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1 | PEI BOTSWANA ADVOCACY AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY

ADVOCACY AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY FOR POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE BOTSWANA

Methaetsile LeepileMIMS Consulting June 2010 Gaborone, BOTSWANA


ADVOCACY & COMMUNICATION STRATEGY FOR PEI BOTSWANA

JUNE 2010© Botswana Government

ConsultantMethaetsile LeepileMIMS Consulting


ABBREVIATIONS, TABLES & CHARTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

PART I: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.2 OVERVIEW OF POVERTY ENVIRONMENT & CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES IN BOTSWANA

1.2. THE POVERTY ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE

1.3 CURRENT GOB COMMUNICATION SITUATION AND PEI

1.3.1 CURRENT GOB COMMUNICATION SITUATION

1.3.2 WHY COMMUNICATE PEI?

PART II: THE PEI BOTSWANA ADVOCACY AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY

2.1 COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES FOR PEI BOTSWANA

2.2 ELEMENTS OF THE STRATEGY

2.3 ANALYSIS OF STAKEHOLDERS AND CHAMPIONS

2.2.1 STAKEHOLDERS

2.2.1.1 POLICY AND DECISION MAKERS

2.2.1.2 PRIVATE SECTOR

2.2.1.3 NON-STATE STAKEHOLDERS

2.2.1.4 DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS

2.2.2 CHAMPIONS

2.3 ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED BY THE ADVOCACY AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY

2.3.1 COMMUNICATION INTERVENTIONS TO BE USED BY

PEI BOTSWANA IN TARGETING STAKEHOLDERS

2.3.2 LINKING ACTIVITIES TO THE PLAN OBJECTIVES TO ACHIEV THE DESIRED OUTCOMES

2.4. ACTION PLAN FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION AND TIMELINES FOR DELIVERING OUTPUTS

2.4.1 DEVELOPING IEC MATERIALS TARGETING POLICY AND DECISION MAKERS

2.4.2 PROMOTING PUBLIC DEBATES TARGETING ALL STAKEHOLDERS

2.4.3 ENGAGING MEDIA THROUGH TRAINING TO INCREASE THEIR KNOWLEDGE

AND REPORTING OF ISSUES

2.4.4 CAPACITY BUILDING OF CIVIL SOCIETY

2.4.5 PRE CONDITIONS FOR ENTERING INTO PARTNERSHIPS AGREEMENTS

AND DISBURSING FUNDS

2.4.6 PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION

2.4.7 TIMING OF IMPLEMENTATION

2.5 BUDGETING AND TIME FRAMES

2.6 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

PART III: IMPLEMENTATION MATRICES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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GLOSSARY

BALA Botswana Association of local Government Authorities

BAH Botswana Agricultural Hub

BATLA Botswana Association of Traditional Leaders

BIDPA Botswana Institute of Development and Policy Analysis

BIH Botswana Innovation Hub

BEMA Botswana Exporters and Manufacturers Association

BGCIS Botswana Government Communication Information Office

BMC Botswana Meat Commission

BCPA Botswana Cattle Producers Association

BPC Botswana Power Corporation

BORAVAST Bokspits, Rappelspan, Vaalhoek, and Struizzendam Trust

BPC Botswana Power Corporation

BWMA Botswana Wildlife Management Association

BOTEC Botswana Technology Centre

Btv Botswana Television

CBNRM Community Based Natural Resource Management

CBO Community Based Organisation

CC Climate Change

CEDA Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency

CITES Convention on International Trade on Endangered Species

CSO Central Statistics Office

DAP Department of Animal Production

DAR Department of Agricultural Research

DCP Department of Crop Production

DEA Department of Environmental Affairs

DES Department of Extension Services

DFRR Department of Forestry and Range Reserves

DIA Department of Industrial Affairs

DIS Department of information Services

DMS Department of Meteorological Services

DOL Department of Lands

DOT Department of Tourism

DTRP Department of Town and Regional Planning

DVS Department of Veterinary Services

DWNPC Department of Waste Management and Pollution Control

EAD Energy Affairs Division

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EU European Union

GLOSSARY, TABLES & CHARTS


GEF Global Environmental Facility

GOB Government of Botswana

GSO Government Strategy Office

HLCC High Level Consultative Council

IEC Information Education and Communication

IKS Indigenous Knowledge Systems

IPA International Parliamentary Association

ISPAAD Integrated Support Programme for Arable Agriculture Development

LIMID Livestock Management Infrastructure Development Programme

MDGs Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations

MEWT Ministry of Environment, Water and Tourism

MFDP Ministry of Finance and Development Planning

MISA Media Institute of Southern Africa

MOA Ministry of Agriculture

MOFAIC Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation

MTI Ministry of Trade and Industry

MPIC Ministry Performance Improvement Committee

MMEWR Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water Resources

MSCPRFS Multi-Sectoral Committee on Poverty Reduction & Food Security

NAMPAADD National Master Plan for Arable Agriculture and Dairy Development

NCS National Conservation Strategy

NDMO National Disaster Management Office

NDP10 National Development Plan 10

NPAD National Policy on Agricultural Development

NGO Non Governmental Organisations

NyD Ntlo ya Dikgosi

NSPR National Strategy for Poverty Reduction

NSSD National Strategy for Sustainable Development

OP Office of the President

PEI Poverty and Environment Initiative

PICFORCE Consultative Forum for Permanent Secretaries

PRO Public Relations Officer

RE Botswana Rural Energy Botswana Project

RIIC Rural Industries Promotions

SADC PF Southern African Development Community Parliamentary Forum

TLGP Tribal Land Grazing Policy

UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Fund

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme

UNPOP United Nations Programmes Operational Plan


CHARTS PageChart 1: Logical Framework Matrix for the Delivery of PEI Objectives 27Chart 2: GHANNT Chart and Budget for implementation of the Action Plan 41

TABLES Table 1 Communication and the National Vision 43Table 2 Engagement strategies targeting policy and decision makers 44Table 3 Engagement strategies targeting the private sector stakeholders 45Table 4 Engagement strategies targeting development partners 46Table 5 Engagement strategies targeting non state actors 47Table 6 Key PEI stakeholders and messages with respect to biodiversity 48 conservation sustainable utilisation of resourcesTable 7 Key PEI stakeholders and messages with respect to changing climatic 50 and weather conditions Table 8 Key PEI stakeholders & messages with respect to energy 52 resources managementTable 9 Key PEI stakeholders and messages with respect to land 53 and rangeland managementTable 10 Key PEI stakeholders and messages with respect to pollution and waste 55 management control Table 11 Key PEI stakeholders and messages with respect to water 56 resource managementTable 12 Monitoring and Evaluation Matrices 59 APPENDICES AND REFERENCESA. APPENDICES 1. Terms of reference for the development of the PEI Botswana advocacy 63 and communication strategy2. Profiles of non-state stakeholders relevant to PEI Botswana 663. Profiles of potential PEI Botswana champions 684. List of agreements, protocols, laws, policies and regulations, signed 71 or enacted by the GOB with linkages to PE and CC issues5. List of persons interviewed and contact information 73

B. SOURCES OF INFORMATION1. Published sources 752. Unpublished sources 753. Electronic sources 75


This report was prepared for the Poverty Environment Initiative Botswana (PEI Botswana), a joint project of the

Botswana Government and the United Nations Development Programme, in association with the Nairobi-based

UNEP PEI Africa programme. It was prepared by Methaetsile Leepile of MIMS Consulting, assisted by Ditsotlhe

Ketlogetswe and Ditso Lopang Leepile (research assistants). Special thanks go to Dr Sebusang E.M. Sebusang

for commenting on the earlier draft, Environmentalist Dr Elisha N. Toteng for providing insights into PE and CC

issues and editing the document and Modirwa Kekwaletswe for the cover photograph, laying out and designing

the document.

The consultancy was directed by a Reference Group of people drawn from various Government of Botswana

departments and their partners, the UNDP Office in Botswana and the PEI Africa Office in Kenya. We wish to

extend our appreciation to Dr Angela Lusigi of PEI Africa for critiquing the strategy document during its formative

stages. The full list of Reference Group members and their organisations and those of interviewees, are annexed

hereto.

Acknowledgements


INTRODUCTION

a. Project Rationale

This report was commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Office in Gaborone, the Botswana Government (GOB) and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) Africa Office in Nairobi. The principal aim of the project is to promote knowledge and awareness of poverty environment (PE) and climate change (CC) linkages by policy and decision makers, civil society and the media. The Poverty and Environment Initiative (PEI) Botswana will aim to support a wider debate and dialogue on such links, in order to influence discussions regarding policies, plans and budgets, on the role that environmental and climate issues could play in reducing poverty.

The terms of reference (TOR) for the project were-:

(i) (i) to develop an advocacy an communication strategy whose objectives are aligned to the PEI Botswana programme; (ii) to identify stakeholders and their perceptions and come up with ways of influencing them;(iii) to develop messages targeting stakeholders;(iv) to list the themes for social debates and make recommendations on how PEI could engage in these debates; (v) to identify tools and activities for communicating messages; (vi) to develop an action plan, indicating roles and responsibilities, timelines and possible partners linked to the achievements of the key results.

The full text of the TOR is attached (Appendix A1).

The PEI Botswana project is part of a series of interventions being undertaken by the UN agencies to support mainstreaming of poverty environment and climate change issues in development in Africa and Asia between 2010 and 2015. PEI seeks to enhance the contribution that sustainable management of environmental and natural resources makes towards poverty reduction, sustainable economic growth, food security, and broader achievement of NDP10 and the UN Millennium Development Goal (MDGs).

During that period, a number of activities and for which a range of process methodologies and tools have been prescribed, will be applied. One of these is the development of an advocacy and communication strategy that promotes knowledge and raise awareness of poverty, environment, and climate change issues.

PEI Botswana’s main focus, which is to integrate environmentally sustainable natural resource use into national and sectoral development processes, has everything to do with the national development agenda - as spelled out in the above policy platforms. It should inculcate knowledge and environmental education in its communication processes with a view to informing all stakeholders about the importance of preserving environmental resources for future generations.

An advocacy and communication strategy identifies stakeholders that have a vested interest in a particular issue. The foregoing PEI Botswana strategy articulates the concerns of key stakeholders in sectors which are critical to environmental mainstreaming in and outside Government. It outlines the messages and the channels through which such messages could be communicated, as well as the activities and the likely costs of implementing such activities.

b. Methodology and Approach A participatory workshop of key stakeholders was held in December 2009 in Gaborone. The workshop was facilitated by LEAD International, a UK - based PEI Africa partner organisation which focuses on training and networking on global issues relating to sustainable development. A desk study, random and structured questionnaires administered face-to-face, through e-mail and fax - were conducted by the Consultant responsible for the development of the strategy document to provide additional input to the research project.

c. Timing Implementation of the PEI advocacy and communication strategy will be carried out between 2010 and 2015, to align it to the UN Development


Assistance Programme (UNDAF). However, the Action Plan around which the communication strategy is based, addresses the first Phase.

d. Structure of the Report

The Report is presented in three parts. Part I outlines the institutional context of PEI Botswana and the policy framework under which the project will operate. It surveys the current communications environment within the GOB and its likely impact on PEI. It puts up a case for communicating PEI and the anticipated deliverables for the proposed communications plan. Part II maps out the advocacy and communication strategy. It identifies the elements of the strategy and how they can be executed.

Part III contains the implementation matrix. It links the engagement strategies for PEI to the national vision, development plans and policies and the MDGs. It demonstrates the application of

messages to channels of communication and the means of verification, as well as the partners to the communication interventions. The last part, Part IV is the Appendices.

e. Limitations The time available for conducting the research was limited. Travel was also limited to Gaborone because of resource constraints. The study would have benefited from the use of other tools such as focus groups. Most questionnaires sent by e-mail or fax were not answered despite persistent reminders. This caused delays in the production of the report as the Consultant was obliged to carry out more face to face interviews than initially planned for. Despite these limitations, the assignment generally went well. The resultant strategy document should assist PEI Botswana to impart knowledge and create awareness of poverty environment and climate issues.


Environmental degradation (including soil erosion and bush encroachment), water scarcity, depletion of mineral resources, wood resources, water resources and air pollution, and the country’s vulnerability to the impacts of climate change – are some of the key issues that Botswana is facing with respect to natural resource management today. Some of the major problems were identified in the 1990 natural resource conservation strategy for Botswana

The Botswana national vision, popularly known as Vision 2016, which was launched in 1997, did not explicitly speak to environmental issues because none of the vision pillars deals specifically with that issue. However, during implementation that omission has been recognised and there are efforts to incorporate that aspect. The Vision highlights the need for transparency on governance, and of keeping Batswana informed through all available means if the country’s democracy is to be sustained. It partly resonates with the UN Millennium Goals (MDGs) for sustainable development, which are to be attained by the year 2015. Vision 2016 came before the MDGs were adopted. The latter is more explicit, for instance, with regards to targets on poverty and environment, etc.

Under the National Development Planning (NDP) system, every six years (excepting NDP10 which spans seven years), the Government of Botswana (GOB) prioritises its development agenda. In NDP9 (2003 -2009), the GOB attempted to integrate Vision 2016 goals and objectives in development planning for the first time. Both NDP9 and NDP10 emphasised diversified economic growth to reduce dependence on mining. Sectors that have been targeted are tourism, agriculture and the financial services sector. Financial discipline, poverty alleviation, environmental protection and public sector reforms are considered critical for promoting social equity and sustainable economic growth.

In 2003 the GOB formulated the National Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS), which at the

time of writing this report was under review. The overall strategic focus of the strategy is to provide people with opportunities to lead sustainable livelihoods. This is done through job creation, social safety nets (e.g. Ipelegeng2 and other community welfare programmes) as well as building capacity of the GOB, the private sector and civil society organisations to deliver on poverty reduction.

At Independence in 1966, over 90% of the population of Botswana lived in rural areas, but there has been a shift towards urbanisation, with an estimated 54% of the population (1, 7 million, 2001 census), residing in towns and cities, according to Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES, 2002/3), conducted by Central Statitics Office. This could also be partly due to the fact that many of the hitherto ‘major villages’ have gradually transformed into towns. Income disparities between rural and urban populations are wide. Average household incomes were P3971.00 (U$567.00) in urban areas at the time, compared to P1379.00 (U$197.00) in rural areas, according to the 2002/3 HIES. Poverty stood at 30% in 2002/3 compared to 47% in 1993/95.

Other indicators published by various authorities and cited in the UNDP-UNEP institutional Analysis Report show that:

• ownership of cattle (traditionally the source of wealth for the mainstream population), is now vested in fewer households, 37% in 2003 compared to 50% in 1993 (Centre for Applied Research, CAR, 2006);• some regions of the country are poorer than others: in the rural South-west and North-west regions, the poverty rate is as high as 46% and 53% respectively (HIES, 2002/03); • in 2000, 51% of urban households had access to running water in their homesteads, compared to 9% of rural households who had piped water in their homes • 7% rural households had no access to safe drinking water, while access to electricity in urban areas is as low as 21% (Botswana Millennium Development Goals Report, 2004);

I BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

2 Labour-based self-help projects, formerly called ‘drought relief’.

1.1 Background


• 23% of rural households depend on fuel wood for cooking with the result that cutting of firewood is very high around towns (Central Statistic Office, CSO, 2006); • access to electricity in urban areas is as low as 21%; • Women and youth who are also the least skilled and qualified make up much of the urban unemployed (CSO, 2006).

The poverty reduction strategy recognises that “eradicating poverty” by 2016 will also require constant review and evaluation of poverty indicators. One such reason is that Botswana is prone to frequent drought disasters. Such conditions impact negatively on productivity of the land, food supplies, water shortages for both humans and animals and low levels of nutrition. People from poor households are usually hardest hit by these conditions.

Botswana has enacted many laws and policies that address the environment and poverty. For instance, the National Conservation Strategy (1990) promotes sustainable resources through the effective management of natural resources to stimulate economic development and contribute to poverty reduction through the protection of the country’s natural assets; the National Water Master Plan (1991, revised in 2006), outlines how water should be developed and managed; and, the National Policy on Disaster Management (1996) provides a framework for disaster management and ensures that victims receive timely assistance and achieve rapid and durable recovery. The country subscribes to the United Nations MDGs and is a signatory to many regional and international protocols and agreements that promote sustainable use of resources. (See Appendix A4).

1.2 Overview of Poverty, Environment and Climate Change Issues in Botswana

PE and climate change issues in Botswana have manifested themselves across communities – both urban and rural – and even regionally. The poor, who are mainly rural, depend on the biophysical environment for their livelihoods. But some of these problems manifest themselves in the urban areas too. In brief, there are six major issues that have been identified by the UNDAF. These are agricultural land and rangeland degradation; biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilisation; water resources management pollution, waste

disposal and problems of urbanisation; climate change; and, access to energy. The advocacy and communication Strategy will address the linkages between poverty alleviation and these issues in more detail.

1.2.1 The Poverty and Environment Initiative

The intention of the PEI Programme to contribute to a diversified economy whose growth is rapid, inclusive, and sustainable and generates decent employment opportunities by 2016, the milestone year for the National Vision of Botswana.

PEI is a joint programme between UNDP and UNEP. PEI Botswana is part of a global capacity building initiative pursued by these entities in eight other countries in Africa, namely: Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. PEI is also being implemented in Asia and Latin America. It is planned that PEI Botswana will run in two phases, Phase 1 (2010 -2011) and Phase 2 (2012 - 2015). The year 2015 is the target date for the achievement of the UN MDGs.

PEI Botswana will be fully incorporated into the UNDAF and the United Nations Programme Operational Plan (UNPOP) to support delivery of two UNDAF Outcomes on Economic Diversification and Poverty Reduction and on Environment and Climate Change. This will ensure that PEI activities are in line with existing and agreed frameworks of support and cooperation between the GOB and the UN.

The principal focus of Phase I of the Botswana programme is to enhance the integration of equitable and sustainable development in national and sub-national development planning, from policy making to budgeting, implementation and monitoring. Phase II will consolidate the gains made during the first phase. It shall generally seek to promote an economy whose growth is rapid, inclusive, sustainable and generates decent employment opportunities by 2016. PEI Botswana plans to facilitate the mainstreaming of environmental issues in national, sectoral and district policy making, planning and budgets to support delivery of poverty reduction and economic growth

The PEI is led by the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning (MFDP) and shall work through a steering committee consisting of various Government departments, chaired by the


permanent secretary in the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning (MFDP). It will have a technical committee which will be co-chaired by the MFDP and the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), with representatives from relevant Government implementing agencies and PEI Africa, research institutions, civil society and private sector.

There will be annual work plans and quarterly reports that will identify weaknesses for review and action. The First Phase will target a number of key GOB ministries, including the Office of the President (OP), the MFDP and the Ministry of Environment Wildlife and Tourism (MEWT). Overall supervision of the programme will be vested in the PEI regional office in Nairobi, Kenya.

PEI Botswana will be results focused and shall deliver on the following outputs:

Output 1: Economic evidence of the impacts and costs and benefits of both environmental degradation and climate change generated and disseminated.

Output 2: National capacity to integrate and coordinate PE issues in national, sector and district level policies, plans, budgets and monitoring systems increased.

Output 3: Knowledge and awareness of PE (poverty environment) and CC (climate change) linkages by policy and decision-makers, civil society, the private sector and the media increased.

Output 4: Poverty and environment issues integrated in key over-arching national development frameworks such as NDP10.

Output 5: Application of integrated (economic, social and environment) approaches, tools, methodologies and assessments enhanced.

The development of a comprehensive advocacy and communication strategy, which is instrumental to the attainment of Output 3 above, is one of the projects that have been commissioned by PEI Botswana to commence at the beginning of the First Phase.

Details on the UNDP-UNEP PEI plans may be obtained on the PEI website at http//www.unpei.org.

1.3 Current GOB Communications Situation and PEI

1.3.1 Current GOB Communications Situation The intention of the proposed PEI Advocacy and Communication Strategy is to hasten implementation of the PEI Botswana project through the dissemination of knowledge and information, and to generally raise the level of awareness among Batswana to understand poverty, environment and climate change issues. This will be done through publicity, training and awareness raising initiatives amongst targeted stakeholders.

The current communications situation is not conducive to the smooth implementation of PEI. Within the GOB, there is a divergence of views as to how communication should be structured or managed. On the one hand, there is a perception that unless there is a significant change in attitude within Government enclave towards ensuring access to public information (with respect to PEI and CC in this case), no significant community participation would be achieved by the current initiative. Government may not, it has been argued, slectively decide on which type of information it needs to empower the general populace whilst holding out on some. On the other hand, there are those who feel that notwithstanding the slow pace at which things move in Government because of the need to consult and adhere to procedure, the ongoing restructuring processes within the Government will eventually bear fruit.

In the recent past, information was managed by the Minister responsible for the GOB’s communications infrastructure. But the Ministry of Communication Science and Technology (MCST) has since 2009 been replaced by that of Transport and Communication. All GOB information infrastructures, including the departments of information and broadcasting, have been transferred to the OP. Information is being coordinated through a directorate called the Botswana Government Communication Information System (BGCIS).

BGCIS was established by a Presidential Directive in 2006 with the objective of improving communication flow within the GOB system. It is envisaged that when fully operational, the BGCIS will operate like a network that coordinates communication structures in ministries and departments. It already has a policy research unit that oversees communication and media research


and in-service training. It is also responsible for capacity building of the Department of Information Services (DIS). Other than being a service organisation, BGCIS is responsible for media monitoring and relationship building, coordination of information within the GOB, establishment of media clusters for the new ‘hubs’, international relations, and media marketing.

Since its establishment about three years ago, the BGCIS has facilitated the establishment of public relations offices throughout the government system. These operate independently from the BGCIS, but their leadership meets regularly with the BGIS director to discuss issues to consult and update each other on communication processes in Government.

The BGCIS meets regularly with the heads of GOB PR divisions where recommendations are made to the BGCIS for transmission to the heads of ministries. The heads of public relations in the GOB are middle level officers, operating three levels from the position of a director. In terms of the General Orders they may not publish anything unless it had been cleared with the Permanent Secretary (the chief executive of each ministry). There is a perception among PR heads that permanent secretaries could do more to advance the work of the Service.

All in all, communication as a function of development is an evolving genre. Some departments or organs have yet to set up functional communication structures, whilst in others, coordination of communication and public relations work is lagging behind.

The GOB communication system needs reinforcement. It was reported that the majority of departments are not sufficiently resourced in terms of manpower and essential communication equipment. Induction and training of the communication officers is another area of concern. Very few GOB departments have communication plans to enable them to carry out their work in a strategic manner.

Those which have them, lack implementation capacity. In addition, there is a perception that ministries tend to formulate their strategies as “islands unto themselves”, when what they should be doing is to evolve towards integrated Government in terms of service delivery as well as

communications. However, at the time of writing, the Public Service Reforms Unit (PSRU) recently started conducting customer satisfaction surveys across Government, a development which should address stakeholders’ concerns and help establish performance benchmarks.

Those which have such plans in place, lack capacity to implement them. In addition, there is a perception that ministries tend to formulate their strategies as “islands unto themselves”, when what they should be doing is to evolve towards integrated Government in terms of service delivery as well as communications. Ministries have yet to commission employee and customer satisfaction studies that could assist gauge the level of stakeholder perceptions of their delivery and help establish performance benchmarks. However, the Public Service Reforms Unit (PSRU) had recently started conducting customer satisfaction surveys across Government.

Communication between the GOB and parties outside the system takes many forms. Organised business, labour and civil society contribute to policy development through various forums such as the High Level Consultative Council (HLCC), the Rural Development Council (RDC), the Multi Sectoral Committee on Poverty Reduction (MSCPR), among others. Parliament and the Ntlo ya Dikgosi (NyD) are receptive to ideas from groups or individuals outside the GOB system. The relationship between the GOB and these groups appeared to be cordial and productive.

Back in 2006 when the BGCIS was conceived, it had been proposed that senior GOB spokespersons would be elevated to the position of director, which should enable them to interface with their permanent secretaries through the PICFORCE (council of permanent secretaries) which meets monthly to review implementation of GOB policies. This proposal has yet to be implemented. However, as part of the on-going public sector reform process, overall supervision of the communication system in the GOB is overseen by a deputy permanent secretary level person, based in the in the OP. A new department of information would be formed to integrate BGCIS and the Department of Information Services (DIS).

BGCIS is supposed to act like ‘a virtual network’, which should enable it to coordinate information without any difficulty. In this regard,


the BGCIS should be in a position to assist GOB communicators to plan their communication processes and generally manage information flow in such a way that various departments know what each other is doing at any one time. This would reduce waste and duplication.

1.3.2 Why Communicate PEI?

The purpose of the PEI Advocacy and Communication Strategy is to build relationships between the various agents of development, both within and without the GOB, and assist them to collaborate with, instead of acting independently of each other. PEI is a change agent and not an implementer of policy. It is intended to empower the GOB structures to communicate PE and CC issues in a more integrative manner through training, knowledge sharing, awareness building and the adoption of best practices.

‘Increase(ing) knowledge and awareness of PE and CC linkages by policy/decision makers, civil society, private sector and media’ assumes that certain activities will be delivered. These include:

• The development of information and educational campaign (IEC) materials to promote dialogue and discourse among policy makers on PE and CC issues;• The promotion of public debates on policy matters relating to PE and CC issues among the targeted PEI publics; • Engaging media through training to increase their level of awareness of, and reporting on PE and CC issues; and,

• Developing the capacity of civil society to enable it to better coordinate and research PE and CC issues, and to integrate such issues into their plans.

The main challenge facing the PEI is that the idea of mainstreaming PE and CC issues in development is a new thing in Government; hence the calls for liberalisation of information. Perphaps it is not surprising that most people, including very senior Government people in planning and communication, do not understand or have heard of the PE initiative, though they would readily support it. Civil society, the private sector and other publics will normally look up to the GOB for direction in these types of cases. Development partners are willing to show the way, and even channel resources into projects of this nature, but more often than not, they will be hampered by lengthy GOB procedures and processes.

Lastly, a situation whereby communication is treated as a channel, rather than an integral part of policy would be anomalous to the PEI Botswana agenda. Therefore, all the elements of the project, be it the development of analytical studies to inform policy development, capacity building of stakeholders within and without the GOB, monitoring and evaluation of projects at central and local level - or the development of IEC materials to promote dialogue and discourse within the targeted publics – have to be approached strategically communication-wise. To do that would require a plan, hence the idea of a PEI Advocacy and Communication Strategy.


2.1 COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES FOR PEI BOTSWANA

The purpose of the PEI Botswana Advocacy and Communications Strategy is to-:

• Identify key stakeholders and high level PEI champions in order to influence policy, institutional and behavioural change on the importance of PE and CC linkages for economic and social development. Such champions may come from Government, development partners, civil society or the private sector;

• Promote a strategic vision for the PEI based on national development objectives - economic growth, sustainable development and poverty reduction – as well as increased investment in environmental services that address the needs of particular groups of people to drive political choices and promote policy, institutional and behavioural change;

• Facilitate information sharing and lessons learned about good practice on poverty and environmental mainstreaming both at local government and ‘upwards’ to national decision-making;

• Ensure effective participation by all stakeholders (including non state actors and private sector) in the PEI processes;

• Develop and maintain partnerships with the scientific community, non-state actors and the private sector and;

• Ensure wide dissemination of knowledge generated by PEI Botswana and contribute to policy and decision making processes.

2.2. ELEMENTS OF THE STRATEGY

This national advocacy and communication strategy for the integration of PE and CC issues in development planning processes is an integral programme of the PEI Programme in Botswana. A crucial aspect of the PEI is the mobilisation of stakeholders – including policymakers and non-state actors – to enhance the understanding of

poverty and environment linkages in the context of sustainable development objectives, including the MDGs.

The emphasis on focused training, capacity building, dialogue, communication and advocacy is intended to enhance the impact of PEI, whose long-term objective is political, institutional and behavioural change. Since the programme involves institutional reforms, and policy at the national level, a good communications strategy will entrench the impact and sustainability of the long-term results and activities of the Joint GOB-UNDP-UNEP PEI Programme and would be implemented as a key activity throughout the programme cycle.

The strategy will be formulated with a mix of elements that are designed to give it some potency.

II THE PEI BOTSWANA ADVOCACY AND COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY

(1) Government policy regarding PE and CC issues and its relevance to the project. In order to draw up a bankable plan, there is need to have some appreciation of the linkages between poverty and environment and what the GOB and its partners wish to achieve by mainstreaming these issues in development. There is also need to understand the prevailing policy and communication environment to enable the Joint PEI Partners to formulate their ideas on mainstreaming PE and CC issues in development effectively. This aspect has been addressed in the Institutional Analysis Report on PEI in Botswana, various UNDP and UNDAF reports. The essence of these reports is captured in Part I above.

(2) Analysis of PEI stakeholders. The type of stakeholders that are required for the PEI project, their views, concerns, perceptions and expectations – are vital to the development of the strategy. It will help Client to identify the issues that need to be addressed, take advantage of emerging opportunities and target its deliverables for impact.

(3) Developing and choosing the message. The objective of any message is to sell PEI Botswana’s point of view, to deal with negative perceptions and


There are six such elements, viz:

2.3 ANALYSIS OF STAKEHOLDERS AND CHAMPIONS

The mapping of PEI stakeholders and champions for this project was initially done during the PEI workshop. The parties were identified on the basis of their involvement, the amount of power they weild and interest on PE and CC issues. What influence, if any, do they have on PE and CC issues? How influential are they and who do they have influence on? Additional information on perceptions and concerns was gathered through interviews, mainly face to face.

2.3.1 StakeholdersFour broad categories of stakeholders have been delineated, who have their peculiar concerns about current practices, and to whom messages shall be ascribed and the channels through which they wished such messages to be communicated. The advocacy and communications strategy in turn addresses the concerns – including communication concerns – of these communities of interest, namely: policy and decision makers, private sector players, non-state stakeholders and development partners.

2.3.1.1 Policy and Decision MakersThe first group consists of two sets of players, namely:

a) Legislators and Dikgosi (plural; singular: kgosi); b) Government implementing organs at central, local government and parastatal levels.

Legislators and Dikgosi Legislators predominate in Parliament. In Botswana legislators are elected representatives. They are important to PEI because they make laws or ratify international treaties and agreements relating to the environment that affects people’s livelihoods. Because of this, their interest on PE and CC issues tends to be cross-cutting. Parliamentarians draw their power and appeal from their constituents – the people who elect them to office every five years. They are therefore beholden to the electorate and are often expected to be sensitive to what the masses would say whenever they are confronted with situations that invariably affect the communities’ livelihoods.

The NyD advises Parliament on policies before they can be made into law. Dikgosi are an important anchor in the Botswana democratic system. They command respect and influence among their followers, especially in the rural districts. They are expected to have a deep understanding of traditional knowledge systems that relate to the environment and climate change.

What are their concerns? It was noted that most MPs are not sufficiently informed about PE issues and how they relate to poverty. If they reject things which are technical and for which they are not sufficiently grounded, this could send the wrong message to the electorate. Second, for fear of ruffling feathers, MPs may not

reinforce positive energy. Specific messages will be crafted around key poverty environment issues identified through a consultative process in the development of a Poverty and Environment Brief: land and rangeland degradation; water resource management; biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilisation; access to energy; pollution and waste management; and the changing climate threat to Botswana’s prosperity.

(4) Identifying a channel for communicating messages. An organisation will normally target its intended stakeholders through a variety of channels or tools of communication to get its message across – and elicit buy-in. These include the use of Kgotla (akin to a town hall assembly in a Western setting) and other meetings, various forms of campaigns which can be channelled through the media, both traditional and non-traditional, savingrams, intranet or websites, to give but a few examples. For a channel or tool to be effective in delivering a message, it must be accessible and user friendly. Various channels can also be integrated to get the message across.

(5) Action Plan. The plan outlines responsibilities and roles; required financial outlays to support implementation and identifies possible partners linked to achieving the key results and objectives of the communications and advocacy strategy.

(6) Impact Analysis. This is about monitoring and evaluation. Tracking helps the sponsor of a project to identify problems during planning and implementation. It allows for adjustments to be made before it is too late.


wish to be outspoken on PE and CC issues. Since they do not have technical tools of analysis to enable them to appreciate the relevance of caring for the environment to mitigate poverty, it is easier to let bills sail through without being debated. Third, there was concern among sections of legislators over patronage by public officers. Public officers often assume that MPs and the NyD would rubberstamp issues presented before them.

For their part, Dikgosi feel that although in principle all laws must pass through the NyD for approval, Cabinet often tries to bypass them or assume they will approve such laws. (This is the problem with an advisory structure. Opposition parties have, in the past, argued for the establishment of a second chamber of Parliament, which may, or may not include Dikgosi).

What opportunities present themselves to the PE and CC Initiative for Botswana? Decision makers should be adequately briefed about issues. Bills relating to PE and CC issue should be thoroughly workshopped and not rushed through Parliament and then sent to the NyD for endorsement.

Policy and decision makers should be equipped with the analytical tools for thinking about the link between the environment, poverty, climate change and development and how these affect their constituencies. This can be done through training workshops and seminars.

PEI Botswana could write to the Speaker of the National Assembly and target decision makers for briefings on PE and CC issues on Thursdays, when they normally meet to listen to presentations from various stakeholders. In addition, it should target the Parliamentary Committee on Agriculture and Environment for public education and awareness raising.

PEI Botswana must write to the Clerk of the National Assembly requesting an audience with the Members of the NyD to exchange ideas and views – including on indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) as this in turn relates to the environment – since they relate to poverty and development for rural communities. Such exchanges could lead to the formulation of bankable projects for research, piloting and replication.

PEI Botswana could take advantage of training opportunities organised by Southern African

Development Community Parliamentary Forum (SADC PF) and the International Parliamentary Association (IPA) to assist MPs to mainstream poverty and environment in parliamentary debates.

Similar efforts could be undertaken to target traditional leaders through the Botswana Association of Traditional Leaders (BATLA), the Univesity of Botswana department of Environmental Studies which offers training in PE and CC issues and continental forums arranged through the African Union (AU) from time to time.

Government implementing organs

All government ministries and departments are affected by PE and CC issues. For the purposes of drawing up the advocacy and communication strategy, stakeholders with specific mandates in implementing policies that deal with the environment or the sustainable use of resources were sampled. These are outlined below.

• OP is the most senior ministry in Government. It has responsibilities for overall coordination and supervision of other ministries, including coordinating of policies, projects and information flow from within the GOB. OP coordinates and manages national disasters, many of which have a link to environmental degradation or changes in the climate and affect the poor and marginalised (e.g. drought, veldt fires and floods). In addition, it is the focal point ministry for PEI implementation and works in close liaison with the PEI Africa office in Nairobi. • MFDP is the principal ministry for formulating economic and financial policies for sustainable economic development. It facilitates the development of the private sector and non-state actors and promotes citizen economic empowerment, as well as the involvement of the country in regional economic initiatives. It also houses the Central Statistics Office (CSO), a research and documentation agency which deals with a wide range of PE and CC information. The MFDP has a Poverty Desk which has been set up to link with GOB/UNDP collaboration programme. It chairs the PEI steering committee

• MEWT is responsible for environmental policy formulation, implementation, coordination, awareness building and monitoring. It also deals with waste and pollution management and deforestation, among other things. The ministry has


developed a framework that would assist planning officers appraise the impact of environmental projects in development planning, though this is yet to be used. Alongside the OP, the MEWT is a focal point ministry for PEI Botswana. Significantly for PEI, it trains communities in the sustainable use of resources and the protection of rangelands from fires.

• Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) deals with issues relating to the sustainable use of agricultural land and food security. It tackles poverty by promoting arable and livestock agricultural activities which create jobs, increase nutritional levels, improve household incomes and sustainable management of land and water resources.

• Ministry of Local Government (MLG) implements GOB policies at local government level and is the lead ministry on local governance. It provides social services in both the rural and urban areas in sectors such as water, sanitation and Ipelegeng projects. Local government authorities (councils), are responsible for policing the environment (through the environmental police, popularly known as the ‘Scorpions’). The concept of environmental police was first conceived and piloted by MEWT and later handed over to the councils for implementation. Although ostensibly a delegated responsibility, the MEWT apparently has neither oversight or a clue of the Scorpions project as currently configured by the Local Authorities.

• Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) deals with trade and investment issues and is the lead ministry that is closest to private sector players. In terms of the National Export Strategy (NES) the MTI is expected to promote the use of locally procured manufacture goods, including promotion of trade and investment policies; promotion of enterprises which use alternative energy such as solar and biofuels; the promotion of business activities whose raw materials are derived from natural resources; and, awareness raising of international protocols relating to trade in natural products. The MTI’s link to the private sector is the Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency (CEDA) and the Botswana Export Development and Investment Agency (BEDIA) which support local and foreign investments in a wide range of fields, including environmental investments.

• Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources (MMWER) coordinates and operates minerals,

energy and water policies, programmes and projects. It also liaises with local and international investors on the exploration of minerals and promotes projects that use alternative energy such as biofuels. The MMWER is the parent ministry for the Water Utilities Corporation (WUC), a public enterprise which provides potable water for drinking and industrial purposes. It is envisaged that at the beginning in 2011, waste water for agricultural use – and the Botswana Power Corporation (BPC), which provides electricity to the population. The BPC administers a GOB project that targets small villages throughout the country with the provision of electricity, including electricity from the sun through Renewable Energy Botswana (RE Botswana), a UNDP supported project.

What are their concerns? Some concerns are common to all the ministries; others are specific to certain implementing organs.

• Few ministries/departments were aware of the PEI Botswana project, though they were aware of PE and CC issues in general. Even the BGCIS, which is responsible for the management and flow of information within the establishment, were not aware of the project.

• There were concerns over the coordination of several environmental related policies, plans, strategies and international agreements and protocols due in part to the fact that many such instruments have not been mainstreamed in development planning. (A few agreements such as the Biodiversity Action Plan and the Desertification Action Plan have been mainstreamed, though it is too early to see noticeable results). Generally speaking, there is a lack of capacity within the Government to enable departments to analyse or abridge various laws enacted by Parliament or international agreements signed by the country for consumption by the general public. (This would probably impact negatively on PEI unless significant changes are made)

• There were concerns over the spread of veldt fires, depletion of stocks of fish and wildlife resources by communities and due to changing climatic conditions.

• There were concerns over the pollution, through the widespread use by farmers, of artificial fertilisers, which programmes such as the Integrated Support


for Arable Agriculture Development (ISPAAD) and the Livestock Management Improvement Development (LIMID) programme were promoting as part of the food productivity/security promotion drive by the Government. Excessive or uninformed application could pollute water courses or affect the productivity of arable land over time.

• There were concerns over the degradation of communal rangelands due to overgrazing. Loopholes have been found in the Tribal Grazing Land Policy (TGLP) which allows ranchers to have dual grazing rights in both the communal areas and the TGLP farms.

• There were concerns over pollution of underground water sources and the environment due to spillage caused by fuels and oils, pit latrines, illegal dumping and littering of domestic and industrial waste. Local and municipal authorities were challenged to collect waste due to limited capacity and communities are generally unhappy about the service they got from authorities.

• Planning does not always factor-in changes inclimatic conditions or waste management when major infrastructural works (e.g. stadiums or institutional houses in peri-urban centres are built. As a result, facilities are occasionally abandoned after being constructed at great cost (e.g. Serowe stadium) or occupation is delayed, sometimes for years (e.g. Botswana Housing Corporation - BHC) houses in Mogoditshane and Tlokweng due to a combination of factors such as changing climatic conditions or failure to provide sewerage lines. • The DWMPC is concerned over the activities of mining and waste management companies. The mines, all of which have private landfills, are said to be worst polluters. The waste management companies are said to be keen on making profits at the expense of conservation. Weak environmental legislation and policing tend to worsen matters. One of the biggest challenges is that Botswana does not have an integrated environmental management law.

• Local Authorities feel that the MFDP does not prioritise environmental projects as these are always the first to be cut from the budgets submitted by the councils. For their part, the MFDP argue that it is not for them to prioritise projects for Local Authorities, but rather, cutting of projects from lists

submitted by such authorities are dictated by fiscal constraints.

• Training of GOB planning officers in PE and CC mainstreaming has so far been limited to the MFDP as most departments contacted confessed ignorance of any such training ever taking place within their establishments, let alone be informed about it. However, this lack of interest may be due to a lack of understanding of the gravity of the issue. The UB Department of Environmental Science for one, has been offering short courses on CC and Development Planning over the last three years. However, there has not been takers from Government.

• Public officers are not sharing information as they should, even at departmental level. There was talk of ‘information hoarding’. It is not uncommon for information on important occasions such a workshops or events that relate to PE and CC issues not to be widely disseminated to stakeholders in the public sector and other sectors.

• Senior government communicators feel constrained to release information to the media for publication because they are forbidden to do so by General Orders (Article 35.5 of Government General Orders of 1999). Material has to be vetted by their principals and often comes back rewritten in a manner that would not be easily understood by the public3. This goes back to the debate over the need for Government to provide public access to a wide range of information and the promulgation of a Feedom of Access to Information Act (FOIA) which has been promoted by civil society organisations in recent years, but which the BOB has been unwilling to consider.

• The management of information flow by the BGCIS is said to be poor. But this problem cascades to other ministries and departments as well due to the fact that most of these organisations lack the capacity to strategically plan, manage or implement their communication processes.

What opportunities for PE Initiative Botswana? PEI Botswana should engage all GOB departments as soon as the office is established to inform stakeholders about its existence and its mission. It must exploit GOB consultative machinery such as the Permanent Secretaries Forum (‘PICFORCE’)

3 At the time of writing this report, the Public Service Act was being revised, and there was a feeling in senior Government management circles that the new Act addressed this problem


and the Ministry Performance Improvement Committees (MPICs) to brief departmental managers about its activities on an ongoing basis.

PEI Botswana should assist with the capacity building of all GOB communications units and the BGCIS to enable them to mount effective IEC activities on PE and CC issues. The overall objective of these campaigns should be to promote dialogue and discourse.

PEI Botswana should appraise itself with current reforms that are taking place in government in order to target delivery of its services. A number of institutions are being amalgamated (e.g. there are reforms that will impact upon the Government Strategy Office (GSO) as the overarching coordinating and monitoring agency. The MEWT is also being restructured, which might impact upon the mandate of the DEA, which the PEI Office has to closely work with.

Training is an important window for entrenching PE and CC issues. The training of planning officers in poverty and environment mainstreaming, as well as communication officers in mainstreaming communication and reporting of such issues should be prioritised in Government departments. Public sector managers must acquaint themselves with what UB offers in this area so that the level of awareness and understanding of PE and CC issues among PR and planning officers is enhanced.

Weaknesses in pollution and waste management controls presents PEI Botswana with opportunities for linking up the DWMPC with private sector stakeholders in coming up with workable solution to promote a clean environment and identify areas for collaboration, dialogue and discourse.

In order to promote knowledge and understanding of PE and CC issues, PEI Botswana should come up with strategies for collecting information on studies, commissions, research, current practices relating to monitoring and evaluation – that address poverty, environment and climate change – and ensure that such information is accessible and communicated to all stakeholders through the e-Government portal and other communication channels. The e-government platform in particular, is a very important development. But it is still lagging behind since it is static and does not allow for interaction with users nor act as a one-stop service point. It is potentially important to PEI Botswana’s work, and

should be fast tracked and used across the whole GOB sector. The Attorney General’s Chambers has set up the pace through its e-laws project. Other departments should follow uit and meet targets.

Other important work that is currently underway include the public service reforms, the CSO core welfare indicator survey (which is intended to capture data that utilises poverty indicators), and the Presidential Commission on Remote Areas Dwellers.

Other areas that need attention are the implementation of early warning systems to enable relevant GOB departments such as Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP), Tourism (DOT), Forestry and Range Resources (DFRR) and Waste Management and Pollution Control (DWMPC) to communicate information relating to drought, range resources involving the flora and fauna and matters affecting pollution control and waste management.

2.3.1.2 Private Sector

The second category includes companies and institutions that have a direct interest in the use of natural resources such as land, waste management, water, and energy or biodiversity wealth. Included in this category are companies that extract or sell potable water; those that are involved in the procurement of wildlife, fish, forest and other natural resources; those that are involved in the sale of livestock or agricultural products; those that are involved in the collection and management of waste; those that are involved in the sale of renewable and non-renewable energy sources and those that promote investment in environment related businesses. Mining companies were identified in the course of undertaking this assignmnent as ‘big polluters,’ and given the upsurge of mining activities all over the country in recent years, any new measures must address them.

What are their concerns? Companies that are engaged in the business of scavenging waste pollutants (e.g. used tyres, scrap metals and used oil) and the collection domestic and industrial waste were concerned about regulations and bye-laws that affect their work. They claim that they are the most closely watched and regulated businesses in the country, yet the DWMPC and councils failed to consult them on such laws and regulations as well as licensing procedures.

There were concerns about the lack of


information on how to deal with various types of waste, e.g. clinical waste and general waste, refuse disposal procedures and requirements for importing or exporting waste matter and waste water.

There were concerns about the lack of information relating to policies, trade agreements and protocols that promote the use of products derived from natural products such as cattle and wildlife bye-products (e.g. leather and bones) and incentives for venturing into such investments. Some respondents felt that the private sector should be adequately briefed on the implications (or advantages) of such laws, international treaties and protocols if the country is to meet challenges associated with import substitution, diversification of the economy and global competitiveness.

There were concerns over the availability of land for investment purposes. There were claims that since acquiring land for development is difficult, the sector’s competitiveness will also be affected.

There were concerns about lack of publicity relating to research and investment opportunities in alternative energy areas such as biomass energy to potential Botswana investors, despite GOBs effort to promote the use of renewable energy.

It was observed that, though the GOB has undertaken to reduce its dependence on South African electricity supplies by implementing the Morupule II power station, local companies have not been engaged. If the country is to achieve economic diversification, the GOB must deliberately come up with policies that promote the development of local expertise in large scale energy projects of this nature. Botswana companies need information on compliance requirements, as dictated foe example by the Kyoto Protocol, to which Botswana is a signatory. They should also have access to information on carbon financing, which can be accessed through UNEP affiliated institutions, the World Bank and other partners.

What opportunities for PE Initiative Botswana? PEI Botswana should mobilise the private sector to promote the sustainable use of resources. It should therefore target players in this sector by imparting knowledge and widely disseminating information that would contribute to the growth of the sector, which is viewed by the GOB as an engine of growth – and is increasingly being called upon to drive initiatives that address the livelihoods of

Batswana.

For instance, the GOB is stressing the need for import substitution and value addition of products such as sorghum, leather, crafts and other goods made from natural resources. PEI Botswana should disseminate information on the National Environment Strategy and how it impacts on the investment plans of companies which venture into these opportunities. Information could be summarised in the form of briefing materials to be distributed at investment promotion fora, workshops, seminars or presentations organised by the MTI or any of its partners.

PEI Botswana could also work with the private sector to encourage them to link their corporate policies and social investment programmes to environmental investments that could alleviate poverty. For instance, major mining companies such as Debswana (diamonds) and Tati Nickel, which have large sums of money earmarked for their corporate social responsibility programmes, could be encouraged to collaborate with communities in their catchment areas and undertake projects that promote sustainable use of resources using alternative energy sources from the sun, domestic, animal or municipal waste (e.g. solar generated electricity and biomass).

PEI Botswana could link these companies with other stakeholders in the private and non-state sectors to help build capacity of these communities. The process could be facilitated by the enanctment of an enabling legislation that would encourage, if not require companies to develop comprehensive corporate social responsibility programmes.

PEI Botswana should also work with the DWMPC and local authorities in the dissemination of knowledge regarding investment opportunities in the waste management industries, as well as policies, laws and bye-laws that address pollution.

Regarding information on research on environmental issues, PEI Botswana could assist the DEA to come up with strategies for formulation, legislation or strategies for enhancing the free flow of information to private sector stakeholders.

The MMWER was in the process of undertaking a number of ambitious projects that sought to promote self-sufficiency in energy and diversification from non-renewable sources of energy. There are opportunities for carbon financing (e.g. large scale coal projects) or setting up new projects in


the biofuels sector (e.g. through the commercial plantation of jatropha crop, provided the long-term environental impacts are identified and plans for their mitigation implemented. PEI Botswana can facilitate such initiatives through the provision of information, exchange of ideas and benchmarking on good practice elsewhere in Africa and the world where the PE Initiative has taken off.

2.3.1.3 Non-State Stakeholders

This category of stakeholders includes civil society organisations active in environmental and poverty reduction issues, communities and subsistence farmers that depend directly on the eco-system, e.g. collecting or harvesting of veldt products, fuel wood, fish, thatch grass, water or land resources. (Refer to Appendix A2 for profiles of Non State Stakeholders)

What are their concerns? Regulations and Guidelines: In the Okavango Delta, tensions between concessionaires and the communities have been reported in the recent past over the use of natural resources in the leased areas. For instance, fishermen have complained that they are not allowed to fish near lodges, though some guidelines have since been drafted with the assistance of the BTB to regulate the conduct of fishing by all stakeholders in the area. In terms of the Community Based Natural Resource Management Policy (CBRNM Policy), communities in the Community Hunting Areas (CHAs) are leased to community trusts by the land boards which in turn look for joint ventures, which are mainly foreign. On occasion, there have been conflicts between the concessionaires and the lessees over the latter’s rights to travel, collect veldt products or hunt for subsistence. The communities have been blamed for this state of affairs as effectively, they are the de facto land lords as the land has been leased to them by the land boards.

Similarly, in the communal areas, where forests and grasslands are a source of livelihood for many people because of the abundance of veldt products, communities were concerned over the introduction of policies that seek to regulate harvesting seasons and modes of harvesting grasses, phane (caterpillar) worms and other veldt products.

Small scale livestock producers and farmers were concerned over the rezoning of communal land to service new settlements, allocate commercial ranches or introduce major agricultural projects envisaged under the National Master Plan for Arable Agriculture and Dairy Development (NAMPAAD) programme. NGOs and communities said that whilst it is acceptable for the GOB to promote sustainable methods of cattle rearing, and fence land for such purposes, this should not be done at the expense of communities which draw water from boreholes located in communal areas, or harvest wood and veldt products.

Changing climatic conditions was also a source of concern to small scale farmers. Whilst the GOB is encouraging them to produce crops as part of its food security strategy, information on drought resistance crops and the timing of their planting during conditions of scarce rainfall was not filtering out to them. As such, they complained that the GOB should not be wasting money on them if it could assist them to circumvent climate change conditions.

Waste Management and pollution control: Communities were concerned about the inability of local authorities to collect or manage domestic waste. Traditionally communities control waste through burning or burying. These practices are now being discouraged by the GOB as they have potential to pollute the atmosphere or the soil. Regrettably, almost all local authorities in the country do not have sufficient equipment or fleet to collect waste from people’s homes, let alone have systems for collecting such waste at given intervals. They also do not have the capacity to educate the public about regulations and bye-laws guiding the management of such waste by communities. The absence of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to address issues of pollution and waste management is also a source of concern.

Farmers were concerned about the country’s inability to achieve food security despite the abundance of programmes that aim to address this matter, (e.g. the Intergrated Support Programme for Arable Agricultural Devevelopment (ISPAAD) or the Livestock Management Infrastructure Development Programme (LIMID). Production by the subsistence sector is generally low mainly because farmers do not use technology to increase production, poor

4 Tshole Trust recycles used oil, while Somarelang Tikologo has positioned itself as an environmental watch-dog


agricultural infrastructure, unreliable rainfall or lack of funding.

Knowledge Contrains: Limited knowledge of the supply and demand chain for seeds supplies of indigenous plant and tree species is yet another source of concern. Organisations such as BORAVAST (which specialises in the promotion of research and sustainable harvesting of hoodia plant) and Veldt Product Research Botswana (VPRB), which are involved in the cultivation, sale and marketing of veldt products – are prevented from taking full advantage of the export market due to the prevailing knowledge gap. Communities simply did not have the necessary resources to highlight these issues through scientific research, media and other communication channels

Most non-sate organisations were poorly funded, which limited their latitude to implement their projects, either through research, piloting or replication. Some may had information on where funding is available, (e.g. from the GOB or its development partners), but they did not have the capacity to raise the funds or mobilise people around projects for lack of human resources.

What opportunities for PE Initiative Botswana? There are opportunities for helping build non-state actors to become sustainable organisations that could become meaningful partners for PEI Botswana. This could be done through the provision of research funds, partnerships, institutional capacity building support and training.

PEI Botswana could also enlist this sector to raise public awareness of PE and CC issues. It could take advantage of the links that already exist between these organisations and GOB departments such as the DWMPC (which works closely with Tshole Trust and Somarelang Tikologo)4 on raising public awareness of waste and pollution – and the DFRR, which works with CBOs such as Matsheng Community Development Trust and BORAVAST to promote the sustainable harvesting and research of veldt products. In addition, PEI Botswana should engage non-state actors in public debates on policies, laws and protocols relating to the environment, and to urge for their harmonisation with the National Conservation Strategy (NCS).

PEI Botswana should link civil society/community based organisations with companies that have corporate social responsibility funds

and raise funding for piloting or replicating on a wider scale, projects that use renewable energy to promote sustainable development initiatives in rural communities.

2.3.1.4 Development Partners and the Media

The development partners include national institutions involved in research and innovation, bilateral and multi-lateral funding agencies involved in PE work – as well as the media. They are important to PEI because they provide research and develop projects that can be replicated on a wider scale to promote sustainable development. The multilaterals also provide funding to support research, innovation and piloting. The media are important for raising public awareness of PE and CC issues.

Some of the development partners that do PE and CC work are the University of Botswana (UB), the Botswana Technology Centre (BOTEC) and the Rural Industries Promotions Company (RIPCO). Among the multilaterals active in the promotion of PE and CC issues are the UNDP, the UNEP and the Global Environment Facility (GEF).

The media are important for raising public awareness of PE and CC issues. Botswana has a diverse media, both private and government-owned, which is read and viewed widely. Radio, especially the Setswana channel of the Government station, RB1, has the widest reach. But there are three other commercial radio stations which enjoy wide patronage. The main television station is the Government owned free to air Botswana Television (Btv). The Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) Botswana chapter is the principal media advocacy organisation in the country

UB has a strong research and training capability on environment, water resource management and climate change.

BOTEC is involved in renewable energy research, technology transfer to industry, water and the environment.

RIPCO’s activities span energy and water management, photovoltaic water pumping, water treatment and sanitation, business incubation and technology transfer. The latter two institutions, BOTEC and RIPCO are in the process of being merged.

The UNDP is involved in climate change, water


resources management and renewable energy projects. At the time of writing this report, piloting of a project on water re-use and rain water harvesting was being implemented. The energy project (RE Botswana) focuses on the use of solar energy by institutions, and targets rural areas. The project was borne out of a realisation that rural electrification through grid extension was uneconomic, because average electricity consumption at the domestic level is low.

UNEP’s mandate is to coordinate the development of environmental policy consensus by keeping the global environment under review and bringing emerging issues to the attention of governments and the international community for action. PEI Africa is based in Nairobi.

The GEF is part of the UN system and provides grants to countries with economies in transition for projects related to biodiversity, climate change, international waters, land degradation, the ozone layer, and persistent organic pollutants. These projects benefit the global environment, linking local and national action, and promote sustainable livelihoods. In the past the GEF has co-funded with Government, various studies to promote sustainable use of resources, e.g. the Indigenous Vegetation Project (IVP, 2004 -2007), a demonstration project for biodiversity conservation which combined indigenous knowledge systems, the findings of scientific knowledge and practical experience to rehabilitate degraded woodlands and come up with improved tree management, livestock production and alternative livelihoods for the poor.

The Media: Botswana has both Government-owned and privately run media. The GOB media, consists of the national television station (Btv), the two radio stations (RB1 and RB2), Botswana Press Agency and the Daily News. It enjoys the largest viewership, listenership and readership by far. RB1 is particularly effective in reaching out to the general population.

There are four commercial radio stations, being RB2 (GOB) and the privately owned GABZ FM, Ya Rona FM and Duma FM – all of which are licensed to broadcast nationally. They tend to broadcast predominantly in English, with a lot of code switching. They aim for the same market: youth and listeners in the 20s – 40s. The print media has its own

watchdog, the Press Council of Botswana, while complaints to the electronic media are handled by the national Broadcasting Board. Attempts by the GOB to set up a government-controlled media council have stalled due to differences with stakeholders, led by MISA Botswana.

A number of GOB departments such as that of Ministry of Agriculture have slots in the print and electronic media which target farmers and the general public on such issues as range land degradation and modern farming practices. Generally speaking, there is very little coverage of environmental or poverty matters in both the Government and private media.

What are their concerns?

Development organisations: The UNDP, through the GEF programme has been extending grants to support environment related programmes, many which target people in rural areas and the poor. Most community organisations lack capacity to conceptualise, let alone implement projects. Much of the GEF funds have been enjoyed by national NGOs which are good at writing project proposals. There is a need to publicise such initiatives among grassroots organisations and to open windows for private sector participation.

Research organisations: There is no policy on energy5 and as such, Government’s support of the nascent non-renewable energy sector tends to be tentative. Institutions are not obliged by law to move away from grid or fossil power. Institutions such as the RIPCO, who have developed many renewable energy initiatives, claim that it is not so much that their technologies don’t work, but the lack of will by the end users. Equipment was usually not maintained and tended falls into disuse or got neglected, only to be replaced by renewable energy facilities over time. Examples included wetlands, which were used by prisons, police and hospitals in rural areas; and, solar power, which was used for cooking and lighting by primary schools and institutional houses.

Media: There was a level of mistrust between Government and the privately-owned media. Relationships between the two parties are polarised, mainly due to the recent promulgation of the Media Practitioners’ Act, which the private media has vehemently opposed, even filing its case in the

5 The National Energy Policy is still being developed.


courts. The private media feel they were capable of self-regulation and that the GOB can abuse laws if left unchecked. For its part, the BGCIS has yet to come up with strategies for engaging the private media. Editors of the privately run papers have also admitted that their level of coverage of poverty and environment issues is below par, and that journalists need some training in these areas. Media owners also feel that they should be taken on board by PEI Botswana as the stories that journalists write about emanate from newsroom policies designed by their bosses.

What opportunities for PE Initiative Botswana? The development partners could be useful to PEI Botswana in terms of developing a body of knowledge accumulated through research, which could convince policy and decision makers to invest in environmental assets as a way of reducing poverty.

Development partners also have the resources to invest in pilot projects that address PE and CC issues. Research and innovation institutions have the capacity to develop alternative energy and other technologies that could be used by GOB institutions and communities. The media can be harnessed to disseminate such information on projects relating to PE and CC issues.

2.3.2 Champions

Champions are individuals (or in some cases, organisations) who occupy a special place in society, play an advocacy role or who would normally have a passion for particular causes. They can be used as partners in promoting PE and CC messages. The most important qualities of a champion are commitment, passion and drive. In addition to this is the ability for the “champion” to have an impact at all levels of society especially at community level. Another key quality is the ability for the individual to listen to and be receptive to the view points of concerned groups.

What opportunities for PEI Botswana? Champions could be used by PEI Botswana for a variety of purposes, including but not limited to:

• playing an advocacy role in sensitising the GOB and other stakeholders on the relevance and importance of PE and CC issues in making the country a competitive nation; • promoting environmental investments, e.g. in

renewable energy, water, pollution and waste management;• promoting research initiates on PE and CC issues; • influencing and promote appropriate legislation, policies, plans and strategies within and without the GOB; • changing people’s mindsets on PE and CC issues;• participating in communication and outreach programmes organised by PEI Botswana and or its partners;• promoting linkages with international partners.

Various individuals ranging from politicians to musicians; environmentalists to business persons; traditional leaders to media personalities – have been identified as potential champions for PEI Botswana. The current president of the republic Lt. Gen. Ian K.S. Khama and former president Sir Ketumile Quett Masire, known for their passion for poverty alleviation/environmental issues and farming respectively – were signalled at the December 2009 workshop as personalities who could be approached to become principal champions for PEI Botswana. Profiles of potential PEI champions appear at Appendix A2.

2.4 ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED BY THE COMMUNICATION AND ADVOCACY STRATEGY

The above analysis has given us some appreciation of PEI stakeholders’ and fears and perceptions on a range of PE and CC issues. In sum, the issues highlighted by stakeholders are:

a) Biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilisation of resources. Many stakeholders depend on the country’s biodiversity wealth for commercial or subsistence purposes. The NDP10 target is to increase tourism’s contribution to GDP from 6% to 9% by 2016. This is crucial as it provides an additional avenue for economic diversification and poverty reduction by empowering communities through the CBNRM programme. Nevertheless, tourism is based on access to high quality ecosystems and biodiversity is under threat from increased tourist numbers due which may, if not properly managed, exceed the carrying capacity of popular tourist zones such as the Chobe Riverfront. The challenge is to manage increased volume in


tourists so as not to exceed the sustainable carrying capacity. Managing the environment in a way that communities also benefit will go a long way to preserving ecosystems and biodiversity.b) Climatic conditions. The temporal and spatial patterns of rainfall and temperature in southern Africa are likely to change significantly and include up to 20% less rainfall by 2025. Already there is evidence that climate change is affecting Botswana - malaria is now appearing in new areas including Ghantsi and Kgatleng and anthrax, which poses a threat to the livestock industry, is being found further south than ever before. In 2008 heavy rainfall led to 532 reported infant deaths from diarrhoea due to poor sanitation. The threat posed by climate change means that stresses caused by water scarcity and land degradation will worsen. The challenge is therefore to ensure appropriate coordination and harmonisation across Government to develop preparedness to tackle climate change through adaptation measures. Such measures could include use of drought resistant varieties in agriculture, risk reduction strategies to tackle malaria in the health sector and demand management to reduce wastage in the water sector.

c) Energy utilisation. Fuel wood is the primary energy source in 92% of rural households, yet with increased rates of deforestation (0.9% per annum) and with 69% of Botswana’s land degraded, the daily search for fuel wood can now take up to 3.3 hours and require a journey of 5.8km for women and children charged with sourcing fuel. Firewood is also a major cause of indoor air pollution resulting in respiratory diseases. Tackling issues of access to energy, poverty and deforestation are linked. Investments in activities which increase energy efficiency and access to cleaner energies will benefit the poor and also reduce deforestation and land degradation.

d) Land and rangeland degradation. Agriculture’s contribution to GDP is 1.9% but this masks the fact that for 70% of the rural population it is the primary source of household income. The NDP 10 target has been set to raise production to meet 50% of the country’s cereal demand needs.The causes are numerous and well documented including limited access to markets, finance and technologies but also environmental, including vulnerability to drought, land degradation and poor water resource management. Meeting the

NDP10 agriculture target presents the country with several environmental challenges. 69% of Botswana’s land suffers from degradation linked to deforestation and soil erosion and gulley erosion. This has a detrimental impact upon agricultural productivity and food security with 29% of children underweight. Current solutions include the costly subsidisation of inputs such as fertilisers to mitigate the impacts of degradation and increase productivity. Future solutions to tackle the root causes of poor agricultural productivity and food insecurity should include analysis of investments in soil and vegetation conservation, land rehabilitation, water conservation and rain water harvesting, use of drought resistant crop varieties and review of sustainable carrying capacity of land for livestock. In addition, investments in fisheries (both subsistence and commercial) offer scope for pro-poor growth and improved food security benefiting the poorest in society.

Whilst there is no denying the fact there is land degradation, there was no hard evidence that points to the degradation of communal land through overgrazing, the harvesting of veldt products or the cutting of firewood as communities tend to use time tested indigenous knowledge and methods that address these types of pitfalls. In all these, there is a need for knowledge sharing, public education and awareness raising as well as training of stakeholders by PEI Botswana and its partners.

e) Pollution and waste management. Urbanisation places increased pressure on provision of key services such as water supply, sanitation and waste management and, if these are insufficient, may increase risk of water or vector borne diseases. Investment prioritisation of key environmental services such as water and waste management services will be critical to reduce the burden of disease and to make both urban and rural communities clean, healthy and pleasant environments in which to work and live.

f) Water resource management. As a nation Botswana is water stressed with limited water resources and an annual demand of 88M m3. Based upon a growth target of 5.9% it is estimated that water resources demand will increase by about 2% each year due to increased demands from agriculture and industry as well as population increase. There is however anecdotal evidence of aquifers already running dry in southern Botswana.


Objective 6 Expected Outcomes Impact

Delivering sustainable and equitable access to water resources will be essential if NDP10 is to succeed and this will require investment in sustainable water resource management including demand management to reduce inefficient and wasteful use of water and systems to ensure access for the poorest in society. Planners must consider and build into development plans the multifunctional roles that new dams can play (for tourism, fisheries and agriculture) for a more results based contribution to economic diversification.

2.4.1 Communication intervention strategies to be by used PEI Botswana in targeting stakeholders

The intervention strategies will be linked to the objectives of the Advocacy and Communication Strategy and shall highlight the desired results.

Chart 1 below is the Logical Framework Matrix for the PEI Botswana Advocacy and Communication Strategy. It highlights the manner in which PEI Botswana could use communication interventions to support the implementation and to achieve the desired impact.

Objective 1Identify key stakeholders and high level PEI champions to

influence change

Expected Outcomes

• A mapping of all PEI Botswana stakeholders• Identify their fears and

concerns for engagement.

ImpactAppropriate communication intervention strategies are designed to address their

peculiar concerns. Increase awareness on PE and CC

Promote a strategic vision for the PEI based on national

development objectives

An alignment of PEI Botswana’s vision and agenda for action to Vision 2016, NDP10 and

the MDGs

A forward looking, knowledge-based, high income nation

Facilitate information sharing and lessons learned on good practice on PE mainstreaming both at local

government and ‘upwards’ to national decision-making.

Empower stakeholders with information about environmental issues and how they impact on

their lives to make informed decisions

An informed citizenry that is conscious of PEI and CC issues and knows how to

address problems emanating from such.

Ensure effective participation by all stakeholders (including non state stakeholders and private sector) in the PEI processes.

Promote the use of integrated information sharing channels and build institutional capacity

to facilitate the free flow of information.

A culture of belonging, openness and transparency

is developed among the citizenry as stakeholders start

collaborating more closely with each other.

Develop and maintain partnerships with the scientific community, non-state stakeholders and the private

sector.

Working relationships among various partners is

strengthened.

Greater policy coherence and enhanced participatory

development among all stakeholders.

Ensure wide dissemination of knowledge generated by PEI Botswana and contributes to policy and decision making

processes.

Improved and coordinated use of communication

channels, including internal communication outlets,

e-governance tools media and social networking platforms.

Higher levels of coordination and cooperation than is the

case now.

Chart 1 Logical Framework Matrix for Delivery of the PEI Advocacy and Communications Strategy






The intervention strategies will be linked to the objectives of the Advocacy and Communication Strategy and shall highlight the desired results. There are a few basic rules of engagement which PEI Botswana should be mindful of-:

• Spread the word: Stakeholders must be informed about the project. This requires that PEI Botswana should reach out to all stakeholders, both individually and or as groups to inform them about the objectives of the project. It is always advisable to address stakeholders as a group because there is potential for building allies and for such groups to spur each other, share information and resources for the greater good of the country in matters relating to poverty reduction or preserving its fragile environment. • Be open: PEI Botswana should be transparent in its engagement of stakeholders, be they GOB structures, non-governmental organisations, companies, research establishments or the media – both government or privately-owned. It must listen to stakeholder concerns, whether it agrees with them or not. Being dismissive of stakeholders’ concerns could be a recipe for failure.

• Identify stakeholder needs: This could be done through research, face to face interactions or cross visits. By so doing PEI Botswana would be able to elicit information on stakeholders’ needs and begin to address their peculiar needs. Such interventions would motivate stakeholders to take ownership

of the project. For instance, by educating media people on environment and poverty issues, they would be empowered to report effectively on such topics without fear or bias. • Exploit mediums of communication: There are various channels for reaching out to stakeholders, and these are articulated at length in the body of this document. Such mediums should be exploited to publicise the work of the project.

• Visibility: Stakeholders must not just ‘hear’ about climate change, PE issues or PEI Botswana – as the research leading to the drawing up of this document shows. The project must actively engage stakeholders through a plethora of interventions – public debates, capacity building projects, information, education and communication interventions, etc.

• Constantly review and measure the work of stakeholders. It is assumed that as part of its strategy to build allies to promote the PE agenda, the project will give its partners some work to do. It is this work that will require to be constantly assessed in order to measure the level of impact.

Refer to tables 2 through 5 on engagement strategies to be used by PEI Botswana targeting stakeholders from disparate constituencies of interest. The specific objectives cited in the tables (i.e. 1,3,5 and 6), all relate to stakeholder mobilisation and information dissemination.


2.4.2 Linking activities to the plan objectives to achieve the desired outcomes

The PEI Office’s role in implementation will be facilitative. It will draw up plans for review and action by its partners without running the risk of being accused of ‘meddling’. PEI Botswana’s communication plan will be guided by the following strategic objectives:

• Objective 1: Target and mobilise support from stakeholders and champions to achieve the desired impact. • Objective 2: Promote a vision for PEI Botswana based on national development objectives.• Objective 3: Share lessons learnt on PE and CC mainstreaming good practice at central and local levels.• Objective 4: Ensure effective participation by all stakeholders in the PEI and CC processes. • Objective 5: Build sustainable relationships with the scientific community, the non-state sector and the private sector.• Objective 6: Disseminate information on the work generated by PEI Botswana to facilitate a better understanding of the issues and to contribute to policy and decision making processes affecting PE and CC.

a) Engaging stakeholders and champions to build support for project implementation

Communication is about engagement, and for PEI Botswana’s work to be understood, it must engage its many stakeholders through a series of time-based interventions using a variety of mediums or channels. Each targeted stakeholder will have its own peculiar concerns, fears and interests for opposing engagement on the process, but the

onus lies with PEI Botswana to buy such people over.

i. Building allies among stakeholders

Most respondents said they were aware of PE and CC issues. Some cited the 2009 climate change conference which was held in Copenhagen, Denmark and at which Botswana was invited, as a point of reference. The PEI project itself has been in the making for just over a year, driven by the GOB and its UN partners. The process of consultation seems to have targeted stakeholders associated with the Multi-Sectoral Committee on Poverty Reduction & Food Security (MSCPRFS) of the MFDP and excluded others outside the GOB system.

The first task of PEI Botswana once it comes on stream would therefore be to connect with its stakeholders and inform them about the project and build relationships with them. Relationship building will entail interacting with stakeholders through a variety of mediums and channels. The most suitable for the Focal Office would be face to face interactions, cross-visits, workshops, seminars and media. Once people have been consulted they would become amenable to cooperate and buy into the project. PEI could only build trust with its stakeholders if it engages them on a continuous basis. The following set of stakeholders can be targeted under this objective:

Senior civil servants: PEI Botswana should target them for a range of issues, including the need to mainstream communication in policy, raising the profile of public sector communicators and the need to amend policies and laws that are inimical to the promotion of timely and free flow of information. The main forums for communicating with this group are the MPIC and PICFORCE.

Communities: These may be opposed to policies that seek to limit, say, land and rangeland degradation, because they do not see evidence of such degradation or they may fear losing their land rights to rich people who are allowed to fence off their ranches in areas that were communally owned historically. They will need to be appraised on the link between agriculture and land management practices that seek to optimise productivity, curtail waste, reduce poverty levels and contribute to long term food security. Communities may be targeted through Kgotla meetings and extension workers.

PEI BOTSWANA’S COMMUNICATION GOALTo ensure that knowledge and awareness of PE and CC linkages by policy and decision makers, civil society, the private sector and the media is increased.

Objective 1: Target and mobilise stakeholders and champions


Dikgosi: The kgotla is a useful communication channel in Tswana society which is presided by the kgosi. There is, however, need to liberalise the platform so that more people feel at ease at the kgotla. Young people and people who hold day time jobs do not always attend such meetings and this has led to perceptions of marginalisation.

Politicians who are sensitive to changes if they feel that such changes would not go on well with the constituencies. They need to be educated on laws that deal with the environment or poverty in Botswana and their impact on alleviating poverty. The Parliamentary Committee on Agriculture and Environment can be approached by PEI Botswana through the PR Office of the National Assembly to make presentations when Parliament is sitting.

Development partners: PEI Botswana must consult them on the role played by scientific research and innovation in addressing issues of poverty alleviation, environment and climate change, e.g. energy.

Media: Media are both stakeholders and channels of information. They need to be consulted about the project, and trained on how to report on issues relating to poverty, environment and climate in the newsroom. The entry point for PEI Botswana is MISA Botswana and the leaders of the various media houses.

ii. Dealing with potential detractors One way of targeting detractors will be to use PEI champions. A number of names at both individual and institutional levels, surfaced during the course of this assignment. The list of potential champions is attached at Appendix 3. Individual champions can draw crowds or can use their public appeal to engage the general public or select publics whenever they appear in public. PEI Botswana could also come up with a budget that will assist with subsistence or travel costs of its champions whenever they go on assignment. This would not, however, take away the fact that champions are essentially goodwill ambassadors who at all times must project the good image of PEI. Regarding institutional champions, work could be outsourced to environmental NGOs to enable them to carry out advocacy and research activities that would assist them to sensitise communities in which they operate to be aware of PEI issues, to highlight

these in their work, or to seek solutions based on research and investigations – achieve the desired impact.

iii. Desired Results 1: Stakeholders and champions are targeted for imparting knowledge, and raising their level of awareness of PE and CC issues

- SIGNIFICANT stakeholders would be inclined to buy into the PEI project once they know what it stands for and how it can benefit them and the country. - CHAMPIONS become goodwill ambassadors for PEI Botswana, projecting its good image and cause.

b) A vision for PEI Botswana (Vision 2016)

i. Buying into the National Vision All stakeholders must buy into the country’s vision for promoting ‘prosperity for all by the year 2016’.

Vision 2016 was first drawn up in 1997. It was an attempt by the country’s leadership to put the development agenda within a context. By the year 2016 Botswana will have been independent for 50 years, so it is landmark year in that respect. The Vision has seven pillars, namely:

• an educated and informed nation• a prosperous and innovative nation• a compassionate, just and carrying nation• a safe and secure nation • an open, democratic and accountable nation• a moral and tolerant nation • a proud united and proud nation

The vision is complemented by five national principles (‘the 5Ds’) espoused by the current president of the republic, Ian Khama Seretse Khama. The 5Ds stand for: Democracy (described as ‘a cornerstone of development and prudent economic development’); Development will lead to ‘improved standards of living for Batswana’ reflected in the provision of infrastructure and job opportunities; Dignity (something that should seek to ‘address and overcome personal challenges’ in order to heighten one’s self esteem, e.g. provision

Objective 2: Promote a vision for PEI Botswana based on national and development objectives


of basic shelter, health and peaceful home environment); Discipline (which stresses respect and obedience to authority), both of which are integral parts of Tswana society and Delivery (which seeks to promote productivity at national level, especially within the civil service).

The GOB has taken steps to integrate Vision 2016 in development planning in NDP10. Other strategy and planning documents that present PEI with opportunities for mainstreaming PE and CC issues in development include:

• National Conservation Strategy (NCS) - promotes sustainable development through effective management of natural resources to stimulate economic growth and development, contribute to poverty reduction and ensure the protection of biodiversity and Botswana’s natural resources assets;

• National Policy on Agricultural Development (NPAD) – whose objective is to improve food security and agricultural diversification through a secure and productive environment for farmers, and to conserve agricultural land for future generations through the enhancement of rangeland management practices;

• National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) – which seeks to protect the country’s ecosystem through the promotion of sustainable use of resources. (The Plan is an example of domestication of a multilateral environmental agreement at the national level).

• National Energy Policy (under development) – which seeks to ensure that communities have access to affordable energy services;

• TLGP – whose objective is to reduce overgrazing in communal areas through the demarcation of leased ranches;

• National Strategy on Poverty Reduction, which seeks to eradicate poverty by 2016 through the strengthening of the capacity of local and central government institutions;

• National Strategy on Sustainable Development – which aims to integrate sustainability issues across the GOB system; and,

• National Environmental Education Strategy and Action Plan (NEESAP, 2007 – 2012), which guides the implementation of environmental education

and awareness building through strategic engagements such as events or workshops determined by the DEA from time to time.

Although Vision 2016 uses the MDGs as a benchmark, it does not, unlike the latter, set specific measurable targets for each pillar. It is also not explicit on areas such as pollution management or alternative energy. The MDGs have eight goals and 21 targets and a series of measurable indicators for each target.

The particular MDG goals which are relevant to PEI Botswana are 1 and 7. Goal 1 (Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger), sets the target for such reduction as halving the number of people living on US$1.00 a day in the world by 2015. Goal 7 (Ensuring environmental sustainability) targets the integration of sustainable resource management into country policies and programmes. It seeks to reduce biodiversity loss in terms of the proportion of land mass covered by forests, CO2 emissions or the consumption of ozone depleting substances, etc. by 2010.

The Vision 2016 implores Botswana to be forward looking in terms of improving people’s, livelihoods, the use of technology to increase productivity, a changed mindset, ensuring that the majority of people have access to education and high life expectancy. By 2016, the expectation is that the country will have invested in the natural capital to support the socio-economic aspects of development and good governance.

Where the Vision has been lacking, it will be complemented by the UNDAF Outcomes for PEI that seek to integrate the poverty environment and climate issues in key national development frameworks – and apply integrated approaches and tools to mainstream environment in policies and plans to promote growth and reduce abject poverty. The reality is that past environmental issues have always been placed in the back banner until 1992.

ii Desired Results 2: Promoting a vision based on national and international development objectives, targets and indicators for success.

- IMPROVE delivery of the PEI mission of achieving sustainable development in the context of Vision 2016, NP10, MDGs and


UNDAF outcomes through a coordinated public education and awareness raising approach.

- INCREASE knowledge through awareness raising of poverty and environment issues in overarching national development frameworks such as Vision 2016, NDP10, the ‘5Ds’, NSSD etc. All stakeholders should be engaged in communicating the ‘PEI vision’ through the harnessing of the national development agenda as it relates to PE and CC issues.

- CHAMPIONS: PEI Botswana should learn from lessons of sector specific ‘Vision Clubs’ that target youth on issues ranging from abstinence (as a strategy for combating the spread of AIDS) and promotion of gender equality which are promoted by the Botswana Vision Council and the UNDP respectively.

- OVERALL the ‘PEI vision’ should focus on the needs of stakeholders, should foster partnerships with such stakeholders with a view to empowering them with knowledge and information and must be effective in terms of the messages that it articulates..

Refer to Table 1 on linking PE and CC issues in the delivery of the Vision 2016, plans and strategies.

c) Sharing Lessons on mainstreaming good PEI practices at central and local levels

Sectoral coordination of policies minimise waste and lead to greater coordination of resources; e.g. improved coordination of water and electricity use is necessary as it affects other sectors such as Agriculture and Mining, and impacts the livelihoods of communities in both rural and urban areas.

i. Central Government

• Decision makers: Laws and policies which link land resource management (e.g. zoning of land, use of improved farming techniques, regulated harvesting of veldt products) would contribute to the fertility of the land, increase its carrying capacity and enable communities to be more productive.

• Capacity Building: PEI Botswana should facilitate the provision of training that would enable GOB

communicators to disseminate information from an informed perspective: they should be able to critically analyse information pertaining to national development and demonstrate the linkages between environmental issues to sustainable development.

• Communication situation: Communication structures should be aligned such that heads of communication are at director level position so that they have adequate authority. The BGCIS coordinating role should be clearly defined to avoid conflicts between the OP and line ministries.

• Dealing with the media: PEI Botswana should actively engage the Government owned media to increase journalists’ knowledge and awareness of PE and CC issues. It should also assist the BGCIS to draw up engagement strategies that should enable GOB communicators to handle the media, both state and private better to avert conflict.

• Measurement and evaluation issues: By tracking implementation processes, it is possible to detect weaknesses or faults and take corrective action before the situation gets out hand. PEI Botswana should track the impact of PEI communication through the media and channels.

ii. Local Authorities

• PEI Botswana should facilitate the development of information education and communication materials to promote awareness of issues by councillors and local authorities as part of its engagement agenda.

• Training and research in communication needs processes: PEI Botswana to assist with the training of communication staff in the districts to mainstream, among other things, disaster management, land degradation and climate change issues in their work. They should also be assisted to come up with communication needs assessment studies to facilitate implementation.

iii. Desired Results 3: Lessons on communicating PEI processes are shared at central and local levels within the GOB:

- Quality of debates in Parliament and the NyD and local authorities improved due to increased knowledge and improved coverage of issues by the national media, both private and Government.

Objective 3: Share lessons on mainstreaming at local and ‘upwards’ through decision making processes


- GOB communication structures at central and local work as a team as communication becomes more streamlined and the communication process becomes more professional in orientation.

- GOB structures are able to communicate strategically because they have been equipped with the tools for analysing national development programmes and how they link to PE and CC issues and are able to draw up their own engagement strategies with a focus on PE and CC issues.

- SIGNIFICANT communication processes are regularly monitored and evaluated to measure impact.

d) Optimising participation of stakeholders to inculcate a sense of ownership of PEI processes by stakeholders

This objective addresses ‘Element # 3’ of the PEI Communications and Advocacy Strategy: identifying and applying strategies that would elicit maximum participation of all stakeholders in PEI processes. Messages strategies have everything to do with building a support base for one’s campaign. They are about eliciting buy-in from stakeholders that have been targeted by the campaigner. PEI Botswana’s key messages should be viewed against the backdrop of its offensive against stakeholders’ negative perceptions on a range of environmental and sustainability issues central to the project’s agenda.

The focus of the PEI Botswana intervention is to promote human development through the sustainable utilisation of the environment and its natural resource endowments. If resources are not managed properly, they will become depleted over time, with adverse consequences for the nation. Such consequences could be the fall in the quality of people’s livelihoods due to the escalation of poverty or disease or a combination of both. They could relate to natural disasters occasioned by changes in the stratosphere, man-made disasters due to negligence (e.g. polluting rivers or aquifers)

or poor planning (e.g. absence of early warning systems about severe weather conditions).

Message Types

The core PEI message relates to Botswana’s achievement of Vision 2016 and the national development planning (NDP) processes through the sustainable utilisation of the environment and natural resources. The costs of not having foresight about conserving the environment and natural resources could be dire for future generations. This is the message that should come across when PEI Botswana is addressing its stakeholders

Key messages will address concerns relating to the corresponding themes of biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilisation, land and rangeland degradation, water resources management, pollution and waste management control, energy resources management and climate change.

How should messages be communicated?

Messages should be communicated through various channels identified elsewhere in this strategy document. At the beginning, PEI Botswana should mobilise stakeholders through meetings and workshops with a view to promoting the project. Further reinforcements would be through the media and other channels as the project proceeds.

Stakeholders are also expected to be part of the communication process, passing on positive messages to sell the idea of a sustainable Botswana through the preservation of the environment and natural resources. This communication strategy assumes that PEI Botswana will make available resources that will enable certain stakeholders to raise the level of knowledge and awareness of PE and CC issues.

Every organisation has its own way of communicating, and such protocols have been factored into when drawing up the channels available for the PEI project. For instance, the HLCC addresses a mix of stakeholders representing a cross-section of interests – policy and decision makers, business, non-governmental organisations, media and labour, to name but a few. The MPIC and ‘PICFORCE’ on the other hand target policy makers at the level of departmental directors and permanent secretaries. The media is accessed by the general public. In order to

Objectives 4: Ensure effective participation by all stakeholders, including non state actors and the private sector players in all PEI processes


effectively communicate with any of these publics, appropriate messages targeting them should be devised.

Every now and then it will be necessary to adjust messages targeting stakeholders. Insights would be gained from feedback emanating from regular interactions with stakeholders by the PEI Office and the monitoring and evaluation interventions. PEI Botswana should empower its stakeholders to develop systems that would improve coordination and dissemination of information.

Crafting messages

The basic principles for crafting messages are the same: identify a stakeholder; determine their role or influence and how they can influence the communication process, decide on the message; choose the medium or channel for relaying the message and elicit a positive response (outcome)

Six examples that address the key themes have been provided at section 2.4. All serve to reinforce positive perceptions of PEI issues. Refer to Tables 6 - 11 on the application messages.

Desired Results 4: Effective participation of stakeholders to inculcate a sense of ownership of PEI processes by stakeholders:

- IDENTIFY appropriate channels to effectively communicate messages to PEI stakeholders.

- FORGE partnerships with PEI stakeholders to build trust and promote collaborative dissemination of information that is believable, credible and can achieve a higher impact in promoting PE and CC issues.

- PEI Botswana must build the capacity of its institutional partners in Government, the non-state sector and the private sector to enable them to appreciate and better disseminate PE and CC matters.

- EVALUATE PESPONSES: Monitor public reaction to the IEC interventions through community networking, training and the media.

a) Nurturing partnerships with the non-state sector, private sector and scientific/innovation

community

All stakeholders would invariably wish to know why they have to promote sustainable natural resource management and how they would benefit. Therefore, it is incumbent upon PEI Botswana to clearly communicate the benefits of mainstreaming poverty environment issues to, and nurture partnerships with non-state sector, private sector and the scientific and innovation community.

i. Advantages of partnerships and collaboration

• Non-state actors: Capacity building of these would enable them to access funding from the GOB, the private sector and international networks. They will also be empowered with knowledge, and be in a better position to carry out development and research projects that would benefit the communities they serve. At the time of writing, there was a major non-state capacity building programme for European Community sponsored projects in Botswana.

• Private sector: Information on regulations and bye-laws, licensing requirements, trade and environment protocols would enlighten private sector players to improve service delivery and tap into new business opportunities in such areas as agriculture, water, renewable and non-renewable energy, pollution and waste management and natural resources management.

• Scientific/ Innovative community: Mainstreaming will provide them with opportunities for research, innovation and incubation which could result in wider replication of projects and services to the benefit of society. Success of trials would encourage the scientific community to develop technologies to promote the use of sustainable resources for greater impact.

• ALL stakeholders: promote knowledge through the dissemination and exchange of information, regular consultations, networking initiatives, training, capacity building, and exchange ideas on best practices. The country to become more competitive globally.

ii. The downside of not working together should similarly be communicated

• Duplication of effort leads to a waste of resources. There is evidence that certain of our research institutions could be doing more of the

Objectives 5: Develop and maintain partnerships with scientific community, non state and the private sector actors


same, e.g. Botswana Technology Centre, RIPCO, the National Food Technology Research Centre and the Department of Agricultural Research. Rationalisation of their activities could lead to a better focus, save money and improve delivery.

• Working in isolation could deny stakeholders from taking advantage of cross-country PEI practices in other countries. It could prevent them from building synergies, forging partnerships or taking advantage of resources made possible through the interventions of international organisations or treaties signed by the GOB.

Desired Results 5: Collaboration among stakeholders improves coordination of effort, builds trust, promotes transparency, speeds up project implementation and reduces waste of resources.

b) Outputs and activities

The last objective relates to ‘Element # 4’ of the PEI Botswana Communications and Advocacy Strategy: using channels of communications to disseminate information on policy and decision making processes. It relates to outputs or activities that need to be carried as part of the implementation process.

Investigations leading to the drawing up of this strategy showed that most Government departments use one or more channels outlined below, but hardly any ever researched their communication environments. Very few GOB departments have engagement strategies in place and therefore do not communicate strategically. The private sector prefer workshops and meetings when dealing with Government officials to exchange views or learn about policies and best practices relating to poverty environment and climate change. Non-state players also prefer to be engaged through workshops and meetings. They also engage through normal correspondence channels. A number of key scientific and innovation institutions sit on consultative forums, such as the MSCPRFS or the HLCC.

The degree of interaction between state organs and the other development players varies from one department to another. For instance, the DWMPC and the DFRR take their relationship with environmental NGOs and CBOs very seriously as they consider them indispensable partners in development. They engage them frequently, occasionally outsource work to them and even help them raise funds for research and innovation through external partners. The MFDP, on the other hand, found dealing with the non-state actors problematic.

PEI Botswana needs to engage stakeholders all the time if it is to succeed in increasing knowledge and awareness of its various stakeholders on PE and CC issues. The channels outlined below are already used to some degree or other by PEI partners and can be exploited by the project to disseminate information. PEI Botswana must be mindful of the fact that different stakeholders have their peculiar needs and would require specific channels, or a combination of channels for information dissemination.

The information dissemination process itself is two faceted: (a) imparting knowledge on the PEI agenda with a view to explaining the project’s mandate and (b) engaging stakeholders throughout to entrench a sense of ownership of the project. In terms of implementation, these channels can be used interchangeably. There is no guarantee that the channels will achieve the desired results, which is why monitoring and evaluation of communication processes is vital. There are other factors such as funding which can also impact upon the success of the project. Refer to Tables 2 - 5, in the summary of the Action Plan reflecting the use of channels in communicating PE and CC issues to stakeholders.

Engagement channels that could be used by PEI Botswana to relay messages

The following list of channels is based on current practice within the GOB and other stakeholders. It is not exhaustive.

• Correspondence – involves the issuing of letters, savingrams/memos, phone and fax, e-mail and intranet.

• Meetings – may take the form of face to face interactions, staff, departmental or divisional meetings, workshops and seminars, backgrounder breakfast and luncheon briefings, focus groups,

Objective 6: Disseminate information on work generated by PEI Botswana to facilitate a better understanding of the issues to contribute to policy decision making processes


specialised committees (e.g. Parliamentary committees, village development committees), Kgotla assemblies, policy forums (HLCC or MPIC), symposia and debates. Meetings will normally target all types of PEI stakeholders. They can be held at the beginning of the process, on and on-going basis or at time of exit.

• Interpersonal channels – includes extension work, toll free lines, opinion leaders, phone-ins, video and audio clips.

• Training activities – these will target media and GOB communication units to equip PR officers and journalists with knowledge and skills for reporting on PE and CC issues. Training can be used as a tool for awareness raising as well. PEI type training will most probably be short term.

• Publications – may take the form of brochures, calendar of events, information bulletins/folders, pamphlets, bibliographies, newsletters, quarterly or annual reports, and research and consultancy reports. PEI Botswana should produce pamphlets and brochures that explain its mandate or highlight best practices in Botswana, Africa and elsewhere. Such publications should be updated every now and then, say every three or six months. Publications can be distributed at various types of meetings or, if necessary, during training or presentation sessions.

• Media – may also be used to target all PEI stakeholders. Broadcast and print are the most common mode, but outdoor advertising can also be used to achieve visual impact. Radio Botswana is the most accessible station in the country. Newspapers circulate around urban areas and all publish in English. PEI Botswana could use a combination of earned media and paid media.

The first relates to activities such as press releases, appearances on TV and radio talk shows, newspaper interviews and columns. It is news driven and there is no payment required. But it also requires skill in manipulating the media to publicise such information.

The second relates to media placements for which payment is made by the promoter. Examples include information campaigns, slogans (commonly referred to as ‘jingles’, and popular on radio and TV) and advertisements. Media campaigns may be short term (e.g. sequenced at three months intervals) or they may be long-term (6 – 12 months). For greater impact, media campaigns should be used across all platforms, print and broadcast.

• Public events – these are used for educational and awareness raising purposes. Agricultural, trade, industry, scientific, environmental, disaster awareness days, and other fairs can be exploited by PEI Botswana and its stakeholders to disseminate information on PE and CC issues.

• Public relations (PR) – addresses stakeholder relations, reviews and evaluates feedback and constantly refines delivery of outputs. PR is usually used as a service department by organisations to address the needs of internal and external publics.

• Cultural/social marketing – refers to non-traditional forms of media such as drama, community theatre, ‘infotainment’, jam sessions involving poetry, music or and song, puppetry and debates. This genre will be appropriate for PEI champions that are in the entertainment industry.

• Websites – are vital platforms for archiving and information sharing. Websites can be used interactively. For greater impact, they should be updated regularly. The GOB has introduced E-government portal, with many departments now having access to internet. Many private sector companies, scientific and innovation institutions and media houses also have websites. The non-state actors are lagging behind, though most major umbrella organisations have their own websites.

Desired Result 6: Information generated by PEI Botswana is disseminated through a variety of channels to facilitate a better understanding of PE and CC issues and contribute to policy and decision making processes.


2.5 ACTION PLAN FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION AND TIMELINES FOR DELIVERING OUTPUTS

The Action Plan for public education on PEI targets policy and decision makers with IEC materials, general communication interventions targeting all stakeholders, training of media personnel to enable them to communicate PE and CC messages better and building capacity of civil society organisations to enable them to conduct research, coordinate and integrate PE and CC issues in their plans. The work will be outsourced to partner institutions to be identified by PEI Botswana.

It is proposed that at the beginning of the implementation process PEI Botswana should interact with representatives of these organisations to explore opportunities for partnering with them. The partners should consider forming joint implementation committees for each of the four projects. The committees should advise on the possible deliverables, financial requirements, institutional capacity or developmental needs to facilitate implementation, feedback mechanisms with PEI Botswana, piloting of PE and CC projects to address poverty environment issues and the distribution of the PE and CC communication agenda among these groups.

Oversight would be by the PEI Technical Committee, which will meet periodically to review progress. 2.5.1 Developing IEC materials targeting policy and decision makers to promote public debate on PE and CC issues

PEI Botswana should carry out an audience analysis informed by one-on-one interviews, focus group interactions and desk information on policy and decision makers to inform the development of IEC materials targeting this group of stakeholders. It should then outsource the work of developing the materials, advocacy strategies on PE for policy makers, message scripts, information packs, posters, etc. to a media agency or communication specialist to produce and package the material and mount a campaign. Material based on research outputs is more likely to be convincing and would result in the development of effective messages than would be the case if based on intuitive knowledge.

Once the materials have been developed, PEI Botswana should come up with a plan for

disseminating them to policy and decision makers.

Recommended partner institutions: The work could be outsourced directly by the PEI Botswana Office to a media agency or a Government department such as the Department of Agricultural Information at the Ministry of Agriculture, the Department of Public Health Education, Ministry of Health, the DEA or BGCIS. The first two mentioned have capacity and a wealth of expertise spanning many years developing IEC materials; the last two are fairly new organisations still in transition, but whose scope of work is more relevant to PEI Botswana’s remit.

2.5.2 Promoting public debates targeting all stakeholders

This intervention should target all stakeholders and should be directed at imparting knowledge and raising awareness on PE and CC issues identified in this strategic communication document. The debates should be thematic and should address audiences at national and district level as PEI issues affect people in rural and urban areas alike.

• Laws and policies that hinder the realisation of the ‘PEI vision’ (e.g. the TLGP) – and building a case for their review.

• The EIA Act and its relevance to PE and CC issues.

Baseline study to inform the PEI Botswana Office on the development of IEC materials. The study should have detailed information on the situational analysis, design concept, advocacyinterventions,distribution logistics, modalities for tracking the knowledge and awareness raising campaign and reporting mechanisms to the PEI Technical Committee.

Research report

Monitoring and evaluation report

Description Expected Outputs/Results

PotentialPartners

BGCIS, DEA, DIA & DEAMOAMOH

Activity # 1: Developing IEC Materials for Policy and Decision Makers


• Meeting the challenges for rising energy demands of the economy in the 21st century: what role for non-renewable energy?

• The changing climate and its challenges to Botswana’s economic prosperity: opportunities for local research institutions and industry.

• PEI and the MDGs: A pipe dream?

• Issues of environmental rights and responsibilities - e.g. ‘Do private sector companies that trade in waste have responsibility in safeguarding the environment? Are local authorities doing enough to educate the public on environmental bye-laws and regulations?

PEI Botswana should outsource the services of running the debates to the University of Botswana (say the Department of Economics or Debating Society at that institution), sponsor debates at secondary schools or use the media (TV, radio and print) to promote public discussion by politicians, academics, public servants, development partners and members of the scientific and innovation community.

Both Radio Botswana and the national television station have programmes that address general issues, e.g. ‘Maokaneng’, a two hour interactive programme that allows members of the public to discuss selected topics and ‘Matlho-a-Phage’, a 30 minute debate programme run by Botswana Television on a range of political, socio-economic and environmental issues. In addition, the MOA runs a fortnightly magazine programme ‘Molemi Ithute’ which targets farmers on both the national television station and RB1. Several Government departments have indicated that they are in the process of negotiating slots with the Daily news, TV and Radio.

The privately owned media also encourages public debates for which they do not charge. But they may also be engaged to promote public participation on PE and CC issues through the running of advertisements, posters, radio and TV messages. PEI Botswana should therefore have a budget for paid media.

Recommended partner institutions: UB Department of Economics, the UB Economics Society, MOA, the UB Debating Society, MOE, Somarelang Tikologo, UNDP/GEF and the media.

2.5.3 Engaging media through training to increase their knowledge and reporting of issues

Training of media should aim to impart knowledge to journalists and GOB communicators and extension workers on PE and CC issues as well as raise their awareness on reporting or communicating such issues, especially their linkages to poverty and development.

Within the GOB, PEI could target communicators and extension workers from the DIS, DEA, DFRR, Local Authorities (communication officers VDCs and Scorpions) MOA, DPWMC, Department of Energy Affairs (DEA), WUC and DWA.

Within the private sector training target MISA Botswana to engage private media houses in the training of its members.

Training should be short-term (workshop based) and should address issues relating to laws and policy frameworks and their linkages to PE and CC issues, reporting on PE and CC issues in print, radio and TV, community mobilisation strategies for communicators and media workers, developing engagement strategies for GOB departments and monitoring and evaluating IEC activities relating to PE and CC agendas, training the media to report on biodiversity and sustainable development

Mount a series of policy debates targeting all stakeholders (GOB, civil society, private sector, development partners) through the print and electronic media, schools, university and other public fora on PE linkages to support their integration in policies and plans.

Report by partner institution on strategy for carrying out the debates; periodic reports during the life of the programme.

Monitoring and evaluation report.


PotentialPartners

Electronic and print media houses; UB Dept of Economics; UB Dept of Environmental Science; UB Debating Society; MOE,Somarela Tikologo, UNDP

Activity # 2: Promotion of public debates targeting all stakeholders


issues affecting the poor and good governance in relation to the sustainable use of resources.

PEI Botswana could also assist its partners, especially those from the GOB and the Non-state sectors to tap into policy level training programmes funded by multilateral agencies and regional organisations tenable at institutions of higher learning in Botswana, regionally or overseas. For example, the Department of Environmental Science at the University of Botswana is currently offering short term courses in climate change and other environmental issues, and could be invited to (and possibly collaborate with the Department of Media Studies) in developing training programmes relevant to the media and PEI Botswana’s work.

Recommended partner institutions: MISA Botswana chapter, BGCIS and DIS (mobilisation of media houses and coordination of training programme); University of Botswana Department of Environmental Science, and the Department of media Studies at the same institution.

2.5.4 Capacity building of civil society

The focus of this activity is to develop the capacity of civil society organisations such that they are informed, aware and can conduct research and coordinate their activities to input PE and CC issues in planning and policy making processes.

At the beginning PEI Botswana should interact with representatives of these organisations to explore opportunities for partnering with them. PEI Botswana could form a joint committee for collaboration with the identified partners. The committee could discuss feedback mechanisms with PEI Botswana, training and development

needs, piloting of PE and CC projects to address poverty environment issues and the distribution of the PE and CC communication agenda among these groups.

The joint committee could further be used to exchange information on funding sources or projects (best practice models) that are already operating in other PEI countries in Africa or elsewhere and to which visits by civil society representatives could be arranged. It could inform partners about the existing funds that could be tapped by such groups made possible by PEI development partners such as UNEP, GEF and the World Bank, and others) and address issues relating to resource disbursements and reporting procedures .

PEI Botswana should also assist civil society organisations to streamline their work with that of the GOB on PE and CC issues. The DFRR already works with organisations such as Forestry Association of Botswana, BORAVAST, Permaculture Trust Botswana, Chobe Wildlife Trust and Veld Products Botswana, while the DMWPC already has linkages with Somarelang Tikologo and Tshole Trust. BNYC affiliated organisations are already collaborating with the MTI on investment and trade matters, while the BCC works closely with the OP on disaster management work.

In terms of research, non-state sectors should be encouraged to collaborate with independent consultants and research institutions such as the University of Botswana and scientific and innovation centres such as RIIC, BOTEC and the National Food Technology Resources Centre (NFTRC). Information gained from research should be widely disseminated through workshops, seminars and the media.

Recommended partner institutions: PEI Botswana should target environmental organisations as partners and work with them directly. Conversely, it could go through umbrella NGOs to administer this project. BOCONGO, the BCC and the BNYC could be asked to engage their constituent members. Several of BOCONGO’s members already collaborate with various GOB departments on a number of environmental issues. The UB Department of Environmental Studies, the DFRR, and DWMPC are also potential partners.

2.5.5 Implementation strategies:At the beginning of the engagement process, PEI Botswana should draft agreements with all

Train local journalists and newsroom leaders to increase the media’s awareness of and coverage of PE and CC issues.

Report on training activities


PotentialPartners

MISA Botswana Private media houses BGCIS and DISUB Dept. of Environmental Science, UB Department of Media Studies

Activity # 3: Engaging media through training to increase their knowledge and reporting of PE and CC issues


partner institutions (in Government, civil society, development partner organisations or private sector) describing each programme component, resources available and how the project would advance the course of PEI in Botswana. Specific conditions outlining the relationship between PEI Botswana and the partner institution, as well as management and disbursement procedures would be stated in the agreement. PEI Botswana should ensure that where capacity is lacking, or there is need for improvement, it would assist with the strengthening of institutional capacity.

2.5.6 Programme management and coordination:

PEI Botswana should consider engaging a communication specialist to oversee the administration of the communication and advocacy programme. Responsibilities should include

developing internal and external communication functions for the office, liaison with all PEI stakeholders, preparing reports for the Technical Committee, commissioning of projects, following up on reporting and evaluation. The person should report directly to the head of the PEI Team. Funds for this have not been provided, but provision has been made in the support frameworks for the PEI Office to source additional funds should this be necessary. The rates payable should be at the level of other programme officers within the organisation.

2.5.7 Timing of Implementation: Funding is limited to the First Phase (2010 – 2011). Since it would take time to set up the infrastructure, it is recommended that project implementation be spread over 16 months.

2.6 Budgeting and Time Frames

The PEI Botswana office has a communications budget of USD300 000 (circa BWP 2 million) to be spent over a two year period (USD150 000 p.a.) The money is to be used for projects identified at paragraph 2.4 above. In terms of the project memorandum, PEI Botswana could also raise additional funds to bolster its capacity for delivery of communication outcomes. (Refer to Chart 2 below)

The following work plan and budget assumes that the activities would be cascaded over 16 months of the two year implementation period. Implementation of the Action Plan may only be possible once the PEI Office has been set up.

Promote civil society capacity, awareness, coordination and research in order to input PE and CC issues in planning and policy making processes.

Training and research reports.

Monitoring and evaluation report.


PotentialPartners

BOCONGO, BCC, DFRR, DWMPC, Environmental CBOs/NGOs, UB Dept of Environmental Science

Activity # 4: Building capacity of civil society organisations


1. D

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2.7 Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)

This section addresses the last element of the strategy, monitoring and evaluation (M&E). Monitoring deals with the collection of information in the course of the development of a project. By tracking outputs and activities as the work goes along, it is possible to address pitfalls as they occur at an earlier stage and undertake corrective action. Evaluation is about measuring impact. Monitoring and evaluation allows for the prudent use of resources since these can be reallocated to address other critical areas of intervention during the life of a project or campaign.

Oversight of the monitoring and evaluation of the PEI Communications and Advocacy IEC activities will be by the PEI Technical Committee, which will in turn report to the MSCPRFS. The PEI Office will advise its implementation partners on the approach to the M&E process (e.g. training of partners on the M&E framework), the time frames for evaluation and the lead time for reporting.

In terms of the UNDAF Guidelines on project implementation, evaluation should be linked to performance in the achievement of goals. The M&E Matrix at Table 12 uses the UNDAF M&E Framework as its point of reference.


Biodiversity wealth and sustainable utilisation: Impart knowledge and raise public awareness of the importance of preserving ecosystem to preserve the country’s diversity wealth for posterity.

Land and rangeland degradation: Advocacy and IEC issues around the rehabilitation of agricultural and rangeland to increase productivity and improve people’s livelihoods.

Water resources management: Integrate sustainable Raise public awareness around issues relating to water usage techniques; use waste water for agricultural and industrial production; preservation of rainwater for domestic and animal use and conservation of potable, rain and waste water.

Energy resources management: Promote clean technologies for industrial production of non-renewable resources. Reduce dependence on firewood to address deforestation and exposure to pollution

Pollution and waste management: Raise public awareness around issues relating waste disposal, domestic and industrial water, fuel spillages

Climate change issues. Educate framers on these issues and widely disseminate information relating weather conditions, mitigation strategies and the use of best practices to promote productivity.

An educated an informed nation

A prosperous, innovative and productive nation

As above

A safe and secure nation A compassionate and caring nation

A safe and secure nation

A safe and secure nation

NDP10: Sustained economic growth 5Ds – Development and prosperity NEESAP- promotion environmental Education

NDP10 – Sustained economic growth;NPAD- Improved food security 5Ds – Improved delivery of servicesTGLP – Improved rangeland management

NDP10; NPAD – As above5Ds – Improved quality of life. A dignifiednation

NPD10 – Improved infrastructure 5Ds – Improved deliveryNEP – Reduction in use of firewood. Greater use of alternative energy sources such as the sun and biomass gasNSSD – Integrate issues relating to

NDP10: - Sustained economic growth; economic diversification through the combined use of renewable and no-renewable sources of energyNSSD – Integrate policy issues relating to use of potable and waste water in development planning to benefit general population

NDP10 and 5Ds – Promotion of good governance and security NSSD – Development of strategies and frameworks that enhance food security and enhanced adaptionto address climate change issues

Environment communication Issue Vision 2016 Pillar GOB Plans & Strategies

Communication and the National Vision Table 1Objective 2: Linking communication of PE and CC issues to the delivery of the National Vision, Plans and StrategiesOutput: A vision based on national and international development objectives, indicators and targets for successIndicators: # of reports prepared at sectoral, district and national levelTarget: 2016

III. IMPLEMENTATION MATRICES


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vent

orie

s o

n ve

ldt

pro

duc

ts

and

oth

er n

atur

al re

sour

ces)

th

at c

oul

d b

e ha

rnes

sed

for

com

mer

cial

use

and

cha

lleng

es

pre

sent

ed b

y th

e PE

Initi

ativ

e to

mee

t th

e M

DG

s b

y 20

15.

Invi

te t

hem

to

sub

mit

idea

s fo

r co

llab

ora

tion

with

oth

er

stak

eho

lder

s. M

oun

t aw

aren

ess

rais

ing

cam

pai

gns

with

the

G

OB

and

its

dev

elo

pm

ent

par

tner

s to

sen

sitis

e th

em.

- Se

nsiti

satio

n o

r b

usin

ess

pro

mo

tions

w

ork

sho

ps;

sem

inar

s o

n la

ws,

reg

ulat

ions

, bye

-la

ws,

bus

ines

s/tr

ade

fairs

and

exh

ibiti

ons

; co

nsul

tativ

e m

eetin

gs/

conf

eren

ces

rela

ting

to

p

olic

y, t

echn

olo

gy

or

go

vern

men

t p

lans

to

p

rom

ote

sus

tain

able

us

e o

f res

our

ces

in

par

tner

ship

with

ind

ustr

y an

d c

om

mer

ce;

- Le

tter

s o

f inv

itatio

n to

in

div

idua

l co

mp

anie

s,

sup

plie

rs o

r ne

two

rks

with

an

inte

rest

in t

he

sup

ply

and

dem

and

sid

e o

f pro

duc

ts t

o w

ork

sho

ps,

se

min

ars

or

pre

sent

atio

ns.

Num

ber

of w

ork

sho

p

rep

ort

s

Num

ber

of m

edia

re

po

rts

pub

lishe

d

Web

site

s

BO

CC

IM,

Bo

tsw

ana

Exp

ort

ers

Ass

oci

atio

n,

BN

YC

Stak

eho

lder

Co

mm

unic

atio

n In

terv

enti

on

by

PE

I Bo

tsw

ana

Med

ium

Mea

ns o

f V

erifi

cati

on

Imp

lem

enti

ng

Ag

enci

es

Eng

agem

ent

stra

teg

ies

for

pri

vate

sec

tor

stak

eho

lder

s us

ing

var

ious

cha

nnel

s o

f co

mm

unic

atio

n

Ob

ject

ives

1, 3,

5 &

6:

Tar

get

ing

sta

keho

lder

s to

elic

it b

uy in

and

wid

ely

dis

sem

inat

ing

info

rmat

ion

on

PE

I

Tab

le 3

Incr

ease

d p

rivat

e se

cto

r p

artic

ipat

ion

in P

E

pro

ject

s, le

adin

g t

o a

n im

pro

ved

inve

stm

ent

mar

ket.

Out

com

es

45 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY


Res

earc

h an

d

Inno

vatio

n Pa

rtne

r In

stitu

tions

Inte

rnat

iona

l E

nviro

nmen

t Te

chni

cal

Dev

elo

pm

ent

&

Fund

ing

Ag

enci

es

Reg

iona

l and

M

ultil

ater

al

Env

ironm

enta

l O

rgan

isat

ions

&

Co

nven

tions

Med

ia

Info

rm t

hem

ab

out

PE

I. M

oun

t p

ublic

and

offi

cial

co

nsul

tatio

ns o

n re

sear

ch,

pro

ject

dev

elo

pm

ent

and

p

ublic

ed

ucat

ion

and

tra

inin

g

op

po

rtun

ities

; site

vis

its

Offi

cial

inte

ract

ions

on

po

tent

ial t

echn

ical

and

fina

ncia

l as

sist

ance

to

the

PE

I pro

ject

an

d it

s p

artn

ers.

Exc

hang

e in

form

atio

n

Faci

litat

e tr

aini

ng in

ad

voca

cy

and

aw

aren

ess

rais

ing

on

PEI

and

CC

issu

es fo

r jo

urna

lists

an

d n

ewsr

oo

m le

ader

s.

Cro

ss v

isits

, mee

ting

s an

d w

ork

sho

ps

to

exch

ang

e id

eas;

B

asel

ine

stu

die

s&

p

ilot

pro

ject

s. M

eetin

gs,

co

nfer

ence

s an

d w

ork

sho

ps

with

th

e G

OB

, b

usin

ess,

ci

vil s

oci

ety

and

oth

er

par

ties.

Web

site

s, w

ork

sho

ps

and

sem

inar

s

Trai

ning

wo

rksh

op

s an

d

sem

inar

s. F

ace

to fa

ce

mee

ting

s.

• B

oo

klet

on

out

reac

h ac

tiviti

es

• R

esea

rch

find

ing

s •

Web

site

s p

ost

ing

s •

Num

ber

of m

edia

re

po

rts

pub

lishe

d

Num

ber

of w

ork

sho

p

rep

ort

s

Num

ber

of w

ork

sho

p

rep

ort

s

Num

ber

of t

rain

ing

an

d w

ork

sho

p re

po

rts

Leve

l of a

war

enes

s o

f PE

I act

iviti

es r

aise

d.

Imp

rove

d c

olla

bo

ratio

n an

d n

etw

ork

ing

am

ong

par

tner

s.

Res

earc

h an

d p

ilotin

g w

ill le

ad t

o

dev

elo

pm

ent

of b

est

pra

ctic

es a

nd d

eep

en

und

erst

and

ing

of e

ach

oth

er’s

wo

rk. I

t w

oul

d

also

co

ntrib

ute

to a

bo

dy

of k

now

led

ge

to b

e d

isse

min

ated

thr

oug

h ap

pro

pria

te c

hann

els.

Pro

ject

pro

po

sals

and

fea

sib

ility

stu

die

s le

adin

g t

o e

xten

sio

n o

f sm

all

and

oth

er

gra

nts

to fa

cilit

ate

tria

lsSu

pp

ort

to

sec

tora

l pro

gra

mm

es t

arg

etin

g

GO

B d

epar

tmen

ts, p

rivat

e se

cto

r, lo

cal

auth

orit

ies,

and

civ

il so

ciet

y p

artn

ers.

Sup

po

rt t

o s

ecto

ral p

rog

ram

mes

to

all

stak

eho

lder

s.

Info

rmed

rep

ort

ing

on

PE a

nd C

C is

sues

. W

ider

dis

sem

inat

ion

of i

nfo

rmat

ion.

Im

pro

ved

rela

tions

with

med

ia h

ous

es.

Stak

eho

lder

Co

mm

unic

atio

n In

terv

enti

on

by

PE

I Bo

tsw

ana

Med

ium

Mea

ns o

f V

erifi

cati

on

Out

com

es

Eng

agem

ent

stra

teg

ies

for

dev

elo

pm

ent

par

tner

s us

ing

var

ious

cha

nnel

s o

f co

mm

unic

atio

n

Ob

ject

ive

1, 3,

5 &

6 T

arg

etin

g r

esea

rch

and

inno

vati

on

st

akeh

old

ers

to e

licit

buy

in a

nd w

idel

y d

isse

min

atin

g in

form

atio

n o

n P

EI

Tab

le 4

46 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY


Env

ironm

enta

l N

GO

s an

d C

BO

s

Co

mm

uniti

es

Volu

ntar

y Se

rvic

e O

rgan

isat

ions

Eng

age

them

on

PE. I

ncen

tivis

e th

em t

hro

ugh

fund

ing

of

cap

acity

b

uild

ing

, pub

lic e

duc

atio

n an

d

rese

arch

• Se

nsiti

se t

hem

ab

out

PE

I B

ots

wan

a’s

wo

rk.

• C

ons

ult

com

mun

ities

ab

out

the

p

roce

sses

and

tap

into

ind

igen

ous

kn

ow

led

ge

syst

ems

for

dea

ling

w

ith re

sour

ce m

anag

emen

t is

sues

and

bus

ines

s o

pp

ort

uniti

es

in e

nviro

nmen

t to

pro

mo

te

sust

aina

ble

dev

elo

pm

ent.

•

Mo

unt

pub

lic e

duc

atio

n ca

mp

aig

ns o

n a

bro

ad r

ang

e o

f iss

ues

(e.g

. env

ironm

enta

l le

gis

latio

n; IK

S an

d s

cien

tific

tech

niq

ues

for

curb

ing

vel

dt

fires

; har

vest

ing

vel

dt

pro

duc

ts;

mar

ketin

g a

nd s

ale

of p

rod

ucts

.•

Trai

n N

GO

/CB

Os

Info

rm t

hem

ab

out

exi

sten

ce o

f th

e p

roje

ct a

nd e

ngag

e th

em o

n d

isas

ter

man

agem

ent

issu

e

Wo

rksh

op

s, le

tter

s an

d

trai

ning

sem

inar

s

Kg

otla

mee

ting

s; m

edia

(r

adio

, TV

and

pre

ss),

as w

ell a

s co

mm

unity

in

itiat

ives

(e.g

. ref

use

colle

ctio

n d

ays)

, mus

ic,

com

mem

ora

tive

even

ts

and

fairs

. St

ruct

ured

tra

inin

g

wo

rksh

op

sW

ork

sho

ps

and

se

min

ars.

Num

ber

wo

rksh

op

an

d t

rain

ing

Rep

ort

s B

oo

klet

on

activ

ities

Num

ber

med

ia

rep

ort

s

Trai

ning

Rep

ort

s

Med

ia R

epo

rts

Env

ironm

enta

l N

GO

s

Env

ironm

enta

l N

GO

s

BC

C, R

ed

Cro

ss,

BC

W a

nd

YWC

A

Stak

eho

lder

Co

mm

unic

atio

n In

terv

enti

on

by

PE

I Bo

tsw

ana

Med

ium

Mea

ns o

f V

erifi

cati

on

Imp

lem

enti

ng

Ag

enci

es

Eng

agem

ent

stra

teg

ies

for

non-

stat

e ac

tors

usi

ng v

ario

us c

hann

els

of

com

mun

icat

ion

Ob

ject

ive

1, 3

, 5 &

6 T

arg

etin

g s

take

hold

ers

to e

licit

buy

in a

nd w

idel

y d

isse

min

atin

g in

form

atio

n o

n P

EI

Tab

le 5

Imp

rove

d c

oo

per

atio

n w

ith t

he P

EI P

roje

ct.

Pro

file

of N

GO

s in

co

mm

uniti

es r

aise

d o

nce

thei

r im

ple

men

tatio

n an

d c

apac

ity b

uild

ing

Co

mm

uniti

es w

ill

bec

om

e ag

ents

of

chan

ge

onc

e th

ey fe

el

they

are

bei

ng in

volv

ed

by

the

pro

ject

.

The

org

anis

atio

ns w

ill

buy

into

the

pro

ject

and

su

pp

ort

its

wo

rk

Out

com

es

47 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY


48 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY

Priv

ate

Sect

or

(HA

TAB

, B

WM

A, G

ame

farm

s, e

tc.)

ME

WT/

DFR

R

MTI

/DIA

ME

WT/

DO

T

They

are

po

wer

ful f

or

emp

loym

ent

gen

erat

ion

and

co

ntrib

ute

to G

DP

and

imp

rove

men

t o

f qua

lity

of l

ife. T

he s

ecto

r p

enet

rate

s a

wid

e sp

ectr

um o

f o

ther

sec

tors

.

Form

ulat

e p

olic

ies

and

str

ateg

ies

for

natu

ral

reso

urce

s co

nser

vatio

n, m

anag

emen

t an

d

utili

satio

n

They

see

k to

div

ersi

fy t

he e

cono

my

by

pro

mo

ting

p

artic

ipat

ion

of l

oca

l e

ntre

pre

neur

s at

all

leve

ls o

f in

dus

try

thro

ugh

var

ious

po

licy

inst

rum

ents

(e.g

. re

gul

atio

ns a

nd d

irect

ives

) The

lic

ense

co

mp

anie

s an

d p

rom

ote

wo

od

craf

ts a

nd t

extil

es in

dus

trie

s.

DO

T is

resp

ons

ible

for

po

licy

and

str

ateg

y fo

rmul

atio

n an

d re

view

. The

y ha

ve s

tro

ng

influ

ence

but

with

lim

ited

reac

h d

ue t

o t

he fa

ct

that

the

y ar

e b

eing

sup

erse

ded

by

BTB

. The

y ha

ve

influ

ence

ove

r p

rivat

e se

cto

r/b

usin

ess

inte

rest

s si

nce

they

issu

e to

uris

m li

cenc

es a

nd m

oni

tor

com

plia

nce

(op

erat

iona

l).

Sust

aina

ble

env

ironm

enta

l bus

ines

s p

ract

ices

are

pro

fitab

le a

nd in

line

with

g

oo

d c

orp

ora

te s

oci

al re

spo

nsib

ility

.

Pro

mo

tion

of

com

mun

ity p

artic

ipat

ion

in

the

sust

aina

ble

man

agem

ent

of n

atur

al

reso

urce

s fo

r im

pro

vem

ent

of l

ivel

iho

od

s.

Soun

d e

nviro

nmen

tal m

anag

emen

t tr

ansl

ates

to

sus

tain

able

/lo

ng t

erm

bus

ines

s o

pp

ort

uniti

es.

Pro

mo

tion

of p

ro-p

oo

r en

viro

nmen

tal

po

licie

s, p

ract

ices

and

sta

ndar

ds

st

imul

ates

ind

ustr

ial g

row

th a

nd e

cono

mic

d

iver

sific

atio

n.

Env

ironm

enta

l po

licie

s w

hich

are

resp

ons

ive

to t

he n

eed

s o

f lo

cal e

ntre

pre

neur

s ar

e lik

ely

to s

pur

suc

h p

eop

le t

o b

eco

me

mo

re

pro

duc

tive

and

co

mp

etiti

ve, l

ead

ing

to

g

reat

er im

po

rt s

ubst

itutio

n an

d e

cono

mic

d

iver

sific

atio

n.

Sust

aina

ble

to

uris

m p

rom

ote

s p

ove

rty

red

uctio

n an

d re

venu

e g

ener

atio

n.

Cha

mb

er o

f Co

mm

erce

, H

igh

Leve

l Co

nsul

tativ

e C

onf

eren

ce (G

OB

/p

rivat

e se

cto

r).

Hig

h Le

vel C

ons

ulta

tive

Co

nfer

ence

s. P

olic

y m

aker

s

Cha

mb

ers

of c

om

mer

ce,

HLC

C, G

OB

/priv

ate

sect

or

cons

ulta

tive

mee

ting

s

Face

to

face

brie

fing

s;

pub

lishe

d m

ater

ials

b

ased

on

evid

ence

.

BO

CC

IM, B

EM

APa

rliam

enta

ry

com

mitt

ees

and

ch

amp

ions

.

Res

earc

h In

stitu

tions

DE

A a

nd D

WN

P

BE

MA

, BO

CC

IM,

CE

DA

, BE

DIA

, B

NPC

, BO

BS,

Lo

cal A

utho

ritie

s an

d M

LHA

Res

earc

h in

stitu

tions

C

om

mun

icat

ion

exp

erts

and

ch

amp

ions

.

KE

Y

STA

KE

HO

LDE

RR

OLE

OF

STA

KE

HO

LDE

RM

ESS

AG

EC

OM

MU

NIC

ATI

ON

C

HA

NN

ELS

PAR

TNE

RS

Key

PE

I sta

keho

lder

s an

d m

essa

ges

wit

h re

spec

t to

cha

lleng

es &

op

po

rtun

itie

s p

rese

nted

by

bio

div

ersi

ty c

ons

erva

tio

n an

d s

usta

inab

le u

tilis

atio

n o

f re

sour

ces

THE

ME

1: B

IOD

IVE

RSI

TY C

ON

SER

VA

TIO

N A

ND

SU

STA

INA

BLE

UTI

LISA

TIO

N O

F R

ESO

UR

CE

S [R

efer

to

2.3

(a)]

ME

SSA

GE

: In

vest

ing

in h

ealt

hy e

cosy

stem

s an

d b

iod

iver

sity

pro

vid

es r

even

ue a

nd s

usta

ins

com

mun

itie

s

Tab

le 6

Ove

rall

PE

I Mes

sag

e: S

usta

inab

le u

tilis

atio

n o

f env

ironm

ent

and

nat

ural

reso

urce

s is

ess

entia

l fo

r g

row

th,

po

vert

y re

duc

tion

and

the

ach

ieve

men

t o

f Bo

tsw

ana’

s na

tiona

l dev

elo

pm

ent

ob

ject

ives

(inc

lud

ing

the

MD

Gs)

.


49 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY

ME

WT/

BTB

ME

WT/

DW

MPC

an

d D

FRR

ME

WT/

DE

A

Polic

y fo

rmul

atio

n o

n na

tura

l res

our

ce u

se

and

ben

efit

shar

ing

(CB

NR

M p

olic

y.)

A p

ow

erfu

l par

asta

tal w

ith a

rap

idly

in

crea

sing

man

dat

e in

to

uris

m d

evel

op

men

t in

clud

ing

CB

NR

M. T

hey

are

the

sole

re

pre

sent

ativ

es o

f Bo

tsw

ana

tour

ism

bo

th

natio

nally

and

inte

rnat

iona

lly. T

hey

yiel

d

po

wer

ove

r C

BO

s an

d t

he p

rivat

e se

cto

r.

Polic

y fo

rmul

atio

n o

n na

tura

l res

our

ce u

se

and

ben

efit

shar

ing

(CB

NR

M p

olic

y.)

DE

A o

vers

ees

am

ong

oth

er e

nviro

nmen

tal

la

ws

and

pro

toco

ls, t

he C

onv

entio

n o

n B

iolo

gic

al D

iver

sity

.

Soun

d e

nviro

nmen

tal m

anag

emen

t m

akes

Bo

tsw

ana

an a

ttra

ctiv

e to

uris

m d

estin

atio

n.

Co

mm

uniti

es w

ill t

o m

anag

e th

e en

viro

nmen

t in

a s

usta

inab

le m

anne

r if

they

ben

efit

mea

ning

fully

fro

m

thei

r us

e.

Co

mm

uniti

es w

ill c

ons

erve

b

iod

iver

sity

if t

here

is a

ben

efit

for

them

to

real

ise.

As

abo

ve.

Dia

log

ue w

ith t

he

dep

artm

ent

Co

nsul

tativ

e m

eetin

gs

bet

wee

n co

mm

unity

re

pre

sent

ativ

e an

d

po

licy

mak

ers

Brie

fing

no

tes

bas

ed o

n ev

iden

ce.

Inte

rdep

artm

enta

l d

ialo

gue

, co

nsul

tativ

e m

eetin

gs

bet

wee

n co

mm

unity

re

pre

sent

ativ

es a

nd

po

licy

mak

ers,

face

to

fa

ce in

tera

ctio

ns a

nd

brie

fing

s b

ased

on

rese

arch

or

evid

ence

RO

LE O

F ST

AK

EH

OLD

ER

/P

ER

CE

PTI

ON

ME

SSA

GE

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N

CH

AN

NE

LS

PAR

TNE

RS

Co

ntin

ued

Tab

le 6

KE

Y

STA

KE

HO

LDE

R

Res

earc

h in

stitu

tions

Co

mm

unic

atio

n ex

per

ts a

nd

cham

pio

ns.

Res

earc

h in

stitu

tions

; MLG

BE

MA

, BO

CC

IM,

BE

DIA

, Lo

cal

Aut

horit

ies,

M

LHA

and

en

viro

nmen

tal

NG

Os

and

CB

Os.


50 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY

Key

Sta

keho

lder

s an

d M

essa

ges

wit

h re

spec

t to

clim

atic

cha

nge

cond

itio

ns

MO

A

DFR

R

DE

A

Pro

mo

tes

the

inte

gra

tion

of s

usta

inab

le

land

and

wat

er c

ons

erva

tion

mea

sure

s in

key

ag

ricul

tura

l pla

ns p

rog

ram

mes

. Th

e M

OA

has

influ

ence

ove

r fa

rmer

s th

roug

h its

ext

ensi

on

serv

ices

and

m

oni

torin

g a

nd e

valu

atio

n w

ork

.

• Pr

om

ote

s th

e p

lant

ing

of i

ndig

eno

us

pla

nt s

pec

ies

and

is e

ngag

ed in

tr

aini

ng, i

nfo

rmat

ion

dis

sem

inat

ion

and

p

ublic

ed

ucat

ion

of c

om

mun

ities

and

th

e g

ener

al p

ublic

.

• Fo

rmul

ates

po

licie

s an

d s

trat

egie

s fo

r m

itig

atin

g c

limat

e ch

ang

e th

roug

h fo

rest

ry p

ract

ices

The

dep

artm

ent

man

dat

e in

clud

es

adm

inis

trat

ion

of t

he E

IA A

ct a

nd

pilo

ting

of a

ltern

ativ

e so

urce

s o

f en

erg

y.

Stre

ngth

enin

g in

teg

ratio

n o

f sus

tain

able

la

nd a

nd w

ater

co

nser

vatio

n m

easu

res

in

dev

elo

pm

ent

pla

nnin

g e

nhan

ces

agric

ultu

ral

pro

duc

tivity

as

wel

l as

the

coun

try’

s fo

od

se

curit

y ta

rget

s.

• Su

stai

nab

le m

anag

emen

t o

f fo

rest

and

ra

ngel

and

reso

urce

s in

crea

ses

op

po

rtun

ities

for

bio

div

ersi

ty c

ons

erva

tion

and

has

po

tent

ial t

o

imp

rove

the

live

liho

od

s o

f the

rur

al p

oo

r.

• C

limat

e ch

ang

e ha

s im

plic

atio

ns o

n fo

od

se

curit

y, lo

ss o

f bio

div

ersi

ty, d

eser

tifica

tion

and

fo

rest

reso

urce

co

nser

vatio

n, a

ll o

f whi

ch c

all f

or

a m

ultid

imen

sio

nal a

pp

roac

h in

ord

er t

o re

dre

ss

the

pro

ble

m.

Mai

nstr

eam

ing

leg

isla

tive

and

reg

ulat

ory

fr

amew

ork

s is

ess

entia

l to

str

ateg

ical

ly

man

age

the

coun

try’

s b

iod

iver

sity

wea

lth, t

he

pre

serv

atio

n o

f whi

ch c

an b

enefi

t th

e co

untr

y.

Sup

po

rt fo

r en

viro

nmen

tally

frie

ndly

law

s an

d

po

licie

s w

ill e

nhan

ce t

he c

ont

ribut

ion

of n

atur

al

reso

urce

s in

alle

viat

ing

po

vert

y –

and

the

lik

ely

cost

s an

d b

enefi

ts o

f mea

sure

s to

tac

kle

envi

ronm

enta

l deg

rad

atio

n.

Parli

amen

tary

co

mm

ittee

s,

field

and

sp

ecia

l eve

nts

invo

lvin

g fa

rmer

s an

d

mem

ber

s o

f the

pub

lic.

Parli

amen

tary

co

mm

ittee

s,

kgo

tla m

eetin

gs,

wo

rksh

op

s an

d s

emin

ars,

tre

e p

lant

ing

d

ays.

• H

igh

Leve

l Co

nsul

tativ

e C

onf

eren

ce; P

olic

y m

aker

s

Med

ia, P

arlia

men

tary

C

om

mitt

ee o

n E

nviro

nmen

t an

d A

gric

ultu

re,

Parli

amen

tary

C

om

mitt

ee o

n Po

pul

atio

n &

Su

stai

nab

le D

evel

op

men

t ,

spec

ial e

vent

s , m

edia

Farm

ers

and

co

mm

uniti

es, D

MS,

Rur

al

Dev

elo

pm

ent

Co

unci

l

Parli

amen

t, D

EA

, DM

S,

DW

NP,

GE

F, G

TZ

(Ger

man

Tec

hnic

al

Dev

elo

pm

ent

Co

op

erat

ion

Org

anis

atio

n).

Parli

amen

t, N

atio

nal

Co

mm

ittee

on

Clim

ate

Cha

nge,

DFR

R, D

WN

P,

Loca

l Aut

horit

ies,

co

mm

uniti

es, p

olit

icia

ns,

dev

elo

pm

ent

par

tner

s an

d c

ham

pio

ns.

KE

Y

STA

KE

HO

LDE

RR

OLE

OF

STA

KE

HO

LDE

R /

PE

RC

EP

TIO

NM

ESS

AG

EC

OM

MU

NIC

ATI

ON

C

HA

NN

ELS

PAR

TNE

RS

THE

ME

1:

CH

AN

GIN

G C

LIM

ATE

[Ref

er t

o 2

.3 (b

)]M

essa

ge:

“A

wel

l co

ord

inat

ed re

spo

nse

to c

limat

e ch

ang

e ac

ross

sec

tors

will

red

uce

the

imp

act

of o

n th

e p

oo

r an

d m

ost

vul

nera

ble

”

Ove

rall

PE

I Mes

sag

e: C

oo

rdin

atio

n an

d h

arm

oni

satio

n o

f clim

ate

chan

ge

issu

es, w

hich

imp

act

neg

ativ

ely

on

the

po

or

and

vul

nera

ble

of o

ur s

oci

ety,

will

p

rep

are

the

coun

try

to t

ackl

e cl

imat

e ch

ang

e th

roug

h ad

apta

tion

mea

sure

s w

ithin

the

co

ntex

t o

f the

nat

iona

l dev

elo

pm

ent

fram

ewo

rk a

nd t

he M

DG

s

Tab

le 7


51 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY

EA

D

It is

resp

ons

ible

for

sust

aina

ble

en

erg

y p

rovi

sio

n an

d d

eman

d

man

agem

ent;

ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y an

d

man

agem

ent

and

mak

ing

car

bo

n fin

anci

ng a

cces

sib

le.

Use

of c

lean

tec

hno

log

ies

and

the

pla

ntin

g

of t

rees

will

ass

ist

in t

he s

usta

inab

le u

se o

f re

sour

ces,

red

uce

atm

osp

heric

gas

em

issi

ons

ca

used

by

coal

and

fuel

wo

od

, and

cre

ate

inco

me

gen

erat

ing

op

po

rtun

ities

for

the

po

or.

As

abo

ve

DM

S, B

PC, c

om

mun

ities

an

d p

olit

icia

ns.

KE

Y

STA

KE

HO

LDE

RR

OLE

OF

STA

KE

HO

LDE

R /

PE

RC

EP

TIO

NM

ESS

AG

EC

OM

MU

NIC

ATI

ON

C

HA

NN

ELS

PAR

TNE

RS

THE

ME

1:

CH

AN

GIN

G C

LIM

ATE

[Ref

er t

o 2

.3 (b

)]M

essa

ge:

“A

wel

l co

ord

inat

ed re

spo

nse

to c

limat

e ch

ang

e ac

ross

sec

tors

will

red

uce

the

imp

act

of o

n th

e p

oo

r an

d m

ost

vul

nera

ble

”

Co

ntin

ued

Tab

le 7


MM

EW

R/

EA

D

BPC

The

dep

artm

ent

is re

spo

nsib

le fo

r fo

rmul

atio

n o

f Ene

rgy

po

licy

and

has

an

influ

ence

on

whe

ther

ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y an

d

pro

mo

tion

of r

enew

able

ene

rgy

sour

ces

is p

rom

ote

d. P

oo

r p

eop

le d

epen

d t

o a

la

rge

exte

nt o

n fir

ewo

od

whi

ch t

hrea

tens

th

e b

iod

iver

sity

and

put

s a

lot

of s

trai

n o

n w

om

en a

nd c

hild

ren

who

are

the

one

s w

ho

take

the

resp

ons

ibili

ty fo

r w

oo

d c

olle

ctio

n.

The

BPC

sup

plie

s g

rid e

lect

ricity

, so

lar,

coal

an

d b

iom

ass

to t

he g

ener

al p

ublic

and

In

dus

try.

It h

as in

fluen

ce o

ver

pric

es.

• R

enew

able

ene

rgy

is c

lean

a

nd

envi

ronm

ent

frie

ndly

hea

lthy.

• A

ltern

ativ

e so

urce

s o

f ene

rgy

wo

uld

p

rovi

de

acce

ss t

o c

lean

ene

rgy

and

co

ntrib

ute

to g

reat

er h

uman

d

evel

op

men

t.

• Pr

ovi

sio

n o

f affo

rdab

le re

new

able

en

erg

y w

ill p

rom

ote

rur

al

dev

elo

pm

ent,

alle

viat

e p

ove

rty

and

imp

rove

the

qua

lity

of l

ife fo

r ru

ral d

wel

lers

in li

ne w

ith N

DP1

0 o

bje

ctiv

es.

• In

crea

sed

num

ber

s o

f p

oo

r p

eop

le

will

hav

e ac

cess

to

ene

rgy

sour

ces

if m

ore

alte

rnat

ives

are

pro

vid

ed.

Kg

otla

mee

ting

s,

wo

rksh

op

s an

d s

emin

ars

Kg

otla

mee

ting

s,

wo

rksh

op

s an

d s

emin

ars;

fa

ce t

o fa

ce in

tera

ctio

ns

BPC

, DE

A a

nd

com

mun

ities

B

OTE

C, R

IIC,

priv

ate

sect

or,

envi

ronm

enta

l N

GO

s an

d C

BO

s.

Rur

al B

usin

ess

Uni

t,

GE

F, s

upp

liers

of

rene

wab

le e

nerg

y g

adg

ets

in t

he

priv

ate

sect

or,

rura

l co

mm

uniti

es a

nd

cham

pio

ns.

RO

LE O

F ST

AK

EH

OLD

ER

M

ESS

AG

EC

OM

MU

NIC

ATI

ON

C

HA

NN

ELS

PAR

TNE

RS

THE

ME

3:

AC

CE

SS T

O E

NE

RG

Y [R

efer

to

2.3

(c)]

Mes

sag

e: “

Imp

rove

d a

cces

s to

rene

wab

le e

nerg

y fo

r al

l lea

ds

to im

pro

ved

hea

lth, m

aint

ains

so

ils a

nd fo

rest

s, a

nd re

duc

es t

he b

urd

en o

n w

om

en

and

chi

ldre

n”

Ove

rall

PE

I Mes

sag

e: In

vest

men

ts in

act

iviti

es w

hich

incr

ease

ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y an

d a

cces

s to

cl

eane

r en

erg

ies

will

ben

efit

the

po

or

and

als

o re

duc

e d

efo

rest

atio

n an

d la

nd d

egra

dat

ion.

Key

PE

I sta

keho

lder

s an

d m

essa

ges

wit

h re

spec

t to

cha

lleng

es &

op

po

rtun

itie

s p

rese

nted

by

rene

wab

le e

nerg

y Ta

ble

8: KE

Y

STA

KE

HO

LDE

R

Key

Sta

keho

lder

s an

d M

essa

ges

wit

h re

spec

t to

clim

atic

cha

nge

cond

itio

ns

52 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY


53 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY

MO

A/D

AP

&

DE

S

MO

A/D

AR

MO

A/D

CP

Pro

vid

e q

ualit

y, e

xten

sio

n an

d t

rain

ing

se

rvic

es t

o fa

rmer

s, r

ural

co

mm

uniti

es

and

oth

er s

take

hold

ers

in o

rder

to

p

rovi

de

a su

stai

nab

le li

vest

ock

ind

ustr

y.

It h

as in

fluen

ce o

ver

rang

elan

d

man

agem

ent

pra

ctic

es a

nd fa

rmer

s.

Dev

elo

ps

and

pro

mo

tes

inno

vativ

e an

d

app

rop

riate

tec

hno

log

ies

to im

pro

ve

pro

duc

tivity

thr

oug

h ef

ficie

nt u

se o

f ag

ricul

tura

l res

our

ces.

Stim

ulat

es t

he d

evel

op

men

t an

d

gro

wth

of a

gric

ultu

ral p

rod

uctio

n b

y p

rom

otin

g t

he a

do

ptio

n o

f har

dy

cro

p

varie

ties,

faci

litat

ing

bet

ter

met

hod

s o

f far

min

g, c

aref

ul u

se o

f so

ils a

nd

ado

ptio

n o

f ap

pro

pria

te t

echn

olo

gie

s.

Pro

vid

es

vete

rinar

y se

rvic

es t

o fa

rmer

s

Farm

ers

and

co

mm

uniti

es w

oul

d b

e in

clin

ed t

o im

pro

ve p

rod

uctiv

ity o

f the

liv

esto

ck s

ecto

r an

d re

duc

e ru

ral p

ove

rty

if th

ey a

re in

form

ed a

bo

ut (o

r tr

aine

d o

n)

go

od

ran

gel

and

man

agem

ent

pra

ctic

es,

mar

ketin

g a

nd b

usin

ess

op

po

rtun

ities

av

aila

ble

thr

oug

h th

e B

MC

and

the

EU

.

Res

earc

h co

ntrib

utes

to fo

od

pro

duc

tivity

th

roug

h th

e ad

op

tion

of a

pp

rop

riate

cr

op

sp

ecie

s an

d e

ffici

ent

use

of l

and

.

Pro

per

use

of s

oils

, ad

op

tion

of b

ette

r fa

rmin

g m

etho

ds

and

tec

hno

log

ies

wo

uld

enh

ance

foo

d p

rod

uctiv

ity a

nd

red

uce

hung

er a

nd d

isea

se a

mo

ng

com

mun

ities

, as

wel

l as

imp

rovi

ng t

he

coun

try’

s fo

od

sec

urity

tar

get

s.

Ext

ensi

on

serv

ices

, fie

ld

even

ts, a

gric

ultu

ral

sho

ws,

wo

rksh

op

s an

d

sem

inar

s, n

ewsp

aper

s,

rad

io a

nd t

elev

isio

n.

MO

A n

ewsl

ette

rs a

nd

mag

azin

es, m

edia

, ag

ricul

tura

l fai

rs a

nd

spec

ial e

vent

s (e

.g.

Farm

ers

Fiel

d D

ays)

, w

ork

sho

ps

and

sem

inar

s. E

xten

sio

n se

rvic

es,

field

ev

ents

, ag

ricul

tura

l sh

ow

s, w

ork

sho

ps

and

se

min

ars,

new

spap

ers,

ra

dio

and

tel

evis

ion.

A

s ab

ove

K

go

tla m

eetin

gs,

DE

A, D

FRR

, BM

C, E

U,

BC

PA, p

rivat

e ag

ricul

tura

l su

pp

liers

and

ser

vice

p

rovi

der

s, c

ham

pio

ns

and

med

ia.

BA

C, B

OTE

C, B

VI,

RIIC

, U

B, p

rivat

e m

anuf

actu

rers

an

d s

upp

liers

of

agric

ultu

ral i

mp

lem

ents

an

d s

ervi

ce p

rovi

der

s,

cham

pio

ns a

nd m

edia

.

DE

A, N

FRTC

, DFR

R, c

rop

p

rod

ucer

s, h

ort

icul

tura

l p

rod

ucer

s, s

upp

liers

an

d s

ervi

ce p

rovi

der

s,

volu

ntar

y se

rvic

e o

rgan

isat

ions

, co

mm

unity

b

ased

org

anis

atio

ns (e

.g.

farm

ers’

clu

ster

gro

ups

and

co

op

erat

ives

), ch

amp

ions

and

med

ia.

RO

LE O

F ST

AK

EH

OLD

ER

M

ESS

AG

EC

OM

MU

NIC

ATI

ON

C

HA

NN

ELS

PAR

TNE

RS

Key

PE

I sta

keho

lder

s an

d m

essa

ges

with

resp

ect

to c

halle

nges

and

op

po

rtun

ities

pre

sent

ed b

y la

nd a

nd r

ang

elan

d m

anag

emen

t

THE

ME

1:

LAN

D A

ND

RA

NG

ELA

ND

DE

GR

AD

ATI

ON

[Ref

er t

o 2

.3 (d

)]M

essa

ge:

“In

vest

ing

in s

usta

inab

le a

gric

ultu

re a

nd a

pp

rop

riate

cro

p a

nd li

vest

ock

tec

hno

log

y p

rom

ote

s fo

od

sec

urity

, nut

ritio

n an

d p

ove

rty

red

uctio

n”

Tab

le 9

:

Ove

rall

PE

I Mes

sag

e: A

rob

ust

and

pro

duc

tive

agric

ultu

ral s

ecto

r w

ill c

ont

ribut

e to

the

wel

l-bei

ng o

f the

rur

al p

op

ulat

ion

and

mee

ting

nat

iona

l fo

od

re

qui

rem

ents

whi

le e

nsur

ing

tha

t na

tura

l res

our

ces

such

as

soil,

land

and

wat

er a

re p

rese

rved

.

KE

Y

STA

KE

HO

LDE

R


54 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY

MO

A/D

VS

BA

H

DFR

R

to im

pro

ve li

vest

ock

pro

duc

tivity

o

f bo

th c

om

mer

cial

and

co

mm

unal

fa

rmer

s co

untr

ywid

e.

Pro

mo

tes

the

com

mer

cial

isat

ion

of

the

Ag

ricul

tura

l Sec

tor.

Faci

litat

es

an e

nab

ling

env

ironm

ent

that

will

en

cour

age

inve

stm

ent

flow

s an

d

sust

aina

ble

ag

ri-b

usin

esse

s

Form

ulat

e p

olic

ies

and

str

ateg

ies

for

com

bat

ing

def

ore

stat

ion

and

land

d

egra

dat

ion

Go

od

cat

tle m

anag

emen

t p

ract

ices

by

the

farm

ing

co

mm

unity

wo

uld

red

uce

ove

rgra

zing

cut

do

wn

on

veld

t fir

es a

nd

mak

e it

po

ssib

le fo

r th

e G

OB

to

real

ise

its v

isio

n o

f do

ublin

g t

he n

atio

nal c

attle

he

rd.

Co

mer

cilia

sing

the

ag

ricul

tura

l sec

tor

wo

uld

lead

to

div

ersi

ficat

ion

and

th

e d

evel

op

men

t o

f ag

ri-b

usin

ess

ind

ustr

ies,

whi

ch w

oul

d c

ont

ribut

e to

g

reat

er im

po

rt s

ubst

itutio

n an

d c

reat

e em

plo

ymen

t o

pp

ort

uniti

es fo

r ci

tizen

s.

Land

deg

rad

atio

n ha

s im

plic

atio

ns

on

foo

d s

ecur

ity, l

oss

of b

iod

iver

sity

, d

eser

tifica

tion

and

fore

st re

sour

ce

cons

erva

tion,

all

thes

e p

rob

lem

s ca

lls fo

r a

mul

tidim

ensi

ona

l ap

pro

ach

in o

rder

to

re

dre

ss t

he p

rob

lem

wo

rksh

op

s an

d s

emin

ars,

ag

ricul

tura

l and

tra

de

fairs

, int

erne

t (w

eb s

ites

and

intr

anet

), ag

ricul

tura

l ex

tens

ion

serv

ices

, new

s m

edia

Kg

otla

mee

ting

s,

wo

rksh

op

s an

d s

emin

ars,

ag

ricul

tura

l and

tra

de

fairs

, int

erne

t (w

eb s

ites

and

intr

anet

), ag

ricul

tura

l ex

tens

ion

serv

ices

, new

s m

edia

HLC

C a

nd p

olic

y m

aker

s

DE

A, D

FRR

, BC

PA, E

U,

SAD

C, E

U,

farm

ers’

C

BO

s, c

ham

pio

ns a

nd

med

ia

MO

A,

BIH

, rel

evan

t M

EW

T an

d M

CI

dep

artm

ents

, BE

DIA

, B

OTE

C, R

IIC, N

FRTC

, ch

amp

ions

and

med

ia

MO

A (l

and

hus

ban

dry

)

RO

LE O

F ST

AK

EH

OLD

ER

M

ESS

AG

EC

OM

MU

NIC

ATI

ON

C

HA

NN

ELS

PAR

TNE

RS

cont

inue

dTa

ble

9: K

EY

ST

AK

EH

OLD

ER


55 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY

Key

PE

I sta

keho

lder

s an

d m

essa

ges

with

resp

ect

to c

halle

nges

and

op

po

rtun

ities

pre

sent

ed b

y p

ollu

tion

and

was

te m

anag

emen

t co

ntro

l

THE

ME

5:

POLL

UTI

ON

AN

D W

AST

E M

AN

AG

EM

EN

T [R

efer

to

2.3

(e)]

Mes

sag

e: “

Enh

ance

d w

aste

man

agem

ent

is a

n in

com

e ea

rnin

g o

pp

ort

unity

and

als

o re

duc

es t

he b

urd

en a

nd c

ost

of d

isea

se”

Tab

le 1

0:

Ove

rall

PE

I Mes

sag

e: K

ey e

nviro

nmen

tal s

ervi

ces

such

as

wat

er a

nd w

aste

man

agem

ent

are

criti

cal t

o t

he re

duc

tion

of

dis

ease

s, a

nd m

ake

for

he

alth

y an

d p

leas

ant

envi

ronm

ents

in w

hich

to

wo

rk in

.

DE

A

DW

MPC

Priv

ate

sect

or/

Farm

ers

Co

ord

inat

es im

ple

men

tatio

n o

f the

EIA

A

ct.

This

is t

he le

ad G

OB

ag

ency

on

mat

ters

re

latin

g t

o p

ollu

tion

man

agem

ent

and

co

ntro

l. It

issu

es li

cens

es t

o

priv

ate

bus

ines

ses

that

tra

de

in

was

te d

isp

osa

l and

man

agem

ent

and

m

oni

tors

priv

ate

bus

ines

ses,

loca

l and

m

unic

ipal

aut

horit

ies

for

com

plia

nce

with

re

gul

atio

ns a

nd b

ye-la

ws.

Thes

e ar

e m

ainl

y tr

ader

s w

ho a

re

invo

lved

in w

aste

dis

po

sal (

usua

lly

cont

ract

ed b

y m

unic

ipal

and

GO

B

entit

ies,

as

wel

l as

mem

ber

s o

f the

p

ublic

). Fr

amer

s us

e w

aste

wat

er fo

r irr

igat

ion

pur

po

ses

Soun

d e

nviro

nmen

tal l

aws

and

re

gul

atio

ns re

latin

g t

o p

ollu

tion

man

agem

ent

and

co

ntro

l set

uni

vers

ally

ac

cep

ted

sta

ndar

ds

for

dea

ling

w

aste

an

d c

an c

reat

e b

usin

ess

op

po

rtun

ities

.

Was

te is

a re

sour

ce t

hat

can

be

recy

cled

to

imp

rove

peo

ple

’s liv

elih

oo

ds,

pre

vent

th

e sp

read

of d

isea

ses

and

imp

rove

sa

nita

tion

stan

dar

ds

for

the

gen

eral

p

ublic

.

Effi

cien

t m

anag

emen

t o

f was

te

stim

ulat

es b

usin

ess

pro

spec

ts f

or

entr

epre

neur

s a

nd c

reat

e ch

eap

su

pp

lies

of w

ater

for

farm

ers

inte

nt o

n p

rod

ucin

g c

om

mer

cial

cro

ps.

Parli

amen

tary

co

mm

ittee

s, n

ews

med

ia, s

pec

ial e

vent

s.

As

abo

ve

Polit

icia

ns a

nd p

olic

y m

aker

s, lo

cal a

utho

ritie

s,

envi

ronm

enta

l CB

Os/

NG

Os,

priv

ate

sect

or

As

abo

ve

DE

A, D

WM

PC,

envi

ronm

enta

l CB

Os/

NG

Os,

dev

elo

pm

ent

org

anis

atio

ns, fi

nanc

ial

inst

itutio

ns (e

.g. C

ED

A,

BD

C, e

tc.)

ME

SSA

GE

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N

CH

AN

NE

LSPA

RTN

ER

S R

OLE

OF

STA

KE

HO

LDE

R

KE

Y

STA

KE

HO

LDE

R

Key

Sta

keho

lder

s an

d M

essa

ges

wit

h re

spec

t to

clim

atic

cha

nge

cond

itio

ns


56 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY

ME

WT/

DW

A

MM

EW

R/D

WA

/In

tern

atio

nal

Wat

ers

Uni

t

MO

A/D

CP

The

DW

A is

the

lead

GO

B a

gen

cy o

n w

ater

pla

nnin

g a

nd m

anag

emen

t. T

he

agen

cy h

as t

o e

nsur

e th

at p

lann

ers

take

sto

ck o

f the

cen

tral

role

tha

t w

ater

pla

ys in

crit

ical

sec

tors

suc

h as

A

gric

ultu

re, M

inin

g a

nd T

our

ism

, and

to

so

me

exte

nt F

ishe

ries.

•

The

dep

artm

ent

pro

mo

tes

the

use

of

alte

rnat

ive

uses

of w

ater

.

Polic

y fo

rmul

atio

n o

n w

ater

reso

urce

s us

e an

d m

anag

emen

t. R

esp

ons

ible

fo

r th

e m

anag

emen

t o

f the

co

untr

ies

wat

er re

sour

ce a

nd d

evel

op

men

t o

f w

ater

qua

lity

stan

dar

ds.

Thei

r in

tere

st is

in im

pro

ving

the

p

rod

uctiv

ity o

f the

cur

rent

land

s ta

king

ca

re n

ot

to p

ollu

te t

he g

roun

d w

ater

w

ith fe

rtili

zers

due

to

po

or

hand

ling

an

d o

ver

utili

zatio

n b

y fa

rmer

s. T

hey

also

det

erm

ine

farm

ing

met

hod

s an

d

tech

nolo

gie

s to

be

utili

sed

by

farm

ers.

Polic

ies

mus

t ta

ke in

to a

cco

unt

the

criti

cal r

ole

tha

t w

ater

pla

ys in

sus

tain

ing

no

t ju

st t

he e

cono

my,

but

peo

ple

’s liv

elih

oo

ds.

• W

ater

co

nser

vatio

n m

easu

res

are

put

in

pla

ce, b

y us

ing

the

rig

ht q

ualit

y w

ater

fo

r th

e rig

ht p

urp

ose

.

• W

ater

dev

elo

pm

ent

mus

t ta

ke in

to

acco

unt

oth

er n

eed

s su

ch a

s he

alth

, ag

ricul

ture

– w

hich

are

crit

ical

to

po

vert

y al

levi

atio

n.•

A h

ealth

y riv

er e

cosy

stem

is g

oo

d

for

sust

aina

ble

wat

er re

sour

ces

man

agem

ent

and

can

be

of b

enefi

t to

lo

cal c

om

mun

ities

.

Go

od

qua

lity

soils

are

go

od

for

foo

d

pro

duc

tion.

Parli

amen

tary

co

mm

ittee

s, W

ork

sho

ps

and

sem

inar

s, s

pec

ial

even

ts, k

go

tla m

eetin

gs,

ex

tens

ion

serv

ices

, ne

wsl

ette

rs, a

nd n

ews

med

ia.

• K

go

tla m

eetin

gs,

w

ork

sho

ps

and

sem

inar

s.

Kg

otla

mee

ting

s,

cons

ulta

tive

mee

ting

s at

na

tiona

l and

co

mm

unity

le

vels

, sp

ecia

l eve

nts.

Brie

fing

mat

eria

ls b

ased

o

n ev

iden

ce;

agric

ultu

ral

exte

nsio

n se

rvic

es a

nd

new

s m

edia

cha

nnel

s.

Brie

fing

mat

eria

ls b

ased

o

n ev

iden

ce; c

ons

ulta

tive

mee

ting

s, k

go

tla

mee

ting

s.

MO

A, D

epar

tmen

t o

f M

ines

, BTB

, DE

A,

DO

T,

DW

NPC

, GE

F, U

ND

P,

UB

, Lan

d B

oar

ds,

Wat

er

Co

nser

vatio

n B

oar

d, W

UC

, ch

amp

ions

and

med

ia.

• D

GS,

WU

C, M

LG, M

LH,,

MO

A, D

WM

PC.

Wat

er A

pp

ort

ionm

ent

Bo

ard

Nat

iona

l, W

ater

C

oun

cil H

LCC

, GO

B,

priv

ate

sect

or

and

en

viro

nmen

tal N

GO

s an

d

CB

Os

and

co

mm

uniti

es.

BID

PA, D

AR

, NFT

RC

, B

OTE

C, R

IIC, U

B

Dep

artm

enta

l of

Env

ironm

enta

l Sci

ence

.

RO

LE O

F ST

AK

EH

OLD

ER

ME

SSA

GE

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N

CH

AN

NE

LSPA

RTN

ER

S

Key

PE

I sta

keho

lder

s an

d m

essa

ges

with

resp

ect

to c

halle

nges

and

op

po

rtun

ities

pre

sent

ed b

y w

ater

reso

urce

s m

anag

emen

t

THE

ME

11:

WA

TER

RE

SOU

RC

ES

MA

NA

GE

ME

NT

[Ref

er t

o 2

.3 (f

)]

Mes

sag

e: “

Sust

aina

ble

and

eq

uita

ble

acc

ess

to w

ater

reso

urce

s su

pp

ort

s ec

ono

mic

div

ersi

ficat

ion

and

hum

an w

ell-b

eing

by

2016

”.

Tab

le 1

1

Ove

rall

PE

I Mes

sag

e: D

eliv

erin

g s

usta

inab

le a

nd e

qui

tab

le a

cces

s to

wat

er re

sour

ces

will

be

esse

ntia

l if N

DP1

0 is

to

suc

ceed

, and

thi

s w

ill re

qui

re

inve

stm

ent

in s

usta

inab

le w

ater

reso

urce

man

agem

ent

incl

udin

g d

eman

d m

anag

emen

t to

red

uce

inef

ficie

nt a

nd w

aste

ful u

se o

f wat

er a

nd s

yste

ms

to

ensu

re a

cces

s fo

r th

e p

oo

rest

in s

oci

ety.

KE

Y

STA

KE

HO

LDE

R


57 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY

MM

EW

R/W

UC

MLH

/DO

L/La

nd

Bo

ard

s/D

TRP

MM

WE

R/D

ept.

o

f Min

es

MTI

/DIA

The

WU

C h

as re

spo

nsib

ility

ove

r th

e d

istr

ibut

ion

of w

ater

for

do

mes

tic

pur

po

ses

and

dev

elo

pm

ent

of d

ams

acro

ss s

om

e o

f the

co

untr

y’s

river

s,

whi

ch a

re a

lso

imp

ort

ant

for

use

by

farm

ers

for

wat

erin

g li

vest

ock

and

cr

op

s.

The

DO

L an

d D

TRP

are

resp

ons

ible

fo

r zo

ning

of l

and

and

dev

elo

pm

ent

of l

and

use

pla

ns.

The

Land

Bo

ard

s al

loca

te la

nd a

nd a

pp

rove

wat

er r

ight

s lo

cate

d o

n la

nd t

hat

they

ove

rsee

. A

ll a

gen

cies

hav

e in

fluen

ce re

sour

ce

utili

satio

n th

roug

h th

e d

iffer

ent

zoni

ng

A h

igh

wat

er u

ser

in t

heir

op

erat

ions

an

d p

lays

a c

ritic

al ro

le in

the

eco

nom

y o

f the

co

untr

y. M

inin

g a

ctiv

ity

(dia

mo

nds,

in p

artic

ular

), co

ntrib

utes

ab

out

thi

rd o

f the

co

untr

y’s

GD

P an

d

60%

of r

even

ues.

Res

po

nsib

le fo

r p

olic

y fo

rmul

atio

n an

d d

irect

ion

in t

he p

rom

otio

n o

f m

anuf

actu

ring

ind

ustr

ies

in B

ots

wan

a so

me

of w

hich

are

ver

y hi

gh

wat

er

inte

nsiv

e in

dus

trie

s su

ch a

s d

airy

, b

rew

erie

s an

d t

extil

es.

Co

mm

uniti

es a

nd fa

rmer

s ca

n b

enefi

t

fro

m d

ams

by

eng

agin

g in

fish

ing

, co

mm

erci

al fa

rmin

g a

nd o

ther

inco

me

gen

erat

ing

act

iviti

es.

Acc

ess

to la

nd is

imp

ort

ant

for

ag

ricul

tura

l pro

duc

tion

and

pro

mo

tes

sust

aina

ble

live

liho

od

s fo

r fa

rmer

s an

d

com

mun

ities

tha

t liv

e o

ff th

e la

nd.

Sus

tain

able

wat

er m

anag

emen

t p

ract

ices

by

min

ing

co

mp

anie

s sh

oul

d

ben

efit

bo

th t

he m

ines

and

the

co

mm

uniti

es t

hat

live

aro

und

the

m.

Inve

stm

ent

in w

ater

co

nser

vatio

n m

easu

res

will

red

uce

cost

s an

d m

ake

ind

ustr

ies

sust

aina

ble

.

Co

nsul

tativ

e m

eetin

gs,

K

go

tla m

eetin

gs,

R

esea

rch

rep

ort

s,

wo

rksh

op

s an

d s

emin

ars,

O

pen

sp

ace,

med

ia.

Brie

fing

mat

eria

ls

bas

ed o

n ev

iden

ce,

cons

ulta

tive

mee

ting

s,

wo

rksh

op

s an

d s

emin

ars,

fa

ce t

o fa

ce m

eetin

gs.

Wo

rksh

op

s an

d

sem

inar

s, H

LCC

, co

nsul

tativ

e m

eetin

gs,

m

edia

.

Face

to

face

mee

ting

s,

exte

nsio

n se

rvic

es,

HLC

C, p

olit

icia

ns,

brie

fing

no

tes

bas

ed o

n re

sear

ch/e

vid

ence

, new

s m

edia

.

BID

PA, U

B D

epar

tmen

t o

f Env

ironm

ent,

Wat

er

Ap

po

rtio

nmen

t B

oar

d,

Co

mm

unic

atio

n ex

per

ts.

BID

PA, U

B D

epar

tmen

t of

Env

ironm

ent

and

Dik

go

si

Dik

go

si, D

epar

tmen

t o

f Eco

nom

ics,

E

nviro

nmen

tal N

GO

s an

d

CB

Os,

VD

Cs.

BIP

DA

, UB

and

co

mm

unic

atio

n ag

enci

es/

exp

erts

.

CE

DA

, LE

A, B

OC

CIM

,B

EM

A, p

rivat

e se

cto

r,

envi

ronm

enta

l CB

Os

and

N

GO

s

ME

SSA

GE

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N

CH

AN

NE

LSPA

RTN

ER

S

Co

ntin

ued

Tab

le 1

1

RO

LE O

F ST

AK

EH

OLD

ER

KE

Y

STA

KE

HO

LDE

R


58 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY

BA

H

CB

Os

Priv

ate

Sect

or

Polic

y fo

rmul

atio

n o

n ag

ricul

tura

l p

rod

uctio

n w

hich

incl

udes

wat

er

inte

nsiv

e us

es s

uch

as d

airy

pro

duc

tion

and

irrig

atio

n fa

rmin

g. C

attle

p

rod

uctio

n w

hich

is im

po

rtan

t to

a

larg

e p

rop

ort

ion

of t

he p

op

ulat

ion

is

very

wat

er d

epen

den

t

Rur

al c

om

mun

ities

dep

end

on

wat

er

to s

usta

in t

heir

livel

iho

od

s, in

clud

ing

th

roug

h ag

ricul

ture

, fish

ing

and

g

athe

ring

of v

eld

t p

rod

ucts

.

The

priv

ate

sect

or

has

bee

n id

entifi

ed

as t

he c

oun

try’

s ‘e

ngin

e fo

r ec

ono

mic

g

row

th’ b

y th

e G

OB

. It

uses

wat

er fo

r in

dus

tria

l and

ag

ricul

tura

l pur

po

ses.

• Su

stai

nab

le u

tilis

atio

n o

f wat

er

reso

urce

s w

ill le

ad t

o s

usta

ined

and

in

crea

sed

ag

ricul

tura

l pro

duc

tivity

.•

Ad

op

tion

of w

ater

effi

cien

t irr

igat

ion

tech

nolo

gie

s m

ight

lead

to

incr

ease

p

rod

uctiv

ity w

hils

t no

t in

crea

sing

str

ess

on

the

wat

er re

sour

ces.

Co

mm

uniti

es w

ill b

enefi

t fr

om

the

su

stai

nab

le u

se o

f nat

ural

reso

urce

s an

d

thro

ugh

the

pre

serv

atio

n o

f the

sca

nt

wat

er re

sour

ce.

Effi

cien

t us

e o

f wat

er w

ill e

nhan

ce

com

mer

cial

, ag

ricul

tura

l and

ind

ustr

ial

pro

duc

tivity

, nec

essa

ry fo

r th

e jo

b

crea

tion

and

sus

tain

able

live

liho

od

s.

Kg

otla

mee

ting

s, s

pec

ial

even

ts, w

ork

sho

ps

and

se

min

ars,

ext

ensi

on

serv

ices

, op

en s

pac

es

(e.g

. bill

bo

ard

s,

com

mun

ity c

entr

es,

clin

ics

and

sch

oo

ls, e

tc.)

Med

ia,

spec

ial e

vent

s,

wo

rksh

op

s an

d s

emin

ars

med

ia

Med

ia,

spec

ial e

vent

s,

wo

rksh

op

s an

d s

emin

ars

med

ia

Parli

amen

t, N

yD,

DA

R, N

FTR

C, B

IH,

NA

MPA

AD

, Min

ing

co

mp

anie

s (C

orp

ora

te

Soci

al in

vest

men

ts

Dep

artm

ents

), R

DC

, Lo

cal A

utho

ritie

s.

DW

A, D

CP,

Wat

er B

oar

d,

Land

Bo

ard

s, D

FRR

, D

MS,

DO

T, D

VS.

DW

A, W

UC

, Par

liam

ent.

ME

SSA

GE

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N

CH

AN

NE

LSPA

RTN

ER

S

Co

ntin

ued

Tab

le11:

RO

LE O

F ST

AK

EH

OLD

ER

KE

Y

STA

KE

HO

LDE

R


Bas

elin

e:•

MPs

and

oth

er d

ecis

ion

mak

ers

do

no

t ap

pre

ciat

e th

e co

nnec

tion

bet

wee

n su

stai

nab

le d

evel

op

men

t an

d o

vera

rchi

ng

natio

nal d

evel

op

men

t fr

amew

ork

s su

ch a

s N

DP1

0, V

isio

n 20

16,

NSS

D, e

tc. o

r th

eir

rela

tions

hip

to

the

Mill

enni

um D

evel

op

men

t G

oal

s.

• Th

ere

is li

mite

d k

now

led

ge

and

aw

aren

ess

of t

he li

nkag

e b

etw

een

PE a

nd C

C is

sues

by

po

licy

and

dec

isio

n m

aker

s.

• Th

e p

lann

ing

env

ironm

ent

is fr

agm

ente

d a

nd p

oo

rly

coo

rdin

ated

• Th

ere

is a

nee

d t

o r

aise

the

ir aw

aren

ess

and

kno

wle

dg

e o

f the

se

issu

es.

Ind

icat

ors

:•

Num

ber

of p

olic

y an

d d

ecis

ion

mak

ers

who

hav

e ch

ang

ed

min

dse

t w

ith re

spec

t to

the

nat

iona

l and

sec

tora

l dev

elo

pm

ent

agen

da.

•

A h

ighe

r le

vel o

f kno

wle

dg

e an

d a

war

enes

s o

f PE

and

CC

issu

es

by

po

licy

and

dec

isio

n m

aker

s is

enh

ance

d.

• N

umb

er o

f rur

al p

op

ulat

ion

that

has

gre

ater

acc

ess

to, a

nd

ben

efit

fro

m t

he c

oun

try’

s na

tura

l res

our

ce e

ndo

wm

ents

. Ta

rget

s (2

011)

• Pe

rcen

t o

f an

alyt

ical

info

rmat

ion

pro

duc

ed a

nd d

isse

min

ated

to

enh

ance

par

ticip

atio

n o

f Par

liam

enta

rians

and

mem

ber

s o

f the

N

yD in

the

dev

elo

pm

ent

pla

nnin

g p

roce

ss.

• G

uid

elin

es in

pla

ce fo

r m

ains

trea

min

g p

olic

ies,

pla

ns, s

trat

egie

s an

d in

tern

atio

nal a

gre

emen

ts a

nd p

roto

cols

into

the

nat

iona

l d

evel

op

men

t ag

end

a.

• V

isio

n 20

10, N

DP1

0,

NA

MPA

AD

, NC

S,

NPA

D, N

SSD

, RD

P, a

nd

oth

er n

atio

nal p

lann

ing

d

ocu

men

ts.

• G

OB

Pub

lic S

ervi

ce O

rder

s an

d p

roto

cols

(e.g

. Gen

eral

O

rder

s 19

99).

• R

epo

rts

of l

ine

min

istr

ies,

d

epar

tmen

ts a

nd p

aras

tata

l w

ith p

ote

ntia

l to

faci

litat

e PE

I, e.

g. O

P, M

FDP,

ME

WT,

M

MR

WA

, DW

A, D

EA

, DM

S,

BPC

and

WU

C.

Ass

ump

tio

ns:

• G

ove

rnm

ent

org

ans

have

bo

ught

into

the

PE

I p

roce

ss a

nd p

rep

ared

to

en

gag

e p

olit

icia

ns a

nd o

ther

d

ecis

ion

mak

ers.

•

PEI B

ots

wan

a ha

s th

e re

sour

ces

to e

ngag

e p

artn

er

inst

itutio

ns (e

.g. B

GC

IS) o

r co

nsul

tant

s to

pre

par

e an

d

dis

trib

ute

the

mat

eria

ls t

o

the

inte

nded

tar

get

s.

∆ P

artn

er in

stitu

tions

hav

e ca

pac

ity t

o d

evel

op

the

IE

C m

ater

ials

on

beh

alf o

f PE

I Bo

tsw

ana

and

to

wid

ely

dis

sem

inat

e th

e m

ater

ials

to

b

udg

et a

nd o

n sc

hed

ule.

Ris

ks

• G

ove

rnm

ent

prio

ritie

s w

ith

resp

ect

to im

ple

men

tatio

n o

f the

PE

I pro

ject

cha

nges

. •

Fina

ncia

l res

our

ce

cons

trai

nts

on

the

par

t o

f th

e G

OB

and

its

par

tner

s.

Bas

elin

e , In

dic

ato

rs &

Tar

get

s So

urce

s o

f V

erifi

cati

on

Ass

ump

tio

ns

& R

isks

Mo

nito

ring

and

Eva

luat

ion

Mat

rices

for

the

PEI B

ots

wan

a C

om

mun

icat

ions

and

Ad

voca

cy S

trat

egy,

201

0– 2

011

Act

ivit

y # 1

(R

efer

to

2.4

.1 o

f th

e A

ctio

n P

lan)

– P

rom

oti

ng d

ialo

gue

and

dis

cour

se a

mo

ng p

olic

y an

d d

ecis

ion

mak

ers

Tab

le 1

2:

Out

com

e

By

2011

co

mp

rehe

nsiv

e in

form

atio

n,

educ

atio

n an

d

com

mun

icat

ion

(IEC

) mat

eria

ls

that

co

ntrib

ute

to a

bet

ter

und

erst

and

ing

of P

E

linka

ges

and

the

use

o

f PE

info

rmat

ion

in d

ecis

ion

mak

ing

p

roce

sses

will

hav

e b

een

dev

elo

ped

.

59 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY


Bas

elin

eTh

ere

are

virt

ually

no

pub

lic d

ebat

es o

n is

sues

per

tain

ing

to

po

vert

y en

viro

nmen

t an

d c

limat

e ch

ang

e is

sues

in t

he

coun

try.

Ind

icat

or

Num

ber

of d

ebat

es c

ond

ucte

d d

urin

g t

he p

roje

ct

imp

lem

enta

tion

per

iod

tar

get

ing

po

licy

leve

l and

gen

eral

is

sues

.

Targ

ets

(20

11

)A

t le

ast

thr

ee p

ublic

deb

ates

car

ried

out

in t

he p

ublic

ar

ena

in m

ajo

r p

op

ulat

ion

cent

res

(urb

an a

nd p

eri-u

rban

),

two

at

inst

itutio

ns o

f lea

rnin

g (h

ighe

r an

d s

eco

ndar

y),

five

in t

he p

rint

med

ia, t

hree

on

rad

io a

nd t

wo

on

New

spap

er a

nd m

agaz

ine

artic

les,

rad

io a

nd t

elev

isio

n re

po

rts

pro

duc

ed.

Ass

ump

tio

ns:

• A

vaila

bili

ty o

f fina

ncia

l re

sour

ces

fro

m P

EI B

ots

wan

a to

sup

po

rt in

itiat

ive.

•

Part

ner

inst

itutio

ns

have

suf

ficie

nt c

apac

ity t

o

imp

lem

ent

pro

ject

on

beh

alf

of t

he s

po

nso

r.

Ris

ks

• Im

ple

men

ting

par

tner

s ha

ve n

o c

apac

ity, w

hich

co

uld

del

ay im

ple

men

tatio

n.

Bas

elin

e , In

dic

ato

rs &

Tar

get

s So

urce

s o

f V

erifi

cati

on

Ass

ump

tio

ns

& R

isks

Act

ivit

y #2 (R

efer

to

2.4

.2 o

f th

e A

ctio

n P

lan)

– P

rom

oti

ng p

ublic

deb

ates

tar

get

ing

all

stak

eho

lder

s

Out

com

e

By

2011

the

re w

ill b

e w

ides

pre

ad p

artic

ipat

ion

on

PE a

nd C

C is

sues

by

po

licy

and

dec

isio

n m

aker

s,

civi

l so

ciet

y o

rgan

isat

ions

, p

rivat

e se

cto

r an

d s

cien

tific

and

inno

vatio

n in

stitu

tions

in

volv

ed w

ith P

EI B

ots

wan

a

thro

ugh

pub

lic d

ebat

es.

(PE

I Bo

tsw

ana,

Uni

vers

ity o

f B

ots

wan

a D

epar

tmen

t o

f E

cono

mic

s o

r U

nive

rsity

D

ebat

ing

So

ciet

y, n

ews

med

ia, e

tc.)

60 |

PE

I BO

TSW

AN

A A

DV

OC

AC

Y A

ND

CO

MM

UN

ICAT

ION

STR

ATE

GY


Bas

elin

eH

ard

ly a

ny jo

urna

lists

in t

he p

rivat

e an

d p

ublic

med

ia

trai

ned

on

PE a

nd C

C is

sues

. New

sro

om

lead

ers

lack

in

form

atio

n o

n en

viro

nmen

t an

d p

ove

rty

issu

es.

Ind

icat

or

Num

ber

of j

our

nalis

ts fr

om

priv

ate

and

GO

B m

edia

ho

uses

tra

ined

in re

po

rtin

g o

n PE

and

CC

issu

es.

Num

ber

of m

edia

lead

ers

eng

aged

Targ

ets

(20

11

)N

umb

er o

f med

ia p

erso

nnel

tra

ined

and

qua

lity

of n

ews

rep

ort

s p

rod

uced

.

• R

epo

rt o

n t

rain

ing

o

f med

ia p

erso

nnel

by

cons

ulta

nts,

pre

ss re

leas

es

and

new

s m

edia

rep

ort

s,

pro

ject

eva

luat

ion

rep

ort

s.

• A

rtic

les

and

rep

ort

s p

rod

uced

on

PE a

nd C

C

issu

es in

the

new

s m

edia

.

Ass

ump

tio

ns:

• C

om

mitm

ent

of n

ews

med

ia (i

nclu

din

g G

OB

) to

ha

ve t

heir

staf

f tra

ined

and

su

pp

ort

PE

I. •

Ava

ilab

ility

of f

und

ing

fro

m

PEI B

ots

wan

a.

Ris

ks

• G

OB

resi

sts

havi

ng it

s jo

urna

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1. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVOCACY AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY FOR PEI BOTSWANA

An integral part of the PEI Programme in Botswana will be the development of a national Advocacy and Communication Strategy for the integration of the Poverty and Environment issues in development planning processes. Indeed, a crucial aspect of the PEI is the mobilisation of stakeholders – including policy makers and non-state actors – to enhance the understanding of poverty and environment linkages in the context of sustainable development, poverty reduction and the achievement of national development objectives including the Millennium Development Goals.

The emphasis on focused dialogue, communication and advocacy is intended to enhance the impact of PEI whose long term objective is political, institutional and behavioural change. Since the programme involves institutional reforms and policy at the country level, a good communications strategy will strengthen the impact and sustainability of the long term results.

The development of an Advocacy and Communication Strategy will be based on the intended results and activities of the Joint PEI Programme and would be implemented as a key activity throughout the programme cycle. The development of the Communication and Advocacy Strategy will commence with Stakeholder Workshop facilitated by LEAD International to provide critical inputs and baseline information for the development of the strategy. This will be followed by the development of the strategy by a national consultant working in close consultation with national stakeholders, drawing on best practices from other PEI countries, UNDP and UNEP.

A. Participatory Stakeholder Consultation

Following the workshop, the PEI Botswana Advocacy and Communication Strategy will be developed based on the inputs from the workshop. The Strategy will include a careful mapping of who makes and shapes key upstream and downstream decisions, both formal and informal, with an

identification, for each group, of current perceptions and capacities, information/sensitisation needs, and effective pathways for communication.

• Identify the key stakeholders who need to be influenced (institutions and individuals from government - central or decentralized, technical and financial partners, civil society, and private sector).

• Identify persons or institutions who may play the role of PEI champions (from government, technical and financial partners, civil society, private sector, media etc., with power to influence decision makers).

• Identify the type of information/messages needed by key stakeholders and champions.

• Identify appropriate channels to reach stakeholders and champions in different contexts and ways and means to build strong partnerships between PEI Botswana and key sectors.

• Identify potential partners (academic institutions, national research institutions, and media) including successful/ongoing communication and advocacy activities with potential for scaling up in the context of PEI.

The tools and techniques and developed for the PEI/LEAD Champions Training held in Nairobi and Dakar will be used to enhance the chances of success of the workshop.

B. Development of a Communication and Advocacy Strategy

Following the workshop the PEI Botswana Communication and Advocacy Strategy will be developed based on the inputs from the workshop. The Strategy will include a careful mapping of who makes and shapes key upstream and downstream decisions, both formal and informal, with an identification, for each group, of current perceptions and capacities, information/sensitisation needs, and effective pathways for communication;

C. The objectives of the Strategy include:

• To identify key stakeholders and high level PEI champions who can influence policy, institutional

IV REFERENCES AND APPENDICES

A. APPENDICES


and behavioural change regarding the importance of PE linkages for economic and social development - such champions may come from government, development partners, civil society and private sector.

• To promote a strategic vision for poverty and environment based on national development objectives including economic growth, sustainable development, poverty reduction and increased investment in environmental services that addresses the needs of particular groups of people to drive political choices and promote policy, institutional and behavioural change.

• To enable a clear focus on sharing of information and lessons learned about good practice on poverty and environmental mainstreaming and outcomes both at local and ‘upwards’ to national policy decision making level.

• To ensure effective participation by all stakeholders (including non state actors and private sector) in PEI processes including studies, policy level dialogues and social debates of national importance.

• To develop and maintain partnerships with the scientific community, non-state actors and the private sector and support capacity strengthening

• To ensure that knowledge generated by the PEI Botswana is widely disseminated and contributes to policy and decision making processes.

D. Responsibilities and main tasks

As part of this consultancy; the consultant will develop an Advocacy and Communication Strategy for PEI Botswana including an action plan for implementation in order to have an effective tool to promote the objectives of the programme. More specifically, the consultant will:

• Support the delivery of the Stakeholder Workshop and collate mapping information on who makes and shapes key upstream and downstream decisions, both formal and informal, with identification, for each group, of current perceptions and capacities, information/sensitisation needs, and effective pathways for communication.

• Review existing communication strategies in PEI focal institutions in Botswana, other PEI country communications strategies and best practices to come up with an outline for the communication strategy to be discussed and agreed with

Government of Botswana, UNDP and PEI Africa.

Based on the results of the workshop and additional analysis develop a Communication Strategy for PEI Botswana:

• Define the objectives of the strategy that are aligned to the objectives of the PEI Botswana programme.

• Identify the target audience, including who needs to be influenced, who are the champions and all the key stakeholders, their perceptions and information needs. Identify persons who may play the role of PEI champions and / or structures where these people (e.g. Office of the President, ministries, secretaries, parliamentarians, civil society, private sector etc.). Describe their power to influence / targets and the type of information they will need to fully play the role of PEI champions. Provide guidance / concrete recommendations that would allow the PEI Botswana to mobilize / engage these people for PEI vision.

• Develop strategic messages including key messages with different emphasis for different audiences. For example: Create a comprehensive case covering all the key messages, and emphasise the different elements of the case for different audiences.

• List the themes of social debates of national importance and suggest topics for high level discussions in which the PEI Botswana could play an important role. Explain why and provide guidance / recommendations to allow the PEI to engage in these debates / discussions.

• Identify tools and activities that are most appropriate to communicating the key messages to the audiences. Ensure that tools and activities are tailored to the level of time and human and financial resources available. Suggest a practical approach that would allow the PEI Botswana to identify and raise policymakers’ concerns on PE issues to be seen as critical by most people.

• Develop an Action Plan and budget indicating roles and responsibilities, resources, timelines and possible partners linked to achievement of key results and objectives.

E. Methodology and Approach

The consultant will adopt a participatory approach throughout the process of drafting the Advocacy


and Communication Strategy working in close consultation with the PEI Country Team, UNDP Botswana and PEI Africa. The consultant will participate actively in the Communication Workshop and will be responsible for collating relevant information from the stakeholders and ensure that the perceptions expressed in the national workshop are documented. The consultant will follow up the workshop with a literature review to reflect further, any missing information for the development of the Strategy will be a compensatory rapid survey if necessary. The consultant will produce the draft strategy on the basis of the outcome of the workshop to be presented and discussed with key partners.

F. Deliverables

At the end of the consultancy, the consultant will submit:

• An inception report with the results from the participatory Advocacy and Communication Strategy Workshop and literature review

• An Advocacy and Communication Strategy for PEI Botswana that includes the following:

- Objectives

- Audiences- Messages- Tools and Activities- Action Plan (Outputs, activities, resources, responsible parties)- Monitoring and Evaluation Matrix (including indicators)

G. Reporting

The consultant will be supported by, and shall work in close collaboration with the national PEI Programme Manager, UNDP Botswana Poverty and Environment Units and the UNDP-UNEP PEI Africa Team in Nairobi.

H. Duration

The duration of consultancy for the formulation of Advocacy and Communication Strategy will be three months.


2. Profiles of Non State Sector Organisations Relevant to PEI Botswana

• Botswana Association of Local Authorities (BALA): Was formed in 1983 to promote cooperation among local government authorities (LGAs). Its remit includes: engaging the central government on issues affecting LGAs; providing advice to LGAs, formulating common policies affecting LGAs, building partnerships, networks and coalitions with like-minded organisations locally, regionally and internationally and lobbying for decentralisation and more powers for LGAs.

• Botswana Coalition of Non-Governmental Organisations (BOCONGO): Is the main umbrella network of NGOs in Botswana. It is mainly involved in networking, training and lobbying of the GOB on various policy issues, including PE and CC issues on behalf of its members. BOCONGO with its broad membership is taken seriously by the GOB, national and international players operative in the realm of poverty, environment and climate change. Its influence is cross-cutting: from biodiversity conservation through water and waste management; from land and range degradation to sustainable utilisation of natural products.

• BORAVAST Trust is operative in south western Botswana and specialises in collecting seeds of certain plants such as hoodia and devil’s claw (sengaparile). BORAVAST is an acronym derived from the villages of Bokspits, Rappelspan, Vaalhoek, and Struizzendam that make up the trust. The trust is best known for its Hoodia Cultivation Project, which is intended to multiply plants for commercial production and marketing. The Hoodia plant (scientific name: hoodia gordonii) has been used for generations of people in the Kalahari Desert to quench hunger. It has been identified as one of the most exciting natural resources for rural development in Southern Africa.

The international demand for slimming down remedies is believed to be very high in Western and European countries and may not be satisfied by wild crafting of the resource. Therefore, cultivation of hoodia is deemed as a practicable solution to address export demand. Since the species is naturally adapted to the environment and does not necessarily require irrigation, the establishment of hoodia as a new crop in Botswana should be highly successful. BORAVAST is collaborating with the DFRR to cultivate seeds for the plant, which are in

very short supply.

• Botswana National Youth Council (BNYC): The focus of the BNYC is youth empowerment. It operates income generating projects for its members and collaborates with the GOB, CEDA and LEA in assisting out of school youth to access financial assistance and entrepreneurial training from various GOB programmes, e.g. the Youth Fund, Integrated Support Programme for Arable Agriculture Development (ISPAAD) or the CEDA Youth Farmers’ Fund. Such programmes aim to engage the youth in productive activities, facilitate access to finance and business training, improve food security at household and national level, commercialise agriculture through mechanisation, facilitate access to farm inputs and credit and improve extension outreach. The remit of the BNYC is to educate the youth on the existence and requirements of these programmes and help them access funds to set up their own businesses. The other objective is to educate and raise awareness of the youth on their socio-economic environment through public debate and discourse.

• Chobe Wildlife Trust (CWT): Is involved in the preservation of the wildlife resource in the district. The Chobe has one of the largest and varied wildlife species in the world and is home to all of the ‘Big Five’ game. The Chobe National Park is rich in animals, birds and forests. Some of these animals, including rhino and antelope, are said to be threatened by the elephant population in the area, including the Okavango Delta, where elephants had not been seen for many years.

The burgeoning elephant population (estimated at 130 000 nationally) populates an area of around 80 000 sq. kilometres in Botswana, much of this in the northern part of the country. Elephants compete with people in human settlements over water and the limited land resource. They trample people’s fields, resulting in a decline in food productivity. Weaknesses in GOB regulations and poor response mechanisms from the Department of Wildlife also play a role.

However, low densities of elephants are known to have a positive impact on the ecosystem. Elephants knock down trees in thickly wooded areas and open pathways for other species such as grasses and thus effecting changes in the ecosystem.

The CWT addresses this and other issues such as the prevention of wild fires. Being involved in


biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilisation issues gives the CWT the opportunity to lobby LGAs, GOB and its partners to build sustainable strategies into development plans that benefit communities in the Chobe.

• Forestry Association of Botswana (FAB): Its main area of work is the promotion and planting of trees in rural areas. It has an active forestry and nursery management programme for primary school pupils and junior secondary students, for tree planting in the home. FAB is also involved in community-based woodland management projects whose aim is to increase fuel wood supplies, fodder and timber, while promoting their sustainable use.

• Hospitality and Tourism Association of Botswana (HATAB): This organisation represents the interest of several companies active in the hotel, tourism, air transport and hospitality trades. It lobbies for legislation that favours its members and collaborates with the GOB and communities in the CBNRM in various ways. For instance, the association has been collaborating with the MEWT in the development of the National Ecotourism Strategy, which shifts focus to the promotion of cultural, historical and archaeological attractions as well as recreational tourism.

Through the Ecotourism strategy government involves communities in resource conservation and development of various ecotourism activities that articulate Batswana culture, heritage and traditional values. These community projects contribute to employment generation, skills development and entrepreneurship training for members. Rural communities are actively encouraged to participate in the conservation of natural resources in ways that not only sustain these resources but also meet their social, cultural, economic and environmental needs. HATAB also sits in the CBNRM North West District Forum and is represented in most workshops and reference groups that deal with the management of the Okavango Delta.

Kalahari Conservation Society (KCS): The Society was formed in recognition of the pressures on Botswana’s wildlife and the general environment. KCS is the oldest environmental NGO in Botswana and has been effective in undertaking its lobbying activities through advocacy and assisting Government in policy making and also collaborating with other NGOs and Government Departments to contribute to the conservation of

Botswana’s environment and wildlife resources. Since its establishment in 1982, the Society has grown rapidly, receiving recognition both within Botswana and internationally. In recent years, the KCS has worked with the Department of Wildlife and National Parks to solicit funding for boreholes in the Makgadikgadi National Park, which had to be fenced along the Boteti River to mitigate livestock and wildlife conflict.

In the Okavango Delta, KCS has been coordinating a trans-boundary natural resources management project between Botswana, Angola and Namibia known as ‘Every River has Its People’, whose objective is to increase the capacity of communities and other local stakeholders to participate effectively in decision making about the natural resources in the Okavango River Basin, and to promote and facilitate participation of such communities.

• MISA Botswana is chapter of the Windhoek-based Media Institute of Southern Africa which seeks to promote a free and pluralistic press in the southern Africa region. The chapter is involved in advocacy work relating to media freedoms and freedom of expression issues. It also collaborates with various partners to promote mainstreaming of issues (e.g. HIV AIDS, gender and sport) in reporting. Every year MISA Botswana organises gala dinner at which the best journalist and other reporters who file stories on specialist areas are recognised.

• Mokolodi Nature Reserve: Based in the village of Mokolodi 10km south of Gaborone, this NGO promotes ecotourism for the benefit of tourists from greater Gaborone and elsewhere. The reserve has limited stocks of elephant, gemsbok, bush buck, springbok, cheetahs, hippopotami, crocodiles, walrus and various bird species. It also has a dam which is home to some of the species. It organises regular educational camps for primary school pupils and has regular wild. Mokolodi has a restaurant and conference centre facilities which attract corporate clients. Often after their meetings, such clients are taken on site seeing tours. The majority of Mokolodi’s employees are from the village of the same name.

• Permaculture Trust Botswana: This organisation has a seed bank programme that ensures the availability of a wide variety of seeds for crops and edible wild fruits. It is also involved in the


commercial development of an indigenous water melon seed which is closely linked to the wild kgengwe water melon found in the Kgalagadi Desert. The melon has been found to have potential to produce cooking oil and for pharmaceutical use. It is partner institution with DFRR in the campaign for popularising indigenous tree species suitable for local conditions during the district and national tree planting days.

• Somarelang Tikologo: (Environment Watch Botswana) is a member-based environmental NGO in Gaborone, which aims to raise awareness on environmental issues through public education, demonstrating and encouraging best practices in environmental planning, resource conservation and waste management in Botswana. The NGO has a demonstration site in Gaborone where it teaches the public about environmental conservation.

• Thusano Lefatsheng: Operates from Kumakwane village in the Kweneng district, where it maintains a small nursery for various indigenous shades, fodder and fruit trees. It is best known for popularising the commercial use of the grapple plan, sengaparile (devil’s claw), which is used for healing various ailments such as arthritis and gout. Thusano also sells various species of herbal tea such as mosukudu, mosukujwane and lengana (also a health remedy).

• Tshole Trust: Tshole Trust exists to coordinate activities of stakeholders in used oil management in Botswana. The NGO undertakes public education activities in used oil, and provided used oil collection tanks as well as coordinating stakeholders’ relationships.

• Veldt Products Research and Development: Based in Gabane in the Kweneng district, this NGO is primarily involved in the research of indigenous fruit trees and monitoring of the use of veldt products (e.g. wild fruit and woodland). It also purchases and sells thatching grass bought from villagers in the Kweneng district. The organisation has done trials of muhupu and morula fruits, and the marketing of the mosukujwane herbal tea. The morula has multiple uses.

The fruit can be eaten fresh, but can also be brewed into beer which rural women sell for profit. It can be turned into jelly and jam; the kernels can be eaten fresh or can produce oil. In days past the morula trunk was used for household utensils such mortar or as a drum for watering livestock from the hand drawn wells. In South Africa, morula is used

to produce very good liqueur. Veld Products is ever on the lookout for new products that can be processed and marketed.

Voluntary Service Organisations

• Botswana Red Cross Society (BRCS): The BRCS is an independent voluntary aid organisation. Established in 1968 under Act of Parliament, the organisation serves as an auxiliary to the government as a humanitarian organisation with the mandate to reduce the number of deaths, injuries and impact from disasters so as to alleviate human suffering by providing services to the most vulnerable. It is affiliated to the International Red Cross and the Red Crescent Movement.

• Botswana Council of Churches (BCC): The BCC is one of the oldest civil society movements in Botswana and was first established in 1966 to try and unite the church movement and promote linkages with the world church movement through the World Council of Churches. Over the years it has been involved in a wide range of PE, including disaster management work, housing for the poor in urban areas, drought relief, HIV AIDS, street children, rehabilitation of Angolan refugees in the Chobe and projects targeting Basarwa and other remote area dwellers. The Council seats in a number of important policy forums such as the Rural Development Council (MFDP), the Food Security Council (MOA) – and has formal consultations with the head of state at least twice a year. It has many partners internationally, including the World Council of Churches (to which it is affiliated), the Lutheran World Federation, and the Dutch based Oikocredit, the UNFPA and the Norwegian Church Aid.

3. Profiles of Potential PEI Botswana Champions

• Lt. General Seretse Khama Ian Khama (b. 1953; president of the Republic since 2008): Khama is the eldest son of Botswana’s founding president, Sir Seretse and the fourth president of the Republic. He was retired from the army in 1998 to be groomed for high office. The head of the Government Information Service (GIS), Dr. Jeff Ramsay once described Khama as “a strategic thinker, an open person, and a very straight forward person. ... [Who respects what] has been built already and wants to build on that legacy”. Khama is known for his passion for the environment, wildlife and tourism,


a love he developed since childhood. He has, in the past been vocal on environmental issues and argued that the country should strive to safeguard the ecological integrity of protected areas, at the same time ensuring that they contribute to the welfare of the general population. He recognises tourism as one of the driving forces of the economy. Botswana must have an eco-tourism strategy, which should outline potential areas for development and the country’s tourist products must be marketed intensively and Batswana encouraged to take part in the sector. In this regard, Khama has welcomed the establishment of the Botswana Tourism Board (BTB), which he sees as being necessary for fostering international best practice. Khama is also close to ordinary people and has empathy for the poor. A feature of his presidency has been his regular visits to the countryside and the urban poor where he would have impromptu meetings with ordinary people and listen to their grievances.

• Sir Ketumile Quett Joni Masire: (b.1925; president of Botswana 1980 – 1998). Sir Ketumile is a former school head, newspaper editor and lifetime politician. A founding member of the Botswana Democratic Party and its chief organiser, he recruited the country’s first president to the fold, and was known for his high work ethic. A keen farmer, Sir Ketumile is known to have used his strong networks in teaching and farming circles to build local structures of his party. It was also under his rule that Botswana’s economy took off. Apart from his political mobilisation skills, Sir Ketumile has a history of participating in pro-poor initiatives. In 1956 he participated in the formation of Botswana’s first real economic outline, which consisted of a list of development schemes to be funded by grants from Britain’s Colonial and Welfare Fund. These later crystallised into the national development plans (NDPs) in post-independent Botswana. In 1970 he came up with personal strategy for the installation of basic services for irrigation as well as for produce storage facilities, so that crops could be held and sold at the best prices available rather than being rushed to market over fear of spoilage in his home area. He received both loans and grants from the United States, Denmark, Sweden, and Canada for water development, new agricultural techniques, and famine relief. One other project he has been involved with was to teach farmers about water conservation techniques, record-keeping, and crop selection. Another ensured that the nomadic

Basarwa could earn financial independence by producing handcrafted hunting bags, bows, and arrows for export through the Botswanacraft Marketing Company that is based in Ghanzi where he had farming interests. Sir Ketumile was awarded the Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger in 1989 by the US-based Hunger Project in recognition of the improvement in nutritional levels throughout the country between 1981 and 1988, despite the onset of severe drought.

• Bafana Pheto (‘Pheremphetlhe’). One of Botswana’s leading gospel artists, Phempheretlhe rose to prominence with his debut album, ‘Lekunutu le Morena’ which became a signature tune of various gospel programmes. He followed up that success with national tour and close collaboration with fellow gospel artistes, Mmereki Marakakgoro and Mpho Nakedi. Phempheretlhe has won many awards in the gospel genre and has been president of Botswana Musicians Union (BOMU) from 2006-2008. He has since released four more albums and widely regarded as one of the trailblazers of gospel music, leading to many invitation as guest speaker/ youth motivator.

• Dumelang Saleshando. A banker by profession, Saleshando worked for First National Bank of Botswana (FNBB) before he was unfairly dismissed for unethical conduct. He took the matter to court and was paid an undisclosed amount in a favourable out of court settlement. He first cut his teeth in politics at the University of Botswana Representative Council when he organised a massive march to Botswana Parliament in 1995. When the opposition Botswana National Front split in 1998 in Palapye he joined the emergent Botswana Congress Party (BCP). He was elected the party publicity secretary in 1998, a position he still holds to date. In 2004 Saleshando was elected Member of Parliament for Gaborone Central, a seat he defended in the 2009 General elections. He is currently the leading candidate for the party’s presidency, a position that will be vacated by his father, Gilson. Saleshando is a director an outdoor media advertising company.

• Quill Hermans: A former Bank of Botswana Governor and permanent secretary in the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, Hermans is involved with many charity causes, including the ‘Bana ba Metsi’ project in northwest Botswana which helps children of the poor.


• Tjawangwa Dema (aka TJ Dema, poet) is a Motswana performance poet, award winning writer, columnist and voice over artist. Her talents extend to radio presenting, independent event emceeing, and modelling and choreography. She is on the executive committee of Lentswe La Basadi ba Botswana (LLBB) and a long standing member of The Livepoets, The Writers Association of Botswana (WABO) for which she was Publicity Secretary (2005/07), as well as being a founding member of the Exodus Live Poetry collective (ELP), who have coordinated Botswana’s annual poetry festival for the last couple of years. In 2006 she partnered with the British Council’s ‘Crossing Borders’ project as mentor to the PIV (power in voice) national champions. She ha facilitated and performed at workshops, festivals, art exhibitions and corporate events, including the SADC Gender Conference (Bua!, 2005), South Africa’s Constitution Hill, the Oprah Magazine Tea Party, Miss Botswana 2005 and 2007, Delhi International Arts Festival 2008, the President’s Annual Concert 2008, the United Nations Development Programme IDEP 2007 and 2008, Make Some Noise (SA) 2009, the 31st Cambridge Seminar on Contemporary Literature as well as the Live Poets open sessions. Dema has been published in a number of anthologies both at home and internationally.

• Lesang Magang: is a business leader, a politician and public speaker. In his earlier days he was a champion debater. Magang runs Phakalane Estates , a company that owns one of Gaborone leading townships.

• Margaret Nnananyana Nasha is a former Cabinet Minister and the first Motswana woman Speaker of the National Assembly. She started her career in the Civil Service as a journalist, rising to the position of Director of Information and later becoming Botswana’s ambassador to the United Kingdom. She joined politics in the mid 1990s and was appointed Cabinet Minister. Nasha served different ministries as a Cabinet Minister: Local Government, Lands and Housing and Presidential Affairs. Popularly referred to as ‘Mmabana’ Nasha, is a patron of Masiela Trust, a children’s charity that caters for orphans. She was also the president of the Women’s Coalition, a group of women politicians

that promoted equality of women in politics through training and gender mainstreaming.

• Joel Ketumile (‘Ntsoro’, comedian, musician and TV presenter): To Keitumele, comedy not only about entertaining the audience but helping people to relieve their daily stresses and tensions as well making them feel animated when chips are down. He makes jokes about mundane things and so far he has been engaged in corporate shows to help staff cope with work related stresses. Keitumele says he discovered his funnier side during one of his TV ‘Mokaragana Talent Show’ programme after he cracked some jokes and the audience laughed. His jokes are now an integral part of the show and it would be amiss for him to end the show without making a joke. His comedy is can be classified as observational comedy because it pokes fun at everyday life, often inflating the import of trivial things or scrutinising the silliness of something that society accepts as normal. Besides, his jokes also border on character comedy since he derives humour from a persona he invents. His character comedy comes from the stereotypes of characters such as ‘Ntsoro’ and ‘Segwapa’.

• Roy Sesana (born circa 1950): is a Basarwa rights activist who works together with the First People of the Kalahari (FPK) for the rights of his people. He lives in New Xade in the Central Kgalagadi Game Reserve (CKGR) and earns a living as a traditional medicine man. In 1991, he co-founded the FPK together with the late John Hardbattle, which intensively promotes the traditional way of life, protecting nature and the Basarwa way of life and is opposed to the relocation of the Basarwa from the CKGR. In 2002, the First People of the Kalahari took the Government of Botswana to court to seek the right for the relocated people to return to the reserve. The protracted court case attracted substantial international attention. On December 13, 2006, Botswana’s High Court ruled in the Basarwa’s favour, stating that the evictions were unlawful and unconstitutional. In December 2005, he received the Right Livelihood Award Right (sometimes called the ‘Alternative Nobel Prize’) for “resolute resistance against eviction from their ancestral lands, and for upholding the right to their traditional way of life”.


4. List of Agreements, Protocols, Laws, Policies and Regulations Signed or Enacted by Government with Linkages to PE and CC Issues

Forest Act.

Wildlife Conservation (Hunting and Licensing) Regulations.

Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety to the Convention on Biological Diversity

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

SADC Protocol on Wildlife Management and Law Enforcement

Protocol on Wildlife Convention and Law Enforcement

The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

Herbage Preservation Act.

Protocol to amend the Convention on wetlands of International importance

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

The Convention on Biological Diversity

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development – Agenda 21.Wildlife Conservation and national Parks Act.

Tourism Act

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone LayerTourism Policy.

National Policy on Natural Resources Conservation and DevelopmentWildlife Conservation Policy.

Fauna Conservation Act.

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild Flora and Fauna (CITIES)

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

The African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

Revised Protocol on Shared Water Courses systems in SADC

The Convention on Wetlands of Importance as Waterfowl Habitat.

Protocol on Shared Watercourse Systems in the SADC Region

Protocol on Shared water Courses systems in SADC.

Agreement on the Permanent Okavango River Basin Water Commission (OKACOM)

Permanent Okavango River basin Commission

2004

2001

2001

2001

2001

1999

1998

1997

1997

1995

1993

1992

1992

1992

1992

1990

1990

1990

1986

2000

1997

1996

1995

1994

1994

Biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of resources

Water resources management

Law/Agreement/Protocol, etc, Year of

Ratification Environmental Issue


4. List of Agreements, Protocols, Laws, Policies and Regulations (Continued)

National Water Master Plan

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl habitat (RAMSAR Convention).

Water Act.

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification for those Countries experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification in Africa.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

The Montreal Protocol on the Substances that deplete the Ozone layer.

The Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone layer.

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer

The Vienna Convention For the Protection of the Ozone Layer

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

The Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary movements of Hazardous wastes and their disposal

Waste Management Act

Atmospheric Pollution (Prevention) Act

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction

Convention on the Trans-Boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal

National Environmental Education Strategy and Action Plan.

Environmental Impact Assessment Act

Protocol on Mining in the Southern African

Development Community

Protocol on Energy in the SADC region

Protocol on Energy in the Southern African Development Community

Agricultural Resources Conservation Act.

1992

1977

1968

1996

1994

1992

1991

1991

1991

1985

2004

1998

1998

1992

1989

2007-2012

2005

1997

1996

1996

1973

Climate Change

Pollution & Waste Management Control

Cross Cutting Environmental Issues

Energy Resources

Law/Agreement/Protocol, etc, Year of Ratification Environmental Issue


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

R. Josiah

T.S. Letshwiti

C. Keikwatlhae

T. Mokobi

T. Phuthego

J Ramontshonyana

K. Moletsane

Rev. M. Moruakgomo

R. Bakwena

N. Motshabi

C. Koketso

L. Mooketsi

A. Malebane

M. Sekwati

T. Ketlogetswe

T. Mogaetsho

Parliament/Ntlo ya Dikgosi

MTI

MIST

MLG

DEA

DFFR, MWET

BALA

BCC

Thapong

MOA

MFDP

Veld Products Research

Debswana

Chief Engineer

Senior Info Officer

Senior Eng. Energy

Principal Public Relations Officer (PPRO)

PPRO

PPRO

PPRO

National Resources Officer

Principal Forestry Officer

Exec. Director

President

National Coordinator

PRO

Administration Officer

PR Manager

RIIC

RIIC

RIIC

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

3601200

3601200

3658529

3902050

3954050

3912036

3951981

3161771

3947354

3914938

3614393

3614279

5440500

5440500

5440500

Face to face (FF)

FF

Phone

FF

Email

FF

FF

FF

FF

FF

Phone

FF

Focus Group

Focus Group

Focus Group

No. Name Organisation Position Email Phone Interview Format

5. List of persons interviewed and contact information


17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

S. Simon

L. Motswagole

H. Sigwele, Dr.

O. Groth

O.M. Kebapetswe

R. Dingalo

Adams

N. Kebaswele

M. Tebele

B. Ntuane

J. Ramsay

G. Nkala

S. Mogapi

Skip Hire

Total Waste

Delta Dairies

Botswana Craft

Vision Anti AIDS Botswana

BGCIS

Solar International

DWPMC

As above

Parliament

OP

Mmegi

Telegraph

General Manger

DirectorExec. Director

Executive Director

Managing Director

Convenor

Director Research and Policy Development

MD

PPRO- Waste Mgt

As above

MP

Deputy PS (Media)

Editor

Editor

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

397107

3913056

3922487

3133048

3182890

3934479

3934479

3616800

3653000

3974784

3188784

E-mail

Fax

E-mail

E-mail

FF

FF

Phone

FF

FF

FF

FF

No. Name Organisation Position Email Phone Interview Format

5. List of persons interviewed (Continued)


B. Sources of Information

1. Publications

Communications Strategy for the Ministry of Agriculture, GOB, 2010

A Communications Strategy for the Ministry of Health, GOB, 2009

Long-Term Vision for Botswana: Towards Prosperity for All, GOB, 1997; see also, Presidential Task Group for a Long-Term Vision for Botswana (GOB, 1996)

Market and Communications Strategy on the Government Employee Motor Vehicle Assistance Scheme (GEMVAS) and Government Loan Fund (GLIF), PEEPA, 2007

Ngamiland District Settlement Strategy, (2003- 2027), MLH-GOB, 2004

Molefhe Phirinyane, etal. State of Governance in Botswana 20004, BIDPA, Gaborone, 2004

National Development Plan 9: 2003 – 2009, MFDP-GOB, 2003

Review of Botswana National Land Policy, Main Report, MLH-GOB, 2003

IUCN Botswana. NGO Strategy on the environment, 2002-2007 – Including Strategic plans for Forestry and Veld Products, Okavango Delta, Urban Environment and Wildlife, IUCN Botswana, 2002.

The DAC Guidelines on Poverty Reduction, OECD, 2001

Protocol on Shared Watercourse Systems’ signed by the Heads of State of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania and Zambia, Johannesburg, 1995

The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Talks, Issues of Interest for the ACP States, EU Brussels, 1996 Botswana National Water Master Plan, Vol. 4B: Environmental Aspects, GOB, 1991

2. Unpublished Documents

Institutional Analysis for PEI Botswana (Unpublished Draft Report Prepared for the PE Botswana Initiative), UNDP/UNEP, 2009

UNEP-UNDP Botswana Poverty Environment Initiative Joint Programme, GOB, 2009

3. Electronic Sources

1. UN Global Impact (2005). What is the Global Impact http//www.unglobalimpact.org

2. Agenda 21. http//un.org.esa/sustdev

3. Botswana Government Environment Portal : http/ www.eis.gov.bw

4. Botswana Government E-government Portal: http/www.gov.bw

5. UN Millennium Development Goals : http/ www.un.org/millenniumgoals

6. UNEP PEI: http/unpei.org