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Advances in DRFM technology during the past decade and its importance as part of an EW suite
Klasie Olivier
Principal Systems Engineer
Experimental EW Systems
Email: [email protected]
Aardvark Roost AOC Conference
CSIR, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA
14 September 2011
Page 2 14 September 2011
© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
Scope of Presentation
• DRFM Technology Introduction
• Looking back over the Past Decade
• Modern DRFM Architecture
• Advanced Capabilities of Modern DRFM’s
• EW Applications that gain from DRFM’s
• Conclusion
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Why DRFMs ?
• Test and Evaluation of Radar’s operational capability
• Test and Evaluation of Radar’s Electronic Protection Capabilities (ECCM’s)
• Training of Radar Operators
• Test and Evaluation of digital communication systems
• Operational use on platforms to fulfil Electronic Attack (ECM’s)
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DRFM Based System Architecture
DRFM
RF in RF out
X A/D Memory D/A X
Control
Doppler
Modulator
LO
X X
System LO
DRFM Kernel
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Radar Principles
• Fundamental characteristics of modern radar • Detecting presence of a target
• Detecting movement of a target
State of the Art – Pulse Compression
State of the Art – Doppler Processing
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Radar – Pulse Compression
• Animated Radar Pulse Compressor Output
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© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
Capture & Simulate Radar RF Returns
• What is required? • Receive and repeat the transmitted waveform
• Repeat the exact Tx waveform
• Repeated signal must be coherent, i.e the retransmit phase relative to the
incoming phase must be a constant for all transmitted waveforms as a function
of time
• Apply basic required modulations • Time delay => Range
• Phase modulation => Doppler shift
• Amplitude modulation => Range and RCS
• EA techniques • False Targets
• Communications Jamming
• Synthetic transmitted waveforms
• Generate programmable noise waveforms
• R/VGPO
• …
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© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
Moving from 2nd to 3rd Generation
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© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
Modern DRFM Based System Architecture
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DR
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tory
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© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
Modern DRFM Based System Architecture
DRFM
RF in RF out
X A/D Memory D/A X
Control
Doppler
Modulator
LO
X X
System LO
DRFM Kernel
FPGA
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DR
FM
His
tory
14 September 2011
© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
Modern DRFM Based System Architecture
DRFM
RF in RF out
X A/D Memory D/A X
Control
Doppler
Modulator
LO
X X
System LO
DRFM Kernel
FPGA
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FM
His
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© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
Modern DRFM Based System Architecture
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DR
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© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
Key DRFM Performance Parameters
Performance Description
Performance Specifications
2nd Generation ’99 – ‘03
3rd Generation ’04 – ‘06
4th Generation ’07- ‘11
5th Generation ’12 – ‘16
Sampling Rate 1 GSPS 1.2 GSPS 2 GSPS 5 GSPS
Resolution 8 bits 10 bits ADC = 10 bits DAC = 12 bits
ADC = 10 bits DAC = 12 bits
IBW 400 MHz 500 MHz 800 MHz 2000 MHz
Range Delay Resolution
16 ns (2.4 m) 13.3 ns/3.3 ns (2 m)/(0.5 m)
0.5 ns (75 mm) 0.2 ns (30 mm)
Memory Depth 1 ms 1.7 ms 8.3 ms 3 ms
SFDR 30 dBc 36 dBc 45 dBc > 45 dBc
DIFM No No Yes Yes
Digital EQ for flatness
No No Yes Yes
Arbitrary Modulation
No No Yes Yes
Range Update Phase Correction
No No Yes Yes
Typical Latency 120 – 250 ns 120 – 250 ns 70 – 280 ns From < 70 ns
Carrier Modulation Range
100 MHz 20 MHz 800 MHz 2000 MHz
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© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
DRFM Advanced Capabilities Multi-Scatterer
• Simulation of range extended targets
• Simulation of RBM and JEM
• Simulation of RCS with varying aspect angle
• Up to 12 scatterers per DRFM channel
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DRFM Advanced Capabilities Multi-Scatterer - RBM
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© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
DRFM Advanced Capabilities Multi-Scatterer
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© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
DRFM Advanced Capabilities Range Update Phase Correction
• Doppler is observed due to change in range
• DRFM implements both range updates as well as Doppler modulation by mixing of a Doppler signal
• Phase jump at range update
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© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
DRFM Advanced Capabilities Range Update Phase Correction
• Ideal target
• Typical DRFM-generated target
• DRFM-generated target with range update in radar CPI
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© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
EW Applications of DRFM Technology
• Electronic Protection of platforms
• Wideband Digital Receivers
• Digital IFM’s
• Cross-Eye Jamming
• Digital Communication System Jamming
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Conclusion
• Same hardware can be reused for different applications
• DRFM’s can perform all common types of jamming techniques that typical previous generation jammers can do and more
• DRFM technology eases system calibration
• Complexity is moving towards embedded software
• Modern DRFM architecture lends itself to wideband realtime DSP for RBM, JEM and multi-scatterer
• Traditionally DRFM’s support conventional warfare strongly
• This generic and highly programmable platform is well suited for supporting potential future irregular threats
THE END
The End
