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Advanced School for CoachesAdvanced School for CoachesGreco-Roman WrestlingGreco-Roman Wrestling

Psychological and Emotional Psychological and Emotional Processes in WrestlingProcesses in Wrestling

Luís Catita, PhDLuís Catita, PhDAlmada, 14-17/11/2013Almada, 14-17/11/2013

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Competitive PressureCompetitive Pressure

Competitive pressure is directly related with sport practice.

The first goal of competition is to determine a winner. The greater the balance between the wrestlers abilities and the higher the importance of the competition, the greater tend to be the pressure experienced by the wrestlers and also the coach.

“é um estado emocional negativo.”

Anxiety - TraitGeneral predisposition to evaluate important situations as

potentially threatening.

Anxiety - StateIndividual response to a specific situation by means of mental

and physiological symptoms.

AnxietyAnxiety

Anxiety StatesAnxiety States

Mental ComponentMental ComponentDesignated as cognitive anxiety (i.e. negative expectations, doubts about his abilities and potential outcome).

Physiological ComponentPhysiological ComponentDesignated as somatic or physiological anxiety (i.e. physiological indicators of unwanted feelings or states).

“It’s a process where there is an unbalance between

the subject abilities and the environmental demands.”

“It’s a relation with the environment, that a subject

evaluates as being significative for his well-being and

where the demands are equal or higher of the available

resources.”

StressStress

Stress sourcesStress sources

Situacional sources: Situacional sources: The importance of the event The uncertanty of the situation

Personal sources:Personal sources: Anxiety trait Self-esteem.

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Stress! Could be goodStress! Could be good

Stress Process by McGrathStress Process by McGrath

Environmental demands

Individual perception of the environmental demands

Response

(physiological and psychological)

Behavior

Adjusting

•It’s a level of activation that goes from deep sleep to

maximum excitation.

•Characterizes the intensity of wanted in response to a

given situation.

•Involves psychological and physiological factors of

behavior.

ArousalArousal

INVERTED – U HYPOTESIS

high Low

Performance

Physiological Arousal

Optimal Optimal Point Point

Individual Zones of optimal functioning (ISOF) (Hanin, 1980, 1986, 1997)

Athlete A (low IZOF) Athlete B (moderate IZOF) Athlete C (hight IZOF) Low State anxiety level Hight

In zone (best performance)

Out of zone

Out of zone

In zone (best performance)

Out of Zone

Out

of zone In Zone (best performance)

Atletas de elite tem uma zona ótima de Estado de Ansiedade = melhor desempenho. Fora da Zona =

desempenho pobre

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Functional Positive and Negative Emotions

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Disfunctional Positive and Negative Emotions

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Anxiety, Arousal and StressAnxiety, Arousal and Stress

Coping:Coping:Cognitive and behavioral change that the

subject uses to deal (cope) with the

demands of the specific relation between

himself and the environment.

PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONPSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION

Jacobson Progressive Jacobson Progressive RelaxationRelaxation

Progressive Relaxation (Guidelines)

Quiet Place (i.e. without noises) Mention that the technique of gradual relaxation of

Jacobson is a technique that involves the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups together all deep breathing.

Explain the movements of contraction and relaxation, as well as the words to tension and relax.

Lie down on the mat with the back to de ground, legs and arms stretched.

Dim de lights and ask to take the Heart Rate.

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Progressive Relaxation (Guidelines)

Take a deep breath and let it out slowly and relax. Start relaxation, reducing the tone and pace of diction, giving

directions (tension 5 "; relaxation 15"), following the relaxation with deep breath.

Always leave a period of concentration on the breath between each muscle group (30 ").

In the end, let the attention focus on the breath. Take the heart rate again, turn on the lights and raise gradually. Push your back to the floor as hard as you can

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Exercices

1. Tense your neck muscles by bringing your head forward until your chin digs into chest

2. Raise your arms, extend them in front of you and make a tight fist with each hand.

3. Press the palms of you hands together and push (chest and shoulder muscles)

4. Tense your stomach muscle as tight as you can.5. Extend your legs, raising them about about 10cm off the floor

and tense your thigh muscles.6. Push

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION …PATIENT

luis.catita@fplutasamadoras.pt