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A.Klirfg RBaraoM.Nakagawa L.Tavora RVaz (Eds.)
Advanced Monte Carlofor Radiation Physics,Particle Transport Simulationand ApplicationsProceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Conference,Lisbon, 23-26 October 2000
With 548 Figures and CD-ROM
Springer
Contents
Plenary Talks
Some Random Thoughts on Monte Carlo Electronand Photon TransportA.F. Bielajew 1
Remarkable Moments in the History of Neutron TransportMonte Carlo MethodsI. Lux 7
Hadronic Monte Carlo Transport: A Very Personal ViewR.E. Prael 17
Highlights of Hadronic Sessions, Speculationsand Perspective ViewsD. Filges, W. Gudowski 21
Session Electron-Gamma I: Electron Interaction Physics / ElectronTransport Mechanics
Analog Electron Physics. Interaction Cross-SectionsF. Salvat, J.M. Fernandez-Varea, S. Segui 27
Modelling the Generalized Oscillator Strengthfor Low-Energy Electron or Positron Inelastic ScatteringD. Liljequist, J.M. Fernandez-Varea, F. Salvat 33
Low-Energy Electron Scattering in Solids — a Monte CarloApproachH.-J. Fitting, J.-Ch. Ruhr 39
Monte Carlo Simulation of Few-keV Positrons Penetratingin SolidsM. Dapor, A. Miotello 43
A "Transport" Condensed History MethodE. W. Larsen, D.R. Tolar, Jr 49
Contents
Session Electron-Gamma II: Photon InteractionPhysics / Applications I
A Half Century of Monte Carlo, from Slide Rule and MechanicalDesk Calculator to the Laptop SupercomputerJ.H. Hubbell, S.M. Seltzer 55
Comparison of EGS4 and Measurements Regarding K-X rayand Bremsstrahlung PhotonsY. Namito, H. Hirayama 63
EGS4 Modelling of Coherent Scattering in the Biological ContextA. Taibi, A. Tartari, M. Gambaccini 69
Implementation of the Anomalous Dispersionof Rayleigh Scattered Photons in EGS4 CodeC. Baraldi, E. Casnati, G. Di Domenico, A. Tartari 75
Backscattering from Gold Irradiated with 15-40 keV PhotonsN. Nariyama 81
Monte Carlo Polarimetric Efficiency Simulationsfor a Single Monolithic CdTe Thick MatrixR.M. Curado da Silva, M. Hage-Ali, E. Caroli, P. Siffert, J.B. Stephen . 87
Simulations for X-Ray Synchrotron BeamsUsing the EGS4 Code System in Medical ApplicationsI. Orion, F.A. Dilmanian, Z. Zhong, A.B. Rosenfeld, A. Henn, I. Sagi,L. Pena 93
Session Electron-Gamma III: Applications II
Applications of Monte Carlo Code to a Study of Gamma-RayBuildup Factors, Skyshine and Duct StreamingH. Hirayama 99
Simulation of X-ray Spectra Generatedby Kilovolt-Electron BombardmentJ.M. Ferndndez-Varea, X. Llovet, E. Acosta, E. Benedito, F. Salvat . . . . 105
Particle Transport in Inhomogeneous MediaJ. Tickner I l l
Fast Simulation of X-ray Transition Radiationin the GEANT4 ToolkitV.M. Grichine 117
Contents XI
Optimization of a Tunable Quasi-Monochromatic X-ray Sourcefor Cell-IrradiationsW. Neubert, W. Enghardt, U. Lehnert, E. Mutter, B. Naumann,A. Panteleeva, J. Pawelke 123
Session Electron—Gamma IV: Status of General Purpose Codes
Electron Photon Shower Simulation in TRIPOLI-4 Monte CarloCodeY. Peneliau 129
The EGSnrc System, a Status Report/. Kawrakow, D. W. 0. Rogers 135
Status of MARS Electromagnetic PhysicsO.E. Krivosheev, N. V. Mokhov 141
Status of PENELOPEJ. Sempau, J.M. Fernandez-Varea, F. Salvat, E. Benedito, M. Dingfelder,H. Oulad ben Tahar, X. Llovet, E. Acosta, A. Sanchez-Reyes, J. Asenjo 147
Geant4 Electromagnetic Physics5. Chauvie, V. Grichine, P. Gurnplinger, V. Ivanchenko, R. Kokoulin,S. Magni, M. Maire, P. Nieminen, M.G. Pia, A. Rybin, L. Urban(on behalf of the Geant4 Collaboration) 153
Electron-Photon Transport in FLUKA: StatusA. Fasso, A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala 159
Session Electron-Gamma V: Generation of Random Numbers,Variance Reduction
Random, Quasirandom and Hybrid Methodsfor Transport ProblemsJ. Spanier 165
On the Use of Antithetic VariatesM.S. Milgram 175
Adjoint Monte Carlo Simulationof Fixed-Energy Secondary RadiationN.M. Borisov, M.P. Panin 181
Symmetry-Based Variance ReductionApplied to 60Co Teletherapy Unit Monte Carlo SimulationsD. Sheikh-Bagheri 187
XII Contents
Importance Biasing Quality CriterionBased on Contribution Response TheoryN.M. Borisov, M.P. Panin 193
Calculations of Electron Deep PenetrationUsing the Method of Trajectory RotationV. Moskvin, L. Papiez, T. Tabata, I.J. Das 199
Session Electron-Gamma VI: Application in Medical Physics,Dose Calculation
The Impact of Monte Carlo Dose Calculationson Intensity-Modulated Radiation TherapyJ.V. Siebers, P.J. Keall, R. Mohan 205
PC-Based Process Distribution to Solve Iterative Monte CarloSimulations in Physical DosimetryA. Leal, F. Sanchez-Doblado, M. Perucha, M. Rincon, R. Arrans,C. Bernal, E. Carrasco 211
Inverse Treatment Planning for Radiation TherapyBased on Fast Monte Carlo Dose CalculationM. Fippel, M. Alber, M. Birkner, W. Laub, F. Nusslin, I. Kawrakow ... 217
Macro Monte Carlo: Clinical Implementationin a Distributed Computing EnvironmentH. Neuenschwander, W. Volken, D. Frei, C. Cris, E. Born, R. Mini ... 223
VMC + + , Electron and Photon Monte Carlo CalculationsOptimized for Radiation Treatment Planning/. Kawrakow 229
Session Electron—Gamma VII: Microdosimetry, Track Structure,Radiobiological Modeling
The Track Structure of Photons, Electrons and a-Particlesfrom the Point of View of the Formation of Ionization ClustersB. Grosswendt 237
Track Structure in Molecular Radiation BiologyH. Nikjoo, S. Uehara, I.K. Khvostunov, F.A. Cucinotta 251
Analogue Monte Carlo to Model Radiation-InducedDNA DamageM. Terrissol, J. M. Vrigneaud 261
Contents XIII
Basic Data for Track Structure Simulations:Electron Interaction Cross-Sections in Liquid WaterM. Dingfelder, W. Friedland 267
Inelastic Cross-Sections for Use in Monte Carlo Track StructureCodesD. Emfietzoglou 273
Modelling Ultrasoft X-ray Effects on DNAM. Terrissol, J.M. Vrigneaud 279
Radiobiological Modeling in Voxel ConstructsR.D. Stewart, R.J. Traub 285
Session Electron-Gamma VIII: Monte Carlo in RadiotherapyDosimetry, Monte Carlo Simulation of Medical Accelerators
Monte Carlo Techniques for Primary Standardsof Ionizing Radiatiotiand for Dosimetry ProtocolsD.W.O. Rogers , 291
Absorbed Dose Conversion Factorsfor Megavoltage Photon BeamsR. Nutbrown, S. Duane, D. Shipley, R. Thomas 299
Is the Spencer—Attix Cavity Equation Applicablefor Solid-State Detectors Irradiatedin Megavoltage Electron Beams?P.N. Mobit, G.A. Sandison 305
Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Beams for Radiotherapy -EGS4, MCNP4b and GEANT3 IntercomparisonA. Trindade, P. Rodrigues, C. Alves, A. Chaves, M.C. Lopes, C. Oliveira,L. Peralta , 311
Evaluation of a 50-MV Photon Therapy Beamfrom a Racetrack Microtron Using MCNP4B Monte Carlo Code/. Gudowska, B. Sorcini, R. Svensson 317
Energy Spectra and Dose Distributions of a Medical LinearElectron Accelerator Simulated with BEAM/EGS4 and MCNPD. Albers, F. Cremers, I. Eggers, M. Todorovic, R. Schmidt 323
Monte Carlo Simulation of an Arc Therapy Treatmentby Means of a PC Distribution ModelA. Leal, F. Sdnchez-Doblado, M. Perucha, M. Rincon, R. Arrdns,C. Bernal, E. Carrasco 329
XIV Contents
Session Electron-Gamma IX: Applications III
Analysis of the Influence of the Radial Displacementof the Source in the Simulation of Ge-Detector CalibrationUsing MCNP CodeJ. Rodenas, A. Martinavarro, V. Rius 333
Monte Carlo Simulations of Photon Field Characteristicsfor In Situ Gamma Spectrometry ApplicationsJ. Kluson 339
Visual Monte Carlo and Its Application to Internal and ExternalDosimetryJ.G. Hunt, F.C. da Silva, D. de Souza-Santos, I. Malatova, S. Foltanova,B.M. Dantas, A. Azeredo, M. Isakson 345
Monte Carlo Simulation of Mammography X-ray Units:a Comparison Between Different Electron Extensions of the EGS4Code SystemM. Marziani, M. Gambaccini, L.M.N. Tdvora, A. Taibi 351
Session Electron-Gamma X: Applications IV
The Use of MCNP in Flash Radiographic Applications at AWES. Quillin, I. Crotch, S. McAlpin, J. O'Malley 357
Comparison of Monte Carlo Simulation and Measurementof Electron Reflection from SolidsV. Stary 369
Low-Energy Electron Response of CsI(Tl) and BGOA. Martinez-Ddvalos, J.M. Lopez-Robles 377
Monte Carlo Estimate to Improve Photon Energy SpectrumReconstruction5. Sawchuk 383
Monte Carlo Simulations on Rough and Porous AluminaL. Sorbier, E. Rosenberg, C. Merlet 389
Simulation of the Response Function of an Amorphous SiliconFlat-Panel ArrayF. Cremers, C. Kausch, D. Albers, M. Todorovic, R. Schmidt 395
Space Applications of the Geant4 Simulation ToolkitE. Daly, H. Evans, F. Lei, F. Longo, S. Magni, R. Nartallo, P. Nieminen,M.G. Pia, P.R. Truscott 401
Contents XV
Session Electron—Gamma P: Miscellaneous Topics
Introduction of the Muonic and Cerenkov Effectsin the EGS4 CodeE. Duverger, A. Mishev, R.I. Gschwind, L. Makovicka, J. Stamenov.... 407
Spectrum Shape Analysis Applied to Radioactive WasteGamma-Ray SpectroscopyB. Perot, J.-L. Artaud, B. Chabalier, J. Misraki, P. Chany 413
Assessment of a Compton Suppression Spectrometerfor the Measurement of Medium- and High-LevelRadioactive Waste PackagesJ.-L. Artaud, B. Perot, B. Chabalier, H. Toubon 419
The Degradation of the Energy of Primary Photons Describedthrough the EntropyA.D. Oliveira, J.J. Pedroso de Lima 425
Monte Carlo Simulation of the Conversion Electron Scatteringin Targets for the Synthesis of Superheavy ElementsA. Spalek, 0. Dragoun 431
Monte Carlo Simulations on a 9-node PC ClusterJ. Gouriou 437
Application of Numerical Phantoms and MCNP Calculationfor In Vivo CalibrationD. Franck, N.M. Borisov, L. Laval 443
Use of Monte Carlo Methodin Support of Medical Applications of RadiationN. Cerullo, G. Curzio, G. Daquino, A. Mariani 449
Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy OptimizationUsing the Monte Carlo MethodM. Rosetti, M. Benassi, V. Bruzzaniti, A. Bufacchi, M. D'Andrea 455
Coupling Photon Monte Carlo Simulation and CAD Software.Application to X-ray Nondestructive EvaluationJ. Tabary, A. Gliere 461
Dose Rate Calculations from Radioactive Vascular Stents:DPK Versus Exact MC Approach5. Gorodkov, A. Moslang, P. Vladimirov 467
Dosimetric Study of a Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy SourceM. Rodriguez- Villafuerte, S. Arzamendi, R. Diaz-Perches 473
XVI Contents
Electron Transport Simulation in the Range 1 keV-4 MeVfor the Purpose of High-Resolution Dosimetric ApplicationV. Cobut, L. Cirioni, J.P. Patau 479
Shield Optimization for X-rays Using the Monte Carlo MethodCombined with Analytical CalculationZhang Dian-hui, Huang Liu-xing, Niu Sheng-li 483
MCNP Analytical Models of a Calibration Head Phantomfor Bone-Seeker Nuclides In Vivo MeasurementsG. Gualdrini, P. Ferrari, P. Battisti, P. De Felice, L. Pierotti 489
Monte Carlo Studies of the Portuguese Gamma IrradiationFacility. The Irradiator Geometry and Its Influenceon Process ParametersC. Oliveira, L. Ferreira, J. Salgado 497
Multiple Scattering in GEANT4. A Comparisonwith Molifere Theory and L3 Detector DataP. Arce, M. Maire, L. Urban, M. Wadhwa 503
On the Use of CAD Geometry for Monte Carlo ParticleTransportH. Tsige-Tamirat 511
Analysis of the Simulation of Ge-Detector Calibrationfor Environmental Radioactive Samples in a MarinelliBeaker Source Using the Monte Carlo MethodJ. Rodenas, J. Ortiz, L. Ballesteros, V. Serradell 517
Simulation of a 32P Sourcewire and a 90Sr/90Y SourcetrainUsing MCNP4b and EGS4M. Todorovic, F. Cremers, D. Albers, R. Schmidt 523
Monte Carlo Simulations for the Estimation of Dose RatesDuring Handling of Spent Fuel at the Portuguese ResearchReactorA. Kling, J.G. Marques, A.J.G. Ramalho 529
Photoelectron Collection Efficiency in Rare Gases:A Monte Carlo StudyP.J.B.M. Rachinhas, J.A.M. Lopes, T.H.V.T. Dias, F.P. Santos,C.A.N. Conde, A.D. Stauffer 535
Medical Applications of the Geant4 ToolkitS. Agostinelli, S. Chauvie, F. Foppiano, S. Garelli, F. Marchetto,M.G. Pia, P. Nieminen, V. Rolando, A. Solano 543
Contents XVII
Effect of Voxel Size on Monte Carlo Dose Calculationsfor Radiotherapy Treatment PlanningG. Moras T. Pawlicki, A. Maio, C.-M. Ma 549
Monte Carlo Physical Dosimetry for Small Photon BeamsM. Perucha, F. Sdnchez-Doblado, M. Rincon, A. Leal, L. Nunez, R. Arrdns,E. Carrasco, J.A. Sanchez-Calzado, L. Errazquin 555
Monte Carlo Dose Distributions for RadiosurgeryM. Perucha, F. Sdnchez-Doblado, A. Leal, M. Rincon, L. Nunez, R. Arrdns,E. Carrasco, B. Sdnchez-Nieto, J.A. Sdnchez-Calzado, L. Errazquin . . . . 561
Monte Carlo Conformal Treatment Planningas an Independent AssessmentM. Rincon, F. Sdnchez-Doblado, A. Leal, M. Perucha, R. Arrdns,J.C. Medrano, E. Carrasco, J.A. Sdnchez-Calzado, L. Errazquin 565
Modelling of Multiple Scattering Distributionsby Mixture ModelsR. Friihwirth, M. Regler 571
Radiative Transport in Multiple Scattering MediaE.J.N. Pereira, J.M.G. Martinho, M.N. Berberan-Santos 577
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methodsin Radiotherapy Treatment PlanningR.P. Hugtenburg 583
Session Neutron-Gamma I: Theory and Methods
Research Themes of Broad Transport ApplicabilityJ. Spanier 589
Response Decomposition with Monte Carlo Correlated CouplingT. Ueki, J.E. Hoogenboom, J.L. Kloosterman 597
The Geometrical Sensitivity Option in MCBENDT. Shuttleworth 603
An Alternative Monte Carlo Method for the fc-Eigenfunction?T.E. Booth 609
Continuous Energy Adjoint Monte Carlofor Coupled Neutron-Photon TransportJ.E. Hoogenboom 613
Application of A3MCNP™ to Radiation Shielding ProblemsA. Haghighat, J. C. Wagner 619
XVIII Contents
Session Neutron-Gamma II: Code Status
Status of JAERI's Monte Carlo Code MVPfor Neutron and Photon Transport ProblemsT. Mori, K. Okumura, Y. Nagaya 625
Current Status of the Oak Ridge Monte Carlo Codes:MORSE/SAS4 and KENOM.B. Emmett, D.F. Hollenbach 631
The Current Status and Future Plans for the Monte Carlo CodesMONK and MCBENDN. Smith, T. Shuttleworth, M. Grimstone, L. Hutton, M. Armishaw,A. Bird, N. France, S. Connolly 637
MCNP Capabilities at the Dawn of the 21st Century:Neutron-Gamma ApplicationsE.C. Selcow, G.W. McKinney, T.E. Booth, J.F. Briesmeister, L.J. Cox,R.A. Forster, J.S. Hendricks, R.D. Mosteller, R.E. Prael, A. Sood,S. W. White 643
TRIPOLI-3: A Neutron/Photon Monte Carlo Transport CodeJ. C. Nimal, T. Vergnaud 651
Session Neutron-Gamma III: Physics and Data
Modern Nuclear Data for Monte Carlo CodesR.C. Little, S.C. Frankle, M.C. White, R.E. MacFarlane, Ch.J. Werner,J.M. Campbell 657
The MCNP Code in Planning and Interpretationof Thermal Neutron Pulsed ExperimentsJ. Dabrowska, K. Drozdowicz, U. Woznicka 663
Modelling Detector Responses to Neutrons Using MCNPJ. Tickner 669
Simulation of Thermal Neutron Transport Processes Directlyfrom the Evaluated Nuclear Data FilesP.A. Androsenko, M.R. Malkov 675
Influence of the Photoneutrons on the Kinetics of the BerylliumReflected Core of the Budapest Research ReactorG. Hordosy, A. Kereszturi, P. Vertes, Cs. Hegedus 681
Contents XIX
Session Neutron-Gamma IV: Algorithms and Computational Science
Variance Reduction with Multiple ResponsesK. W. Burn, G. Gualdrini, E. Nava 687
Use of a Hybrid Monte Carlo Technique for Power ShapeCalculationsL. Hutton, N.R. Smith 697
Eigenvalue Uncertainty Evaluation in MC Calculations,Using Time Series Methodologies0. Jacquet, R. Chajari, X. Bay, A. Noun, L. Carraro 703
Development and Comparison of Monte Carlo TechniquesImplemented in the MORET4 Code for the Calculationof Loosely Coupled SystemsJ. Miss, 0. Jacquet, A. Nouri 711
Session Neutron-Gamma V: Experiments and Measurements
Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Assessmentin Applied Monte Carlo Particle TransportB.R.L. Siebert 719
Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis for Nuclear CriticalitySafety Using KENO in the SCALE Code SystemB. T. Rearden 725
Monte Carlo Characterisation of the Radiation Fieldin the Thermal Column of the Portuguese Research ReactorA. Fernandes, A. Vieira, I.C. Gongalves, A. Ramalho 731
Fission Rate Analysis of a Fast Reactor Fuel Performance TestUsing MCNPT. Sekine, T. Aoyama , 737
Benchmarking Monte Carlo Codes for Criticality SafetyUsing Subcritical MeasurementsT. Valentine 743
Session Neutron-Gamma VI: Applications
Review of Industrial and Medical Applications that UtilizeCoupled Neutron-Photon Monte Carlo TransportT. Goorley 749
XX Contents
MCNP Calculations for the Shielding Design of a Beam Tubeto Be Installed at the Portuguese Research ReactorI.F. Gongalves, A.G. Ramalho, I.C. Goncalves, J. Salgado 755
Monte Carlo Applications in Fusion NeutronicsU. Fischer 761
MCNP Simulation of Void Reactivityin a Simplified CANDU Core Sub-regionF. Rahnema, S. Mosher, M. Pitts, P. Akhtar, D. Serghiuta 767
Monte Carlo Simulation of Natural Gamma Ray Spectrometryfor Underwater SurfacesM. Maucec, P.H.G.M. Hendriks, R.J. de Meijer 773
Monte Carlo Modelling of the Belgian Materials Testing ReactorBR2: Present StatusB. Verboomen, A. Beeckmans de West-Meerbeeck, Th. Aoust,Ch. De Raedt 779
Session Neutron—Gamma VII: Benchmarks
Benchmark for a 3D Monte Carlo Boiling Water Reactor FluenceComputational Package - MF3DS. Sitaraman, R.-T. Chiang, K. Asano, K. Koyabu 785
Intercomparison of Monte Carlo and SAT SensitivityCalculations for a 14 MeV Neutron BenchmarkU. Fischer, I. Kodeli, C. Konno, R.L. Perel 791
Comparison of Snyder Head Phantom Models Usedfor Neutron Capture Therapy Benchmark Monte CarloDosimetry CalculationsT. Goorley, W.S. Kiger III, R. Zamenhof 797
Monte Carlo Modeling of Fast Sub-critical Assemblywith MOX Fuel for Research of Accelerator-Driven SystemsA. Polanski, V. Barashenkov, I. Puzynin, I. Rakhno, A. Sissakian 803
Evaluation of CRISTO II Storage Arrays Benchmarkwith TRIPOLI-4.2 Criticality CalculationsY.K. Lee 809
Session Neutron-Gamma VIII: Graphics and Analysis
Current State of Monte Carlo Visualization ToolsR. Schwarz, L. Carter 815
Contents XXI
Conceptual Designing of a Reduced Moderation PressurizedWater Reactor by Use of MVP and MVP-BURNT. Kugo 821
The Role of Graphical Supporting Tools for Monte CarloAnalysisM. Armishaw, A. Bird, H. Crofts, N. Smith 827
Simulating Variable Source Problems via Post Processingof Individual Particle TalliesD.L. Bleuel, R.J. Donahue, B.A. Ludewigt, J. Vujic 833
MCNP Modelling of HTGR Pebble-Type FuelZ. Karriem, C. Stoker, F. Reitsma 841
Session Neutron—Gamma P: Miscellaneous Topics
Universal Approach for ADS Blanket CalculationsUsing the Monte Carlo MethodV. V. Korobeinikov 847
Monte Carlo Depletion Analysis of a PWR Integral FuelBurnable Absorber by MCNAPH.J. Shim, C.S. Jang, C.H. Kim 851
Application of Biasing Optimization Techniques to Monte CarloShielding Analysis of a Transport CaskS. Mitake, 0. Sato, H. Tsunoda 859
Improvement and Benchmarking of the New Shutdown DoseEstimation Method by Monte Carlo CodeL. Petrizzi, H. Iida, D. Valenza, P. Batistoni 865
Monte Carlo Simulation of Neutron and Photon Transportwith Direct Utilization of Information from EvaluatedNuclear Data FilesP.A. Androsenko, D.L. Joloudov, A. V. Kompaniyets 871
Application of MCNP-Based Software Package MF3Dfor BWR Radiation Damage ComputationsR-T. Chiang, S. Sitaraman, K. Asano, K. Koyabu 877
Why Do We Need TARGET?D. Schlegel, S. Guldbakke 881
Noise Method for Monitoring the Subcriticalityin Accelerator-Driven SystemsY. Rugama, J.L. Munoz-Cobo, T.E. Valentine 887
XXII Contents
Sediment-Density Dependency of Natural Gamma Ray Spectrain a Borehole GeometryP.H.G.M. Hendriks, M. Maucec, R.J. de Meijer 893
Some Experimental and Monte Carlo Investigationsof the Plastic Scintillators for the Current ModeMeasurements at Pulsed Neutron SourcesA. Rogov, Yu. Pepyolyshev, M. Carta, A. d'Angelo 899
Feasibility Study of Non-Radioactive Tracers for MonitoringInjected Water in Oil ReservoirsH. Sawamura, K. Nishimura, H. Mituishi, T. Muta, J. S. Schweitzer.... 905
Neutronics and Shielding Analysis of an IgnitorS. Rollet, M. Rapisarda 911
Monte Carlo Calculations for Neutron and Gamma RadiationFields on a Fast Neutron Irradiation DeviceA. Vieira, A. Ramalho, I.C. Goncalves, A. Fernandes, N. Barradas,J. G. Marques, J. Prata, Ch. Chaussy 919
Shielding Assessment of the MYRRHA Accelerator-DrivenSystem Using the MCNP CodeM. Coeck, Th. Aoust, F. Vermeersch, A. Abderrahim 925
Numerical Tests for the Problem of U—Pu Fuel Burnupin Fuel Rod and Polycell Models Using the MCNP CodeV. G. Muratov, A. V. Lopatkin 931
Session Hadronic I: Hadron Code Review
The HERMES Monte Carlo Program System: a Versatile Toolfor Spallation Physics and Detector ApplicationsD. Filges, R.-D. Neef, H. Schaal, G. Sterzenbach 937
MARS Code StatusN. V. Mokhov, O.E. Krivosheev 943
Present Status of Nucleon-Meson Transport CodeNMTC/JAERIH. Takada, S. Meigo, K. Niita 949
FLUKA: Status and Prospects for Hadronic ApplicationsA. Fassd, A. Ferrari, P.R. Sola, J. Ranft 955
Contents XXIII
Status of the MCNPX Transport CodeH.G. Hughes, M.B. Chadwick, R.K. Corzine, H.W. Egdorf, F.X. Gallmeier,R.C. Little, R.E. MacFarlane, S.G. Mashnik, E.J. Pitcher, R.E. Prael,A.J. Sierk, E.C. Snow, L.S. Waters, M.C. White, P.G. Young 961
Session Hadronic II: Physics Model Calculationsand Data Compilation
Physics Models and Nuclear Data Evaluations for EnhancedMonte Carlo TransportM.B. Chadwick, H.G. Hughes, R.C. Little, E.J. Pitcher, P.G. Young ... 967
Development of Heavy Ion Transport Monte Carlo CodeH. Iwase, T. Kurosawa, T. Nakamura, N. Yoshizawa, J. Funabiki 973
Baryon Stopping in High-Energy Collisionsin the DPMJET-III ModelJ. Ranft, R. Engel, S. Roesler 979
Session Hadronic III: Applications I
Muons and Neutrinos at High-Energy AcceleratorsN. Mokhov, S. Striganov, A. Van Ginneken 985
Utilization of Monte Carlo Calculations in Radiation TransportAnalyses to Support the Design of the U.S. Spallation NeutronSource (SNS)J. 0. Johnson 991
Deep Penetration Monte Carlo Calculationsfor the European Spallation Source ESSI. Koprivnikar, E. Schachinger 997
Validation of MC Models of Spallation Reactionsin Thin and Thick Targets in the GeV RangeF. Goldenbaum, M. Enke, D. Filges, J. Galin, C.-M. Herbach, D. Hilscher,U. Jahnke, A. Letourneau, B. Lott, R.-D. Neef, K. Nunighoff, N. Paul,A. Peghaire, L. Pienkowski, H. Schaal, U. Schroder, G. Sterzenbach,A. Tietze, V. Tishchenko, J. Toke, M. Wohlmuther 1003
Design and Effects of the Proton Windowof the Spallation Neutron SourceF.C. Difilippo 1009
XXIV Contents
Application of the EA-MC Code Packageto the Design of Accelerator-Driven SystemsY. Kadi 1015
Session Hadronic IV: Physics Models for Monte Carlo Codes
Hadronic Collisions: Physics, Models and Event GeneratorsJ. Ranft 1021
Modelling Hadronic InteractionsJ.P. Wellisch 1027
The Monte Carlo Event Generator DPMJET-IIIS. Roesler, R. Engel, J. Ranft 1033
Object-Oriented Approach to Preequilibrium and EquilibriumDecays in Geant4V. Lara 1039
The GEM Code - the Generalized Evaporation Modeland the Fission ModelS. Furihata 1045
Session Hadronic V: Applications II
Application of Monte Carlo to Proton Beam Radiation TherapyJ. V. Siebers 1051
Monte Carlo Analysis of Correlation of Displacement DamageDue to Neutrons, Protons, Electrons and Gamma Rayin Microelectronic DevicesHuang Liu Xing, Chen Shi Bin, Chen Yu Sheng 1057
Monte Carlo Simulations of Neutral Gasand Fast Ion Dynamics in GDT ExperimentsK. Noack 1063
Treatment Planning for Carbon Ion RadiotherapyM. Kramer, 0. Jdkel, T. Haberer, G. Kraft, D. Schardt, D. Scholz,U. Weber 1069
Neutron Shielding Calculations for a 230-MeV Proton TherapyFacilityU. Titt, W.D. Newhauser, X. Yan, D. T. Dexheimer 1075
Contents XXV
Coupling MCNP-DSP and LAHET Monte Carlo Codesfor Designing Subcriticality Monitors for Accelerator-DrivenSystemsT. Valentine, Y. Rugama, J.L. Munoz-Cobo, R. Perez 1081
Session Hadronic VI: Experiments and Benchmarks
Shielding Benchmark Experiments Through Concrete and Ironwith High-Energy Proton and Heavy Ion AcceleratorsT. Nakamura, M. Sasaki, T. Nunomiya, N. Nakao, E. Kim, T. Kurosawa,S. Taniguchi, H. Iwase, Y. Uwamino, T. Shibata, S. Ito, A. Fukumura,D.R. Perry, P. Wright 1085
New Method and Data on Residue Production in Spallationby 208Pb on Protons for the Design of Spallation SourcesT. Enqvist, W. Wlazlo, J. Benlliure, F. Rejmund, P. Armbruster,M. Bernas, A. Boudard, S. Czajkowski, R. Legrain, S. Leray, B. Mustapha,M. Pravikoff, K.-H. Schmidt, C. Stephan, J. Taieb, L. Tassan-Got,C. Volant 1097
Determination of Stopping Power of Ions in MatterN.P. Barradas, C. Jeynes, R.P. Webb, E. Wendler 1105
Comparison of Spallation Neutron and Residual NuclideProduction Data with Different Intra-Nuclear Cascade ModelsS. Leray, A. Boudard, J. Cugnon, R. Legrain, C. Volant 1111
Session Hadronic VII: Monte Carlo Methods and Theory
Design of Tracking and Generic Processes in Geant4M. Asai, K. Amako, J. Apostolakis, H. Kurasige, T. Sasaki,J.-P. Wellisch 1117
Multigroup Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck Approachfor Ion Transport in Amorphous MediaN.D. Keen, A.K. Prinja, G.D. Dunham 1123
A Stochastic Model of Multiple Scattering of Charged Particles:Process, Transport Equation and SolutionsL. Papiez, V. Tulovsky, V. Moskvin 1129
XXVI Contents
Session Hadronic P: Miscellaneous Topics
PICA3, an Updated Code of Photo-nuclear CascadeEvaporation Code PICA95, and Its Benchmark ExperimentsT. Sato, K. Shin, S. Ban, T.A. Gabriel, C. Y. Fu, H.S. Lee 1139
Monte Carlo Simulation as an Aidto Alpha-Particle SpectrometryA. Martin Sanchez, A. Fernandez Timon, C.J. Bland 1145
Measurements and Calculations of Secondary Particle Yieldsfrom 100-800 MeV/Nucleon Heavy IonsT. Kurosawa, T. Nakamura, H. Iwase, H. Sato, N. Nakao, Y. Uwamino,A. Fukumura 1151
Development of an Extended Range Bonner SphereSpectrometerC. Birattari, P. Cappellaro, A. Mitaroff, M. Silari 1157
Influence of the FLUKA Geometrical Modelon the ADS Demonstration Facility Criticality CalculationsP. Neuhold 1163
Simulation of Nucleus—Nucleus Interactionsin the Framework of the FRITIOF ModelA. Polanski, A.S. Galoyan, V. V. Uzhinskii 1169
Monte Carlo Simulation of the Neutron Time-of-Flight Facilityat CERNV. Vlachoudis, C. Borcea, S. Buono, P. Cennini, A. Ferrari, Y. Kadi,V. Lacoste, E. Radermacher 1175
Systematic Uncertainties on the Determination of the top Massat the LHC from Soft Fragmentation EffectsM. David, A. Maio, A. de Angelis, A. Gomes 1181
Author Index 1187