Advanced Synthetic Jet Fuels from Combined Algae and …tu-freiberg.de/sites/default/files/media/professur-fuer-energiever... · Advanced Synthetic Jet Fuels from Combined Algae and

Advanced Synthetic Jet Fuels from Combined Algae and Coal Conversion

4th International Freiberg Conference on IGCC and XtL Technologies

Rocco Fiato, Sam Zaszepinski, and Dick Bauman (AccelergyCorporation); Paul Pansegrau, Ted Aulich, Chad Wocken, Josh

Strege, Ben Oster, Marc Kurz, Ramesh Sharma, Tom Erickson, and Carsten Heide (EERC)

May 4, 2010

-1-Freiberg-EERC-Accelergy-29Apr10

Holy Grail of Fuel Production

Clean

“Food-Friendly” –Does Not Compete

with Food Production –

Directly or Indirectly

Zero CO2, CO2-Neutral, or Lower CO2 Signature than Traditional Technologies

Low Water Consumption

Domestically Produced/Secure

Green

Needs to Be Low Cost!Needs to Be Low Cost!


Accelergy–EERC Partnership Addresses Challenges in CBTL

Developing clean integrated coal- and biomass-to-liquids (CBTL) process for beneficial CO2 utilization

• Direct coal conversion via Accelergy’s microcatalytic coal liquefaction (MCL®) – Accelergy technology/EERC R&D support

• Biomass conversion via catalytic hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization (CHI) – EERC technology/Accelergycommercialization

• CO2 capture, storage, and recycle – EERC/Accelergy and other partners

• Fuel upgrading – EERC/Accelergy

Additional program areas• Conversion of residues via gasification• Algae reactor development


Accelergy – Setting the Standard for Cleaner Jet Fuels

Accelergy is a leader in producing high-performance fuels at less cost to both the environment and the customer:

• By combining the coal-to-liquids (CTL) and biomass-to-liquids (BTL) processes, Accelergy removes 20% of the CO2 emissions associated with standard refining methods, while producing 20% more energy per pound.

• Jet fuel exceeds the military JP-8 and commercial Jet-A standards for use on all jets and is currently being used by the Air Force as the industry benchmark for 100% synthetic (not petroleum-based) fuels.

• Cleaner fuels that reduce nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions and enabling use of higher efficiency engines.

Accelergy has a technology license agreement with the ExxonMobil Researchand Engineering Company and is backed by a group of world-class investors:

• Advent International, Goldman Sachs, Lux Capital, Mobius VC, Nth Power, Sequoia Capital China, and Technology Partners.


The EERC is recognized as one of the world's leading developers of:• Cleaner, more efficient, and innovative energy technologies to guarantee clean,

reliable energy supplies.• Environmental technologies to clean and protect our air, water, and soil.

The EERC is recognized as one of the world's leading developers of:• Cleaner, more efficient, and innovative energy technologies to guarantee clean,

reliable energy supplies.• Environmental technologies to clean and protect our air, water, and soil.

• Coal Utilization Technologies Center• Emission Control Technologies Center• National Center for Hydrogen Technology (NCHT)• Center for Climate Change & Carbon Capture and

Storage• Center for Air Toxic Metals® (CATM®)• Centers for Renewable Energy and Biomass

Utilization• Water Management Center• National Alternative Fuels Center• Center for Oil and Gas• Great Plains Applied Energy Technology Center• Center for Environmental Chemistry and Reclamation

11 Centers of Excellence

EERC – One of the World's Leading Developers of Energy and Environmental Technologies


Dedicated Partnerships with the Private Sector, Government, and the Research Community

The cornerstone of the EERC’s success is a practical, market-driven,problem-solving approach that consistently meets client needs.

The cornerstone of the EERC’s success is a practical, market-driven,problem-solving approach that consistently meets client needs.

Since 1987, the EERC has had nearly 1100 clients in 51 countries and all 50 states.

Client Specs:• Private corporations: 798• International market: 142• Governmental clients: 93• Academia: 52 • EERC Foundation


Slurry PreheatFurnaces

LiquefactionReactors

SolventHydrogenation

MCL Is Commercially Ready andEconomically Viable

Description

Technology• Microcatalytic direct coal

conversion licensed from ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company

Feedstocks• Bituminous coal• Subbituminous coal

Products• Cycloparafinic jet distillate• Diesel fuel

Background (>$1B invested)• Developed over ‘70s – ‘90s• Demonstrated to 250 tons coal/day

and service factor of 91%

Benefits over Fischer–Tropsch(FT)

High efficiency• 3–4 bbl/ton of coal vs. 2 bbl/ton of

coal for indirect liquefaction (FT)

Lower capital expenditure (CAPEX) (30% lower)

Less water (75% less)

Less greenhouse gases (GHGs) (30% less)

Accelergy is further developing the technologies for different commercial settings and coals.

Accelergy is further developing the technologies for different commercial settings and coals.

Direct Coal Liquefaction


Accelergy’s Stand-Alone MCL – Coal to Liquids…

... Provides high-quality cycloparaffinic fuels.... Provides high-quality cycloparaffinic fuels.

Coal Feed

Hydrogen

Liquefaction

Coal Liquids

Upgrading

Cyclo-paraffinic

Fuels

MCL

CO2

Gasification

Residues


CHI Is Being Scaled Up

Description

Technology• Nanocatalytic direct biomass

conversion

Feedstocks• Lipid biomass (e.g. camelina, waste

oils, yellow grease, algae)

Products• Isoparafinic diesel fuels• Jet fuel• Bio-naphtha

Background (> $50M invested)• Winner of DARPA innovative

biomass to JP-8 award• First 100% renewable jet fuel• Design of pilot plant at refinery

Benefits

Uses nonfood biomass materials

Flexible feedstock alternatives

Highly efficient relative to indirect processes

Scale efficiencies and fuel formulation synergies associated with MCL integration

To date, this is the only existing technology that produces 100% renewable, drop-in-compatible jet fuels.

To date, this is the only existing technology that produces 100% renewable, drop-in-compatible jet fuels.

Direct Biomass Liquefaction

Commercial Catalysts


Many Different Feedstock Have Been Utilized

Feedstocks utilized:• Oils

- Algae, canola, camelina, coconut, corn, crambe, cuphea, and soy

• Fats- Tallow

• Wastes- Yellow and brown greases

• Free fatty acids- Corn and soy

• Blends


EERC Proprietary

World’s First 100% Renewable JP-8:EERC Coconut–Soy JP-8 vs. Petroleum JP-8


Renewable JP-8 Successfully Tested in a Rocket

-158Initial Boiling Point, °C

EERC JP-8

JP-8Mil. Spec.

Aromatics, vol% 22.2 8 (min.) 25 (max.)

Heat of Combustion, MJ/kg 43.6 42.8 (min.)

Flash Point, °C 48 38 (min.)68 (max.)

Freeze Point, °C −58 −47 (max.)

Density, kg/L 0.792 0.775 (min.)0.840 (max.)

Distillation – T10, °C 176 157 (min.)205 (max.)

Final Boiling Point, °C 274 300 (max.)

Flowmetric–EERC Rocket Launch






Renewable JP-5

EERC JP-5

JP-5Mil. Spec.

Aromatics, vol% 16.2 25 (max.)


Flash Point, °C 62 60 (min.)

Freeze Point, °C −59 −46 (max.)


Initial Boiling Point, °C 179 -

Final Boiling Point, °C 260 300 (max.) F-22 RaptorF/A-18 Hornet

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Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ) Fuel

EERC HRJ

HRJD7566

Aromatics 0.7 % max.


Flash Point, °C 44 38 (min.)

Freeze Point, °C -53 -47 (max.)


Distillation – T10, °C 171 205 (max.)

Final Boiling Point, °C 275 340 (max.)

JFTOT (325°C, pass/fail) Pass Pass

Trace Metals (pass/fail) Pass PassEmbraer EMB-170

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Coal Feed

Hydrogen

Liquefaction

Coal Liquids

Upgrading

Cyclo-paraffinic

Fuels

MCL

CO2

Accelergy’s MCL-CHI – Coal and Biomass to Liquids…

… Provides cost-competitive 100% synthetic drop-in-compatible fuels that can be tailored across a wide range of civilian and military applications.

… Provides cost-competitive 100% synthetic drop-in-compatible fuels that can be tailored across a wide range of civilian and military applications.

Triglyceride Fatty Acids Raw Paraffins

IsomerizationHydrodeoxygenation

Iso-paraffinic

Fuels

CHI

Biomass Feed

Gasification

Residues


Photobioreactor (PBR) Controls Algae Growth

Description

Technology• Closed-loop algae production

system develop by A2BE and Raytheon

• Flow rate optimization to maximize algae oxygen production

Feedstocks• Industrial CO2

Products• Algal lipid biomass• Algal protein biomass• Oxygen

Background• Demonstrated at scale

Benefits

Radical increase in algae production per acre

Closed system mitigates contamination

Algae agnostic

Oxygen production and capture allows Oxyfuel applications

The EERC has been demonstrating algae-to-jet fuel conversion.The EERC has been demonstrating algae-to-jet fuel conversion.

Closed Conversion ofCO2 into Algae

Rotating Screen

Centrifuge

Air Flotation

Bio-Harvesting

Saltwater Algae

Freshwater Algae

Diatom Algae

Cyanobacteria Algae

Universal Industrial

CC&R Machine

A2BE’s CC&R Machine Adapts to Multiple Algae Species and Harvesting Technologies


Coal Feed

Hydrogen

Liquefaction

Coal Liquids

Upgrading

Cyclo-paraffinic

Fuels

MCL

CO2

PBR Is Fully Integrating CBTL …

… And facilitating the final step toward a low-carbon world. … And facilitating the final step toward a low-carbon world.

Triglyceride Fatty Acids Raw Paraffins

IsomerizationHydrodeoxygenation

Iso-paraffinic

Fuels

CHI

Biomass/Fatty Acid Separation

Algae

CO2Recovery

Dried Algae

PBR

Algae PBR and Recovery

Gasification

Residues

Drying


CBTL Overcomes Disadvantages of Biomass-Only or Coal-Only Conversion Processes

Biomass to Liquids Coal to Liquids+

Meets EPA GHG Target

Possible No Yes

Land Requirements

Very Large Small 1/10 Smallest (bioalgal)

JP-8/JP-8 + 100 Quality Blendstock Blendstock Premium

CARB Gasoline Quality Low High High

Net Power Production Potential Exporter Importer Balanced

Net O2 Production Exporter (A2BE) Importer Balanced

Production Cost per Barrel

Very High Low Low

CBTL


1 Ton

Coal

MCL®Indirect CTL

(Conventional FT) CBTL

1.6 tons CO2 1.0 tons CO2 0.5 tons CO2

2 barrels 3 barrels+ 4 barrels+

Note: All numbers are rough representations.

The Carbon Ends Up in the Fuel –Less CO2 Is Produced


Current CTLStand-Alone

Accelergy MCLStand-Alone

Accelergy BTLStand-Alone

GHG Determined byCoal: Biomass Feed Ratio

ConventionalRefining

Rel

ativ

e G

HG

Foo

tprin

t

Accelergy CBTLStand-Alone

Note: “Current technology” represented by coal gasification and FT synthesis to hydrocarbons has overall thermal efficiency of ~50% and GHG ~1.8x conventional petroleum analogs; formal life-cycle assessment in progress.

Accelergy Integrated Coal-to-Liquid (ICTL) • Accelergy MCL direct liquefaction lowers CO2 to 55% of current levels.• Biomass coconversion reduces CO2 from 0% to 50% of current level.• Depending on relative coal-to-biomass feed ratio (0% would require a ~60/40

carbon atom feed ratio of coal to biomass).• Stand-alone biomass conversion reduces CO2 to -70% of current level (excluding

credits for other regulated emission reduction from fuel performance).

Accelergy Integrated Coal-to-Liquid (ICTL) • Accelergy MCL direct liquefaction lowers CO2 to 55% of current levels.• Biomass coconversion reduces CO2 from 0% to 50% of current level.• Depending on relative coal-to-biomass feed ratio (0% would require a ~60/40

carbon atom feed ratio of coal to biomass).• Stand-alone biomass conversion reduces CO2 to -70% of current level (excluding

credits for other regulated emission reduction from fuel performance).

Relative GHG Footprint for Current Coal-to-Liquid vs. Accelergy ICTL

100%

55%

-70%

50%


CO2 Capture and Sequestration (CCS) at the EERC

EERC CCS Work

The EERC leads one of seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships that the U.S. Department of Energy and other partners are funding to demonstrate CCS across North America.The plains CO2 reduction (PCOR) partnership is finishing four Phase II small-scale demonstrations and developing two Phase III commercial-scale demonstrations.The Partnership for CO2 Capture is currently evaluating several platforms for capture in partnership with key stakeholders.

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Questions?

Carsten Heide Associate Director for Intellectual Property Management and Technology Commercialization

Energy & Environmental Research Center 15 North 23rd Street, Stop 9018 Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9018 E-Mail: [email protected] www.undeerc.org

Thank you!Thank you!

Documents

Advanced Synthetic Jet Fuels from Combined Algae and …tu-freiberg.de/sites/default/files/media/professur-fuer-energiever... · Advanced Synthetic Jet Fuels from Combined Algae and