo ingombajwi f, j, p cyangwa l;

- Gukorera mu matsinda

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ibyo yize bijyanye akamaro k’inyamaswa n’ amazina y’urusaku rw’inyamaswa zo mu rugo;


- .

inyamaswa zo mu rugo;



imivugo n’udukino biri mu kigero cyabo.

bibukiranya ibyasomwe mu twandiko tugufi no kubihuza n’ubuzima busanzwe;

- Kujya impaka ku kamaro k’inyamaswa zo mu rugo.

- Kwigana no gukina ibikorwa bw’abavugwa mu nkuru.

- Gushushanya no guhuza amashusho n’inkuru.

- Guhera ku dukuru twasomwe, agashaka kandi akavuga irindi herezo ry’inkuru yasomwe bikorewe mu matsinda.

- Kuvuga no kubwira abandi ibyo yumvise, yasomye cyangwa atekereza ahereye ku ngingo yo gukoreshwa imirimo irenze ubushobozi n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.

- Gusoma ingombajwi f , j, p cyangwa l

- Gusoma amagambo n’interuro byiganjemo ingombajwi f, j, p cyangwa l.

- Kugaragaza umubare w’ingombajwi f, j n’ingombajwi p na l zumvikana cyangwa zigaragara mu magambo, mu

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nteruro no mu twandiko tugufi twasomwe.

- Kwandika ingombajwi f/ j n’ingombajwi p na l mu cyapa bazireba no kuzandika batazireba.

- Kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi f/ j n’ingombajwi p na l mu cyapa babireba no kubyandika batabireba.


Ihuriro n’andi masomo : - Imibare: kubara ingombajwi zizwe ziri mu magambo, mu nteruro, mu dukuru twubakiye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’inyamaswa mu ngingo y’akamaro k’inyamaswa zo mu rugo, n’amazina y’urusaku rw’inyamaswa zo mu rugo. - Imbonezamubano: - akamaro k’inyamaswa, amazina y’urusaku rw’inyamaswa zo mu rugo. - Muzika: injyana y’itonde ry’inyuguti, indirimbo n’imikino y’abana. - Ubugeni bwo gushushanya: gushushanya ibyo yumvise mu nkuru. Ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma : - Ubushobozi bwo gusoma atajijinganya, atagemura amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi zizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo kwandika nta kosa, amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi zizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko yasomye cyangwa yasomewe. Imfashanyigisho: amakarita y’ingombajwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika, amashusho ajyanye n’inkuru, imfashanyigisho zitegwa amatwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika zijyanye n’inyuguti zigwa, ibikoresho by’iyumvabona, ibitabo byo gusoma biri ku kigero cy’abana.

37


INYIGISHO: KUMVA, KUVUGA, GUSOMA NO KWANDIKA IBIHEKANE N’INYUNGURAMAGAMBO


UMUTWE WA 8 : Indyo yuzuye Umubare w’amasomo: 24

Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe: Gusoma no kwandika ibihekane nd, ng, ny na sh no gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko tugufi dushingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko yerekeranye n’indyo yuzuye.



- Gutahura igihekane nd, igihekane ng” n’igihekane ny, na sh mu magambo amwe avuga ku bigize indyo yuzuye n’akamaro kayo;


- Gusobanura bimwe mu bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko ijyanye n’indyo yuzuye.

- Gusoma amashusho, amakarita y’inyuguti: ibihekane nd na ng n’ibihekane ny na sh mu cyapa, mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;

- Kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ibihekane nd na ng n’ibihekane ny na sh mu cyapa no mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;

- Kuvuga imyifatire

- Kugaragagaza amatsiko yo gusoma amashusho, amagambo, n’utwandiko twanditse mu cyapa.

- Kugaragagaza umuco wo kwandika amagambo n’interuro ngufi mu cyapa.


Ibihekane nd na ng n’ibihekane ny na sh Ingingo zerekeye: - Ibigize indyo

yuzuye; - Akamaro k’indyo

yuzuye; Amagambo n’interuro birimo: ibihekane nd na ng n’ibihekane ny na sh zizwe. Urugero : Ndandari, indobo, ingo, inyanya, ishashi, Uturirimbo, imivugo

- Gutondagura imivugo, kuririmba uturirimbo no gukina udukino tw’abana twiganjemo ibihekane byigwa hagamijwe guhuza ibihekane n’amajwi yazo;

- Guhera ku mfashanyigisho zinyuranye cyangwa ku gakuru byiganjemo ibihekane nd, ng, ny cyangwa sh, agatahura ibihekane byigwa mu magambo n’interuro yumvise;

- Guhera ku ngero z’amagambo yatahuwe mu dukuru, agatanga ingero z’ andi magambo n’interuro

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y’abanyarubuga; - Kubara udukuru

yumvanye abo mu rugo mu magambo ye;


- Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize bijyanye n’ibigize indyo yuzuye n’akamaro kayo;


- Kugaragaza umuco wo kurya indyo yuzuye;



n’udukino biri ku kigero cy’abana.

byiganjemo ibihekane nd, ng, ny cyangwa sh;



- Kujya impaka ku nsanganyamatsiko ijyanye n’akamaro k’indyo yuzuye-



- Ahereye ku dukuru twasomwe, ashaka kandi akavuga irindi herezo ry’inkuru yasomwe bikorewe mu matsinda;

- Kuvuga no kubwira abandi ibyo yumvise, yasomye cyangwa atekereza ahereye ku ngingo zerekeranye n’indyo yuzuye;

- Gusoma ibihekane nd na ng n’ibihekane ny na sh;

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- .

- Gusoma amagambo

n’interuro birimo ibihekane nd na ng n’ibihekane ny na sh;

- Kugaragaza umubare w’ibihekane nd na ng n’ibihekane ny na sh byumvikana cyangwa bigaragara mu magambo, mu nteruro no mu twandiko tugufi twasomwe;

- Kwandika ibihekane nd na ng n’ibihekane ny na sh mu cyapa babireba no kubyandika batabireba;

- Kwandika amagambo n’interuro byiganjemo ibihekane nd na ng n’ibihekane ny na sh mu cyapa babireba no kubyandika batabireba;

- Gukora icyandikwa kigizwe n’amagambo n’interuro ngufi birimo igihekane nd, igihekane ng, igihekane ny n’igihekane sh mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;

40

- Gukora icyandikwa

cy’amagambo n’interuro birimo inyuguti zizwe mu cyapa.

Ihuriro n’andi masomo : - Imibare: kubara ibihekane byizwe biri mu magambo, mu nteruro, mu dukuru twubakiye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’indyo yuzuye mu ngingo y’ibigize indyo yuzuye, n’akamaro k’indyo yuzuye. - Imbonezamubano: ibigize indyo yuzuye, akamaro k’indyo yuzuye. - Muzika: injyana y’itonde ry’inyuguti, indirimbo n’imikino y’abana. - Ubugeni bwo gushushanya: gushushanya ibyo yumvise mu nkuru. Ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma : - Ubushobozi bwo gusoma atajijinganya, atagemura amagambo n’interuro birimo igihekane kizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo kwandika nta kosa, amagambo n’interuro birimo igihekane kizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko yasomye cyangwa yasomewe. Imfashanyigisho: amakarita y’ingombajwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika, amashusho ajyanye n’inkuru, imfashanyigisho zitegwa amatwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika zijyanye n’ibihekane byigwa, ibikoresho by’iyumvabona, ibitabo byo gusoma biri ku kigero cy’abana.

41


INYIGISHO: KUMVA, KUVUGA, GUSOMA NO KWANDIKA IBIHEKANE N’INYUNGURAMAGAMBO


UMUTWE WA 9: Kuzigama Umubare w’amasomo: 24

Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe: Gusoma no kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ibihekane “kw, mb” no gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko tugufi dushingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko yerekeranye no kuzigama.


- Guhuza ibihekane n’amajwi yabyo;


- Gusobanura bimwe mu bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko ijyanye yo kuzigama;

- Gutahura igihekane kw n’igihekane mb mu magambo no mu nteruro bivuga ku nsanganyamatsiko yo kuzigama;

- Gutahura ingombajwi n’ibihekane byizwe mu magambo no mu nteruro

- Gusoma amashusho, amakarita y’inyuguti, igihekane kw n’igihekane mb mu cyapa, mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;

- Gusoma amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi n’ibihekane byose byizwe mu mwaka wa mbere mu cyapa, mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;

- Kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo igihekane kw n’igihekane mb mu cyapa no mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;

- Gusoma no kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi

- Kugaragagaza amatsiko yo gusoma amashusho, amagambo n’utwandiko twanditse mu cyapa;

- Kugaragagaza umuco wo kwandika amagambo n’interuro ngufi mu cyapa;


- Kwitabira

gukora ibikorwa bijyanye

Ibihekane kw na mb. Ingingo zerekeye: - Inyungu zo

kuzigama mu rugo n’akamaro ko kuzigama muri banki;

- Guhunika no kudasesagura;

- Amagambo

n’interuro birimo ibihekane kw na mb byizwe. Urugero: gukwakwanya, imboga.

- Amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi n’ibihekane byose

- Gutondagura imivugo, kuririmba uturirimbo no gukina udukino twiganjemo ibihekane byigwa;

- Guhera ku mfashanyigisho zinyuranye cyangwa ku gakuru byiganjemo ibihekane kw cyangwa mb, agatahura ibihekane byigwa mu magambo n’interuro yumvise;

- Guhera ku ngero z’amagambo yatahuwe mu dukuru, agatanga ingero z’ andi magambo n’interuro byiganjemo ibihekane kw cyangwa mb;



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bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko yo kuzigama.

n’ibihekane byose byizwe mu mwaka wa mbere mu cyapa, mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;


- Kubara udukuru yumvanye abo mu rugo mu magambo ye.

- Kubara kamwe mu dukuru yumviye mu ishuri cyangwa yasomye mu magambo ye;

- Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize bijyanye n’ ingaruka zo kuzigama mu rugo n’akamaro ko kuzigama muri banki, guhunika no kudasesagura;


n’umuco wo kuzigama;



byizwe mu mwaka wa mbere;

- Ingero z’amagambo

n’interuro ku ngombajwi n’ibihekane byizwe mu mwaka wa mbere:

igikoko, indege, amagi, inda, ingoma.

Uturirimbo, imivugo n’udukino biri ku kigero cy’abana.

- Kujya impaka ku nsanganyamatsiko ijyanye no kuzigama;




- Kuvuga no kubwira abandi ibyo yumvise, yasomye cyangwa atekereza ahereye ku ngingo yerekeranye no kuzigama haba mu rugo cyangwa muri banki no kudasesagura;

- Gusoma ibihekane kw na mb; - Gusoma amagambo n’interuro

birimo ibihekane kw na mb; - Kugaragaza umubare

w’ibihekane kw na mb byumvikana cyangwa bigaragara mu magambo, mu nteruro no mu twandiko tugufi twasomwe;

- Gusoma amagambo n’interuro birimo inyuguti n’ibihekane byose byizwe mu mwaka wa mbere;

- Kwandika ibihekane kw na mb mu cyapa babireba no

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kubyandika batabireba; - Kwandika amagambo

n’interuro birimo ibihekane kw na mb mu cyapa babireba no kubyandika batabireba;

- Gukora icyandikwa kirimo amagambo n’interuro byiganjemo ingombajwi n’ibihekane byizwe mu mwaka wose;

- Gukora imyitozo inyuranye yo gusoma no kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi n’ibihekane byose byizwe mu mwaka wa mbere;


Ihuriro n’andi masomo : - Imibare: kubara ibihekane byizwe biri mu magambo, mu nteruro, mu dukuru twubakiye ku nsanganyamatsiko yo kuzigama, mu ngingo y’ingaruka zo kuzigama mu rugo n’akamaro ko kuzigama muri banki no guhunika no kudasesagura. - Imbonezamubano: ingaruka zo kuzigama mu rugo n’akamaro ko kuzigama muri banki, guhunika no kudasesagura. - Muzika: injyana y’itonde ry’inyuguti, indirimbo n’imikino y’abana. - Ubugeni bwo gushushanya: gushushanya ibyo yumvise mu nkuru. Ibigenderwaho mu isuzuma : - Ubushobozi bwo gusoma atajijinganya, atagemura inyajwi, amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi n’ibihekane byizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo kwandika nta kosa, inyajwi, amagambo n’interuro birimo ingombajwi n’igihekane byizwe. - Ubushobozi bwo gutahura igitekerezo gikubiye mu twandiko yasomye cyangwa yasomewe. Imfashanyigisho: amakarita y’ingombajwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika, amashusho ajyanye n’inkuru, imfashanyigisho zitegwa amatwi, imfashanyigisho zifatika zijyanye n’inyuguti zigwa, ibikoresho by’iyumvabona, ibitabo byo gusoma biri ku kigero cy’abana.

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5.2. Umwaka wa kabiri

5.2.1. Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe nyuma y’umwaka wa kabiri Umunyeshuri urangije umwaka wa kabiri agomba kuba ashobora:

Kwandika mu mukono (inyuguti nkuru n'intoya)amagambo n'interuro by'Ikinyarwanda bigizwe n'inyuguti zigize itonde ry'Ikinyarwanda ndetse n'ibihekane bikunze gukoreshwa cyane.

Gusoma mu cyapa n'umukono amagambo, interuro cyangwa utwandiko tugufi turimo inyuguti zigize itonde ry'Ikinyarwanda ndetse n'ibihekane bikunze gukoreshwa cyane.

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5.2.2. Imbonerahamwe y’imitwe y‘amasomo mu mwaka wa kabiri IMBUMBANYIGISHO: UBUSHOBOZI BWO GUKORESHA URURIMI MU MVUGO NO MU NYANDIKO N’UBUMENYI MU MIKORESHEREZE Y’URURIMI

INYIGISHO: KUMVA, KUVUGA, GUSOMA, KWANDIKA N’INYUNGURAMAGAMBO

IKINYARWANDA: Umwaka wa kabiri w’amashuri abanza

UMUTWE WA 1 : Umuco w’amahoro Umubare w’amasomo: 48

Ubushobozi bw’ingenzi bugamijwe: -Gusoma no kwandika anoza umukono inyuguti zigize itonde ry’Ikinyarwanda. -Gusoma no kwandika amagambo n’interuro birimo ibihekane ts, nz, rw, by, nt, mw no gusesengura utwandiko tugufi dushingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko y’umuco w’amahoro.



- Gusobanura bimwe mu bijyanye n’insanganyamatsiko y’umuco w’amahoro;

- Guhuza inyuguti zanditse mu cyapa n’umukono wazo;

- Guhuza inyuguti z’ibihekane

- Gutandukanya inyuguti zanditse mu cyapa n’izanditse mu mukono;

- Kwandika banoza umukono inyuguti zigize itonde ry’Ikinyarwanda;



- Kubara agakuru yumviye mu ishuri

- Kugaragagaza amatsiko yo gusoma amashusho, amagambo, n’utwandiko twanditse mu cyapa no mu mukono;

- Kugaragagaza umuco wo kwandika amagambo n’interuro ngufi mu mukono-

Ingingo zerekeye: - Kudasagarira abandi; - Gufashanya; - Gusaba imbabazi no

kuzitanga; Itonde ry’inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda mu mukono. Ibihekane: ts, nz, rw, by, nt na mw. Amagambo n’interuro birimo ibihekane ts, nz, rw, by, nt na mw zizwe.

- Gusubiramo ibyizwe mu mwaka wa mbere hakorwa imyitozo inyuranye yo gusoma, gutahura inyuguti zizwe, kwandika mu cyapa no gusesengura utwandiko tunyuranye turi ku kigero cye;

- Kwandika anoza umukono inyuguti zose z’Ikinyarwanda;


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n’amajwi yazo; - Gutahura

ibihekane ts, nz, rw, by, nt na mw, mu magambo amwe avuga ku muco w’amahoro.

cyangwa yasomye mu magambo ye;

- Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yize bijyanye no kudasagarira abandi, gufashanya no gusaba imbabazi;

- Gusesengura udukuru tugufi ku rwego rwe;

- Gusoma amashusho, amakarita y’inyuguti, ibihekane ts, nz, rw, by, nt, mw mu nyuguti nkuru n’into;

- Kwandika amagambo n’interuro ngufi birimo ibihekane ts, nz, rw, by, nt, mw mu mukono no mu nyuguti --Inkuru n’into.


- Kugaragaza ibikorwa by’imibanire myiza n’abandi;

- Kugaragaza imbamutima

Documents

Advanced Level Combinations · 2018. 6. 19. · Dr. MUSAB. E. Joyce Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Integanyanyigisho n’Imfashanyigisho muri REB . iii ... abanyeshuri gukorana n’abandi