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TEKNİK DEBİ
Engineering Construction and Trade Limited Company
ADVANCED TREATMENT
SOLUTIONS
www.teknikdebi.com
2014
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. TEKNİK DEBİ ................................................................................................. 3
2. MBR TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................................... 6
3. MBBR TECHNOLOGIES ............................................................................... 10
4. MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES AS MAIN COMPONENT OF MBR/MBBR
PROCESSES ................................................................................................. 14
5. CEREMIC FLAT MEMBRANES (CFM®) ......................................................... 20
6. PACKAGE TREATMENT SYSTEMS ................................................................ 33
7. DESIGN AND APPLICATION REFERENCES .................................................... 38
3
Teknik Debi Engineering Construction & Trade Ltd. Co.
ADVANCED TREATMENT SOLUTIONS
1. TEKNİK DEBİ
BRIEFLY TEKNİK DEBİ
“Teknik Debi” is formed in 2011 in Istanbul, strategically located at the crossroads of EMEA
countries, to act in the field of Environmental Technologies for being reliable solution
partner for local and international projects to its Clients and Stakeholders. “Teknik Debi”
provides services from feasibility studies to turn-key project solutions at international
standards with its application experience and know-how.
“Teknik Debi” has adopted the principle to constantly remain informed about the latest
developments and progress in the global market and targeted to provide value added
sustainable solutions and services to its Clients and Stake holders with quality and integrity.
Its founders have assembled under the name of “Teknik Debi” their experience and know-
how in the field of water, wastewater treatment and environmental technologies that has
been gained in the past at Sistem Yapı in order both to create economic value and to
contribute to the development of the society. Considering the current value of the water
and the increasing importance of its value, “Teknik Debi” is focusing on advanced treatment
technologies and developing design, application, operation and turn-key solutions with MBR
and MBBR processes taking into account reuse capabilities.
In light of this, “Teknik Debi” has signed a cooperation agreement with German R&D
oriented ItN Nanovation A.G, Water Filtration , flat ceramic
membrane manufacturer as one of the basic component of the advanced treatment MBR
and MBBR technologies. Initiated as a Project Management company, in 2013, “Teknik Debi”
reorganized itself to be a solution partner for local and international projects and within the
4
same year has completed its certification of ISO 9001 and 14001 for Environmental
Treatment Systems in the field of project development, application and operation, as well as
OHSAS 18001.
FIELD OF ACTIVITIES
Design and Build Solutions
Customised Solutions with Advanced Treatment Technologies
- Membran Bio-Reactor Treatment Plants
- MBR, MBBR processes and Ceramic Membrane Applications in cooperation with
German “ItN Nanovation A.G”
Turn-key – “EPC” – Environmental and Infrastructure Works
Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plants
Drinking Water Treatment
Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Electro-Mechanical Supply and Erection
Package wastewater treatment plants with MBR and MBBR processes
Package drinking water treatment plants
Commissioning and Operation services
Landfill, Energy Recovery and Recycling Technologies
Project “Life Cycle” Consultancy Services
Pre-Bid / Tender Stage
- Pre-Bid Contract Document Review
- Risk Identification
- Contract Negotiation
5
Construction & Implementation Stage
- Contractual Advice and Strategy
- Contract Administration and Management
- Commercial Management
- Project Management
- Claims and Variation Management
Dispute Resolution
- Representation of Parties before Dispute Board
- Preparation and Presentation of Position Papers
- Appointment of disputes / arbitrator
- Amicable Settlement Negotiations
- Contract Litigation & Arbitration Consultancy
- Expert Witnesses
6
2. MBR TECHNOLOGIES
Considering the demand sourced from public health and the reuse needs, design of
Membran Bio-Reactor, known as MBR, and membrane aerated plant applications are
increasingly continuing as an alternative to the conventional aerated systems in municipal
and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Classic and conventional aeration processes are
generally based on the following process steps: pre-treatment – aeration – clarification.
During clarification the activated sludge is separated from the liquid phase by the process
step of sedimentation. Depending on environmental influences such as temperature, wind,
and also fluctuating intake, the biomass can often not be fully removed and will then enter
the clear water effluent. Patojenic components like viruses, bactaria and medical residues
are mixed to the surface water with the effluent.
In MBR process, pollutants are retained as water molecules are passing through the
membrane pores and the concentarated waste solution is discharged. Suspended biomass is
separated from water by micro or ultra filtration. This liquid/biomass separation by cross
flow memberane filtration can be applied externally with a separate unit but it can also be
applied internally, entegrated to the biological unit with submerged membrane systems.
Whereas limited bio-mass concentrations can be achieved on conventional system’s
sedimentation process, with systems like MBR where sedimentation can eliminated, high
concentrations can be achieved without any problem. High concentrations on active sludge
tank will increase the efficiency of the treatment. In comparission to conventional active
sludge tanks, volumes can be reduced up to 75% and thanks to compact solutions of MBR
systems, less foot-print opportunities are created.
7
Conventional active sludge wastewater treatment
Reducing on the necessaries/components for MBR application
8
EXTERNAL MBR SYSTEM
On external MBR configuration, biological part is separated from membrane part for
cleaning and maintenance purposes. However to prevent the sludge thickening, active
sludge should constantly be recirculated.
INTERNAL MBR SYSTEM
Internal MBR configurations contain the most compact configuration for Memebrane Bio-
reactors. Yet direct contact of raw water with the membranes should be prevented.
Grit Removal
Aeration Tank
Secondary Treatment
(biological)
Pre Treatment
(mechanical)
Screen
Aeration Tank
Secondary Treatment
(biological)
Pre Treatment
(mechanical)
Grit Removal
Screen
Membrane
9
MBR designs, not only, improve the effluent water quality, but also, reduce the number of
units needed for the treatment process and provide signigicantly less foot print. It also
provides important advantages for control and operation of the treatment process.
Summary of the main advantages of the MBR systems in comparsion to conventional
systems:
100% suspended solid removal
o Improvement of effluent water quality in terms of COD and BOD
o Advanced clarfied high water effluent quality without any need to sedimentation,
sand filters or any kind of disinfection
o Improvement on water quality even in the case of sludge floating, bulking and
foaming
Smaller tank volumes due to increased biomass concentration
Less foot print and land for the entire treatment plant
Capability to convert conventional systems to MBR systems by using the existing
units
Allowing refurbishment and modification of existing plants due to its modular
system/structure
10
3. MBBR TECHNOLOGIES
MBBR (Moving Bed Bio-Reactor) process contains achiving biological treatment by utilizing
movement of suspended carrier material. In general terms the treatment principle is based
on trickeling filter technology, spreying on or submerging into wastewater microorganism
that grows on the “carrier material/media” followed mixture of oxygen. The culture(s)
adapted to waste water and its components form a strong and permenant bio-film on the
“carrier material/media”. Additionally membrane filtration integrated to the system
provides suspended solid free, high quality effluent water.
MBBR SYSTEM
11
Bio-fims are used to dissolve/degrade components of waste water within waste water
treatment. For this purposes “carrier material/media” are used to ensure more preservation
of bacteria. “Carrier material/media” provide for bio-films, the most suitable environment to
microorganisms to convert into different substances, for colonization by proliferation.
Pre Treatment
(mechanical)
Secondary Treatment
(biological)
Aeration Tank Grit Removal Screen
12
Colonisation of the microorganisms is depending on the decent environmental conditions
and the existing nutrient quantity. Some of the factors that influence the degradation are
existing oxygen amount, pH value, toxic loads and the flow. Other important parameters are
“carrier material/media” that varies by geometry, material and surface area. “Carrier
material/media” used with MBBR processes should have 1.0 kg/l densisty in order to be
suspended within the biological treatment system. Therefore polyethylene (PE) and
polypropylene (PP) material are used in diffrent geometry.
Foam “Carrier Material/Media”
Plastic “Carrier Material/Media”
13
We know that biological volumes can be reduced directly submerging membranes in to
biological units in MBR treatment systems by increasing the biomass concentration from 2-3
g/l upto 12-15 g/l. For a MBBR system, solid content in biological treatment system is
approximately 1 g/l. Effective bio-volume is increased by utilizing biologically active “carrier
material/media” instead of increasing the bio-mass concentration. Thus, like MBR systems,
biological volume is also smaller on MBBR systems. Recution on the volume of the biological
treatment sytems allows this process to be used on package treatment systems. In
comparison to the conventional systems, “carrier material/bio-media” reduces the civil
structures more than 60%.
Summary of the main advantages of the MBBR systems in comparsion to conventional
systems:
Allows robust operation for inflow load fluctuations and sudden loadings
Allows reliable and robust plant control, especially small scale plants
Allows biological harmony by immuned microorganisms
100% suspended solid removal is achived by membrane filtration
o Improvement of effluent water quality in terms of COD and BOD
o Advanced clarfied high water effluent quality without any need to sedimentation,
sand filters or any kind of disinfection
Allowing refurbishment and modification of existing plants due to its modular
system/structure
Lower energy consumption and high economic efficiency
14
4. MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES AS MAIN COMPONENT OF
MBR/MBBR PROCESSES
OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF A MEMBRANE
15
CLASIFICTION OF MEMBRAN PROCESSES
Membrane proses
Phase separation
Driving Force Purpose
Microfiltration (MF) liquid / solid Differential
pressure 0.1 – 0.3 bar
Removal of solids from suspensions
Ultrafiltration (UF) liquid / liquid Differential
pressure 0.5 – 10 bar
Removal of macromolecular or colloidal dissolved
substances, disinfection
Nanofiltration (NF) liquid / liquid Differential
pressure 2 – 40 bar
Removal of dissolved organic molecules and multivalent
inorganic ions
Reverse osmosis (RO) liquid / liquid Differential
pressure 5 – 70 bar
Removal of all molecules and ions
16
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE and MATRIALS
The structures of the membranes can be symmetric or asymmetric. While symmetric
membrane structures are homogen through out their thickness, asymmetric membrane
structures contain one or more layer. The feeding side active surface determines the
efficiency of separation and the porous carrier layer function as support.
Various membrane materials are used depending on the water and waste water
components and operating conditions. Organic materials like cellulose acetate (CA),
polyamide (PA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polieter sulfon (PES) and inorganic
materials like ceramic, stainless steel or fiber reinforced carbon material are making the
fundemental differences.
Althugh polymer membranes are used for water and waste water applications, the usage of
ceramic membranes are increasing everyday and becoming a preference.
Polymer Membranes Ceramic Membranes
Material Hidropfile poliether sulfon and
polysulfon, etc …
Aluminium oxide, titanium
dioxide, zirconium (di)oxide
Specifications
Low pressure and tensile strenght,
limited pH resistance, limited
temperature resistance
High pressure and tensile
strenght, resistance to abrasion,
resistance to pH and chemical
effects, temperature and UV
resistance
Advanteges Low production cost, high packing
volumes
High resistance to chemical,
temperature and abrasion, low
operation cost and membrane
replacement, high flux values, less
control requirements
Disadvantages Sensitivity to pH, temperature and
abrasion
High weight, higher production
costs
17
FOULING PROCESSES OF MEMBRANES
Fouling = colloidal fouling
• Accumulation of colloidally dissolved substances on the membrane surface whereby
a slimy film is formed
Generated by a bacterial growth caused by the nutrients available in the feed
Scaling
• Salt formation caused by inorganic precipitation on and inside of the membrane
Usually present on the membranes when exceeding the solubility product because of
high concentration, pH changes, temperature changes.
Biofouling
• Formation of a slimy biofilm when micro-organism settle on the membrane surface
This type of fouling occurs in all systems that does not operate on a sterile basis.
18
Waste water contains organic an inorganic substances and and the layer forming on the
surface of membrane, cover the surface of the membrane and lead to fouling, blocking of
the membrane hence, reduces the performance of the filtration.
MEMBRANE FOULING TYPES
membrane fouling
reversible, irreversible
sludge
accummulationfouling scaling biofouling
particulate and
colloidal
components
dissolved
components
micro-
organism
organic inorganic
activated sludge
microfoulingmacrofouling
19
Anti fouling Strategies – Back Wash
20
5. CEREMIC FLAT MEMBRANES (CFM®)
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
Ceramic Flat Membrane (CFM®) Plates
Asymmetric Membrane
Yapısı
Membrane Surface
Membrane Surface
Active Filter Layer
Membrane Body
21
MEMBRANE OPERATING RANGE
Ceramic Flat Membrane (CFM Systems®)
22
CFM Systems® combines the advantages of an asymmetric inorganic filter and submerged
flat membrane filtration. The advanced design enables an unprecedentedly technical and
economical water treatment in different field of applications.
• Extremely robust filtration material with resistance to high temperatures and
chemicals.
• High filtered water quality – Specific definition of nano-coated filter active layer leads
to a targeted removal suspended solids and other focused compounds.
• Highest flux rates and cleaning options due to asymmetric membrane design with filter
active later on the outside.
CFM Systems® is submerged in a filtration tank and connected to a suction pump. The feed
water (raw water) is passing the membrane from out-to-in during filtration process.
Suspended solids and other compounds are collected on the membrane outside and the
filtered water is passing through the membrane body to the filtered channels.
With ItN Nanovation’s Nano-Coated Layer technology a stick cake layer charecterstic can be
avoided which leads to a very easy removal. Within seconds a comprehensive water film is
MEMBRANE CLASIFICATIONS
23
generated between Nano-Coated Layer and un-sticky cake layer and the backwash water
totally pushes off the formation from the membrane.
ItN Nanovation’s ceramic membrane technology and process know-how covers a wide
range of filtration application with specific treatment and removal targets as per customer
requirements.
CFM Systems® has been successfully implemented in Drinking Water and Sewerage
applications. CFM Systems® filtration technology, in particular to iron, manganese and
carcinogenic substances like Radium removal, is combined with chemical pre-treatment
processes for drinking water applications. It is the most suitable solution for the dry regions
where underground water is the only source. The process combination is operating since
2010 in large-scale plants.
CFM® Ceramic Flat Membrane Applications
24
CFM® CERAMIC MEMBRANES APPLICATION AREAS
Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plants
Industrial Waste Water Treatment Plant Applications
Landfill Leachate Water Treatment Plants
Drinking Water Treatment Plants
MBR / MBBR Package Treatment Systems
CFM® CERAMIC MEMBRANE’S FLUX VALUE(S)
Highest flux rates performed as:
Municipal Waste Water (MBR plants) > 30 – 35 L / m² / hour
Surface Water > up to 50 L / m² / hour
Hot Deep Ground Water (Aquifer) > up to 400 L / m² / hour
Low specific Energy Consumption: > approx. 0,2 KWh / m³ permeate
25
ADVANTAGES OF CFM® - CERAMIC FLAT MEMBRANS
Ceramic makes the difference !
Exteremely robust filtration material
High effluent quality – free of suspended solids
Extreme stable against mechanical and thermal impacts / resistance to high
temperatures
High resistance against chemicals and aggressive media
Preservation of the surface structure for varying pressure effects of the feed
8 YEAR WARRANTY!
Easy-to-clean due to out-to-in-filtration
Membarane surface is coated with nano naterial. Means an absolute equal
filtration surface, enabling easier cleaning during operation.
Easy to clean during operation caused by this coated surface. NO stop of
operation required.
Less Chemicals to be used for cleaning
The CFM Membrane can be used to separate Iron and Manganese from
Drinking Water. (NO Polymer Membrane can do)
CFM® membranes create barrier for bacteria, viruses and medical residues
thus ensures higenization of the treated water.
Ensures direct reuse of wastewater for irrigation, etc., without any kind of
additional disinfection.
Easy operation features with advantages of MBR and MBBR processes
Low operation cost
26
CFM® CERAMIC MEMBRANE PLATE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Ceramic Flat Membrane (CFM®) Plates
27
CFM® CERAMIC MEMBRANE FILTRATION MODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Ceramic Flat Membrane (CFM®) Filtration Module
28
CFM® CERAMIC MEMBRANE FILTRATION UNIT TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Ceramic Flat Membrane (CFM®) Filtration Units / Towers
Ceramic Flat Membrane
Filtration Module Filtration Units / Towers
29
CFM® CERAMIC MEMBRANE FILTRATION FRAME TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CeramiC Flat Membrane (CFM®) Filtration Frame
Stainless Steel Frame
Filtration
Module
30
CFM® CERAMIC MEMBRANE FILTRATION CONNECTABLE UNIT TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Ceramic Flat Membrane (CFM®) Filtration Connectable Unit
31
COMPARISSON OF MEMBRANE FLUX RATES
According to the results of an article published on April 2010 by Fedaral Ministry of
Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management of Austria, a study is conducted
to compare long term performance of 3 different membranes.
The goal of the study was analysis of long-term cleaning capacity of MBR plants relating to
sanitary parameters and comparsion of different membrane filtration modules.
After 11 months of operational trial of Ultra L1 (MIRCODYN NADIR) and Micro L2 (ItN
NANOVATION), due to high MLSS content and unadequate air for cross-flow, heavy blocking
of UF module is observed, leading to flaking of membrane surface and strong deformation
of plates which results microbiological contamination of the permeate water. On the other
hand, only partial slight blocking is seen on ceramic membranes and no deteoriation is
observed on the effluent water including the microbiological parameters.
32
Manufacturer Name Pore
Size
[nm]
Surfac
e
*m²+
Max. TMP (trans
membrane
pressure) [bar]
Flux
*L/m²h+
MICORDYN NADIR Ultra L1 40 10 -0,4 12 - 20
KUBOTA Micro
L1
400 4,8 -0,2 20
ItN NANOVATION Micro
L2
200 4 -0,7 15 - 40
30 (const)
Micro L2 (ItN NANOVATION) 30 L/ m²h constant operation in comparsion with Micro L1
(KUBOTA) of 20 L L/ m²h and in comparison with Ultra L1 (MICRODYN NADIR) highest flux
rate is observed by ItN’s CFM® ceramic membranes.
16 Months Performance and Flux Values
33
6. PACKAGE TREATMENT SYSTEMS
MBBR – PACKAGE WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
34
35
Comparsion of central solutions and de-centralized local solutions for small
establishments:
100 – 5000 polulation equivalent establishments, camps, hotels, wastewater
treatment plants for geographically limited places
Direct re-use capability with combination of ceramic membranes and MBBR
processes
Plug and play compact design
36
PACKAGE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Performance and Technical Data
37
CRO – CERAMIC RO PACKAGE DRINKING WATER YSTEM
Package system for 1,000 PE
Fully automated with remote access
No attendance by qualified personnel required
Monitored high water quality including radium
Modular solutions for town and villages
High realibility, quality and low energy consumption
CRO Container
38
7. DESIGN AND APPLICATION REFERENCES
MBR APLICATION WITH CFM® CERAMIC MEMBRANE: PETERBERG WASTE
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
Thaleischweiler-Froeschen, Germany
1400 Population Equivalent
Capacity:
Dry weather (min. flow) : 150 m³/day
Average flow : 500 m³/day
Rain weather : 1.344 m³/day
Storm condition : 1000 m³/h
Targets for design and application: handling variation on inlet, minimizing enegy
consumption and reduction on human resources for operation.
39
Petersberg WWTP - MBR Design
Biological DesignNo. OfBasins Length Width Depth Volume O2-Conc.
m m m m³ mg/l
Nitrification 1 5,8 3,3 5,5 105,27 1,5
Denitrification 1 5,8 1,6 5,5 51,04 0,05
Aerated Membrane Train 4 6,25 1,225 3,2 98 6
Plan
Section
Machinery Room
Plan
40
Parameter Unit Raw Water
(max. value)
Filtered Water
(avg. value)
Max.
legal value
Kapasite m³/d 1,344
COD Ppm 816 15 80
BOD Ppm 550 < 2 20
NH4-N Ppm 74 0.05
N-Inorganic Ppm 75 13 20
P-Total Ppm 14 2 2
Total Bacterial
Counts CFU/ml
Matching excellent levels of EU bathing water
regulation for direct discharge into sensitive inland
water.
Power
Consumption kWh/m³
0.6 (peak storm water case)
1.0 (dry weather case)
INFLOW OUTFLOW
Unit min max average min max average LIMITAverageRemoval
Capacity m³/d 100 1344 500
COD mg/l 130 816 419 2,9 24,1 15 80 95,7%
BOD5 mg/l 70 550 260 0 0 0 20 100,0%
NH4-N mg/l 4,6 74 29 0,01 0,19 0,05 - 99,7%
N-Inorganic mg/l 6,18 75,4 30 3,6 18 13 20 55,0%
P-Total mg/l 2,7 14 7 1 3 2 2 67,8%
41
MBBR PILOT APPLICATION WITH CFM® CERAMIC MEMBRANES: ATAKÖY
WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT
İSKİ (Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration) – Ataköy Advanced Biological Waste
Water Treatment Plant
Capacity : 45 m³/day
Unit : MBBR Ceramic Membrane Package Treatment
Targets for design and application for the pilot study: resistance on fluctuating inlet loads,
treatment of water in reuse quality, testing of ceramic membrane operation.
42
19.12.2013-26.02.2014 Data
Parameter Unit Inlet Water
(average)
Filtered Outlet Water
(average)
Max.
legal limit
Capacity m³/day 45 - -
COD mg/l 650 37 125
BOD mg/l 394 3.9 25
NH4-N mg/l 45 9.74 -
TSS mg/l 412 4.6 35
EFFLUENT WATER SAMPLE
Re
mo
val %
43
MBBR APLICATION WITH CFM® CERAMIC MEMBRANE: RED SEA GATE
Red Sea Gate Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
MBBR application equipped with CFM® ceramic membrane systems
Capacity : 150 m³/day (1st phase)
: 300 m³/day (2nd phase)
Targets for design and application: biological treatment of municipal waste water, filtration
of biologically treated sewerage by ceramic and discharge of filtred water into Red Sea (Sea
Port Area)
First phase is commissioned on 2011 and under operation regularly without any major
maintenance intervention or replacement of ceramic membranes.
Parameter Unit Raw
Water CFM Systems®
COD ppm 500 < 50
BOD ppm 250 < 10
TSS ppm 200 approx. 0.0
CIP Chemical Cleaning
After 12 months with NaOCl and citric acid
Membrane Replacement
ZERO replacement since start of operation
44
REPLACEMENT OF SAND FILTERS WITH CERAMIC MEMBRANES ON A
DRINKING WATER APPLICATION
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Capacity:
20.000 m³/day (for one retrofitted sand filters)
122.400 m³/day (for all retrofitted sand filters)
Targets for design and application: removal of iron and micro organisms, improvement of
filtered water quality, improvement of recovery rate, and expansion of plant capacity by
using sand filter civil works structure only
The existing plant design enables an operation of pre-treatment steps with and without
softener system. Due to very high softener consumptions, the client has already eliminated
the softener step, which led to tremendous OPEX savings. On the other hand, the complete
Fe concentration needs to be directly filtered through the sand filters without pre-removal
as a result of the missing softener step. A reduced hydraulic flow and more frequent and
longer backwash requirements led to a significantly reduced plant capacity as well as
reduced recovery rates. In addition, the filtered water quality of sand filters operating
without softener system is not satisfying. During Fe peak concentrations the filtered water
characteristics exceed RO feed specifications leading to Fe fouling and thus frequent
chemical cleaning.
Particularly the reduced plant capacity and increased water losses were the main reasons for
the client to investigate new technologies. During a piloting period of 6 months ItN
Nanovation has proven the outstanding performance of CFM Systems® to the Client. The
quality of filtered water was raised to excellent levels; the recovery rate has been
maximized. The retrofit design leads to a maximum plant capacity option. The existing two
45
basins design with gravity sand filter and a capacity of 400 m/hr can be increased to up to
850 m³/hr by implementation of CFM Systems®.
PERFORMANCE RESULTS
Parameter Unit Raw
Water
Softener & Sand
Filter
(as designed)
Sand Filter without
Softener
(as currently operated)
CFM Systems®
(based on piloting
results)
Capacity % 100 70 212
Iron ppm 1.3 < 0.02 0.04–0.15 0.011 (avg)
Total
Bacterial
Counts
CFU/ml Over
account
NA NA 20 (NSF test average
Log-Removal at 4.3)
Turbidity NTU 3.1–7.1 < 0.20 0.2–0.4 0.12 (avg)
SDI < 2 2–4 0.37 (avg)
Recovery
Rate
% 96 (including
backwash waste
recovery system)
94 (including backwash
waste recovery system)
99.6 (without backwash
waste recovery system)
Power
Consumption
kWhr/m³ 0.040 0.060 0.106
USD/m³ 0.0030 0.0040 0.0073
Complete
Pre-
Treatment
Chemical
Consumption
USD/m³ 0.0840 0.0020 0.0125 (includes CFM
CIP chemical cleaning)
Total
considered
OPEX
USD/m³ 0.0870 0.0060 0.0198
% 100.0 6.9 22.8
RO
Operation
Due to efficient pre-
treatment and
excellent RO feed
stable operation as
designed
Limited removal of Fe
leads to increased risks
for fouling and frequent
chemical cleaning
requirements
Retrofitted pre-
treatment leads to
excellent RO feed
quality and stable
operation with minimum
cleaning requirements
46
At the dringing water treatment plant sand filters were being used before Reverse Osmosis
(RO) as a pre-treatment. Due to continuous problems and increasing operation costs, by
utilizing the civil construction of the sand filters, sand filters are replaced with CFM® ceramic
membranes by ItN and increase on RO efficiency as well as improvement on effluent water
quality and savings on operational costs are achieved.
47
POLYMER MEMBRANE REPLACEMENT WITH CFM® CERAMIC MEMBRANE ON
GROUNDWATER DRINKING WATER APPLICATION
Buraydah, Qassim – Saudi Arabia
Capacity: Total 42.000 m³/day
14.000 m³/day (replacement of first train)
28.000 m³/day (replacement of polymer membranes with ceramic membranes for the
additional 2 trains)
Targets for design and application: removal of iron, manganese and radium, improvement
of filtered water quality, improvement of recovery rate
Existing plant was using polymer membranes for pre-filtration before RO system.
Considering frequent blockage of the polymer membranes, interption on operation due to
maintenance and reapirs and cost of frequent memebrane replacements, after conducting
test runs, as a consequence polymer membranes are replaced with CFM® flat sheet ceramic
membranes.
Thanks to the improved quality of water filtered by CFM Systems® all subsequent process
steps, e.g. cartridge filters and reverse osmosis membranes are operating under very stable
conditions. Replacement and chemical cleaning intervals have been extended, resulting
in additional and significant OPEX savings. After blending, the total radium concentration is
now permanently less than 5.0 pCi/L.
In addition, annual water savings of about 800,000 m³ have been generated by the increased
recovery rate of CFM Systems®. The existing backwash waste recovery systems have been
put out of operation, simplyfying the plant's operation to a great extent.
48
PERFORMANCE RESULTS
Parameter Unit Raw
Water
Existing Polymer UF CFM Systems
Iron ppm 1.4–4.0 0.02–0.05 < 0.02
Manganese + HMO
Manganese
ppm 0.3–2.9 0.03–0.05 < 0.02
Radium Total pCi/L 70.0 49.0
(only 30% removal due
to limitations for HMO
dosage)
< 10.0
(up to 86% due to targeted
HMO dosage)
Turbidity NTU 2.15 0.2–0.3 0.15 (avg)
SDI 2–3 0.28 (avg)
Recovery Rate % 85–88 99
Membrane
Replacement
USD/m³ 0.125
(after 6–9 months)
0.000
ZERO replacement since
start of operation
Power Consumption kWhr/m³ 0.120 0.106
USD/m³ 0.0083 0.0073
CIP Chemical
Consumption
USD/m³ 0.0030 0.0001
Total OPEX
USD/m³ 0.1363 0.0074
USD/year 2.089 Mio 0.113 Mio
% 100.0 5.4
49
Exchange of Polymer
Membranes with CFM®
Ceramic Flat Membrane
50
NOTES:
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TEKNİK DEBİ
ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION AND TRADE LIMITED COMPANY
NİSPETİYE MAH. PEKER SOKAK, TUĞ APT. NO:9/3 LEVENT, BEŞİKTAŞ, 34340 İSTANBUL
TEL: +90 212-284-4900 / FAX: +90 212-284-4902
www.teknikdebi.com / [email protected]
