Advocacy equality web 2.0

Elanor Colleoni Micheal Etter Anirudh AgrawalSlides developed from Elanor Colleoni Class

Web : Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

Lecture Prepared by Anirudh AgrawalPhD Fellow [email protected]


• Currently pursuing PhD in Social Entrepreneurship

• Consultant to Start-Ups and firms investing in India

• Co-founded Schultz and Kaiser, Biotech consulting firm

focused on selling Indian Bio-tech patents to MNC Bio-tech

companies

• Professional Experience : Commercial Engineer at Veolia

Water

• Pre-Doctoral program in Strategy : HEC Paris

• Masters thesis in Social Entrepreneurship

• Bachelors and Masters in Mechanical Engineering


Next 3 lectures

• Advocacy and Activism focused on Online Media

• Online Trust and Reputation Management, Online Marketing

• Business Models and Open Innovation focus on Internet, Co-creation, Crowdsourcing


Contents for Todays Lecture

• Fundamental Rights / Shared Values• World of internet : Changing paradigms• Civil Society Organizations and Social

Movements• Advocacy and Activism


1. Rights/Values


Fundamental Rights/Human Rights

• Right to marriage/Friendship/Association/Assembly

• Freedom of move/change jobs/cities• Freedom of religion• Freedom to think and express• Habeas Corpus• Right to Life• Right to Information• Equality/Liberty/Fraternity


Activity 1

• What will you do if you find out that a particular firm is exploiting child in third world country to provide comfort/health/affordability to you?...Example :

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iYnH3fQH7c

• No education• No choice in life• No information• Suffer discrimination• Firms make profit on their innocence

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iYnH3fQH7c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iYnH3fQH7c


2. Internet



Number of Internet User 2010


Number of Internet Users as Percentage of country’s Population


Internet CensorShip


Internet in Europe


Twitter Statistics

Twitter Company Statistics DataTotal number of active registered Twitter users 500,250,000Number of new Twitter users signing up everyday 150,000Number of unique Twitter site visitors every month 180 millionAverage number of tweets per day 55 millionNumber of Twitter search engine queries every day 1.6 billionPercent of Twitter users who use their phone to tweet 41%Percent of tweets that come from third party applicants

60%

Number of people that are employed by Twitter 175Number of active Twitter users every month 100 millionPercent of Twitters who don’t tweet but watch other people tweet

40%

Number of days it takes for 1 billion tweets 5 daysNumber of tweets that happen every second 8,900Twitter Annual Advertising Revenue Revenue2013 (Projected) $399,500,0002012 $259,000,0002011 $139,000,0002010 $45,000,000


Facebook Statistics Data

Total number of active Facebook users900 million

Total number of minutes spent on Facebook each month700 billion

Percent of all Facebook users who log on in any given day 50%Percent of 18-34 year olds who check Facebook when they wake up 48%Percent of 18-34 year olds who check Facebook before they get out of bed 28%Average number of friends per facebook user 130Average number of pages, groups, and events a user is connected to 80Average number of photos uploaded per day 250Global Facebook Reach StatisticsNumber of languages available on the Facebook site 70Percent of Facebook users who are outside the United States 75%Number of users who helped translate Facebook 300,000Facebook Platform StatisticsAverage number of aps installed on Facebook each day 20 millionTotal number of apps and websites integrated with Facebook 7 millionFacebook Mobile Phone StatisticsNumber of Facebook users who access the site through a mobile device

350 million

Every 20 Minutes on FacebookLinks shared 1 millionFriends requested 2 millionMessages sent 3 million

FaceBook Statistics


1.) 35 hours of video footage is uploaded to the site every minute2.) Over 13 million hours of footage was uploaded in 20103.) More video is uploaded every 60 days than the three major US television networks produced in 60 years4.) Each week, YouTube receives the equivalent of 115,000 full-length feature films in uploads. YouTube Demographics5.) 70% of YouTube traffic comes from outside the U.S. 6.) YouTube is localized in 25 countries across 43 languages7.) The base age demographic for YouTube is 18-54YouTube Views/Usage/Content8.) Over 2 billion videos are viewed every day9.) YouTube Mobile gets over 100 million views per day10.) In 2010, there were over 700 billion video playbacks11.) A full 10% of YouTube videos are in HD12.) There are 7,000 hours of full-length movies and television episodes available on YouTube. Monetization & Copyright On YouTube13.) 2 billion video views per week are monetized14.) Hundreds of partners are making six figures

per year15.) 94 of AdAge's top 100 advertisers have run campaigns on YouTube16.) The total number of advertisers using YouTube has increased 10-fold in the last year17.) There are currently over 10,000 official partners18.) Content ID--YouTube's automated system that serves as a copyright-violation watchdog--scans 100 years' worth of content every day19.) 1000 partners are now using Content ID 20.) Over one third of YouTube's total monetized views come from Content ID.YouTube & Social Video21.) Over 5 million people have found and subscribed to a friend's channel using YouTube's friend-finding tools22.) Every auto-shared tweet results in six new YouTube.com browsing sessions23.) More than half the videos on YouTube have been rated or commented on by users24.) Over 4 million people are connected and auto-sharing to at least one social network25.) Every day, millions of clips are "favorited" and millions of subscriptions occur

Youtube Statistics


2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100 Global ICT developments, 2001-2011Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions

Individuals using the Internet

Fixed-telephone subscriptions

Active mobile-broadband subscriptions

Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions

Per 1

00 in

habi

tant

s

Source: ITU World Telecommunication /ICT Indicators database


2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2001-2011

Developed

World

Developing

Per 1

00 in

habi

tant

s

The developed/developing country classifications are based on the UN M49, see:http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/definitions/regions/index.htmlSource: ITU World Telecommunication /ICT Indicators database


2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

10

20

30

40

50

60Developed

World

Developing

Per

100

inha

bita

nts

The developed/developing country classifications are based on the UN M49, see: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/definitions/regions/index.htmlSource: ITU World Telecommunication /ICT Indicators database

Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2007-2011


2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Subscriptions (in millions)

Per 100 inhabitants

Mob

ile-c

elul

lar

subs

crip

tions

(m

illio

ns)

Per

100

inha

bita

nts

Global mobile-cellular subscriptions, total and per 100 inhabitants, 2001-2011

Source: ITU World Telecommunication /ICT Indicators database


Denmark

Iceland

Norway

Luxembourg

Singapore

United Arab Emirates

Hong Kong, China

Liechtenstein

Macao, China

Monaco

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

Top 10 countries with the lowest ICT prices, 2010

2010

2008

ICT Price Basket (=Price as a % of income)

Source: ITU Measuring the Information Society 2011


Growth in Internet based advertising revenue


• In groups of five, think about top 5 ways you have collaborated with your peers on Internet?

• And than think how would the same activities happen without internet?

• Than discuss the new possibilities of collaboration in internet world !!!

Could be in commenting on facebook, sharing videos, re-tweeting on twitter, tagging on facebook, gaming, poker, assignments

Activity 2


Global Internet Map 2011

http://r3zn8d.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/global-internet-map-2011-x.png


What is Advocacy?

• The act of pleading or arguing in favor of something, such as a cause, idea, or policy; active support.

(The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Ed © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company)

• The ability of an organization to facilitate communication between citizens and decision makers

( “Using Online Advoacy” available at www.groundspring.org)

• Comprehensive efforts to grow membership, engage potential supporters, cultivate relationships, build communities, raise awareness, and mobilize constituencies around a cause. (“Using Online Advoacy” available at www.groundspring.org)

Courtesy : www.npower.org


Examples of Advocacy

• GreenPeace• India Against Corruption• PETA • Oxfam• Campaign Against Nuclear Disarmament• Pro-Choice Movement vs Pro-Life

Movement


Business Oriented Advocacy

• Energy Lobby• National Rifle Association• Greenpeace• Financial Services Roundtable


Competing Advocacy Groups

• War on Iraq (for vs against)• Life (abortion vs life)• Nuclear Disarmament (peace vs security)• Strict environment regulation

(environment vs jobs)• Immigration Debate in Denmark

(equality vs social security depletion)• Capitalistic markets vs Socialistic

markets


Coal vs Wind

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-FhIgtoLxU

• Coal• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_xcv

pM-UV0• Wind

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-FhIgtoLxU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-FhIgtoLxU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_xcvpM-UV0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_xcvpM-UV0


BuzzWords in Advocacy

• E-campaign, Campaign

• Protests• Activism• Debates• Impact• Policy• Engage• Recruit• Retain• Mobilize

• Motivate• Take Action• Outreach• Inform• Activate• Effectuate• Sympathize• Equality


Strategies Adopted by Activists

Strategies & Tactics

Goal:To Win

LowProfile

MediumProfile

HighProfile

Quiet Negotiation Meet Civil Servants Share Information Non-Public Briefs

Continued Negotiation Meet Civil Servants Public Briefs “Feed” Opposition Appear at Committees MPP Visitations Alliances with Other Groups Letters to MPP’s/Newspapers

Public Criticism P.R. and Ad Campaigns Work Opposition Release Information Letter Writing Demonstrating & Rallies


Activity 2

• How do you get your information? In what ways can you bring your voice and concerns?


How do you get information?


What are traditional platforms of information sharing and communication?

• Newspaper• Word of Mouth• Television/Radio• HamRadio/ Amateur Radio• Observation• Internet


E-Activism

Courtesy: The New Breed of Activism What it is, How it is applied, How you use it By: Gautam Raju and Eyal Halamish


Diffusion of Information

• One way• Networks• Collaborative Information exchange


Who are the gatekeepers of Information?

• Government with the power of law• Business Tycoons with control over

media• Media Editors• Server and information router


What is social media?• Social media is a web-based and mobile based technologies forum which is used to

turn communications into interactive dialogue among organizations, communities and individuals, e.g. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Pintrest, internet forums, weblogs, social blogs, podcast, photographs or pictures, video, rating and social bookmarks.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AN-kIJI_5wg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AN-kIJI_5wg

Elanor Colleoni Micheal Etter Anirudh AgrawalSlides developed from Elanor Colleoni Class Courtesy: The New Breed of Activism What it is, How it is applied, How you use it By: Gautam Raju and Eyal Halamish


Crowdsourcing• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=ZSTurPXtDAw&NR=1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=ZSTurPXtDAw&NR=1


Facebook and Twitter are Bigger Than Many Countries

x xx


But they aren’t the top social networks in every country.


Optimists

• Yes, digital media is changing everything• Makes it easier for people to communicate, organize

protests, and other movements• Don’t have to rely on the mainstream media anymore.

(Wikileaks!)• Iran protests – Twitter, YouTube• UK Student Protests – Twitter (organising)• Change from a media that talks AT you (TV) to a media

you use to communicate (Facebook, Email, Mobiles)


Wikileaks

• “We open governments”• Allows people to give – and get – raw

information without relying on the traditional news media.


Twitter in….Iran

• Al Jazeera (10 Jan 2011): “In the summer of 2009, the word on everyone's lips was "Iran." As the youthful Green Movement rose up against what they perceived to be a tampered election, the world banded together in solidarity. The hashtag #iranelection trended on Twitter for weeks, while media outlets spoke of a "Twitter revolution."

•


Twitter in London

• Student protests last month (December 2010) against fees.

• Activists used Twitter and Google Maps to avoid police, and send messages to each other about where to organize.


Pessimists

• No, digital media doesn’t change everything• People’s tastes are still for entertainment• Not everyone has access to digital media anyway,

particularly poorer people• Television still reaches a much bigger global audience• Even with Wikileaks, most people learn about it from

mainstream media.• Even in Iran, and London, Twitter/new media not the

cause of revolution


Even Wikileaks relies on mainstream media to get the word out…


Iran 2009– Mostly outsiders tweeting

• ‘Twitter functioned mainly as a huge echo chamber of solidarity messages from global voices, that simply slowed the general speed of traffic,’ (Harkin 2010)

• Most actual protests organized by text or word of mouth (the old fashioned way).


But even “rich” countries have uneven access.

• 1/3rd of Americans don’t use fast internet


People Still Spend More Time Watching TV and Film than on the Internet


Television Audiences Can be in the Billions (Compare to Facebook and Twitter numbers earlier)

• 1. Michael Jackson’s Funeral – 2.5-3 billion?

• 2. Princess Diana’s Funeral – 2 billion

• 3. 2010 FIFA Final – 1.75 Billion

• 4. Funeral of Pope – 1 Billon people

• 5. Rescue of Chilean Miners – 1 billion people.


Civil Society Organization


What is Civil Society?

• Developmental Non Governmental Organizations

• Citizens Groups• Self Help Groups • Professional Associations• Registered Charities• Business Associations• Trade Unions• Faith Based Associations• Coalition and advocacy Groups etc.


What is Civil Society?

“Civil society or civil institutions can be in totality referred to as voluntary, civic and social organisations or institutions which form the basis of a functioning society as opposed to the force backed structures of a state (regardless of that state's political system)”.


What is a Civil Society?Civil Society Organization

Corporation

Aim Social Value Creation Economic Value Creation

Role of Profit Non Profit Making Profit Maximizing

Activities Production of social services like : Advocacy, activism, human rights movement, grant-giving

Production based on demand demand and supply in the market in relation to profit maximization

Funding Grants, donations Self Funding, market

Governance Participation, democratic, stakeholders and other social factors

Based merit, capital


Functions of Civil Society Organization

Civil Society’s involvement occupies a critical place in the governance process and promotes good governance by facilitating people’s collective action for attaining sustainable socio-economic outcomes for the common good of the society.



• Citizenship Development: For citizens to be active in public affairs and participate in efforts that promote good governance.

• Policy Formulation and Advocacy: Influencing the decisions of legislators, elected representatives and public administrators

• Watchdog role: Playing a crucial role in evaluating the policies and actions of the Government

• Counterbalance State and Business: Crony Capitalism, plurality,


• Welfare Service Delivery: Providing necessary institutional basis for service delivery.

• Impacting Electoral Politics: Impacting the outcomes of the electoral process

• Reform and Social Change: Serve as an instrument for reform and social change

• Collective Action: Facilitating peoples collective action in attaining sustainable socio-economic outcomes



Social Movement is a

• challenge to – authorities, power-holders, OR– cultural beliefs and practices – (NOTE: others would say “actions to promote or

resist social change”)• that is

– collective (multiple people)– organized (coordinated, at least to some degree)– sustained (lasts a while, not just one outburst) and – non-institutional (the most problematic part of a

standard definition – outside the “normal” structures or routines of society. More about this shortly.)


Different ways of defining movements

• As groups of people (the most natural idea): BUT a movement can continue as the people in it come and go

• As a (single) challenge that lasts a long time – but misses the complexity of movements

• As preferences for change (i.e. as sets of ideas) (McCarthy & Zald 1977 – commonly cited) BUT although the preferences bound a movement, they are not the thing itself

• As sets of actions with common orientations toward social change preferences


Another, related way of defining terms

• Collective action (esp. protests): people act together in some concerted fashion.

• Collective campaign: series of collective actions oriented toward the same general social change goal bounded by space, time, and/or participants

• Social movement: a complex set of collective campaigns and other collective events broadly oriented to the same general goal– Emphasis on complexity, diffuse boundaries– Competing definitions, orientations within the

movement


Organizations

• Social movement organization (SMO): an organization (with boundaries, members, a structure) explicitly oriented toward movement goals. National Organization for Women. NAACP. Greenpeace.

• Other organizations (sometimes called “preexisting” organizations) may be part of movements, but their “purpose” is not the movement. I.e. churches, unions, fraternal organizations, government agencies.

• All the organizations in a social movement taken together may be called a social movement sector (but the term is NOT popular)

• BUT . . .


Social Movement Private Organization

Governance Leader driven, Ideology driven, Social Values driven can be hazy as well

Capital Driven, Market opportunity driven

Goals Hazy but values driven Well Defined

Stakeholders Agreement is loosely bound, differences may occur over a period of time, commitment is shaky

Agreement towards common goal, long term commitment

Organizational Characteristics Case by case (PETA vs Vegetarian food)

Organized

Organizational structure Loose, based on shared values, difficult to bind togather over a long period of time, leadership is not well defined

organized

Financials Not defined, personal finance, philanthropy, church

Well defined

Sustainability Short term, maximum year Long term



The basic questions about movements

Why are there social movements?

How are there social movements?


Why movements? Depends on the question

• Why do people need movements? Issues of disadvantage, power differentials

• Why do people think they need movements? Issues of interests, grievance formation, ideologies.

• Why are people able to form movements? Issues of resources, capacities, opportunities.

• Why do movements succeed? Issues of opportunity, strategy.

• Why do movements rise and fall? Issues of coevolution, dynamics.

We will be discussing all these different issues!


Coevolutionary Theory

• Builds on political process• Stresses that movements change/evolve not

only from their own internal logic but in interaction with other actors

• Stresses that regimes, opponents, media, etc. ALSO change/evolve in interaction with movements

• Historical trajectories are the consequences not only of the movement’s choices but of what others do.

• No actor can control outcomes, because the outcomes are ALSO a product of others’ actions and choices AND ALSO sheer luck & external circumstances like the weather


state

marketCivil society


• http://edition.cnn.com/video/?hpt=ibu_t2#/video/business/2013/02/22/intv-wbt-sony-playstation-house.cnn


Online Activism

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHhCP5ad-zM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHhCP5ad-zM











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Advocacy equality web 2.0