ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kz¿§ob In∂cw - Malankara Orthodoxmarthoman.tv/images/C. P. Chandy.pdf · Sabhakavi C. P. Chandy Malankara Sabhayude Swargeeya Kinnaram K. V. Mammen Kottackal

k`m-Ihn kn. ]n. Nm≠n

ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS

kz¿§ob In∂cw

Sabhakavi C. P. Chandy

Malankara Sabhayude Swargeeya KinnaramK. V. Mammen KottackalJoice ThottackadPublishers : Kottackal Publishers, P. B. 10,

ManganamKottayam - 686018 , KeralaPhone: 0481 - 2578936

Second Edition : May 2006First web Edition : April 2007Typesetting & Printing : Sophia Print House, Kottayam Ph: 3255054

sI. hn. amΩ≥

tPmbvkv tXm -bv°mSv

]km-[-I¿:

tIm -bv°¬ ]_vfn-tjgvkv]n. _n. 10, amßm-\w, tIm´bw 686 018

t^m¨: 0481 ˛ 2578936

k`m-Ihn kn. ]n. Nm≠n

ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS

kz¿§ob In∂cw

sI. hn. amΩ≥

P\\w 1930 ¬ ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn¬. ]nXmhv Fw.

h¿Kokv tIm´-bv°¬, Xpº-a¨. amXmhv adn-bm-Ω.

_ncpZ _ncp-Zm-\-¥c ]T-\-Øn\p ]pdta \mKv]q¿

bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂v tP¿W-enkw Untπmam Ic-

ÿ-am-°n. ae-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a-bn¬ 40-˛Dw N¿®v ho°n-en-

bn¬ 50-˛Dw h¿jw ]Xm-[n] kanXn AwK-ambncp-∂p.

Ct∏mƒ "ae-¶ck`-' amknIbpsS ]Xm-[n] kanXn

AwKw. 45 h¿j-w ]pXp-∏≈n \ne-bv°¬ ]≈n kt≠-

tPmbvkv tXm´-bv°mSv

Kth-j-I\pw ]X-]-h¿Ø-I\pw ]km-[-I\pw.

tkm^nbm _pIvkv, KnKdn Hm v C¥ym ÃUn sk‚¿,

]utemkv am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv tUm v C≥t^m, C¥y≥

Hm¿ØtUmIvkv ‰n. hn. F∂n-h-bpsS ÿm]-I≥.

ae-bm-f- `mj-bnse BZy Ncn-X-K-Ÿ-amb \ncWw

KŸ-h-cn-, BZysØ e£-W-samØ bmXm-hn-h-c-W-

amb Du¿t«w bmXm-hn-h-c-Ww \mem-asØ bmXm-hn-

h-c-W-amb sImfw_v bmXm-hn-h-c-Ww F∂nh Dƒs∏sS

kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I-\mbncp∂p. ae-¶ck`-bnse ImtXm-en-°m-am¿, ]cn-ip≤

HutK≥ _mhm, ]mºmSn Xncp-ta-\n, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n, _nj∏v hm¬jv,

2000 h¿jw ]n∂n´ ae-¶ck`, Ce-™n-°¬ tPm¨ h°o¬, ]pØ≥Im-hv

sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n, bm®m-cw, C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`: Ncn-Xhpw

kwkv°m-chpw, ae-¶c h¿Kokpw B\-∏m∏nbpw apX-embn k`m Ncn-X -˛ -

Poh-Ncn-X-]-[m-\-ß-fmb ap∏-Xn¬]cw KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Øm-hv.

hnemkw: tIm´-bv°¬, amßm-\w, tIm´bw ˛ 18 t^m¨: (0481) 2578936

ap∏-tXmfw KŸ-ß-fpsS ]km-[-I≥.

]utemkv am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkns‚ t]gvk-W¬ Akn-Ã‚ v, am¿ KotKm-dn-

tbmkv ût≠-js‚ ÿm]I skI-´-dn, ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m

hn⁄m-\-tIm-i-Øns‚ FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ AknÃ‚ v F∂o \ne-I-fn¬

]h¿Øn®p.

`mcy: tim` aIƒ: tkm^nb

IrXn-Iƒ: ]ImiØntebv°v Hcp Xo¿∞-bmX (]utemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-

tbm-kns‚ Poh-N-cn-Xw), Ipń-I-fpsS Xncp-ta\n (]utemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbm-

kns‚ Poh-N-cn-Xw), BZnak`m tPymXn- p-Iƒ (FUn‰¿), ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS

kz¿Kob In∂-cw (FUn‰¿), ImtXment°‰ns‚ \n[n (FUn‰¿).

hnem-kw: tkm^nbm ]n‚ v lukv, sXt°-\S, tIm -bw˛1

t^m¨: 0481 3255054 (O), 99471 20697 (M), 2463776, 2462825 (R)

D≈S°w

A`n-\-µ-\hpw Biw-kbpw

k`-bv°p-th≠n PohnXw ka¿∏n® tijvT k\ymkn

Hc-¤pX Ihn

BapJw

Ah-Xm-cnI

7 BapJw

8 \J-NnXw

9 \ΩpsS Bcm-[-\m-N-cnXw H‰-t\m-´-Øn¬

10 ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS Bcm-[m-\m-I-a-ßƒ:

shÆn-°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS ]¶v

11 Bcm-[\m kmln-Xy-Øns‚ I¿Ω-Imfiw

12 _mey-Imew

13 kz¿§ob In∂cw

14 Imhy-]-]-©-Ønse ]Pm-]Xn

InkvXob `P\ Io¿Ø\w

15 \ΩpsS Bcm-[\m KoX-ßƒ

16. s]m∂m-S-bn¬ s]mXn™ k`m-Xmc ]pc-kvImcw

17. A¥ym- n-hm-Z\w

IpSpw-_-Øns‚ \µn

`mKw 2 cN-\-Iƒ

1 lqtØmtΩm

2 ImtXm-en°m awKf Km\w

3 as‰mcp awKf Km\w

4 Hcp al-®-caw

5 ]dp-Zo-km-bnse ]m´v

6 Ggp IqZm-i-Iƒ

A`n\µ\hpw

Biwkbpw

\ΩpsS k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠n

bpsS kaKamb PohNcnXw ]kn≤

s∏SpØp∂Xn¬ hfscb[nIw kt¥m

jap≠v. k`bpsS ImXemb Bcm[

\Ifpw \akvImcIaßfpw F√mw

Xs∂ k`mwKßƒ°v H´pw a\ nem

ImØ kpdnbm\n mjbn¬ \n∂p \Ωp

sS ap≥KmanIfmb ]cnip≤ ]nXm°

∑mcpsS \n¿t±im\pkcWw efnX kpµchpw A¿∞\n¿` chpw

ImhymflIhpamb aebmfKoXßfmbn hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX kn. ]n.

Nm≠nbpsS alØmb tkh\w ae¶c k`bv°v Hcn°epw hnkvacn

°m\mhn√.

At±lØns‚ _lp`mjm ]mfinXyhpw, Zo¿L£abpw, ]cni

aioehpw, ssZhmibhpw k¿t∆m]cn k`mkvt\lhpw sIm≠mWv

AXpeyamb Cu IrXyw \ndth‰m≥ Ign™sX∂p \ap°p Xd∏n®p

]dbm\mhpw. k`bpsS Bflob PohnX][m\amb Bcm[\m Km\

cN\Isf kw_‘n®nStØmfw CXb[nIw anI® tkh\w sNbvX

as‰mcp hy‡nsb Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠n¬ k`bv°p Z¿in°phm≥

Ign™nńs√∂pw FSpØp ]dbs´.

hm¿≤IyklPamb £oWw aqew hniaPohnXw \bn°p∂

At±lØn\p hcpwImeßfn¬ t£ahpw ssZhm\pKlhpw Biw-

kn°p∂p.

"k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠n: ae¶ck`bpsS kz¿§ob In∂cw' F∂

Cu PohNcnXØns‚ ]n∂Wn]h¿ØIcmb sI. hn. amΩ≥,

tPmbvkv tXm´bv°mSv F∂nhsc \mw A`n\µn°pIbpw ]m¿∞\

tIƒ°p∂ k¿∆i‡≥ Ahtcbpw A\pKln°s´ F∂v Biw-

kn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

_t entbmkv am¿tØmΩm

amXyqkv ZznXob≥ ImtXmen°m _mhm

ImtXment°‰v Aca\

3˛6˛1997

Hc¤pXIhn

Nm≠nkmdns‚ PohNcnXw ]kn≤s∏SpØp∂Xn\p≈ \nßfpsS

DZyaw hnes∏´XmsW∂p Rm≥ IcpXp∂p. k`bpsS Bcm[\-

Iaßfnse KoXßƒ CX at\mlcambn Ih\w sNbvX k`mI-

hnsb FX BZcn®mepw A[nIamIbn√.

]gbskan\mcnbn¬ aebmfw ]Tn∏n°phm≥ Ipsd Imew Nm≠n

km¿ Xmakn®t∏mƒ ASpØp ]cnNbs∏Sm≥ km[n®p. F∂m¬

]pkvXIØn¬ tN¿°Ø° kw`hßƒ H∂pw Ct∏mƒ Hm¿Ωbn√.

B≠S°ap≈ s]¶okm ]m¿∞\Ifnse KoXßƒ Ih\w sNøp

hm≥ th≠n t\csØ c≠p h¿jw skan\mcnbn¬ Xmakn®p. amdm\m

bs∏cp\mƒ XpSßnb ]tXyI Znhkßfnse s]¶okm ]m¿∞\m

KoXßƒ aebmfKm\ßfm°nbn√. Ah X¿÷a sNbvXv KoXß

fm°ns°m≠ncp∂t∏mƒ kmdn\p tcmK_m[bp≠mbn hońte°p

aSßn. ]Øp ]¥≠p s]cp\mfpIfpsS (Z\l, amb¬tXm, IqSmcw

apXembh) s]¶okm KoXßƒ km¿ Ih\w sNbvXp F¶nepw Ah

ho≠pw ]mSnt\m°n icnbm°phm≥ IgnbmsX t]mbn. Ah m. Sn.

Pn. kJdnbmbpsS ssIhiw D≠v (^m. kJdnb Ah ^m. Fw. ]n.

tPm¿Pns\ Gev]n®ncn°pIbmsW∂p a\ nem°p∂p. F∂p

]pdØp hcpsa∂p \n›ban√).

km¿ ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ ]tXyI Ir] e`n® Hc¤pX IhnbmWv.

"apSnIƒ apS™p' F∂ KoXØnse "HńØInSv' If™p thsdm∂p-

≠m°mtam F∂p Rm≥ Hcn°¬ tNmZn®p. km¿ s]s´∂v Ah \mep-

XcØn¬ Ih\w sNbvXp ˛ \nanj Ihn.

amΩ®s‚bpw tPmbvkns‚bpw ]pkvXI ]kn≤oIcW DZyasØ

ssZhw A\pKln°s´.

F≥. sI. tImcpXp aev]m≥

hShptImSv

12 ˛ 5 ˛ 97

k`bv°p th≠n PohnXw

ka¿∏n® tijvT k\ymkn

ae¶ck`bpsS Bcm[\m kmlnXyØn\v AhnkvacWobamb

kw`mh\Iƒ \¬Inb alXv hy‡nbmWv k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠n

km¿. Xs‚ PohnXw ]cn]q¿Æambpw k`bv°p th≠nbpw, k`bpsS

Bcm[\m kwKoXØn\p th≠nbpw ka¿∏n® Hcp tijvT k\ymkn-

bmbncp∂p At±lw.

aebmf mjbnep≈ AKm[ ]mfinXyhpw, \n¿Ωeamb a\ pw,

`mh\mflIamb t_m[Xehpw, ssZhØns‚ Znhyt]cWmflIamb

Ir]bpw IqSn ktΩfn®t∏mƒ kz¿§ob In∂cambn ]cnWan°pIbm

bncp∂p At±lw.

At±lØns‚ PohnX GSpIfn¬ \n∂v ]I¿ØnsbgpXm≥ sI.

hn. amΩ\pw, tPmbvkv tXm´bv°mSpw sNøp∂ ]bXv\sØ \mw A\p

tamZn°p∂p. Cu ]pkvXIw k`bv°v G‰hpw ]tbmP\]ZambnØo

cs´sb∂v Biwkn°pIbpw ]m¿∞n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

ssZhw A\pKln°s´.

_t entbmkv am¿tØmΩm

ZnZntamkv ]Ya≥

BapJw

]cn-ip-≤-\mb am¿tØmΩm «olm- ÿm]n® ae-¶ck -bpsS Bcm-

[m\m kmln-Xy-kp-[sb t\cmb hgn-Øm-c-bn-eqsS Cu \q‰m-≠n¬

Xncn-®p-hn´ ]Xn- m-[-\-\mb Imthym-]m-k-I-\m-Wt√m k`m-Ihn shÆn-

°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n. `‡n-Km\ cN\m cwKØp a‰m¿°pw e`n-®n-ń-

√mØ D∂-X-amb k`m-Ihn ]´w Inń-bn´pw At±-l-Øns‚ k¿§m-

flI cN-\-Ifpw AXp-ey-amb kpdn-bm\n Km\ ]cn-`m-j-Ifpw At±l-

Øns‚ ac-W-ti-jhpw k`mw-K-ßƒ th≠hn[-Øn¬ a\- n-em°n

]mSp-Itbm Bg-ta-dnb ]T-\-Øn\p hnj-b-am-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-ń-s√-

∂p≈ ZpxJ-kXyw Rßsf thZ-\-bpsS Ccp≠ Xmgvh-c-bn-em-°n. B

ZpxJw A\p-hm-N-I-cp-ambn ]¶pshbv°p-∂-Xn\pw XZzmcm sXs√m-cm-

izmkw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\pw k¿t∆m-]cn At±-l-Øns‚ k`m kmlnXy

tkh-\-ßsf bYm-hn[n A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n-bmWv Cu

hmMva-bw.

k -bpsS Bcm-[\m kmlnXy Ncn-X-sØ-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ hnIm-

k]cn-Wm-a-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw sNdnb tXmXn¬ \S-Ønb Kth-jW ]T\-

^-e-ßƒ k`mw-K-ßƒ°v ]I¿∂p sImSp-t°-≠Xv CXp-hsc a‰mcpw

Cu cwK-tØ°p IS-∂p-h-∂n-ń-√mØ ÿnXn°p kzbw Gs‰-SpØ

I¿Ø-hy- `m-c-ambpw tXm∂n. Rßƒ t\cn-´-dn-™n-´p-≈Xpw I≠n-´p-

≈-Xp-amb Imcy-ßƒ°p ]pdta kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS tkh-\sØ

hne-a-Xn-°p∂ Nne kap-∂X hy‡n-I-fpsS A`n-]m-b-ßfpw CXn¬

Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-´p-≈-Xn-\m¬ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Ig-ºpw ImXepw Ipsd-

sb√mw h¿≤n-®-Xmbpw Rßƒ Icp-Xp-∂p. k`m-I-hn-bpsS kw`m-h-\-

Iƒ k`-bnse C∂sØ Xe-ap-dbv°pw hcpw-X-eapdIƒ°pw a\- n-

em-°m≥ Cu ]pkvXIw sXs√-¶nepw klm-bn-®m¬ Rßƒ [\y-

cmbn. sXmÆqdn¬ FØnt\m°n IS-∂p-t]mb kn. ]n. Nm≠n°v Hc¿

∞-Øn¬ ae-¶c k`mw-K-ßfpw mjm kvt\ln-Ifpw kplr-Øp-°fpw

a‰pw tN¿∂p ka¿∏n°p∂ Hcp Xncp-ap¬ImgvN-bmbpw Cu ]pkvX-

IsØ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-hm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂p. CXns‚ cN-\-bnepw ]km-

[-\-Ønepw ]Xy-£-ambpw ]tcm-£-ambpw th≠-hn[w t]m’m-l\w

\¬Ip-Ibpw kl-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\lhpw A`n-

\-µ-\hpw ChnsS IrX-⁄-Xm-]q¿∆w Bte-J\w sNøp-∂p.

k`m-I-hnsb Zim-_vZ-ß-fmbn ASp-Ø-dn-bm-hp∂ Xpº-a¨ `Zm-

k\ saXm-t∏m-eoØm ôen-t∏mkv am¿ butk-_ntbmkns‚ Ah-

Xm-cnI kzbw kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. kn. ]n. Nm≠nsb Kpcp-hmbn

10 ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kz¿§ob In∂cw

ImWp∂ At±lw k`mIhnbv°v A¿ln-°p∂ ÿm\w k` \¬In-

bn-ń-s√∂p Nq≠n°m-´p-tºmƒ AXv `qcn-]£w k`mw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw

A`n-]mb ]I-S-\-ambn Xocp-I-bmWv. ]≠v \n -lm-b-\m-bn-cp∂ saXm-

t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v ]n∂oSv klmblkvXw \o´m≥ Ign-™p. hy‡n

_‘-Øns‚ K‘-ap-≈ AhXm-cnI ]pkvX-I-Øn\pw ]cn-afw Nm¿-

Øp∂p F∂v ]d-bm≥ AXn-c‰ kt¥m-j-ap≠v. kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS

aqØ ktlm-Z-c\pw Zo¿L Imew tImb-º-Øq-cnse Hcp ]apJ Hmt´m

samss_¬ _nkn-\-kp-Im-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂ ]tc-X-\mb kn. ]n. tXma-

ns‚ ]pX-∑m-cmb kn. ‰n. ^nen-∏pw (kÆn), G_lmw kn.

tXmakpw (Xºn), kn. ‰n. tXmakpw (t__n) Xß-fpsS ]i-kvX-

\mb ]nXrktlm-Z-cs‚ PohNcnXw D≠m-Ip-∂p-sh-∂-dn™v hfsc

b[nIw k¥pjvSn ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Cu kwcw-`sØ t]m’m-ln-

∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX kwK-Xnbpw ChnsS kk-t¥mjw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm≥

BK-ln-°p-∂p.

kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS ktlm-Z-cn-amcpw Ah-cpsS a°fpw sIm®p

a°fpw F√mw Xs∂ Nm≠n kmdns‚ PohNcnX cN-\-bn¬

kt¥mjw ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p≠v. A∂m-Ω (Abn-cq¿), Gen-bm-Ω (amth-

en-°c), Ip™Ω (sNß-cq¿), kmdmΩ (tImg-t©cn) F∂n-h-cmWv

kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS ktlm-Z-cn-am¿. ]nXrktlm-Z-c-\m-bn-cp∂ hnZzm≥

sI. kn. hdp-Ko-kns‚ ]pXn adn-bm-Ωbpw (HmXd) kzk-tlm-Z-cnsb

t∏mse Xs∂-bmWv Icp-X-s∏-´-Xv. kz¥w ktlm-Z-c-∑mcpw ktlm-Z-

cn-am-cpsS `¿Øm-°∑m¿ F√m-hcpw adp-Ic IS-∂p-t]mbn. aqØ-

ktlmZcn A∂-Ω-bpsS ]pX≥ t__n-bpsS (Xmg-a¨, sh≈-b-d,

Abn-cq¿ t\m¿Øv) IqsS-bmbn-cp∂p kn. ]n. Nm≠n hni-aPohnXw

A√-sem∂pw Adn-bmsX \bn®ph∂Xv. 1997 sabv amkw sI. hn.

amΩ≥, kn. ]n. Nm≠nsb Abn-cq-cn¬ FØn I≠p Ipi-em-t\z-jWw

\S-Øp-Ibpw PohNcnXcN\ kw_-‘n® Imcyw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-

t∏mƒ At±lw hfsc k¥p-jvS-\mbn ImW-s∏-´p. ]c-kv]cw I≠n´v

GXm\pw h¿ß-fm-sb-¶nepw amΩs\ I≠ amX-bn¬ "amΩ-®≥ at\m-

ca' F∂v ]d-bp-Ibpw hnti-j-ßƒ Bcm-bpIbpw D≠mbn. ]mbm-

[n-Iy-Øns‚ £oWw H∂pw Z¿in-°m-\m-bn√. Ac \q‰-m≠n-e-[nIw

]g-°-ap≈ AXpey kulr-Z-Øns‚ ]gb Nncn Xs∂.

kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS Bflm-hn\p ac-Wm-\-¥cw \∑ -t\-cp-tºmƒ

At±lw cNn® Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Cuc-Sn-Iƒ Xs∂-bmWv Rß-fpsS

\mhn≥Xpºn¬ HmSn- FØp-∂Xv.

""B\-ssµ-iz-cy-ß-sfgpw amkm-_vZ-ßsf \¬I-Wta.''

ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kz¿§ob In∂cw 11

k¿t∆-m]cn Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnZym¿∞n ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Hcp

kPoh ]h¿Ø-I\pw A`yp-Z-b-Imw-£nbpw Bbn Zo¿L-Imew

tkh\w A\p-jvTn® kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS PohNcnXw BZyw

kl¿jw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ apt∂m´ph∂ hnZym¿∞n ]ÿm-\-

tØmSpw ap≥ skI-´-dnbpw k¿∆¿°pw A`n-a-X-\pamb ^m. tPm¨

tXma- n-t\mSpw D≈ \µn Rßƒ A`n-am\]q¿∆w Adn-bn-®p-sIm-

≈p∂p.

"k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠n, ae-¶ck -bpsS kz¿§ob In∂cw' F∂

Poh-N-cnX ][m-\-amb \√ ]pkvXIw ]Øp h¿jw apºp ]kn-≤-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw AXv k`m-≤y-j-\m-bn-cp∂ ]. amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥

_mhmsb sIm≠p Zo¿L-Imew kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS I¿Ω-`q-an-bm-bn-

cp∂ ]Ø-\w-Xn´ sk‚ v Ão^≥kv IØo-U-en¬ h®p ]Im-i\w

sNøn-°p-∂-Xn\pw km[n-®-Xn¬ henb kt¥mjw D≠m-bn. F∂m¬

alm-\mb k`m-Ihn A¿ln-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ ]pkvXIw sa®-am-bn-

√t√m F∂ ZpxJ-Nn¥ Rß-fn¬ A¥¿eo-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]pXnb

]Xn∏p th≠nhcp-tºmƒ Ipd-hp-Iƒ Ipsd-sb√mw Xo¿°m-sa∂pw Icp-

Xn-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ k`bpw ]e taev]-´-°mcpw sshZn-Icpw k`mw-K-

ßfpw k`m-I-hn-bpsS tkh-\-Øns‚ hne a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xnt\m

]pkvXIw hmßn hmbn-°p-∂-Xnt\m, th≠ t]m’m-l\w \¬Ip∂-

Xnt\m apt∂m´p h∂n-√. At±lw cNn® ]m´pIƒ \nXyhpw Be-]n-

°p-∂-hcpw Ihn-sb-∏-‰nbpw Bfl ssNX\yw XpSn-°p∂ Ihn-X-bn¬

AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nXy-k-Xy-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw ssZhnI Nn¥Isf∏‰nbpw

Nn¥n°msX Hcp \n wK at\m-`mhw h®p ]pe¿Øp-∂p F∂p ]d-

bp-∂-Xmhpw Gsd icn. Ccp-]Xp e£-tØmfw k`mw-K-ß-fn¬

GXm\pw t]¿ amXta k`m-I-hn-sb-∏-‰nbpw At±-l-Øns‚ k`m

kmln-Xy-tk-h-\-sØ-∏-‰nbpw tIƒ°p-Itbm a\- n-em-°p-Itbm

sNbvXn-´p-≈p.

k -bpsS B≤ym-flnI afi-e-Øn-ep≈ ISpØ \n¿÷o-h-m-h-ÿ-

bpsS Hcp Af-hp-tIm¬ amX-am-Wn-Xv. Hcn-S-h-Ibpw kt≠-kvIqfpw

c≠p ]pkvXIw h®p hmßn hmbn-®m¬ c≠m-bn-c-Øn¬∏cw tIm∏n-

Iƒ sNehmIpw. hmbn-°mØ sshZn-I¿°pw, hmbn-°m-Ø-hcpw ]mSm-

Ø-h-cp-amb k`mw-K-ßƒ°pw arKob `qcn-]-£-ap≈ ae-¶ck` Km\-

ß-fn-eq-sSbpw kvXpXn-∏p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw kXy-ßƒ icn-bmbn a\- n-

em-°p-Itbm \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n-

s√-∂p-≈-Xn\p sXfn-hp-Iƒ thsd tXtS-≠-Xn-√. k -bpsS HutZymKnI

]kn-≤o-IcW-ß-fpsS ]Nmcw t]mepw ]Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬


C√-sX. Rmb-dmgvN ]≈n-I-fn¬ hcp∂ Ccp-]Xp iX-am-\-tØmfw

k`mw-K-ß-fn¬ sXmÆq‰nH≥]Xp iX-am-\hpw B≤ym-flnI ]kn-≤o-

I-cW Imcy-ß-fn¬ A£-c-hn-tcm-[n-I-fp-am-bn-cn-°pw.- ]-≈n-bn¬ hcm-

Ø-h-sc-∏‰n H∂pw ]d-tb-≠-Xp-an-√. ]≈n-s®-e-hn¬ hmßn-h-®n-cn-°p∂

Ip¿_m\-Iaw t]mepw FSpØv Hcp aWn-°q¿ ssIbn¬ ]nSn®v Bcm-

[-\-bn¬ A¿∞-h-Ømbn ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xnt\m ]Xn-hm-Iy-ßƒ bYm-

k-abw Dcp-hn-Sp-∂-Xnt\m k`mw-K-ß-fn¬ ]ecpw C∂pw hnap-JX

Im´p∂p. Bcm-[\ Ah-km-\n-°m-dm-Ip-tºmƒ ]≈n-∏-d-ºn¬ hcn-Ibpw

]Øn-cp-]Xp an\n‰v ]≈n-ap-‰sØ ac-Ø-W-en¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw

ImWn°- t]mepw A¿∏n-°msX Xncn-®p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]pd-

tºm°p InkvXym-\n-I-fmWv C∂p ae-¶ck`-bn-ep≈ KWy-amb Hcp

hn`m-K-sa∂p ]d-™m¬ FXncp ]d-bm≥ Bfp-Iƒ Ipd-bpw. k`bv°p

Poh\pw ssNX-\yhpw C√m-Ø-Xns‚ ImcWw ""NØ-Xn-s\m-°pta

Pohn-®n-cn-°nepw'' F∂ ań-¬ Ign-bp-∂-h¿ Xs∂. k`mNcn-Xtam

k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpsS Poh-N-cn-Xtam k`-bpsS hnizm-km-Nm-c-ßtfm

]m¿∞-\-Itfm Ah ]I¿∂p \¬Ip∂ Bflo-bm-\p-`q-Xntbm C°q-

´¿°p A\y-am-bn-cn-°pw. P\\w sIm≠p \ma-t[b InkvXym-\n-I-fmb

Cu hn`m-K-°m¿°p k -sb∂p ]d-™m¬ amtam-Zo-km, hnhmlw, ih-

kw-kvImcw F∂nh bYm-k-abw km[n-®p-In- p∂ kwL-S\ F∂-Xn¬

A∏p-d-ambn H∂p-an-√. AtX-k-abw ]e¿°pw ]≈n-bpsS c-W-Ønepw

s]mXp-tbm-K-Ønepw Hs° apJym-k-\-ßƒ e`n-°-W-sa∂p \n¿_-

‘-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. \mep t]c-dn-bm≥ th≠n Imcy-a-dn-bmsXbp≈

hna¿i-\-ß-fn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw Ch¿ hym]r-X-cm-bn-cn°pw.

]≈n-°-Ωn-‰n-bnepw Zm-k\ Iu¨kn-enepw amt\-PnwKv IΩ-n‰nbn-

epw (I-Ωn‰n AwK-ß-fn¬ ]ecpw k`bv°v `qj-W-a√ F∂ ]cmXn

D≠v) IS∂p IqSm≥ hnhcw Ipd™ CØ-c-°m¿ Hgn-hm-°m-\m-hmØ

Ipº-kmcw apX-emb kml-k-Øn\pw hnt[b\m-Ipw. InkvXob hn\-

b-Øn\pw IuZm-in-I-amb Pohn-X-Øn\pw s]mXpth Ch-cn¬ ]ecpw

hnap-J-cm-bn-cn-°pw. CØ-c-°msc B≤ym-flnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ I\I

tkm]m-\-ß-fn-te°v Db¿Øm≥ th≠n Hcp ]pcp-jm-bp p apgp-h≥

sNe-h-gn®p IS-∂p-t]mb kn. ]n. Nm≠n kz¿§Øn-en-cp∂psIm≠v

C∂pw `qan-bnse kz¿§ob Bcm-[-\-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m-Ø-h-scbpw

]mSmØ am∏n-f-amscbpw I≠p ZpxJn-°p-∂p-≠m-hpw. F¶nepw tbip-

InkvXp ]mXm-f-Øn¬t∏mbn kphn-tijw Adn-bn-®-Xp-t]mse ]mSm-

Ø-h¿°v th≠n k`m-Ihn ho≠pw ]m¿∞-\m-Km-\-ßƒ cNn-°p-∂p-

≠m-hpw. Bcpw aS-ßn-h∂p ]d-bp-∂n-s√∂p amXw.


H∂mw ]Xn∏n\p tijap≈ kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS ]Øp- h¿jsØ

Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ Xs∂ hni-a-th-f-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. shÆn-°p-f-Øn-

\-Sp-Øp≈ πm¶-a-Ænse ktlm-Z-cn-bpsS hoń¬, XnI™ IpSpw-_m-

¥-co-£-Øn¬ At±lw kwXr-]vX-\mbn Ign-™p. th≠-Xn-e-[nIw

Fgp-Xp-Ibpw hmbn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX hy‡n-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ PohnX

kmbm-”-Øn¬ Ch c≠n¬ \n∂pw Hgn-™p-\n∂p. H∂p c≠p XhW

At±-lsØ hoń-se-Øn-°m-Wm≥ Ign-™p. At∏m-sg√mw \√ Hm¿Ω-

tbmsS Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw k-t¥mjw Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw D≠mbn F∂p

FSp-Øp-]-d-b-s´.

Nm≠n kmdns‚ Hcp ktlm-Z-cnsb ]pcm-X-\-amb Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`-bn¬ \n∂p doØn¬ sIń-®-b-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. X∂n-anØw Nm≠n-

km-dns\ hm¿≤-Iy-Im-eØv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` Ah-K-Wn®p F∂v

doØp ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ "sFIy-Zo]w' F∂ hmtdme kam-\-amb

amknI ASp-Ø-Im-eØv Ah-Im-i-s∏´ Imcyw Hm¿°p-∂p. "_Y\n

Bi-ahpw doØp ]ÿm-\hpw' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ doØp ]ÿm-

\-Øns‚ X\n-\n-dhpw s]mbvap-Jhpw h©-\bpw A\n-tj-[y-tc-J-I-

fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Xpd-∂p-Im-ń-bXn\m¬ B ]pkvX-I-tØm-Sp≈

Aa¿j-amWp kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS t]cn¬ "sFIy-Zo]w' ]I-Sn-∏n-

®Xv. doØp-Im¿ sNm√p∂ Bcm-[-\m-Ko-X-ß-fn¬ qcn- m-Khpw (Hm¿Ø-

tUm-Ivkp-Imsc ]nSn-°m-\mWp Km\-ßƒ am‰m-Xn-cp-∂-Xv) Nm≠nkm¿

cNn-®Xm-I-bm¬ Ah¿°pw Hc-f-hn¬ At±-lsØ kwc-£n-t°≠

Npa-X-ebps≠∂p ÿm]n-°m-\m-hpw.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bv°p ]mb-ap≈ Ahn-hm-ln-X-cmb sshZn-I-

scbpw Bflob ]h¿Ø-I-scbpw hntZi klmbw sIm≠p kwc-

£n-°p∂ ]tXyI h-\-ßƒ Cs√-∂p-≈Xv Hcp Ipd-hm-sW∂p kΩ-

Xn-®m¬ Xs∂bpw AXv Bt£]w A¿ln-°p∂ Hcp Imcy-a-√t√m.

k¿°m¿ s]≥j\pw k -bpsS klm-bhpw Dƒs∏sS ]Xn-amkw 5000

˛¬ ]cw cq] e`n-®n-cp∂ kn. ]n. Nm≠n Nne doØp-Im¿ ]dbpw]Imcw

sX≠nbpw A\m-Y\pw H∂pw A√m-bn-cp∂p F∂v "sFIy-Zo-]hpw'

Adn-™n-cn-°pw.

Hcp saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°p Xpey-amb _lp-a-Xn-I-tfmsSbmWp

kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS I_-d-S°w \S-Øn-b-Xv. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am¿°p

]pdsa Zi-°-W-°n\p sshZn-Icpw iX-°-W-°n\p k`m-kvt\-ln-Ifpw

hnem-]-bm-X-bnepw ih-kw-kvIm-c-Ønepw ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. h©-\-

bn¬ P\n®pw Btcm-]-W-ß-fn-eqsS hf¿∂pw h≥ hntZi klmbw

kzoI-cn®pw C√m-Ø ÿm\-ßƒ Igp-Øn¬ Ipdn-®n´pw apt∂m-´p-t]m-


Ip∂ Hcp ]ÿm\w \S-Øp∂ ASn-ÿm\cln-X-amb BtIm-i-ßƒ

Bcpw Imcy-ambn Ku\n°p-I-bn-s√-∂p-≈-XmWp hkvXp-X.

k`m-Ihn \ΩpsS Bcm-[-\sb kºp-jvS-am-°nb coXn-I-sf-∏‰n

B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn A]-K-Yn®p ]T\w ka¿∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Bcm-[-\-

bnepw k`m-N-cn-X-Ønepw \√ Ah-Km-l-ap≈ ^m. tUm. tPmk^v

Noc≥ F∂ sshZnI\mWv.

Xs‚ Kpcp-ÿm-\ob\pw Ab¬hmknbpw Bbn-cp∂ kn. ]n.

Nm≠nsb th≠-hn-[-Øn¬ Adn-™m-cm-[n®pw A¥y-Im-eØv ]e-

t∏mgpw kµ¿in®pw h∂ Xpº-a¨ Zm-k\ saXm-t∏m-eoØm oen-

t∏mkv am¿ butk-_n-tbm-kmWv Nn¥m-_-‘p-c-amb Ah-Xm-cnI

Bfl-\n¿hr-Xn-tbmsS Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. k¿t∆m-]cn ]. am¿-

tØmΩm ZnZntamkv H∂m-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS Biwk Cu

kz¿§ob In∂cØn\v Hcp s]m∂n≥ Xne-I-am-Wv. _lp-am-\y-cmb

Ch-sc-√m-h-tcm-Sp-ap≈ IrX-⁄X Adn-bn-°p-∂p.

]pkvXI ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬ k¥pjvSn ]I-Sn-∏n®p t]m’m-

l-\-ßƒ \¬Inb ]e-cp-≠v. Ah-cn¬ kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS tPyjvT

ktlm-Z-c≥ kn. ]n. tXma-kns‚ (tIm-b-º-Øq¿) ]pX-∑m-cmb kn.

‰n. ^nen∏v (k-Æn), G_lmw kn. tXmakv (X-ºn), kn. ‰n. tXmakv

(t_-_n) F∂n-h-tcm-Sp≈ ]tXyI \µnbpw ChnsS kk-t¥mjw

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Bcm-[\ cNn® kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpw AXp \nXyhpw Be-]n®p

h∂ ]. amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ Xncp-ta-\n-bpw kz¿§-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ tNtXm-

lc ImgvN Rß-fpsS lrZbt\X-ßƒ°p Ah¿Æ-\o-b-amb Ipfn¿a

\¬Ip-∂p-≠v.

Cu Poh-N-cnX cN-\-bn¬ k¥pjvSn ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw BZy ]Xn-

∏n\v "A`n-\µ\-hpw Biw-kbpw' Fgp-Xn-Ø-cp-Ibpw sNbvX ae-¶c

k -bpsS ap≥ ]c-am-≤y-£-\mb _t -en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv

ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m_mhm-sb BZ-c-]q¿∆w A\p-kva-cn-°p∂p. kn.

]n. Nm≠nsb hf-sc-b-[nIw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ k`m

kmlnXy kw`m-h-\-I-fpsS icn-bmb aqeyw a\- n-em°n "k`m Xmcw'

F∂ ]Zhn \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvX ]pWykvac-Wm¿l-\mb amXyqkv

ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS ]mh-\-kva-c-Wbv°p apºn¬ ae-¶ck`-bpsS

\ne-bv°mØ "kz¿§ob In∂-c'-Øns‚ c≠mw ]Xn-∏ns\ Rßƒ

XnI™ kwXr-]vXn-tbmSpw Bfl-l¿j-tØmSpw ka¿∏n-®p-sIm-

≈p∂p.


`mhn-bn¬ kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS kmln-Xy-kw-`m-h-\-I-sf-∏‰n Iqe-

¶-j-ambn ]Tn-°m-s\m-cp-ßp-∂-h¿°v Cu In∂cw Hcp s]mt∂m-S-°p-

g-em-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂mWp Rß-fpsS ip`-]-Xo-£.

sI. hn. amΩ≥

tPmbvkv tXm´bv°mSv

tIm´bw

4˛5- 2006


AhXmcnI

k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠n

AsshZnIcpsS CSbnse

A]Jym]nX ]cnip≤≥

k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠nkm¿ \sΩ hn´p]ncn™n´v Cu sabv

\men\p Hcp h¿jw XnIbpIbmWv. k`bv°pw, kaqlØn\pw, hm°n-

eqsSbpw ]hrØnbneqsSbpw k∑mXrIbneqsSbpw henb kw`mh-

\Iƒ \¬Inb tijamWv At±lw temItemN\ßƒ°p ImWm≥

IgnbmØ ]ctemItØ°p t]mbncn°p∂Xv. At±lhpambn Zo¿-

LImesØ kulrZm\p`hßfmWv F\n°p≈Xv. Nm≠n kmdns‚

kPohamb ]h¿Ø\ImeØv Hcp ]t£ k`bpsSbpw k`mwK-

ßfpsSbpw mKØp\n∂p th≠ ]cnKW\tbm AwKoImctam At±-

lØn\p e`n®ncp∂n√ F∂ hkvXpX hnkvacn°p∂n√. F∂m¬

PohnX kmbm”Øn¬ k`bpw Zmk\ßfpw _‘p°fpw kvt\ln-

Xcpw At±lsØ th≠ t]mse IcpXn kwc£n®ncp∂p F∂p kk-

t¥mjw ]dbm\mhpw. XnI®pw B≤ymflnIhpw [m¿ΩnIhpamb ]mX-

bn¬ I¿Ω\ncX\mbn ka¿∏W PohnXw \bn® At±lw AsshZn-

IcpsS CSbnse Hc]Jym]nX ]cnip≤\mbncp∂p F∂p ]dbm≥

F\n°v H´pw aSnbn√.

k`mIhnbpsS Hcp eLp PohNcnXw 1997˛¬ ]kn≤s∏SpØnb-

t∏mƒ AXns‚ AhXmcnI FgpXm\p≈ `mKyw F\n°mWp e`n-

®Xv. F∂m¬ B ]pkvXIw Nm≠n kmdns\∏‰nbp≈ ]q¿Æamb

Hcp hnebncpØ¬ As√∂pw 1997 apX¬ 2005 hscbp≈ ]e Imcy-

ßƒ ]dbm\ps≠∂pw KŸImc∑mcmb sI. hn. amΩ\pw tPmbvkv

tXm´bv°mSn\pw t_m≤yap≈Xp sIm≠mWv Ah¿ ]pXnb hkvXpX-

Iƒ tN¿Øv ]cnjv°cn® c≠mw ]Xn∏nd°nbncn°p∂Xv. CtX∏‰n

Fs‚bpw kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsSbpw NncIme kplrØmb sI. hn.

amΩ≥ Ft∂mSv t\csØ D]tZi \n¿t±ißƒ BcmbpIbpw

kºq¿Æ PohNcnXw A\nhmcyamsW∂p Rm≥ A`n]mbs∏Sp-

Ibpw sNbvXn´p≈XmWv.

AXnthKw ]m™psIm≠ncn°p∂ ImeØns‚ IpsØmgp°n¬

Hcp ]t£ hnkvacn°s∏Sm\nSbp≈ k`bnse kap∂X hy‡n-

IfpsS PohNcnXßƒ k`bv°p ]ct]cW IqSmsX Ignh\pkcn®p


kw`mh\ sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂ sI. hn. amΩs‚bpw tPmbvkn-

s‚bpw AXntijvTamb tkh\Øns‚ Hcp `mKambn´mWp Rm≥

Cu ]pkvXIsØ IW°m°p∂Xv. ]ikvXnbpw kmºØnIt\´-

ßfpw e£yam°msX \SØp∂ CØcØnep≈ A£ctkh\-

Øns‚ bYm¿∞ amlmflyw hcpwImeßfnembncn°pw IqSpX¬

AwKoIcn°s∏SpI.

shÆn°pfw N°me°pt∂¬ oent∏mkv D]tZinbpsS I\njvT

]pX\mb kn. ]n. Nm≠n hfsc sNdp∏Ønse Xs∂ aebmfØnepw

kwkvIrXØnepw AhKmlw t\Sn. ]n∂oSv kpdnbm\n, Ad_n XpS-

ßnb `mjIfpw hiam°n. 1940 ˛Ifn¬ tIm´bw ]gbskan\mcn-

bn¬ Xmakn®psIm≠v kn≤\mb ]. _t entbmkv KohdpKokv

ZznXob≥ ImtXmen°m_mhmbpsS A\pKlmin pItfmsS kpdn-

bm\nbnep≈ Bcm[\mKoXßƒ X¿÷na sNbvXp XpSßn. XpS¿∂p

h´°pt∂¬ amXyqkv am¿ AØm\mtkymkv saXmt∏meoØm,

ae¶c aev]m≥ tIm\m´p G_lmw IØ\m¿ F∂nhcpsS \n¿t±-

ihpw klIcWhpw B¿÷n®p. C∂p ae¶ck`bn¬ \nehnencn-

°p∂ Bcm[\mKoXßƒ F√mw Xs∂ kn. ]n. Nm≠n `mjm¥cw

sNbvXp k`bv°p ka¿∏n®XmWv. Cu AXpey tkh\Øn\p k`mw-

Kßƒ F√mhcpw kn. ]n. Nm≠ntbmSp hfsc ISs∏ńcn°p∂p F∂

kXyw k`bp≈ ImetØmfw ad°m\mhn√.

XmcXtay\ sshInbmWv kn. ]n. Nm≠n ]Ø\wXn´bnse ]i-

kvXamb ImtXment°‰v sslkv°qfn¬ A≤ym]I\mbn \nban°-

s∏´Xv. ]pØ≥Imhv am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv saXmt∏meoØm Bcw`n®

t_kn¬ Zbdmbn¬ Xmakn®psIm≠p A[ym]IhrØntbmsSm∏w

k`bnse hnhn[ B≤ymflnI ]ÿm\ßfn¬ h¿≤nX Xmev]cy-

tØmsS At±lw BKa·\mbn. Um\ntb¬ am¿ ôeIvknt\mkv

saXmt∏meoØmbpsS kvt\lhm’eyßƒ°p ]mXo`qX\mb

k`mIhn `Zmk\Ønse Bflob kwcw`ßfn¬ Gsd°mew \nd-

™p\n∂p. dn´b¿ sNbvX tijhpw Zo¿LImew F¨]Xp hb p

hsc tkh\w XpS¿∂p. _mekamPw, kt≠kvIqƒ, bphP\ ˛

hnZym¿∞n ]ÿm\ßƒ apXemb kwLS\Ifn¬ F√mw At±lw

Ahn`mPy LSIhpambncp∂p. ¢m pIfnepw ]kwKßfnepsa√mw

\¿Ωw \nd™p \n∂ncp∂p. Ibv]p≈ acp∂pIƒ ]©kmcbn¬ ]pc-

ńs∏mXn™p \evIp∂Xpt]mse Bgamb BflnIkXyßƒ

timXm°fpsS lrZba\ pIfn¬ FØn°p∂Xp \¿Ω ckØneq-

sSbmbncp∂p. AXv Hckm[mcW Ignhpambncp∂p. Cu _lpapJ


]h¿Ø\ßfneqsS Hcp \√ Kpcp`qX≥, `‡\mb k`mkvt\ln,

]kwKI≥, Ihn F∂o cwKßfn¬ ]tim`n®p.

B≤ymflnI ]h¿Ø\taJeIfn¬ Rßƒ kl]h¿ØI-

cmbncp∂p F¶nepw At±lw F\n°p kvt\lkº∂\mb aqØ

ktlmZc\pw Kpcpÿm\ob\pamsW∂p ]dbp∂Xmhpw Gsd icn.

Hcp kw`hw ]tXyIw Hm¿°pIbmWv.

1957 Unkw_¿ amkØn¬ hnZym¿∞n]ÿm\Øns‚ I\I

Pq_nentbmS\p_‘n®p ae_mdn¬ apXpIpfØp (\neºq¿) \S-

Ønb h¿°v IymºneqsSbmWv Rßƒ hfsc ASpØp ]cnNbs∏-

Sp∂Xv. Rm≥ A∂v CutdmUn¬ Z£nW sdbn¬th DtZymKÿ-

\mWv. Nm≠nkmdns‚bpw sI. hn. amΩs‚bpw a‰pw t\XrXzØn¬

IpSntb‰°m¿°mbn apXpIpfØv Hcp tZhmeb \n¿ΩmWØn¬

]¶ptNcpIbmbncp∂p ]ÿm\mwKßƒ. CS\mń¬ \n∂p apXpIp-

fØp IpSntbdn∏m¿Ø 26 IpSpw_ßfmbncp∂p HcmgvN Rßƒ°p

I™nbpw I∏bpw a‰pw £Wambn \¬InbXv. h\Øns‚ \Sphn¬

tIm®p∂ XWp∏n¬ cmXnbn¬ Bgn Iqń Nm≠nkm¿ cNn® ]m´pIƒ

XmfmflIambn Rßƒ ]mSptºmƒ, FgpXpsa¶nepw ]mSmØ Nm≠n

km¿ AXy[nIw kt¥mjn°pambncp∂p. ]IesØ D’ml]q¿∆-

amb ]Wn aqew ]≈nbpsS XdsI´v HcmgvN sIm≠v Rßƒ ]q¿Øn-

bm°n. ]n∂oSv ]tXmkv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv ]≈n \n¿Ωn®p \evIn.

A∂p XpSßnb D‰ kº¿°w A©p ZiIw XpS¿∂p. 1962˛¬ dbn¬-

thbnse DtZymKw cmPnh®v skdmºqcn¬ ]Tn°phm≥ t]mIptºmƒ

BZyh¿jw aebmfØn¬ Hcp t]∏¿ FgpXWambncp∂p. AXn\v

Rm≥ \n¿t±ißfpw klmbhpw tXSnbXv Nm≠n kmdn¬ \n∂mWv.

At±lw A∂p X∂ \n¿t±ißƒ hfsc ]tbmP\s∏´p. A∂p

apX¬ At±lsØ "Kpcpth' F∂mWv Rm≥ kwt_m[\ sNbvXp

h∂Xv.

1985˛¬ taev]´°mc\mbn HmKÃv H∂mw XobXn t_kn¬ Aca\-

bn¬ Xpºa¨ `Zmk\Øns‚ AknÃ‚mbn Rm≥ NpaXesbSp-

°ptºmƒ Nm≠nkm¿ \¿Ωt_m[tØmsS Fs∂ A`nkwt_m[\

sNbvXXv "Xpºa¨ `Zmk\Øns‚ \n lmb saXmt∏meoØm'

F∂mWv. At±lØns‚ Dƒ°mgvNbpw hnthN\mi‡nbpw hfsc

hnes∏´Xmbn A\p`hs∏Sp∂Xn\v A[nIw Xmakw th≠nh∂n√.

Fgp]Ø©p hb p XnI™t∏mƒ t_kn¬ Aca\bn¬ IqSnb

s]mXpktΩf\Øn¬ At±lsØ s]m∂mSbWnbn®pw, kΩm\-

ßƒ \evInbpw Rßƒ BZcn®p.


sdbn¬th DtZymKÿ≥, ]ptcmlnX≥, sshZnIskan\mcn A≤ym-

]I≥, Zmk\ saXmt∏meoØm F∂o \neIfnsems° Rm≥ ]h¿-

Øn°ptºmgpw At±ltØmSp≈ kvt\lhpw _lpam\hpw h¿≤n®p

h∂tXbp≈p. Rßƒ Hcpan®v t_kn¬ Zbdmbn¬ Ign®pIqńb

Ahkcßƒ hfsc hnes∏´Xmbn Rm≥ ImWp∂p.

hm¿≤IyImeØv IqSpX¬ imcocnI ipiqjIƒ Bhiyamb-

t∏mƒ kz¥w ktlmZco]pX≥ Abncq¿ Xmga¨ t__ntbmsSmØv

Xmakn®p. kabw In´ptºmƒ Rßƒ At±lsØ kµ¿in®ncp∂p.

2005 s^_phcn amkØn¬ At±lsØ Ahkm\ambn I≠t∏mƒ

FSpØ t^mt´mIƒ Rm≥ hnes∏´Xmbn kq£n°p∂p. At±lw

acn°ptºmƒ Rm≥ \mń¬ C√mbncps∂¶nepw Cw•≠n¬ \n∂p

XncnsI FØnbtijw sabv 7˛mw XobXn F√m _lpaXnItfmSpw

IqsS DNnXambn Xm≥ Zo¿LImew Xmakn®ncp∂ t_kn¬ Zbdm¶-

WØnse am¿ t_kn¬ Nm∏en\p ]Sn™mdphiap≈ ]tXyI

skantØcnbn¬ At±lsØ kwkvIcn°m≥ kwKXnbmbn.

Rm≥ Xmakn°p∂ saXmk\Aca\bpsS Nm∏ens‚ kao]Øp

ÿnXnsNøp∂ Nm≠n kmdns‚ kv]µn°p∂ I_dnSØn¬ \n∂pb-

cp∂ ktµißƒ k`mwKßsf kw_‘n®nStØmfw C∂pw F∂pw

Hcp sh√phnfnbmsW∂p Rm≥ ]et∏mgpw Nn¥n°mdp≠v. AXn[\y-

\mbncp∂ k`mIhnsb \ap°p ]Zm\w sNbvX ssZhsØ alXz-

s∏SpØns°m≠p ""ae¶ck`bpsS kz¿§ob In∂cw'' At\Imbnc-

ßfn¬ IpSnsIm≈p∂ ZpjvSmflm°sf ]pdØm°m≥ klmbn°p-

sa∂p≈ ip`]Xo£tbmsS k`mwKßƒ°p th≠n kkt¥mjw

ka¿∏n°pIbmWv.

]m¿∞\miwkItfmsS

ôent∏mkv am¿ butk_ntbmkv saXmt∏meoØm

]Ø\wXn´

CuÃ¿ Zn\w

16 ˛ 4˛ 2006


1\J-NnXw

ktlm-Zco]pX-\mb πm¶-a¨ t__n-bpsS `h-\-Øn¬ sXmÆq-

dns‚ XnÆ-bn¬ IÆ-S-sbt\y IÆ-S-bmsXbncn-°p-tºmgpw H‰- t\m -

Øn¬ Ac kmbn-∏ns‚ \ndw. A©Sn A©-c- C©v Dbcw. Ij≠n

IS-∂m-I-an® inc- ns‚ ]n≥h-isØ hnP-\-ta-J-e-bpsS ]m¿iz- mKw

]d∂p\S-°p∂ GXm\pw Xe-\m-cn-g-Iƒ B—m-Z\w sNøm≥ hn^-e-

iaw \S-Øp-∂p. hnc-e‰w hsc \ofp-∂- Xq-sh≈ Pp_. sh◊-bn¬

J´m-hns‚ U_nƒ thjvSnsb sh√p∂ kpXm-cy-c-lnX H‰ a∑¬

ap≠v. Ing-°-∑m-sc-t∏mse, H-cn-°epw ap≠p aS-°n-°p-Øn \S°mØ

sX°≥. CS-Xq¿∂ ]pcn-I-s°m-Sn-Iƒ. th≠m-ØXp ImWmØ ]Im-

i-\-amb IÆp-Ifpw Bsc-¶nepw \nL-≠p-hn¬ C√mØ hm°p-Iƒ

D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ ]nSn-s®-Sp-°mØ ih-W]pSßfpw. Un√n\p sse≥

\n¿Øp-tºmƒ \nc sX‰n-°p∂ ]n©p ss]adn hnZym¿∞n-I-sf-t∏m-

se-bp≈ Z¥-\n-c. ]km-Zm-fl-I-amb apJm-c-hn-µw. ]p©ncn Xßn-\n-

ev°p∂ A[-c-bp-K-fw. inc- nepw a\- nepw ck-\-bnepw kZm BflnI-

Km\ iI-e-ß-fpsS eoem-hn-em-kw. temI-Øn-em-sW-¶nepw Nn¥bpw

`mh-\bpw hnl-cn-°p-∂Xv Hmtkm¨]mfnsb Dcp-Ωn-°n-S-°p∂ Hmbm-

dnepw temImtemN\-ßƒ°p Zriy-a-√mØ Cº-ß-fpsS ]dp-Zo-km-

bnepw. F¬. ]n. Pn. Ãu IØn Pzen-°p-tºmƒ \ap°v AXp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ knen-≠-dnse C‘\w ImWm-\m-hm-Ø-Xp-t]mse Ihn-Xz-

Øns‚ \nd-Ip-S-amb kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS lrZ-b-Øns‚ Bgw Af∂p

t\m°m\pw km[n-®n-cp-∂n-√.

]nt≈cpw ]≈nbpw ]≈n-°q-Shpw Bbn-cp∂p CjvS-s∏´ Xnaq¿Øn-

Iƒ. Ihn -I¿Ω -Ip-i-eX kZm Xmcm´p ]mSp∂ kc-kzXo hnf-bm-´w.

_lp-`mjm ]mfinXyw AXn\p Xne-I-®m¿Ø-Wn-bn-®p. Xm≥ cNn®

Km\-ß-fpsS Xmfm-fl-I-amb hoNn-Iƒ F∂pw hnin-jy, BgvN-h-´-

Øns‚ H∂mw \mfn¬ Aw_-c-tØmfw Db¿∂p taL- ta-J-ebpw

IS∂p kz¿§- k-Z-\-Øns‚ I\-I- I-hm-S-Øn-eqsS ]th-in®p Ahn-

sSbpw A\p-cW\w krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn¬ A\n¿h-N-\o-b-amb Hcm-fl

kw-Xr-]vXn. k\ym-k-Øns‚ ka-kvX`m-h-ßfpw kzmwio-I-cn®

sshcmKn. hkvX-m -bnepw kzmZn-jvT-amb t`mPy-ß-f-nepw sX√pw B`n-

ap-Jy-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ efnXPohnX t]an. hmbn®pw ]Tn®pw ]mSnbpw Fgp-

Xnbpw NnØ-]-Imiw Is≠-ØmØ am∏n-fam¿ am∏v A¿ln-°p-∂n-

s√∂p ]d™v Ah-tcmSv AIta Aev]w Aa¿j-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ htc-


Wy-\mb mjm-kvt\ln. Xam-i-Iƒ ]d-bp-Ibpw Ah Xe- a-d∂v Bkz-

Zn-°bpw H∂p-a-dn-bmØ ań¬ ]p©n-cn°pIbpw AXn-eqsS sIm®p-

sIm®p Imcy-ßƒ hen-b-h-sc-t∏mepw ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ ian-°bpw sNbvX

Ejn-Xp-ey-\mb ap≥jn.

]mb-Øn\p Ah[n \evIns°m≠p \n¿t±m-j-amb ênX]tbm-

K-ßƒ aqew Xs∂bpw D‰ kvt\ln-X-tcbpw \p≈n ckn-∏n® klr-Z-

b≥. in£Ww sX‰n-°mØ Zb-dm-°m-c≥. Aßs\ t]mIp∂p ]Ø-

\w-Xn´ ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkv°q-fnse ae-bmfw ¢m p- I-gn™p

kmbm” \S-∏n-\mbn GIm¥]Yn-I-s\-t∏mse F∂pw Ip∂n-dßn

\S-∂p-hcp∂ km£m¬ k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠n F∂p ]d-™m¬

At±-l-Øns‚ GXm-s≠mcp \J-Nn-X-am-bn. Xm≥ Zo¿L-Imew Xma-

kn-® t_kn¬ Zb-dm-bpsS A¶-W-Øn¬ ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS hm\-ºm-Sn-

bm-bn-cp∂ kn. ]n. Nm≠n A¥y-hn-iaw sIm≈p-∂p. Aßp adpIc

I-S∂p F¶nepw C°-c-bn-ep≈ Rßƒ F∂pw Ahn-Sp-∂p cNn® Km\-

ßƒ ]mSptºmgpw AXp-hgn ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°p-tºmgpw Rß-

fpsS ]nb-s∏´ k`m-I-hnsb A\p-k-vacn°pw; Xo¿®.

Rm≥ I≠ Nm≠n

Bbp- ns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw 2005 sabv 4 hsc- -\-h-Xn hsc

˛ "ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]m-hc bpK-Øn¬' Pohn® k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠n-

bpsS ]hn-Xhpw \n»_vZ kpµ-chpw Xe-ap-dI-sf kv]¿in-°p-∂Xpw,

hym]-I-hp-amb k`m tkh-\-ßsf A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xpw, Cu H∂mw

Nc-a- hm¿jnI-Øn¬ Bfl-l¿j-Zm-b-I-amb Hcp khn-ti-jm-\p-`hw

Xs∂-bm-Wv.

]Ø\wXn´ am°mw-Ip∂p sk‚ v Ão^≥kv CS-h-I-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂

Rm≥ anUn¬ kv°qfnepw k¨tUkv°qfnepw ]Tn-°p∂ Ime-L´w.

1942 apX¬ c≠p h¿j-tØmfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n am°mwIp∂n¬ …o_m-

Zm-k-\m-bn-cp-∂p. kt≠-kv°qƒ Ipń-Isf Xs‚ ck-I-c-amb IY-I-fn-

eq-sSbpw AwK-hn-t£] ][m-\-amb ]kw-K-Øn-eq-sSbpw BI¿jn-

°phm-\p≈ Ignhv ˛ Ccp-ºns\ Im¥w -t]m-se ˛ H∂p thsd-bm-bn-

cp∂p.

…o_m-Zm-k-∑mcm-bn-cp∂ ^m.- sI. Fw. kJ-dnbm tIm¿-F-∏n-

kvtIm∏m, ^m. ‰n. Pn. Ipcym-t°m-kv, kn. ]n. Nm≠n F∂n-h-tcm-

sSm∏w i\n-bm-gvN -tXmdpw k‘ym-th-f-bn¬ Imcn-°p-f-Øp≈ ZfnXv

InkvXym\n h-\-ß-fnse ]gb Xg-∏m-I-fn-en-cp-∂p≈ ]kw-Kw, ]m¿-

∞\, ]m´v apX-em-b-h-bn¬ Rm\pw ]s¶-Sp-Øp- h-∂n-cp-∂p. A∂p


_me-\mb Rm≥ k`m-Im-cy-ß-sf-∏‰n XnI®pw A⁄-\m-bn-cp∂p

F¶nepw AsX√mw kt¥m-j-ßfpsS k‘y-I-fmbnØs∂ Hm¿Ω-

bn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. …o_m-Zmk kaq-l-Øns‚ tkh\ ]h¿Ø-

\-ß-sf-∏‰n Ipsd-sb√mw a\- n-em-°p∂Xn\pw F\n°p kaq-l-tØmSv

Fs¥-∂n-√mØ Hcm-`n-apJyw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw kn. ]n. Nm≠n apX-

em-b-h-tcm-sSmØp sNeh-gn® aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ klm-bn-®-n-´p-≠v. Xncn-

™pt\m°p-tºmƒ CsX√mw a[p-c-kva-c-W-I-fpsS bYm¿∞ ]cn-

thjw AWn-™n-cn-°p∂p F∂-XmWp hkvXp-X.

Fw. ]n. ]tXmkv dºm≥ (]n-∂oSp am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv saXm-

t∏m-eo-Øm) F√m aI-c- am-k-Ønepw am¿ kvtX^m-t\mkv kl-Zm-

bpsS s]cp-∂m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v Rß-fpsS ]≈n-bn¬ hm¿jnI

k©mc at[y h∂p Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw ]kw-Kn-°p-Ibpw hn[-h-Iƒ°p

tImSn-hkvXw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-∂p. A∂p apX¬ dºm-®-\p-

ambn ASp-Øn-S-s]-Sm\pw …o_m-Zmk kaq-l-Øns‚ Hcp‰ kvt\ln-

X-\m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw F\n°p km[n®p. ChnsS AX ]k-‡-a-s√-¶nepw

Bdp Zim_vZw apºp \S∂ ad-°m-\m-hmØ Hcp kw`hw ]d-b-s´.

A°m-eØv Hcn-°¬ am°mw-Ip∂p ]≈n-apdnbn¬ ]`mX £Ww

Ign®psIm≠n-cp∂ ]tXmkv dºm®≥, ]ta-l-tcmKw aqew, ]qh≥-

]gw Xn∂msX am‰n-h-®p. "B amΩs\ Cßp hnfn°v.' `£Ww H´pw

]mgm-°mØ dºm®≥, skI- dn Sn. hn. ]oen-t∏m-k®t\mSp ]d-™p.

]pdØp\n∂n-cp∂ Rm≥ AIØpsN∂-t∏mƒ Hcp ]p©n-cn-tbmsS

Hcp henb ]qh-ºgw F\n°p X∂p. "amΩ≥ Xnt∂m. F\n°p ]ta-

l-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬ Xn∂m≥ hø.' B ]p©ncn X©nb apJm-c-hn-µhpw

A\p-K-l-]-Z-amb kvt\l-kv]¿i\hpw At±lw Imew sNbvXn´p

\mep Zim_vZw ]n∂nń´pw Fs‚ a\- n¬ kPo-h-ambn \ne-\n-

ev°p∂p. `mKy-kvac-Wm¿l-\mb Xncp-ta\n-bp-am-bp≈ henb ASp-∏-

Øn\p kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpw ]tcm-£-ambn klm-bn®p F∂p ]d-bp-∂-

Xmhpw Gsd icn. kaq-l-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ H´-[nIw ]h¿Ø-I-cp-

ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm≥ kuIcyw e`n® F\n°p IS-∂p-t]mb ^m. Sn.

Pn. Ipcym-t°m-kv, ]n. ]n. h¿°n, Sn. hn. ]oen-t∏mkv tIm¿-F-∏n-

kvtIm∏m, sI. Fw. kJ-dnbm tIm¿F-∏n-kvtIm-∏m, k`m-Ihn kn.

]n. Nm≠n apX-em-b-h-scbpw AX-thKw hnkva-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. kn. ]n.

Nm≠n ka¿∞-ambn ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂, A£-cm¿∞-Ønepw kap-∂-X-

amb sslkv°qfn¬ Rm\pw t\csØ ]Tn-®-Xm-Wv. ]t£ At±lw

sshIn h∂-Xn\m¬ F\n°v injy-\m-Im≥ km[n-®n√. AtX kabw

Kpcpÿm\o-b\pw apXn¿∂ kplrØpw k`mkmlnXy Imcy-ß-fnepw


a‰pw kam-\- Nn¥m-K-Xn-°m-c\pw Bbn-cp-∂p.

]Ø-\w-Xn´ ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkv°q-fn¬ \n∂p 1948- ¬ C. Fkv.

F¬.- kn. ]m mb Rm≥ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw bqWn-thgvkn‰n C‚¿ao-

Un-tb‰p tImf-Pn¬ tN¿∂p. C‚¿ao-Un-tb‰p ]mkmbtijw 1950˛¬

]nXm-hns‚ AIm-e- \n-cymWw aqew AI-se-bp≈ Hcp H∂mw- tKUp

tImf-Pn¬ XpS¿∂p ]Tn-°m≥ km[n-®n-√. a[y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ A∂v

H∂mw tKUv tImf-Pp-Iƒ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-tX-bp≈p. Cu kml-N-cy-

Øn¬ Rm≥ hoń¬ Ign-bp-tºmƒ …o_m-Zm-k-\m-bn-cp∂ ^m. sI.-

Fw. kJ-dn-bm-bpsS (A∂v At±lw tIm´bw sshZnIskan-\mcn

hnZym¿∞n-bm-Wv) ip]m¿i-b-\p-k-cn-®-mWp tIm´bØp N¿®v ho-°nen

Ãm^n¬ \nb-an-°-s∏-´-Xv. sIm√m´p sNº-I-t»-cn¬ ]tc-X-\mb kn.-

C. tPm¿Pv (]n-∂oSv mZ¿ kn. C. tPm¿Pv) Bbn-cp∂p N¿®v ho°nen

Hmôkv amt\-P¿. At±-l-Øns‚ k¬s]-cp-am-‰hpw InkvXob hn\b-

hpw kvt\lhpw ]p©n-cnbpw Hm¿Ω-bpsS sh≈n-Øm-e-Øn¬ \n∂p

FSp-Øp-I-f-bm-\m-hn-√. BgvN-bn¬ ct≠m aqt∂m Znhkw amXta

N¿®v ho-°nen kw_-‘n®v F\n°p tPmen D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. X∂n-

anØw a‰p Znh-k-ß-fn¬ Rm≥ hoń¬ Xs∂ D≠m-hpw. Cu Ime-L-

-ØnemWp Nm≠n -kmdpw Rm\pw XΩn¬ IqSp-X¬ ASp-ØXpw ASp-

Øn-S-s]-´-Xpw.

kc-k-amb kw`m-jW NmXpcn, ]pXp-]p-Ø≥ mh-\-Iƒ, kwkvIm-

c-k-º-∂-amb s]cp-am-‰w, Imhym-fl-I-amb Bib ]hm-lw, \njvI-f-

¶-amb Xam-i-Iƒ, kl-Nm-cn-Isf Nncn-bpsS Xnc-I-fn¬ Xncp-Ip∂ ]Xn-

`m-[-\≥, CsX-√m-am-bn-cp∂p kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ.- Hcp

Ihn-bpsS _mly-e-£-W-ßƒ CsX-√m-am-sW-¶n¬ Ah XnI®pw

tbmPn-°p∂ Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p \ΩpsS IYm-]p-cp-j≥.

ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIq-fn¬ \n∂p 1976˛¬ ]ncn-bp-tºmƒ kn.

]n. Nm≠n°p \¬I-s∏´ bmX-b-b-∏p-tbm-K-Øn¬ ]. _tk-en-tbmkv

am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv ]Y-a-\mWv A≤y-£X hln-®-Xv. Rms\mcp

]kw-KI-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Nm≠n-bp-am-bp≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ ]Xo-I-sa∂

\ne-bn-emWp Rm≥ £Wn-°-s∏-´-sX-∂Xp ]e¿°pw A⁄m-Xw.

]Ø-\w-Xn´ ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkv°q-fn¬ tPmen°pw t_kn¬

Zb-dm-bn¬ Xma-k-Øn\pw £Wn®p hgn-sbm-cp°nbXp `mKy-kva-c-

Wm¿l-\mb ]pØ≥Imhv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-

bm-Wv. Xncp-ta\n sXc-s™-SpØ H´-[nIw DØ-a-∑m-cmb injy-K-W-

ß-fpsS IqsS Xma-kn® Ime-L- hpw Nm≠nsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw


a[p-c-kva-c-W-Iƒ \nd-™-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

I√pw Ip‰n-°mSpw ssIb-S-°n-bXpw Ipdp-°\pw am°m\pw a‰pw

F´p Zim_vZw apºp -hsc ÿnc- Xm-a-k-ap-d-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xp-amb am°mw-

Ip-∂ns‚ s\dp-I-bnse ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkv°q-fmWv "Hm¿Øm¬

]Ø-\w-Xn-´bv°o NnØ- ]-`m-]qcw Acp-fn-b-sX∂p'≈ Nm≠n kmdn-

s‚ \nco-£Ww A£-cm¿∞Ønepw icn- X-s∂. Ip∂ns‚ ASn-hmcw

Np‰n Ac-™m¨ t]mse InS∂ CSp-ßnb hgn-bn-eqsS BZy-ambn

am°mwIp∂n-te°p Ib-dnb Nm≠n- km¿ \fn-\n-bnse Znhm-Ic tbmKn-

sb-t∏m-se

"Ip∂p X∂-Sn-bn-se-Øth kzbw

\n∂p-t]mbv QSnXn Nn¥ ]q≠-t]m¬' F∂p ]d-™m¬ H´pw

sX‰n-√. ]t£ Ip∂p Ib-dn-b-t∏mƒ Hcp Xmt_m-dns‚ BflnI A\p-

`hw D≠m-b-Xmbpw Nm≠n Hcn-°¬ ]d-™p.

ae-¶ck`bv°v A∂pw C∂pw ae-bmf mj-bn¬ kz¥-sa∂p ]d-

bm≥ ]tXyI Bcm-[\ C√m-Ø-Xn¬ IpWvTn-X-ap≈ kn. ]n. Nm≠n

t\csØ kpdn-bm\n Km\-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn-te°p hnh¿Ø\w

sNøm≥ _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv c≠ma≥ _mhm-bm¬ \ntbm-

Kn-°-s∏- p. h -°p-t∂¬ m. hn. sI amXyqkv (]n-∂oSv amXyqkv ]Y-

a≥ _mhm) kpdn-bm\n X¿÷a KZy-am°n \¬Inbpw klm-bn-®p.

kpdn-bm-\nbpw kwkvIr-Xhpw ae-bm-fhpw \√ hi-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂

Nm≠n, Imhy-a[p\njy-µnbpw kpµ-chpw A¿∞hym]vXn-tZym-X-I-hp-

amb coXn-bn¬ kpdn-bm\n Km\-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn-te°p hm¿∂n- -t∏mƒ

]e `mK-ß-fnepw efn-X- tIm-af ]Zm-h-en-I-fpsS ]oen-bm´w Xs∂

Zriy-ambn. kwkvIr-X- m-jm-t]-an-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ kpdn-bm\n°m¿ km[m-

cW D]-tbm-Kn-°mØ Nne ITn\ ]Z-ßfpw Km\-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬

IS-Øn-hn-´p. ]`m-X \akv°m-c-Øn-se˛

"EPp-a-Xn-Iƒ°n-cp-fn¬ZypXn-bp-f-hmbn

ZypXn-bp-Zbw ˛ sNbvsX≥ I¿Ømth!

Iqcn-cpƒ \oßp-tºmƒ \ns∂

Iq∏p-∂p ˛ KK-\w ˛ [c-sb∂o

ZpX-ap-≠m-sbmcp tkmZ-cn-am¿

\ocn-∑otX hm\n-S-sam˛

∂]cw \ocn-∂m-[mcw

\nan-j-ap-b¿s∂mcp aW-h-d-bm˛

tambm-dm-b-X-ambv at≤y


kvXpXyw krjvSn hn[m-\wtX'

"EPp-a-Xn-Iƒ'°p ]Icw A¿∞w Adn-bmsX "EXp-a-Xn-Iƒ' F∂p

]mSp-∂-hcpw C√m-Xn√! Cu hcn-Iƒ km[m-c-W-°m¿°p H´pw ]nSn-In-

´p-I-bn-√. Hc-f-hn¬ Ihn-bpsS ]mfinXy ]I-S\ Ik¿Øv amXw

F∂p≈ hna¿i-\hpw kzm`m-hn-Iw.

CtX-∏‰n Hcn-°¬ tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ "FtSm, am∏nf \mep ]pXnb

hm°p ]Tn®p ]pXp-Xmbn ]mSn-t°ms´' F∂sX Nm≠n- km¿ ]Xn-

h-Nn-®-Xv.

H‰- hm-b-\bv°v A¿∞w ]nSn-In-´mØ "koam-hm-ln ]cm-I-an-tb,

I_-dp-Iƒ tZmln-Iƒ ]qóSpw', "Agnbm temtI ]m]-Øn-\n-cpƒ hmgm-

bvhm≥', "ssZhw X∂-K-Pm-X≥', "AKP \mZtØ Pohn-∏n-t®-‰o XmX-

¶¬IqsS' XpS-ßnb H´-[nIw ]tbm-K-ßƒ D≠v. kpdn-bm-\n-bnse

A¿∞w tNm¿∂p t]mIm-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ kml-kn-I-hn-h¿Ø-\w-

sIm≠p h∂-Xmhmw ¢njvShpw Hc-f-hn¬ Akp-µ-c-hp-amb Cu ]Z-]-

tbm-K-ßƒ. AtX-k-abw t\csØ D≤-cn® hcn-I-fpsS Xmsgbp≈

"\n¿Ω-e-am ˛ apZtc \n¿Ω-e-ambv

h∂p hkn-s®mcp \n¿Ω-e\mw

Bfl-Ps\ ˛ t]jn-∏n-®-h\mw

\n¿ΩeXmX≥ kwkvXp-Xy≥'

Cu \mep hcn-Ifnse "\n¿Ω-eamw' F∂ h≈nbn-eqsS IhnX

ImSp-I-b-dmsX kz—-\n¿Ω-e-amb Hcp \Zo-P-e-]-hm-l-Øns‚ If-I-f-

cmh ]XoXn P\n-∏n-°p-∂p. B Km\ Xcw-Kn-Wn-bn¬ A\p-hm-NIcpw

Hgp-In-t®-cp-∂p. AXp-hgn Bfl-a-\ pIƒ°p Ipfp¿abpw e`n-°p-∂p.

AXp-t]mseXs∂ Nm≠n-km¿ cNn® ImtXm-en°m awK-f-Km\w

k -bpsS "tZio-b-Km-\-'ambn amdn. k -bpsS NcnXhpw ]g-°hpw ]mc-

º-cyhpw hnImk]cn-Wma-ßfpw k`m-[y-£-∑m-cpsS AXn-[-\yhpw

AXn-hn-ip-≤hpw AXyp∂Xhp-amb ÿm\hpw a‰pw ImtXm-en°m

awKfKm\-Øns‚ A¥¿[m-csb k¿t∆m-]cn ]hn-X-kp-µ-c-am-°n-bn-

´p-≠v. A]Jym]nX ]cn-ip-≤\pw AXpey ]`m-h-hm\pw `mKy-kvac-

Wm¿l\pw Bb _tk-en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv c≠m-as\ "I¿tΩ¬-

ae t]mep-∂-X-s\∂pw' "sl¿tΩm-\n¬ ]\n-\n¿Ω-e-s\∂pw' a‰pw Ihn

hnti-jn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ B alm-hy-‡n-bpsS Kncn-irw-K-kam-\-amb Hu∂-

Xyhpw hnip-≤n-bpsS ]cym-b-amb a™pw Bcm-[-I-cpsS A¥-cm-flm-

hn-eqsS Ipfp¿Ω sNmcn™psIm≠v an∂n-∏m-bp-∂p-≠m-hpw. sXc-s™-

SpØp ]tbm-Kn® hm°p-I-fpsS amkvaci‡n-sbt∂m Ihn-I¿Ω Ipi-


e-X-sbt∂m A√msX F¥p- ]-d-bm≥. hc≠ k`sb \\®p hf¿-

Øp∂ kvt\lk-º-∂-\mb Hcp tXm´-°m-c-\m-bn-´mWp _mh ]Io¿-

Øn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

A¿∞-\n¿`-c-amb kpdn-bm\n Km\-ßsf

"Imt° Imt° IqsS-hnsS ˛ Iqń-\-I-sØmcp Ip™pt≠m' F∂

coXn-bn¬ mjm-¥cw sNøm-\m-hn-s√-∂m-bn-cp∂p Nm≠n-bpsS ]£w.

k`m-Ihn Nm≠n-km-dns‚ F√m cN-\-Ifpw \mw ad-∂mepw ImtXm-

en°m awK-f-Km\w ad-°m-\m¿°pw km[y-a-√. B Imhy-`m-h-\-bpsS

apºn¬ A¤pXw IqdmØ inc p Ip\n-°mØ Hcp k`m kvt\ln-

sb-¶nepw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnsem doØnsem I≠p-ap-´m≥ \t∂

]bm-kw.

k`m kmlnXy KwK-bn¬ apßmsX kmln-Xy-Øns‚ ]®-∏p¬ taJ-

e-I-fn¬ kz—µw k©-cn-®n-cp-∂p F¶n¬ kn. ]n. Nm≠n°p henb

ùXnI t\´-ßƒ ssIh-cn-°m-ambncp∂p F∂-`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp∂ Nne

\√-h-cp-≠v. Hcp]t£ Nne t\´ßƒ ssIh-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬

I≈°Y-I-fnepw XntImWt]a -]-[m-\-amb aZy-km-ln-Xy-Ønepw

s]Æp kmln-Xy-Ønepw aÆp kmln-Xy-Ønepw IÆp hbv°msX

hnÆp kmln-Xy-Øn¬ t\´w h®-XmWv Xs∂ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw

henb t\´-sa∂sX Nm≠n kmdns‚ ]£w. ]Xn-`m-]-Imiw H´p-w

C√msX Xpń-\p-th≠n Xń∏p IY-Ifpw ImesØ AXn-Po-hn-°m-\m-

hmØ ImX-e‰ Imev]-\nI Iuamc t]a-Ko-X-ßfpw Nh-‰p-sIm´ \nd-

bv°m≥ amXw ]‰p∂ aq∂m-InS Ahn-b¬ t\mh-ep-Ifpw FgpXn a\-

n\p ]pÆp ]nSn-∏n-°m\pw hne-tb-dnb IS-emkv \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw

kmlnXyhoYn-bnse sX≠n-Isft∏mse Nm≠n \n∂p sImSp-°p-sa∂p

Nn¥n-®-h¿°p sX‰p-]‰n Ft∂ ]d-tb-≠-Xp-≈p. ]pfn-c-k-ap≈ tNdn¬

]pf-bp∂ IÆ-´-I-sf-t∏mse hymP-a-Zy-Øns‚ el-cn-bn¬ apßp∂

Fgp-Øp-Im-cn¬ an°-hcpw Xß-fpsS ZpjvsN-bvXn-I-fm¬ "kmln-Xy-

Im-c≥' F∂ hm°n\p A«o-e-®ph \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Xßƒ

kmln-Xy-Im-c-\m-sW∂p ]d-bm≥ C∂p ]ecpw aSn-°p-Ibpw Xßƒ

Fgp-Øp-Im-cm-sW∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ k`m-Ihn Nm≠n Hcp

kmln-Xy-Im-ct\ A√. As√-¶nepw sh≈-a-Sn-°mØ sskaWpw I´-

°-b-Øn\pw amØ\pw amXyphn\pw Nm≠n°pw tZh-kymbv°pw

Nmt°mbv°pw a‰pw Fßs\ "kap-∂X kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cm-Im-\-mhpw'!

"hniz-Zo-]'-Øns‚ I¿Øm-hmb alm-Ihn ]pØ≥Imhv amØ≥ Xc-

I≥ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Ah-Xm-cnImIm-c-\mb ]ptØ-g-sØ-t∏mse Xs‚


bYm¿∞ \maw \¬ImsX ]qt¥m´w Ft∂m ]qh\w Ft∂m at‰m

t]cp \¬In-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬ tIm∏n sNe-hm-°m-am-bn-cp∂p

F∂p amØ≥ Xc-I≥ km¿ Hcn-°¬ Ft∂mSp ]d-™-tXm¿°p-∂p.

t]cn¬Xs∂ Imhy-fl-IXzw h‰n-sb∂ptXm∂p∂ amØ\pw sska-

Wpw sNdn-bm≥ am∏n-fbv°pw hdp-Kokp am∏n-fbv°pw tZh-kymbv°pw

Nmt°mbv°pw Fhn-sS-bmWp IhnXzw? Cßs\ tNmZn-°p∂ kmln-

Xy-Ønse kzbw]iw-k-I-cmb IpØ-I-°mcpw C√m-Xn-√.

N¿®v ho°nen Bcw-`n® ImeØv AXp IqSp-X¬ hmbn-°p-∂-Xn-

\p-th≠n D≈-S°w am‰msX kn\nam P¿W¬ Ft∂m kn\nam

ho°nen Ft∂m t]cp sImSp-Øm¬ \∂m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p ho°nen

FUn-‰¿ IqSn Bbn-cp∂ at\m-ca doU¿ ssd‰¿ F≥. Fw. G_-lm-

an-t\mSp ckn-I-in-tcm-a-Wnbpw at\m-ca ]Xm-[n] kan-Xnbnse as‰mcp

]ap-Jm-w-K-hp-am-bn-cp∂ ]n. H. G_lmw \n¿t±-in® Imcyhpw ChnsS

]tXyIw Nn¥m¿l-am-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p.

efn-X-]Z ]tbm-K- N-Xp-c-\m-bn-cp∂ Nm≠n-km¿ Ipń-Iƒ°p th≠n

¢ms -Sp-°p-tºmgpw ]mSp-tºmgpw Xam-i-Iƒ s]mń-°p-tºmgpw Imhymw-

K-\-bpsS Ic-N-c-Wm-Zn-I-fmb efnX tImaf ]Zm-h-en-Iƒ Xmf-e-b-ß-

tfmsS \rØw hbv°p-∂p-≠m-hpw. Ipń-Isf AXn-eqsS Xń-sb-SpØpw

s]m -°-Y-I-fn-eq-sS-t∏mepw s]mń-®n-cn-∏n®pw Iq´p-Im-cm°m\pw Nm≠n-

km¿ H´pw aSn-°p-I-bn-√. ]mk-]-km-Z-ap≈ \nanj IhnX-Ifpw Nm≠n-

km-dns‚ cN\bn¬ XØn-°-fn-°p-tºmƒ ¢mkp-Iƒ ck-\n-jy-µn-I-

fm-IpI km[m-c-WamWv. \n¿t±m-j-amb Ifn-bm-°epw kmaq-ly-]-cn-

jvIm-csØ D∂wh®p-sIm-≠p≈ Nne sIm®p ]tbm-K-ßfpw Nncnbpw

Nn¥bpw P\n-∏n®n-cp-∂p.

kvIqƒ hn´p kmbm” \S-∏n\p hcp-tºmƒ tdmUvsskUn-e-p≈

hoń¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ Fs∂ Nm≠n-km¿ ]nSn-IqSpw. Rßƒ am°mw-

Ip∂p apX¬ ]Ø-\w-Xn´ Su¨ hsc Hcp Intemao‰¿ \S-°pw. k‘ym-

]m¿∞-\bv°p apºp km¿ Xncn-s®-Øpw. AXn\p am‰-an-√. \S-°p-

tºmƒ N¿®m-hn-jbw an°-hmdpw Bcm-[-\m-Im-cy-ßfpw Xs‚ ]kw-

K-ßfpw k`m-]-iv\-ß-f-p-am-bn-cn-°pw. SuWn¬ sN∂tijw Xpº-

aÏmc≥ \mWp-]n≈ \S-Øn-h∂ shSn∏pw hrØn-bp-ap≈ Im∏n-°-

S-bn¬ IS∂v Hcp Im∏n- Ip-Sn-bp-≠v. GØbv°m A∏tam hStbm Bbn-

cn°pw an°-hmdpw ]e-lm-cw. c≠p -t]¿°p -IqSn A∂v Gdn-bm¬

Ht∂m Actbm cq] aXn-bm-hpw. Imip Nm≠n-km-dns‚ Pq_-bpsS

Ioi-bn¬ \n∂m-bn-cn°pw tNmcp-I. A≤ym-]-I\pw Xpº-a¨ Zm-k\

_me-k-amPw skI- -dn-bp-am-bn-cp∂Xn-\m¬ an° Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepw


]kwKw ImWpw. ]kw-K-Øn\p t]mIp-∂-Xns\∏‰n At±lw ]e-

t∏mgpw ]d-bp-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv: "FtSm Cs∂mcp Ik¿Øpw sh´p-

ap≠v.' AXm-bXv AwK-N-e-\-]-[m-\-amb ]kw-Khpw AXn\ptijw

hn`-h-k-ar-≤-amb Im∏ntbm DutWm Ds≠∂p kmcw.

kndn-b≥ ÃpU‚ vkv tIm¨^-d≥kn¬ Rßƒ 1948 apX¬ ]e-

h¿jw Ia-ambn kw_-‘n®p h∂p. tIm¨^-d≥knse ck-I-c-amb

Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bmWp tkmjy¬ Huh¿. Imew sNbvX aq°-t©-cn¬

]tXmkv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv, Sn. H. amXyp F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp∂p an°-

t∏mgpw B NS-ßn¬ bphXzw Xncn-®p-In-´p-sa∂p tXm∂p-amdp A≤y-

£X hln®p h∂-Xv. Rm\pw AXn¬ ]e- h¿jw kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-

Sp-Øp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ]X-]m-cm-bWw, a‰p Nne \n¿tZmj `mh-\Iƒ

F∂nh kZ-kysc IpSpIpsS Nncn-∏n® cwK-ßƒ C∂pw Hm¿Ωbn¬

hcp-∂p. F∂m¬ Fs‚ ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS ][m\ ]n∂-Wn-Km-b-I≥ kn.

]n. Nm≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]e¿°pw A∂pw A⁄m-X-am-bn-cp∂p.

]Ø-\w-Xn´ t_kn¬ Zb-dm-bn¬ Xma-kn®p h∂ Xpº-a¨ `Zm-

k\ skI-´dn ^m. hn. kn. tPm¿Pv F∂ ]kn≤\mb fm°q-c-®\v

ssIhn-c-en¬ FÆm-hp∂ XmSn-aoi amXta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. F∂m¬

sXm -SpØ apdn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Um\n-tb¬ am¿ oe-Ivkn-t\mkv

\n_nU aoi-bm¬ Gsd [\y-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

X\n°p aoi Xosc IΩn-bm-Ib-m¬ ZpxJn-X-\mb fm°q-c-®≥ ]mXn-

cm-Xn-bpsS hnP-\-Xbn¬ ssZh-tØmSp s\©ØSn®v ]m¿∞n-°p∂

cwK-amWv Be-∏pg \S∂ tIm¨^-d≥knse tkmjy¬ Hu∆-dn¬

Rm≥ apJy-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv. A®s‚ B ]m¿∞\mKm\w

Cßs\ t]mIp∂p:

"Bep ac-Øn\p [mcmfw

sNS-th-tc-In-sbm-cp-S-tbms\

BSn\p aoi sImSp-tØms\

Ft∂m-Sn-ßs\ sNbvXt√m'

Rm≥ Cu ]m´p]mSn s\©Øp ssI H∂-Sn-®-t∏mƒ Be-∏p-g-bnse

Ae-I-S¬ t]mse kZ v CfIn adn-™p (fm-°q-c-®≥ h¿j-ßƒ

Ign™p U¬ln-bn¬ \√ \ne-bn¬ Hcp kv°qƒ \SØn hc-sh

s]s´∂p \ncym-X-\m-bn).

aoi-bn-√mØ c≠paq∂-®-∑m-sc-bpw aoi IqSp-X¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂

Um\n-tb¬ am¿ ôe-Ivkn-t\mkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbbpw IYm-]m-

X-ß-fm°n as‰mcp sI´pIYbpw Nm≠n-km-dp-≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v.


cwKw ]pØ≥Im-hp-]-≈n. saXm-®s\ ImWm≥ Hcp hey-®\pw

a‰p c≠v A®-∑mcpw h∂n-´p-≠v. aq∂p- t]cpw aoi-°m-cy-Øn¬ tami-

°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. saXm-®s‚ ssUhdpw ckn-I\pw ]pØ≥Im-hp-Im-c-

\p-amb AΩmƒ Xń-hn-´p: "\ΩpsS Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]pcn-IsØ tcmaw

Ds≠-¶n¬ aq∂-®-∑msc \ndpØmw' F∂v.

Cßs\ FX FX Xam-i-Iƒ Nm≠n-km-dns‚ Bh-\m-gn-bn¬

D≠v. \n¿t±m-jsa-¶nepw ]e-Xn\pw Imem-Xo-X-amb ]k-‡nbpw D≠v

F∂v Hm¿°p-I.

a‰p-≈-hsc amX-a√ Xs∂bpw kzbw Ifn-bm°n timXm-°sf

X∂n-te-°m-I¿jn-°p∂ Hcp a\-xim-kvX-X-Xz-Øns‚ ]tbmKw

ImWpI. aq∂p \mep CS-h-I-°m-cpsS kwbp-‡m- n-ap-Jy-Øn-ep≈ Hcp

henb kt≠-kv°qƒ ktΩf\w Im\Øp \S-°p-I-bm-Wv. Imcy-amb

Nne Imcy-ßƒ ]d™p [cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw timXm-°-fpsS Xmev]cyw

h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ahsc ssIbn-se-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n-bp≈

BapJ hmN-I-ßƒ NphsS tN¿°p∂p: ""Rm\n∂p hfsc ZpxJm¿Ø-

\m-Wv. Fs‚ t]cmWp Imc-Ww. Nm≠n F∂ t]cn\v Hcp kpJ-an-√.

X∂n-anØw Cu Nm≠n IpWvTn-X-\m-Wv. Rm≥ ss__n-fn-seßpw ]c-

Xn-t\m-°n. k`mhn-⁄m-\-tIm-ihpw t\m°n. Nm≠n F∂ hm°n√.

HSp-hn¬ k`mNcnXw apgp-h≥ Acn®p t\m°n. At∏m-gmWp am¿tØm-

Ωm-«o-lm-bpsS t\¿°p ssaem-∏q-cn¬ h®p "Ip¥w Nm≠n' F∂p

I≠Xv. Rm≥ k¥p-jvS-\m-sb∂p amX-a-√, A`n-am-\-]p-f-In-X-\p-ambn.

am¿tØm-Ωm-bpambp≈ Fs‚ t]cns‚ _‘w Fs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬

kt¥m-j-Øns‚ ]qag s]mgn-®p. Nm≠n, \maw amX-a-√, Inb-

bmsW∂pw a\- n-em-bn.''

\ΩpsS Rmb-dmgvN ]`mX \a-kv°m-c-Ønse (Iyw-Xm) Hcp mKw

D≠m-b-sX-ßs\ F∂p mh-\m]q¿∆w Nm≠n- km¿ ]d-bp-∂Xp tIƒ-

°p-I. ]s≠m-cn-°¬ ]gbskan-\m-cnbn¬ djy≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkp

k -bn¬ \n∂p kµ¿i-\m¿∞w c≠p sshZn-I¿ h∂p. Ah-cpsS t]cv

NmthgvkvIn F∂pw _e-hm≥kvIn F∂pw Bbn-c-p-∂p. A°m-eØp

Ińepw saØbpw Ipfn-cpap-dnbpw a‰pw C∂-sØ-t∏mse AXn-Yn-

Iƒ°p \¬Im≥ C√m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿°v Dd-ßm≥ Xg-∏m-bmWp sImSp-

ØXv. Ah¿ t]mb tijw Ah-tcm-Sp≈ _lp-am\m¿∞w D≠m-°n-

b-XmWv Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Km\w F∂mWp ]pXnb I≠p-]n-Sn-Øw:

"Nmth°o-gm°n∫e-hm≥ kvIo∏mbnepd-ßn.'-

kp-dn-bm-\n-bn¬ \n∂p≈ \ΩpsS Nne Km\-ß-fpsS A¿∞iq\y-


X-sb-∏‰n Nm≠n-km-dn\p ]eXpw ]d-bm-\p-≠v. ssZh-Øns‚ πm\-\p-

k-cn®p tbip-InkvXp blq-Z-∑m-cm¬ h[n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂p t\csØ ]h-

N\w D≠m-bn-cnt° ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ tN¿Øn- p≈

blqZhncp≤ im]-Km-\mh¿Ø\ßƒ InkvXob ho£-W-Øn¬

Fßs\ \ymbo-I-cn-°m-sa∂ tNmZy-Øn\v "Ft∂mSp X¿÷a sNøm≥

]d-™p. Rm\Xp \ndth‰n' F∂ adp-]-Sn-bmWp Nm≠n- km¿ \evIn

bXv. Hcp ]h-N\ \nh¿Øn°p klm-bn® blq-Z-∑m-tcmSp "bqZ-∑msc

\nßsS \nebw k¿∆w iq\yw' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ Hcp sshcp-≤y-

ant√! Im´pPmXn-°m-cpsS Hcp ]Xn-Imc at\m-`m-h-Øns‚ ]Im-i-\-

at√ Cu hcn-I-fn¬ \ng-en-Sp-∂-Xv. C∂p temI-Ønse Hcp h≥ i‡n-

bmbn amdn Ad_n temIsØ InSnew sIm≈n-°p∂ Cktb¬ ssZh-

Øns‚ sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ P\-am-bn-cnt° "\nßsS \nebw k¿∆w

iq\yw' F∂ \nß-fpsS IhnX shdpw ]mgvhm°pIft√ F∂ Fs‚

hni-Zo-I-cW tNmZy-Øn\p "ssZh-im-kvX-sam∂pw Ihn-X-bn¬ Is≠-

Øm≥ t\mt°≠' F∂ adp-]Sn \¬In.

Iqinse I≈-∑m-cpsS ]c-Øn-∏-d-™n-cn-°p-∂, lkz-amb kwhm-

Z-Øn\p Zo¿L-amb Bcm-[-\-bn-se-¥mWp ]k‡n F∂m-cm-™-

t∏mƒ "\msa√mw Hcp- X-c-Øn-e-s√-¶n¬ as‰m-cp- X-c-Øn¬ I≈-∑m-cm-

Ibm¬ ]k‡n Ds≠-∂p≈' ck-I-c-amb adp-]-Snbpw h∂p.

k`mIhn∏´w \¬In At±-lsØ BZ-cn®p F¶nepw At±lw

A¿ln® AwKo-Imcw At±-lsØ G‰hpw ASp-Ø-dn-™-h¿ t]mepw

bYm-Imew \¬Im≥ ]nip°p ImWn®p F∂ thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb

hkvXpX B¿°pw \ntj-[n-°m-\m-hn-√. ImtXm-en-t°‰v Ahm¿Uv bYm-

k-abw \¬tI≠Xmbn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ \yqtbm¿°nse am¿ KotKm-

dn-tbmkv ût≠-j≥ 10000 cq]-bpsS Ahm¿Up \¬In. ^mZ¿ Sn.

Pn. k°-dn-bm-bpsS D’m-l-Øm-emWv AXp -e-`y-am-°n-b-Xv. tIµ-

Øn¬ \n∂p≈ s]≥j\pw Xpº-a¨ Zm-k-\-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ s]≥j-

\p-sam∂pa√ bYm¿∞ AwKo-Im-c-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w. \mW-b-Øn\p

\¬Im-\m-hp∂ AwKo-Im-c-Øn\v Hcp ]cn-[n-bp-≠v. Nm≠n-km-dn-s\-

t∏msebp≈ Hcp k\ymkn°p ]Ww Hcp ]iv\-a-√. ]Xn-^-te-—-bn-

√msX D∂X e£ysØ ap≥\n¿Øn k`-bv°p-th≠n ka¿∏n® Hcp

PohnX-Øn\p k` \¬Ip∂ _lp-aXn Bflm-\p- q-Xn-Zm-b-I-am-sW∂p

kΩ-Xn-°mØ a\p-jy¿ Xs∂ hnc-f-am-W-t√m.


2_mey-Imew

]gb Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse tImg-t©-cn°pw ae-∏-≈n°pw at[y

ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ shÆn-°p-fw, \m\m-PmXn aX-ÿ-cmb P\-hn- m-K-ßƒ

amth-en-bpsS Ime-sØ-t∏mse Pohn-®p-h-cp∂ ê-]pjvSn \nd™

Hcp cay-`q-hn-`m-K-am-Wv. aWn-a-e-bm-dn-s‚bpw ]º-bp-sSbpw CS-bn¬,

]mS-ß-fmbpw ]d-ºp-I-fmbpw InS-°p∂ Cu Kmaw alm-Ihn D≈q-

cns‚ `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬

"]mcw Icnºp ]\kw apf-tIe an©n˛

tIcw Ihpßp Xfn¿ sh‰ne GØ-hmg'

apXemb hnf-I-fm¬ Xnf-ßp∂ Hcp ss]ºp¬ ]tZ-i-am-Wv. D’m-

ln-Ifpw D¬_p≤-cp-amb I¿j-I-¿°m-Wn-hnsS qcn-]-£w. ipNn-Xzhpw

ssZh-`-‡nbpw ssIap-X-em-bp≈ Kmao-W¿, Xmc-X-tay\ kmln-Xym-

Zn-I-e-I-fn¬ Xev]-ccpw thZ-]m-cm-bW IpXp-In-I-fp-am-Wv. Aº-e-ßfpw

tamkv°p-Ifpw ]≈n-Ifpw CS-I-e¿∂p kap-Zmb kulm¿±-Øns‚

A\-izc ]Xo-I-ß-fmbn Xe Db¿Øn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.

shÆn°p-fsØ aÆns‚ k¥-Xn-bm-Wt√m ]finX htc-Wy-\mb

alm-Ihn shÆn-°pfw tKm]m-e-°p-dp-∏v. shÆ-t]mse IS-s™-SpØ

Ig-ºp≈ k¬°-hn-X-I-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb At±lw shÆn-°p-f-Øn\p

temIkmlnXy `q]-S-Øn¬ ÿm\w \¬In F∂ kXyw klrZb¿-

°p IrX-⁄-X-tbm-sS-b-√msX A\p-kva-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. At±-l-Øns‚

kmlnXy Xmev]-cysØ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS

]nXr-k-tlm-Z-c≥ hnZzm≥ sI. kn. hdp-Kokv klm-bn-®n-´p-s≠∂

hkvXpX ]e¿°pw A⁄m-X-am-Wv.

ae-¶c k`mw-K-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw C∂p shÆn-°pfw

F∂p tIƒ°p-tºmƒ Xß-fpsS apºn¬ HmSn FØp∂ ]Ya \maw

kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bp-tS-Xm-Wv. ImcWw Ah-cpsS apJym-cm-[-\sb A¿∞-

h-Ømbn Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-Ibpw kwKoX kmµ-am-°p-Ibpw BflnI

Pohn-X-Øns‚ D≈-d-I-fn-te°p IS-Øn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX kn. ]n.

Nm≠n-bpsS \maw, Ah-cpsS \mhn≥Xpºn¬ Xßn \nev°p∂p F∂Xp

Xs∂. shÆn-°p-fØp N°m-e-°p-t∂¬ ]oent∏mkv D]-tZ-in-bpsS-

bpw ]kn-≤-amb \ncWw a´-bv°¬ ]tXmkv IØ-\m-cpsS ]pXn

A°m-Ω-bp-sSbpw XrXob ]pX-\mbn 1916- ¬ (1092 Ipw`w 13) qPmXw

sNbvX Nm≠n ]_p-≤-amb ae-¶c k`mw-K-ß-fpsS Bflob Pohn-


XsØ ]^p-√-am-°p∂ Km\-ß-fpsS ]apJ cN-bn-Xm-hm-Ip-sa∂v

Bcpw Xs∂ kz]vt\]n ]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂n-√. sshZnI ]mc-º-cy-ap≈

AΩbp-sSbpw A∏w sIm≠p amX-a-√msX Pohn-°p∂ A∏-s‚bpw

`h-\m-¥-co£w a°sf aXm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p am‰n-sb-¶nte

A¤p-X-amIp-I-bp-≈p. aSn-bn-en-cp∂p amXr-Zp-Kv[-tØm-sSm∏w Xs∂

Nm≠n BflnI Km\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]m¿∞-\-bp-sSbpw thZ-hm-Iy-ß-fp-

sSbpw kzmZp \pI¿∂n-cp∂p F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xmhpw Gsd icn.

Aßs\ BflnI kzc-cm-K-kp[ Bkz-Zn® Nm≠n°p as‰mcp kmln-

Xy-im-J-bnepw IS-∂p-I-b-dm-\m-hn-s√∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xn-√-t√m.

ss\k¿Kn-I-amb IhnXm hmk-\sb t]mjn-∏n-°m≥ ]‰nb Hcp cay-

`q-hn-`m-K-tØ-°p≈ ]≠sØ Hcp k©mcw kn. ]n. Nm≠nsb KwK

XgpIn Hgp-Ip∂ lna-h¬km-\p-hnse tIZm-c-\m-Yn¬ FØn-®Xpw

AhnsS Hcp amk-tØmfw ]IrXnkuµcyw Bkz-Zn®p Pohn-®Xpw

"[ym\w sIm≠m-flmth, Bflm-hn¬ I≠p-sIm-≠m-\-µ-eo-\-cmbv' hkn-

°p∂ al¿jn-h-cy-∑m-cpsS h√o-\n-Ip-RvP-ßfpw ]¿Æ-im-e-Ifpw

I≠p \S-∂Xpw Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb A\p- -h-ß-fm-sW∂p Ihn Xs∂

A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p. Ihn-Xz-Øns‚ \oe \n¿Ωe hnlm-b- n¬ Nnd-I-

Sn-®p-b¿∂ At±lw kz¿§-tØmfw Db¿∂-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw \ΩpsS

Bcm-[\mKoX-ß-sfbpw Cº-ß-fpsS ]dp-Zo-kbn-te°p Db¿Øm≥

Ihn°p km[n-®-sX∂p Nnet∏mƒ Nn¥n-®p-t]m-Ipw. Xs‚ Iuam-c-

Imew apX-ep≈ Imcy-ß-sf-∏‰n c≠v A-`n-apJ kw`m-j-Wßfn-embn

kn. ]n. Nm≠n Xs∂ ]d™ B[n-Im-cnI hnh-c-ß-fmWp NphsS

tN¿°p-∂-Xv. m. ‰n. F. CS-bmSn H‰-bv°pw, tPmbvkv tXm´-bv°mSpw

NcnX ]T-t\m-’p-I-\mb hdp-Kokv tPm¨ tXm -∏p-gbpw tN¿∂p \S-

Ønb hmsamgn kwth-Z-\-ßƒ ]e-cnepw IuXp-I-ap-W¿Øp-sa-∂-

Xn\pw kwi-b-an-√.

A`n-apJw

IpSpw-_w, hnZym- ym-kw, apX-em-b-h-sb-°p-dn®p Nm≠n Xs∂ A\p-

kva-cn-°p-∂Xp hmbn-°p-I.

shÆn-°p-fØv N°m-e-°p-t∂¬ oen-t∏m-kns‚ ]pX-\m-bn- mWv

Rm≥ P\n-®-Xv. A∏≥ Hcp D]-tZ-in-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F\n°v c≠v tPyjvT-

∑m¿ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p- t]cpw A°-cbv°p IS-∂p-t]m-bn. \mev

ktlm-Z-cn-am¿ D≠v. Fs‚ Hcp D∏m-∏≥ hnZzm≥ ]co£ ]m mb

hy‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw A∏-t\mSv ]d-™p. "Nm≠n Cw•ojv ]Tn-

t°-≠. ae-bmfw ]Tn-°-s´.' Aßs\ Fs∂ \memw ¢mkv Ign™v

A©mw ¢mkn-te°p hn´p. As√-¶n¬ ]Tn-t°-≠Xv ]n∏-tb-‰dn Ãv,


sk°-≠v, tX¿Uv (sk-°≠v t^mw, tX¿Uv t^mw) F∂o Ia-Øn-

em-bn-cp-∂p. sh≈md taa-e-bn-emWv A©mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn®Xv. AhnsS

Bdp ¢mkp- h-sctb D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. AXp-sIm≠v Ggmw ¢m n¬

]p√m´p t]mbn ]Tn-®p. Ggmw ¢mkn¬ Pbn-°msX ]ns∂ sk°≠v

t^man¬ h∂p. shÆn-°p-fØv ]mte-°-c-bn¬ ]Tn-®p. ]n∂oSv Cc-hn-

t]-cq¿ sk‚ v tPm¨kv sslkvIq-fnepw ]Tn-®p. AhnsS A∂v slUv

am-Ã¿ ‰n. ]n. tXmakv Bbn-cp-∂p; ]K-¤-\mb Hc-≤ym-]-I≥.

kwkvIrX ]T-\-Øn\v Kpcp Bcm-bn-cp∂p?

ssI∏-´qcp≈ Hcp \ºym-Xn-cn. At±lw ]¥fw sIm´m-c-Øns‚

]mc-º-cy-Øn-ep≈ Hcp alm-]-fin-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ IhnX Fgp-Xn-bn-cpt∂m?

shÆn-°p-fØv anUn¬ kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ [mcmfw Ihn-X-

Iƒ Fgp-Xn. kwkvIrX hrØtam Xmftam H∂p-an-√m-sX-bmWv Fgp-

Xn-b-Xv. shdpw ]m´m-bn-´v.

Ihn-Xbv°v ]tXyI hnjbw h√Xpw?

]tXyI hnjbw H∂p-an-√. \mń¬ \S-°p∂ Hmtcm kw`-h-sØ-∏-

‰nbpw Fgp-Xpw. F¥p- I-≠mepw Ihn-X.

]Ø-\w-Xn´ t_kn¬ Ac-a-\-bn¬ F∂p apX-emWv Xma-kn-°p-

hm≥ XpS-ßn-bXv?

1948 apX¬. ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bmWv hnfn-®m-°n-bXv.

AXn\p apºv aq∂p h¿jw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p. A∂v

Ip¿∫m\Ia-Ønse ]m´p-Iƒ Fgp-Xn. Gh≥tK-en-tbm-\p- ti-j-ap≈

]m v, A≥]p-S-tbm\p ]I-c-ap≈ ]m´p-Iƒ, lqtØm-tam, B≠p-XIvkm

Ia-ßƒ, IqZmim Ia-ßƒ.

Bcm-[\m Km\-ß-fpsS X¿÷a Bcw-`n-®Xv F∂mWv?

27-˛mw hb- n¬ IhnXm cN\ (B-cm-[\m Km\-ß-fp-sS) XpS-ßn.

27-˛mw hb-kp- ap-X¬ aq∂p -h¿jw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p.

I√m-t»cn _mhm `cn-°p∂ Ime-ØmWv Rm≥ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬

sN∂p Xma-k-am-°n-b-Xv. AhnsS ae-bmfw A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂p

Rm≥. £Ww kuP-\yw. AhnsS DSp∏pw ap≠p-sams° \Ωƒ At\z-

jn-t®m-f-Ww. hfsc Ipd™ ]Xn-^-eta D≈q. B≠n-sem-cn-°¬

_P-‰n¬ ]m m-°p∂ XpI amXw. _mhmbv°v (]. amXyqkv ]Y-a≥

_mhm) Ft∂-°mƒ ]Øp- h-b v IqSp-X-ep-≠v. Rm≥ ]ms´-gp-Xp-


Øn¬°qSn Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN√pw. At±lw Hmtcm Znh-

khpw Hmtcm tSm]nIv Xcpw. AXv Fgp-Xn-s°m≠v ]nt‰-Zn-hkw sN√pw.

At±lw sNm√n t\m°pw. AXn-\p-tijw b¬ sNøpw. ]ns∂ ]pXn-

bXv Xcpw. Aßs\ GXm≠v Bdp- amkw sIm≠v Ip¿_m\ ]m´p-

Iƒ Xo¿Øp. Ip¿_m-\-Iaw Gsd-°mew A®-Sn-°msX h®n-cp-∂p.

]ns∂-bmWv AXv A®-Sn-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-b-Xv. At±lw AXv ]kn-

≤o-I-cn-®p.

X¿÷-a-bpsS coXn F¥m-bn-cp∂p?

hn. sI. amXyqkv A®≥ ]Zy-sa√mw kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ sNm√n-t°ƒ-

∏n°pw. B ka-bØv Rm\-Xn-s‚-sbms° Nne Imcy-ßƒ t\m´p

sNøpw. FX \of-ap≠v? FX A£-c-ap≠v. Fhn-sS-sb√mw AXv

hogW-sa∂v ]Ya ih-W-Øn¬ Xs∂ F\n°p a\- n-em-Ipw.

AsX√mw t\m°n-bmWv Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. At±lw ]m´p-I-fpsS KZy-hn-

h¿Ø-\-amWv Xcp∂-Xv. kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ ]mSn-bn´v AXns‚ KZyw ae-

bm-f-Øn¬ ]d™p Xcpw. B ae-bmf KZy-Øn¬ \n∂v AtX kpdn-

bm\n cmK-Øn¬ Xs∂ Rm\Xv ae-bmf Km\-ambn cNn-°pw.

Bcm-[-\m-Km-\-ßƒ X¿÷a sNøp-∂-Xn¬ ]e ]bm-k-ß-fp-ap≠v.

kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ c≠p- h-cn-bn¬ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ c≠p-

h-cn-bn¬ cNn-°pI km≤y-a-√. "IcpW \nd-™-ht\ ]p\-cp-∞m-\....'

F∂ Km\w kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ c≠p hcntb D≈p. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ AXv

X¿÷a sNbvX-t∏mƒ \mep- h-cn-bm-bn. AXp-t]mse kpdn-bm-\n

hm≥ sN√p-tºmƒ At±lw Hcp

Assh-Zn-I≥ amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. h´-

°p-t∂¬ hn. sI. amXyq-kv, ]´-ta-

‰n-ń-√m-bn-cp-∂p. B aq∂p h¿j-Øn-

\n-S-bn¬ Xs∂ At±lw ]ptcm-ln-

X-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p.

Bcm-[\m Km\-ß-fn¬ BZy-

ambn X¿÷a sNbvXXv Ip¿_m\

]m´p-I-fm-Wv. A∂v Ipń-Iƒ ]Tn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xv Fw. Un. -bn-em-Wv.

h´-°p-t∂¬ A®\v ej¿ D≈

kabw t\m°n Rm≥ sN√pw.

Xmakw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Bbn-

cp-∂p. D®-bqWpw Ign™v ]´-W- ]. amXyqkv ]Y-a≥ _mhm


(Hu-tK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ).

AXv Rm≥ ]cn-jv°-cn-®mWv Cu KŸw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. BZn-ap-

X¬ Ah-km\w hsc Hmtcm Znhk-tØ°pw Cuc≠p ]Zyw Cu KŸ-

Øn-ep-≠v.

HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS `mj hfsc ]cp-j-am-Wv. "]c\mw tZh Xncp-

lr-Z-bw, ]c\mwtZhm tZhm' Fs∂ms° Ahn-S-hnsS Bh¿Øn-®n-

´p≠v. AXv am‰n "]c-tam-∂-Xamw ]Z-a-Xn-e-acpw ]c\mw tZhm' F∂p

Rm≥ X¿÷a sNbvXp.

a‰v GsXms° Bcm-[-\m-I-a-ßƒ X¿÷a sNbvXp?

Im¬I-gp-I¬ ipiq-j-bnse ]m´p-I-sfms° sNdn-b-]-≈n-bnse Hcm-

h-iy-Øn\p th≠n Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv. ]mºmSn Xncp-ta\n lmimbv°v

hcp-∂p. At∏mƒ Im¬I-gp-I¬ ipiqj thWw. A∂v ôen-t∏mkv

A®≥ (tUm. ôen-t∏mkv am¿ sXtbm-^n-tem-kv) Ft∂mSv ]d-

™mWv AXv Fgp-Xn-®-Xv. X¿÷a sNbvXv sImSp-Ø-t∏mƒ Nm≠n

kmdn\v F¥p thW-sa∂p tNmZn-®p. 15 cq] X∂p. ]Øp \mev]Xp

]Zy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

siΩm-i-∑msc ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm≥ t]mb-t∏mƒ G‰hpw Npcp-ßnb Ip¿-

_m\ (G-‰hpw Ipd™ ka-b-Øn\p th≠n) ]ms´-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.

tIm\m´v A_lmw aev]m-\-®-\mWv AXns‚ ]cn-tim-[-I≥.

SyqWn¬ Xs∂-bmWv Km\-ßƒ cNn-

°p-∂-Xv. -am‰n-sbm∂pw Fgp-Xn-bn-ń-√.

kpdn-bm\nbn¬ \n∂p t\cn´v aebm-

f-Øn-te°v hm°n\p hm°m-bn-´mWv

X¿÷a sNøp-∂Xv. A√msX kwK-

l-a-√.

BZyw ]kn-≤o-I-cn® (Rm≥ Km\-

ßƒ cNn-®) KŸw "lqtØmtΩm'

BWv. "]c-tam-∂-Xamw ]Z-a-Xn-e-acpw

]c\mw tZhm' F∂ Km\-amWv H∂m-

asØ lqtØm-tΩm. F√m Znh-k-

tØ-°p-ap≈ lqtØm-tΩm-Iƒ B

KŸ-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

"lqtØm-tΩm' BZy-am-bn´v X¿

÷a sNbvXXv HutK≥ _mhm-bm-Wv]. Koh¿Kokv II _mhm


IqZm-im-I-a-ßƒ, Il-ss\-Øm, ssXem-`n-tj-Iw, AºXv t\mºn-

se \a-kvIm-cw, F´p-t\m-ºnse \a-kvImcw CsXms° Fgp-Xn-bn- p≠v.

G‰hpw ]i-kvX-amb ]kn-≤o-I-cWw \a-kvIm-c-I-a-am-Wv; IywXm-

bv°p ]Icw D≈-Xv.

_p[-\mgvN \a-kvImcw (ivloam \a-kvIm-cw) ]pXp-°n-sb-gp-Xn.

_p[-\mgvN \a-kvImcw ]e-cp-tSXv ]e-bn-SØv D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IWn-

bm-º-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥ A®s‚ Hcp X¿÷-abpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\v

tIkp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. tIm´-bØv Hcmƒ tIkp sImSp-Øp. sNß-∂q¿

Bbn-cp∂p tIkv. AXn\v ]Ø-™qdp cq] Nne-hm-°n. tIkv X≈n-

t∏m-bn. CsXms° ]≠p-]t≠ a\p-jy¿ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.

B¿°pw X¿÷a sNbvXv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ kzmX-¥y-ap-≠v F∂v

hn[n Inń. IWn-bm-º-d-ºn¬ A®s‚ X¿÷a Ct∏mƒ ImWp-∂n-√.

\Ωp-tSXp Xs∂-bmWv bmt°m-_m-b-°mcpw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

doØp-Imcpw \Ωp-tSXp Xs∂ kzoI-cn-®n-´p≠v. \ΩpsS ]m´p-I-fpsS

sR´pw hmep-sams° apdn®v, c≠p-]p-dØv aq∂p hm°n\v hyXymkw

hcpØn A®-Sn-®n- p-≠v. ] -°m-cpsS Bh-iy-Øn\v F∂mWv slÕnwKv

sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]´°m¿°v lm≥Uv _p°m-bn-´mWv ]kn-≤o-I-

cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ivloam \a-kvImcw FgpXn Gsd-°mew h®p-sIm-

≠n-cp∂p; kqcy-]-Imiw ImWm-sX. ivloam ]Sn Fgp-Xn-b-Xn\v

Bbncw cq]m X∂p.

HSp-hn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂Xv GXmWv?

HSp-hn¬ Fgp-Xn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂Xv s]¶o-km-bm-Wv. s]¶okm F∂m¬

t…‰v Ft∂ A¿∞-ap-≈p. s]¶o-km-bn¬ F√mw IqSn A©v t‰m]n°v

amXta Fgp-Xp-hm≥ km[n-®p-≈p. AXv IS-ep-t]mse InS-∏p-≠v. Hmtcm

ipiq-jbv°pw ]tXyIw ]XyIap-≠v.

kpdn-bm\n ]Tn-®-sX-ß-s\-bmWv?

HutK≥ _mhm Fs∂ ]Tn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. At±lw Ccn-°pw. Rm≥

Xmsg Hcp ]mbn¬ Ccn-°pw. At∏mƒ ]d-™p-X-∂n-´p-≠v. dKp-e¿

¢m n-s\m∂pw Rm≥ t]mbn-ń-√. Rm≥ \√-Xp-t]mse kpdn-bm\n

FgpXn ]Tn-®n-´p-≠v.

h´t-»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-sb-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠t√m?

h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-sb-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≠v. a√-∏-≈n-bn-sems°

]kn-≤-am-Wv. Ggp Ãm≥km Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. "DS-tbm≥ \mYm Kncn-

ko-\mbv' F∂ ssien-bn¬.


ae-¶c aev]m≥ Rm¿Øm-¶¬ tImcpXv aev]m-\p-am-bp≈ _‘w?

tImcpXv A®≥ Fs‚ ]m´p-Iƒ hfsc CjvS-s∏´ Bfm-Wv. skan-

\mcn hnZym¿∞n-Isf F√mw ]Tn-∏n-°pw.

k`m-Ihn F∂ hnti-jWw Fß-s\-bmWv e`n-®Xv?

Fw. kn. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv dºm-®≥ "kap-Zmb Ihn'sb∂p hnfn-®p.

"kap-Zm-b-t°kv' t]mse "kap-Zmb Ihn' F∂v. AXv icn-b-√, \s√mcp

t]cv thW-sa∂v a‰p Nne¿ ]d-™p. Ah¿ "k`m- Ihn' F∂p ]d-

bm\pw Fgp-Xm\pw XpS-ßn. a\p-jy¿ ]d-™p -]-d-™mWv AXn\v

]Nm-cWw Inń-b-Xv. ]t£ AXn\v HutZym-Kn-I-amb Hcp A\p-aXn

e`n-®n-cp-∂n-√. ]n∂oSv HutK≥ _mhm-bmWv B t]cv HutZym-Kn-I-

ambn \¬In-b-Xv.

GXp Xncp-ta-\n-bmWv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ t]m’m-l\w X∂Xv?

amXyqkv ]Y-a≥ _mhm. ]m´v Fgp-Xn-bmepw ]N-cn-∏n-®Xv tImcp-

X-®-\mWv (^m. F≥. sI. tImcpXv aev]m≥).

A≤ym-]IhrØn-bn-te°v Xncn-™Xv Fß-s\-bmWv?

]pØ≥Im-hn¬ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta\n ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ Hcp

sslkvIqƒ Bcw- n-®p. CS-h-amkw BZy-amWv A∂v kvIqfp-I-sf√mw

Xpd-°p-∂-Xv. Pqsse Bb-t∏m-tgbv°v A\p-hmZw Inń. ae-bmfw ]Tn-

®-hcpw ]m m-b-hcpw Hs° A∂p Npcp-°-am-Wv. Xncp-ta\n Fs‚

A∏s\ I≠-t∏mƒ "Nm≠n-tbmSv ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ h∂v ]Tn-∏n-°m≥

]d-bpI' F∂p I¬∏n-®p. Aßs\ ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ sN∂p ]Tn-∏n-

°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. sNß-∂q¿ _tY¬ Ac-a-\-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Xma-kw.

AhnsS \n∂v `£Ww Ign-°pw. ]ns∂ ]pØ≥Im-hv hsc \S-∂p-

t]mIpw. A∂v _s ms° hfsc Npcp-°-am-Wv. Hcp amkw Ign-™-

t∏mƒ Ing-t°m´v t]mIp-hm≥ ]d-™p. Aßs\ ]Ø-\w-Xn´ ImtXm-

en-t°‰v sslkvIq-fn¬ t]mbn tPmen sNbvXp. Htc ]≈n-°q-S-Øn¬

Xs∂ 29 h¿jw ]Tn-∏n-®p. 1976-˛¬ 60-˛-m-asØ hb- n-emWv k¿∆o-

kn¬ \n∂p ]ncn-™-Xv.

Ihn-X-b-√msX a‰p h√Xpw Fgp-Xn-bn-´pt≠m?

D≠v. shÆn-°pfw ]≈n-bpsS iX-h-’c Pq_n-en°v Hcp \mSIw

Fgp-Xn. sk‚ v _l\m≥. ]Tn-∏n-®p. A`n-\-bn-®p. IpXn-csb NmSn®p.

GsX√mw `mj-Iƒ Adnbmw?


A©mdv mj-Iƒ Adn-bmw. ae-bm-fw, lnµn, Cw•o-jv, kwkvIrXw,

Xan-gv, Xmfn-tbm-e-bnse ]mNo\ `mj, ]ns∂ ]eXpw ]Tn-°m≥

ian®p. I¿Æm-S-Iw, sXep¶v apX-em-b-h....

]pc-kvIm-c-ßƒ e`n-°m-Ø-Xn-s\-∏‰n IpWvTn-X-apt≠m?

HutK≥ _mh-mbpsS ImeØv Hcp ]hs‚ Hcp Io¿ØnapZ e`n®p.

shÆn-°pfw ]≈n-bpsS Pq_n-en°pw am°mw-Ip∂v ]≈n-bpsS Pq_n-

en°pw Io¿Øn-apZ e`n-®p. amth-en-°c alm-tbmKw 1001 cq]m \¬In.

]pc-kvIm-c-ßƒ e`n-°m-Ø-Xn-s\-∏‰n IpWvTn-X-an-√.

k`m tkh-\-Øn-\n-d-ßmsX ae-bmf kmlnXy cwKØp ]h¿Øn-

®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ ka-Im-eo\ Ihn-I-tf-°mƒ tijvT-amb Hcp ÿm\w

t\Sm-am-bn-cp-∂nt√?

B hgn°v Xncn-™n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \√ coXn-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-Im-

am-bn-cp-∂p. "Ce-™n-°¬ A®≥' F∂ IhnX Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≠v. ]uV-

amb Hcp Ihn-X-bm-Wv.

hnhmlw Ign-°m≥ ad-∂p-t]mbn F∂v km¿ Xam-i-bmbn ]d-bm-

dp-≠v. kXy-Øn¬ F¥mWv ImcWw?

A¬∏m-bpkv BWv F∂p≈ Hcp kwibw sNdp∏w apX¬ D≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv hnhmlw Ign-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xv.

Aßs\ tXm∂p-hm≥ ]tXyI ImcWw h√-Xp-apt≠m?

tPymXnjw Adn-bm-hp∂ Nne-cpsS D]-tZ-iw. AXp-sIm≠v òXn-

Z\mbn.

skan-\m-cn-bnse A[ym-]\ Pohn-X-sØ-∏‰n Fs¥-¶nepw?

AhnsS skdm-ºq-cns‚ kne-_kv BWv Bi-bw. Cw•ojv amXta

Ah¿°v i≤-bp-≈p. Ko°n\v ]co-£-bn√; kpdn-bm-\n°v ]co-£-

bn√. ae-bm-f-Øn-t\mSv Ah-K-W-\-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v c≠mw h¿jw

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v cmPn- sh®v ]ncn-™p.

A®∑m-tcmSv ]tXyI D]-tZiw h√Xpw Dt≠m?

kpdn-bm\n Imcy-ambn ]Tn-°Ww. Xan-gnepw lnµn-bnepw Ip¿∫m\

Iaw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. AsXms° Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿ Hmtcm Bhiyw ]am-

Wn®v Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv. AXn\v ]Nmcw Inń-bn- n-√. AtXm-dn-‰nbpw Inń-

bn-ń-√. AXn\v A®-∑m¿ ian-°-Ww.


Ct∏mƒ Fgp-Xm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ ImcWw?

IÆn\v shs≈-gpØv IqSp-X-em-Wv. sNhn°v tIƒhn-°p-dhpw D≠v.

k`-bn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂ Icp-X¬ Xr]vXn-I-c-amtWm?

(Aev]w au\w) F¥mWv s]mXpsh kwkm-c-ap-≈Xv?

Xr]vXn-I-c-a√ F∂mWv tIƒhn.

F∂m¬ Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn h√Xpw sNøv.

]gb Ipń-°-hn-X-Iƒ h√Xpw Hm¿Ω-bn-ept≠m?

"]®-∏p-s√-hnsS im¥-P-e-sa-hnsS

Rßsf Bcp Ahn-sS-Øn°pw

\nßƒ CXn-s\mcp adp-]Sn Xcptam

\nßƒ CXn-s\mcp adp-]Sn Xcptam

\√nSb≥ \√n-S-b≥ tbiphmw \√n-S-b≥.'

CsXmcp Ipń-°-hn-X-bm-Wv.

\¿Ω-ßƒ s]mń®v Iymºp-Isf kPo-h-am-°nb kmdns‚ \¿Ω-

ti-J-c-Ønse G‰hpw henb \¿Ωw GXmWv?

temI]kn-≤-amb ]eXpw D≠v. AXn-sem-∂mWv InWdv Ipgn-∏n-

°p-∂-hs‚ IY.

Hcp-Ø≥ ]d-ºn¬ InWdv Ipgn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ

Abm-fpsS Hcp Iq´p-Im-c≥ hgnsb t]mbn. At∏mƒ tNmZn-®p.

"F¥mWv InWdv Ipgn-∏n-°p-I-bm-tWm. tPmen Znh-khpw ]ptcm-K-an-

°p-∂pt≠m?'

At∏mƒ Abmƒ adp-]Sn ]d-™p. "tPmen Znh-khpw ]ptcm-K-an-

°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw A\p-Zn\w At[m-KXn BWv.'

At∏mƒ adp-]-Sn.

"Cu At[m-KXn Xs∂-bm-Wt√m \ΩpsS ]ptcm-K-Xn.'


2kz¿§ob In∂cw

"]c-tam-∂-Xamw ]Z-a-Xn-e-acpw ]c\mw tZhm' F∂m-cw- n-°p∂ a[p-

c-a-t\m-l-c-amb lqtØmtΩm (k-am-]\ ]m¿∞-\m-Km-\w) ae-¶c Hm¿-

Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS Ip¿_m-\m-cm-[-\-bpsS A¥y-Øn-ep-≠v. Cu

kpdn-bm\n Km\w NmcpX tNmcmsX ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv

shÆn-°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bm-Wv. "k`m-Ihn' F∂ _lp-a-Xn-bm¬

Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Ct±-l-amWv ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\nk`-

bpsS Bcm-[\Ia-ß-fnse kwKoX cN-\-bpsS `qcn-`m-Khpw \n¿∆-

ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`mw-

K-ß-fpsS Np≠p-I-fn¬ XØn-°-fn-°p-∂Xv Cu Ihn-bpsS k¿§mflI

hcn-I-fm-Wv.

ae-¶ck`-bpsS NcnXw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb am‰-

ßƒ°v Np°m≥ ]nSn-°p-hm≥ ssZhw bYm-Imew ]e-scbpw Db¿Øn-

b-Xmbn ImWmw. kpdn-bm\nKm\-ßƒ AtX cmK-Øn¬Øs∂ A¿∞-

]p-jvSn-tbmSpw kwKo-X- w-Kn-tbmSpw ae-bmf Km\-ß-fm°pI F∂ ia-

I-chpw Znhy-hp-amb X]-ky-bv°p-th≠n ssZhw Xnc-s™-SpØv Db¿-

Ønb shÆn-°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n A°q- -Ønse Ctß-b-‰sØ _en-

jvT-amb IÆn-bm-Wv.

ae-bm-fw, kpdn-bm-\n, kwkvIr-Xw, Xan-gv, lnµn, Cw•ojv F∂o

Bdp mj-I-fn¬ ]fin-X-\mb kn. ]n. Nm≠nsb "ae-¶-c-bpsS At]w'

F∂p ]. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm hnti-jn-∏n-®p. 1969-˛¬ ].

_t -en-tbmkv HutK≥ ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m_mhm "k`m Ihn'

]´w \¬In BZ-cn-®p. ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I≥,

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv skan-\mcn ae-bmfw A≤ym-]-I≥, Xpº-a¨ `Zm-

k\ _me-k-amPw P\-d¬ skI- dn F∂o \ne-I-fnepw ]h¿Øn®p.

Ncn-Xm-t\z-jn-bmb Ct±-l-Øn\v ]gb ae-bmf mjbpw A°-ßfpw

hmbn-°p-hm-\p-a-dn-bmambn-cp∂p. ênX kam´pw anI® kwLm-S-I-

\p-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ ]kn-≤-\m-Wv. Ct±-l-Øns‚ cN-\-Itfm \¿-

tΩm‡n \nd™ ]`m-j-W-ßtfm kam-l-cn-®n-ń-√. Ipdp-sam-gn-Iƒ,

]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n, Xnc-s™-SpØ ]m´p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bmWp apJy IrXn-

Iƒ.

kn. ]n. Nm≠n 1943 apX¬ aq∂p h¿jw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv skan-

\m-cn-bnse ae-bmfw A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. skan-\m-cn-bnse klm-


≤ym-]-I-\mbncp∂ h -°p-t∂¬ hn. sI. amXyqkv (]n-∂oSv ]. amXyqkv

]Y-a≥ _mhm) A∂v k`m h¿°nwKv IΩn‰n AwKw IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p.

h¿°nwKv IΩn‰n AwK-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ At±-l-Øn\p \n›-bn-°-s∏´

]h¿Ø\ taJe kmlnXyw Bbn-cp-∂p. Bcm-[-\m-I-a-ß-fpsS X¿-

÷a XpS-ßp-hm\pw …o_m \a-kvImcw BZy-`mKw X¿÷a sNøp-

hm\pw h¿°nwKv IΩn-‰n-bpsS \n¿t±iw hn. sI. amXyq-kn\p e`n-®p.

skan-\m-cn-bnse Xs‚ klm-≤ym-]-I-\mb kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS IhnXm-

NmXpcn Bcm-[\Ia-ß-fpsS X¿÷-a-bn¬ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥

hn. sI. amXyqkv Xocp-am-\n-®p. Aßs\ ]. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥

_mhm-bpsS HutZym-KnI Iev]\ A\p-k-cn®v Ccp-hcpw Bcm-[-\-I-

a-ß-fpsS X¿÷-a-bn-te°v ]th-in-®p. kpdn-bm\n Km\-ßƒ ae-bmf

Km\-ß-fm-°m-\p≈ tPmen-bm-bn-cp∂p X¿÷-a-bn¬ G‰hpw ]bm-k-

am-b-Xv. ae-bm-fw, kwkvIr-Xw, kpdn-bm\n mj-I-fn¬ kn. ]n. Nm≠n-

°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ah-Kmlw Cu ]bm-k-ta-dnb tPmen-bpsS ImTn\yw

Ipd-bv°p-hm≥ klm-b-I-am-bn. CtX-∏‰n h´-°p-t∂¬ IpSpw-_-N-cn-

X-Øn¬ (1993) ]. am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv ]Y-a-t‚-Xmbn tN¿Øn-

´p≈ Bfl-I-Y-bn¬ (t]Pv 160) Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:

""1942 ¬ k`bpsS h¿°nwKv IΩn‰n saº-dmbpw ÿm\-\ym-tb\

amt\-PnKv IΩn‰n AwK-ambpw ^m. hn. sI. amXyqkv \nb-an-°-s∏-´-

t∏mƒ ]≈n-s°- n-S-ßfpw Bcm-[-\bpw F∂ hIp-∏mWv At±-l-Øn\v

e`n-®Xv. "k`-bnse ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw Bcm-[-\bpw IqSp-X¬ ]tbm-P-

\-]-Zhpw BI-¿jIhpam°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n ]. _t en-tbmkv Koh-

dp-Kokv c≠m-a≥ _mhm-bpsS A\p-aXn]Imcw k`m-Ihn shÆn-°pfw

kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn Rm≥ B ZuXyw btYmNnXw

\n¿∆-ln-®p. Ct∏mƒ D]-tbm-K-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ _p[-\mgvN \a-kvImcw,

hn. Ip¿_m-\-bpsS c≠mw mKw, ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN KoX-ßƒ, lqtØm-

tΩm, IqZm-i-I-a-ß-ƒ F∂nh Rm≥ A°m-eØp C]-Imcw cNn-®n-

´p≈ Bcm-[\Ia-ß-fmWv.''

kpdn-bm\n lqtØmtΩm Km\-ßƒ 1947-˛¬ ae-bm-f-Øn-em-°n-bXv

h -°p-t∂¬ hn. sI. amXyqkv A®≥ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. ]pkvX-I-Øns‚

Ih¿ t]Pn¬ C]-Imcw ImWp∂p:

Syrian Theological Seminary Publication

lqtØmtΩm

]cn-`m-j-I≥: shÆn-°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n


]km-[-I≥: kndn-b≥ Xntbm-f-Pn-°¬ knΩ-\mcn ]^-k¿

h´-°p-t∂¬ hn. sI. amXyp I»oim _n. F., _n. Un.

(Copy right Reserved) 1947 hne 6 W.

Cu KŸ-Ønse Km\-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-

≠p≈ ]. Koh¿Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_m-hm-bpsS Iev]-\bpw

HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS A`n-]m-bhpw

KŸ-Øns‚ BZy `mKØv tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. Ah C]-Im-c-amWv:

Iev]\ \º¿ 1

The Orthodox Syrian Church of the East

«olm-bv°-SpØ ]uc-kvXy- knw-lm-k-\-Øns‚ c≠m-asØ

KohdpKokmb _t -en-tbmkv ImtXm-en°m

(ap-Z)

hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS Ah-km-\-Øn¬ sNm√n hcp∂ lqtØm-

tΩm-bpsS Cu hnh¿Ø\w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\v \mw A\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-

°p-∂p.

kpdn-bm\n knΩ-\m-cn, (H∏v)

tIm´bw

3˛1-˛1123

hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS A¥y-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ lqtØmtΩm

Km\-Øns‚ Cu ae-bmf hnh¿Ø\w \mw ]cn-tim-[n-®p. kpdnbm\n

aqe-Øns‚ Bi-b-Øn\v H´pw wK-an-√msX kpJ-ambn ]mS-Ø-°-hÆw

CXns‚ cN-bn-Xm-hmb shÆn-°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n CXns\ `wKn-

bmbns®bvXn-´p-≠v.

sshZnI knΩ-\mcn am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv (H-∏v)

tIm´bw

16-˛11-˛1122

kpdn-bm-\n-bpsS alm aev]m-\m-bn-cp∂ HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-

tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS (]n-∂oSv ]. _t -en-tbmkv HutK≥

]Ya≥ ImtXm-en°m_mhm) Cu A\p-Kl hN-\-ßƒ kn. ]n.

Nm≠n°v ]tNm-Z-\-ta-In.

]n∂oSv tIm\m´v A_lmw aev]m≥ hn. Ip¿_m\ XIvkm ]kn-

≤o-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ Cu lqtØmtΩm Km\-ßƒ AXn-epƒs∏-Sp-Øp-Ibp-


≠m-bn. Cu Km\-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw ]kn-≤-am-bXv "]c-tam-∂-Xamw ]Z-

a-Xn-e-acpw'' F∂-Xm-Wv.

1948- ¬ ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN ipiq-j-bnse …o_m hµ-\-hns‚ KoX-

ßƒ h -°p-t∂¬ hn. sI. amXyqkv A®\pw kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpw tN¿∂v

Xøm-dm°n ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. Cu KŸ-Øns‚ Ih¿ t]Pn¬ C]-Imcw

ImWp∂p:

ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN …o_m hµ-\-hns‚ KoX-ßƒ

hnip≤ ImtXm-en°m _mhm Xncp-a-\- nse tijvTm-\p-a-Xn-tbmSp

IqSn ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

kpdn-bm\n X¿÷a

]cn`mjI≥: Znhy-io. hn. sI. amXyp Iioim

hnh¿Ø-I≥: kn. ]n. Nm≠n shÆn-°pfw

Printed and Published from the O.S.C.A. Office, KottayamH∂mw ]Xn∏v tIm∏n 2000

hne \me-W. The Town Press, Kottayam. 1948.

Bôkp apZ-bn-√mØ ]pkvXIw hymP-\n¿Ωn-X-am-Ip-∂p.

hn. sI. amXyqkv A®\pw kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpw tN¿∂v Xøm-dm-

°nb …o_m \a-kvImcw AS-ßnb hn. Ip¿∫m-\-Iaw 1949 ¬ ]kn-

≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. ]kvXpX ]pk-vXI-Øns‚ Ih¿t]-Pn¬ C]-Imcw

ImWp∂p:

No. 2

Orthodox Theological Seminary PublicationHm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS

…o_m apX¬ IywXm hsc-bp≈ Rmb-dmgvN \a-kvImcw

_mhm Xncp-a-\- nse tijvTm-\p-a-Xn-bp-≈-Xv.

(Copy right Reserved)]cn-`m-j-I≥ & ]km-[-I≥: h´-°pt∂¬ amXyp I»oim

hn-h¿Ø-I≥: shÆn-°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n

hne 3 AW. 1949

h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv aev]m\pw tIm\m´v amØ≥ aev]m\pw

tN¿∂v X¿÷a sNbvXXpw I≠-Øn¬ h¿Kokv am∏n-fbpw sIm´m-c-


Øn¬ i¶p-Ænbpw Km\-ßƒ cNn-®-Xp-amb "IywXm \a-kvImcw ˛

Ip¿_m-\-Iaw' BWv AXp-hsc ae-¶-c-bn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cp∂ hn. Ip¿∫m-\-I-aw. CtXm-sSm∏w …o_m \a-kvIm-chpw IqSn

tN¿ØmWv h´-°p-t∂¬ amXyqkv A®≥ KŸw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv.

Cu Ip¿_m-\-I-a-Øns‚ "apJ-hpc'bn¬ ]km-[-I≥ C]-Imcw

FgpXn: "kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ \n∂p≈ At\Iw ]Zy-hn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ C∂p

ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠v. Ah-bn¬ Gdnb ]¶pw A¿∞-hy-Xym-kw, hrØ-

`wKw, k‘n-tZm-jw, bXn-`wKw F∂n-hsIm≠p \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂-h-

bmWv. Ah-bpsS D]-tbmKw `mjm-km-ln-Xy-tØmSpw aqe-K-Ÿ-ß-

tfmSpw sNøp∂ alm-]-cm-[-sat∂ ]d-bp-hm≥ \nhr-Øn-bp-≈p. Cu

KŸ-Øn¬ Aß-s\-bp≈ Ipd-hp-Iƒ hcm-Xn-cn-∏m≥ ]tXyIw i≤n-

®n-´p-≠v. kpdn-bm\n cmK-Øn¬ Xs∂ bmsXmcp ]bm-khpw IqSmsX

sNm√-Ø-°-h-Æ-amWp ]m´p-Iƒ D≠m°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]gb ]m´p-

Iƒ sNmt√≠ ÿm\-ß-fn¬ tN¿°Ø-°-hÆw ]pXnb hnh¿Ø-

\-ßƒ Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw ]gb ]m´pI-tfm-Sp≈ F√m-h-cp-

sSbpw ]cn-Nbw \nanØw Ah -Xs∂ tN¿°p∂-Xm-Wp-Ø-a-sa∂p

IcpXn an°-hmdpw Aßs\ tN¿Øn- p-≠v. F∂m¬ Ahsb ]p\cmbn

]cn-tim-[n-t°≠ Imew AXn-I-an-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p ]d-tb-≠nbn-cn-

°p-∂p' (Cu ]km-[-I-°p-dn-∏nse Bi-b-ßƒ Xs∂ kn. ]n. Nm≠n-

bpsS "\ΩpsS Bcm-[-\m-Ko-X-ßƒ' F∂ teJ-\Ønepw ImWp-∂-

Xn-\m¬ CXv ]km-[-I\p th≠n At±lw Fgp-Xn-btXm As√-¶n¬

kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs°m≠v ]km-[-I≥ Xs∂ Fgp-

Xn-bt-Xm BIp-hm≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v).

1953-˛¬ ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN \a-kvImcw ]q¿Æ-ambpw ^m. hn. sI.

amXyqkpw kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpw tN¿∂v Xøm-dm°n ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.

CXns‚ c≠mw ]Xn∏v 1959 ˛¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p-≠v. AXns‚ Ih¿

t]Pn¬ C]-Im-cw ImWp-∂p:

ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN \a-kvImcw

c≠mw ]Xn∏v

]km-[-I≥: amXyqkv am¿ AØ-m\mtkymkv F∏n-kvtIm∏m

hnh¿Ø-I≥: shÆn-°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n.

1959 ae-bmf at\m-ca ] v

kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS ]kn-≤-amb Cu KŸ-Øns‚ At\Iw ]Xn-

∏p-Iƒ ]kn-≤o-I-cn®p Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p. hn. Ip¿_m-\-Iaw Ign-


™m¬ G‰-hp-a-[nIw ]Xn-∏p-Ifpw tIm∏n-Ifpw D≠m-bn-´p≈ KŸ-

am-Wn-Xv.

k`m-IhnbpsS k¿K-tijn a\- n-em-°nb tIm\m´v A_lmw

aev]m-\pw Fw. kn. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv dºm-\pw, bqlm-t\m≥ am¿ tkth-

dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw ]n∂oSv At±-l-Øn\v Xß-tfm-sSm∏w

Xma-kn®v Km\ßƒ cNn-°p-hm≥ Ah-kcap≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-Øp.

Aßs\ ]mºm-°p-S-bnepw ]mØm-ap-´Øpw ]cp-a-e-bnepw Cu Ejn-

h-cy≥ Xma-kn-®p. Cu ÿe-ß-fn¬ h®v X]-ky-bpsS GIm-¥-X-bn¬

ssZhnI Nn¥-bpsS Bflm-hn¬ cN-\-Iƒ hm¿∂p-ho-Wp.

tIm\m´v A_lmw a¬∏m≥, kn. ]n. Nm≠nbp-sam-cp-an®v ivloam

\a-kvImcw X¿÷a sNbvXv ]kn-≤o-Icn-®p. IqZm-i-I-a-ß-fpw B\o-

Zm-bpw, t\mºnse \a-kvIm-cw, IqZm-i-I-a-ßƒ, B≠p-X-Ivkm, s]cp-

∂mƒ ipiq-jm-I-a-ßƒ, ih-kw-kvIm-c -ip-iq-jm-Iaw F∂nh

A_lmw aev]m\pw kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpw ]mºm-°pS aev]m≥ `h-\-

Øn¬ Hcp-an-®-Xp-hgn ae-¶-cbv°v e`n® aWn-ap-Øp-I-fmWv. tIm\m´v

amØ≥ a¬∏m≥ X¿÷a sNbvXv h®n-cp∂ hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønse

kphn-ti-j-ßƒ kwtim-[\w sNbvXv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ kwcw-`-

Ønepw A_lmw a¬∏m-t\m-sSmØv kn. ]n. Nm≠n kl-I-cn-®p.

Fw. kn. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv dºm-®\pw kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpw ]mØm-

ap´Øv Zb-dm-bn¬ ktΩ-fn-®-Xp-hgn "]m¿∞-\m-tbm-K-anXw' Fs∂mcp

KŸw ]pXp-Xmbn Xø-dm°n ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. "Cu ]pkvX-I-Ønse

k`m KoX-ß-fp-sSbpw ]pXnb ]m´p-I-fp-sSbpw cN-\-bn¬ kn. ]n. Nm≠n

Ah¿I-tfmSp Rm≥ IrX-⁄-Xm-]q¿∆w IS-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p' F∂v KŸ-

Øns‚ BZy-`m-KØp Xs∂ dºm-®≥ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.

kn. ]n. Nm≠n-tbmSv hf-sc-b-[nIw kvt\lhpw _lp-am-\-hp-ap≠m-

bn-cp∂ Ipdn-bm-t°mkv dºm≥ "kap-Zmb Ihn' F∂v At±-lsØ

BZy-ambn hnti-jn-∏n-®p. ]n∂oSv B hnti-jWw "k`m-Ihn' F∂mbn

amdn. 1950 G]n¬ e°w ae-¶ck`-bn¬ "ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN Ipcnip

Ipºn-Sp-tºmƒ sNm√m-hp-∂Xv' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ Hcp Km\w- sImSp-

Øn-´p-≠v. Ihn-bpsS t]cn\p ]Icw "k`m-I-hn-bm¬ cNn-°-s∏-´-Xm-

WnXv' F∂v sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. "ae-¶ck`'-bpsS ]Xm-[n-]-cmb Fw.

kn. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv dºm-®-\m-bn-cn-°Ww C]-Imcw Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. BZy-

ambn "k`m-Ihn' F∂ hnti-jWw ]Xy-£-s∏-´Xv ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS

ta¬∏-d™ e°-Øn-em-bn-cn-°-Ww.

bqlm-t\m≥ am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw kn. ]n.


ewL\w hcm-Ø-hn-[-Øn¬ Km\-ßƒ cNn-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠nb

kzmX¥yw k`m-Ihn kn. ]n. Nm≠n°p e`n-°p-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ _p≤n-

ap´p IqSmsX sNm√m-hp∂ ]e Km\-ßfpw kpe-`-am-tb-t\. At±lw

hnc-Nn® Bcm-[-\m-Km-\-ßƒ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bv°p ]pdsa

At¥ym-Iycpw doØp-Imcpw sXmgn-bq¿ k`-°m-cp-sams° D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv \ap°v A`n-am-\-I-c-am-Wt√m. k -bv°p-th≠n sNbvX

al-\o-b-amb Km\ cN\m b⁄-Øn\p X°-hÆw Hcp ]cn-K-W\

At±-l-tØmSv k` ImWn-°p-∂pt≠m F∂v ktµ-ln-°p-∂p. ]uV-

ambpw efn-X-ambpw ]ms´-gp-Xp-hm-\p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ Ign-hns\

\ΩpsS k` ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØp-∂n-√. Aº-e-Øns‚ tImWn¬ ISn®

amXn-cn-bn¬ Nne Bcw-`-ßƒ°v At±lw D]-tbm-K-s∏´p F∂-√msX

k -bpsS Bcm-[-\m-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ hn]p-e-amb NI-hmf koa-bv°p-

≈n¬ th≠p-thmfw At±-lsØ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ km[n-°p-

sa-¶n¬ AXp k`bv°v D]-Im-c-]-Z-am-bn-cn-°pw. At±-l-Øns‚ Km\w

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h¿°p- t]mepw AXns‚ cN-bn-Xmhv At±-l-am-sW-

∂-dn-™p- Iq-Sm-bn-cn-°pw. k`mtIµ-Ønepw ]mºm-°p-Sbpw ]mØm-

ap-´-Øp-sams° Ccp∂v kn. ]n. Nm≠n Km\-c-N\ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xp-

t]mse taenepw km[n-°p-sa-¶n¬ AXp k`-bvs°mcp t\´-am-bn-cn-

°pw.''

kn. ]n. Nm≠nsb A\-iz-c-\m-°nb cN-\-bmWv ImtXm-en°m awKf-

Km-\w. C¥y-bpsS tZiobKm\-Øns‚ SyqWn¬ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-

Nm≠nbpw ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS

PohnXw sIm≠v ]cn-ip-≤-am-°s∏´

]cp-ae skan-\m-cn-bn¬ H∂n-®-Xns‚

ê-ambn ]. ]cp-ae am¿ KntKm-dn-

tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp-

∂m-fns‚ \a-kv°m-c-Iaw (1977), ].

ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ s]cp-∂m-fns‚ \a-

kv°m-c-Iaw (1983), lmim-KoX-ßƒ

F∂o hninjvS KŸ-ßƒ ae-¶-

cbv°v e`n-®p.

bqlm-t\m≥ am¿ tkth-dn-tbm-

kv, kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS Ignhp-Isf

ASp-Ø-dn-™-tijw 1984-˛¬ C]-

Imcw FgpXn (a-e-¶-c-k-`, 1984

HIvtSm-_¿; t]Pv 8): ""XXz-ßƒ°pbqlm-t\m≥ am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv


tUmIvkv k -bpsS tZio-b-Km\w At±lw cNn-®p. AXnse Nne hm°p-

Iƒ t]\m-Øp-ºn¬ \n∂pw DXn¿∂phogp-hm≥ aq∂p Znhkw hsc

At±lw ImØn-cn-°p-I -t]mepw sNbvXp. Hcp Zi-I-Øn\p apºv C¥y-

bpsS tZio-b-Km-\-Øns‚ SyqWn¬ a‰p Km\-ßƒ ]mSn√ F∂v

Kh¨sa‚ v Xocp-am-\n-®-X-\p-k-cn-®mWv ]kvXpX Km\w am‰n ]pXnb

Km\w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xv.

kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS Bcm-[\m Km\-c-N\m NmXp-cy-Øn¬ kt¥m-

jn-®v, "ae-¶-c-bpsS At]w' F∂v ]. _t -en-tbmkv Koh¿Kokv ZznXo-

b≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm At±-lsØ hnti-jn-∏n-®p. 1964- ¬ ]. _t -

en-tbmkv HutK≥ ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm k`m amt\-PnwKv

IΩn-‰n-bpsS ip]m¿i-b-\p-k-cn®v "k`m-Ihn' F∂ \maw HutZym-Kn-I-

ambn kn. ]n. Nm≠n°v \¬In At±-lsØ BZ-cn-®p.

1969 P\p-hcn 7 sNm∆mgvN ]. HutK≥ ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm

k`m amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n-bn¬ h®v kph¿Æ Io¿Øn-apZ \¬In k`m-

I-hnsb _lp-am-\n-®p. CXv kw_-‘n®v 1969 P\p-hcn 4˛\v "k`m-Ihn°v

kph¿Æ Io¿Øn-apZ' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ ae-bm-f-a-t\m-ca ]kn-

≤o-I-cn® hm¿Ø-bpsS D≈-S°w C]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p:

""]Ø-\w-Xn´ P\p. 3. ae-¶c Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`-bnse Bcm-

[\m KoX-ß-fpsS hnh¿Ø-I≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn tkh-

\-a-\p-jvTn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ k`m-Ihn shÆn-°pfw kn. ]n.

Nm≠nbv°v ]cn-ip≤ ImtXm-en°m _mhm Xncp-a-\- p-sIm≠p ASpØ

sNm∆m-gvNsØ amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n tbmK-Øn¬ h®v kz¿Æ-\n¿Ωn-X-

amb ImtXm-en-t°‰v saU¬ kΩm-\n-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

]kn≤ kphn-tij ]kw-K-I-\m-bn-cp∂ shÆn-°p-fØp N°m-e-

°p-t∂¬ nen-t∏m-kp-]-tZ-in-bpsS ]pX-\mWp Nm≠n. _mey-Øn¬

Xs∂ Ihn-Xm-c-N-\-bn¬ kma¿∞yw ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp∂ Ct±lw Cc-hn-

t]-cq¿ sk‚ v tPm¨knse sslkvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p tijw

kwkvIrX `mjm ]T-\-Øn-\mbn ssI∏-´q¿ X´-bn¬ ]c-ta-iz-c≥

\ºym-Xn-cn-bpsS injyXzw kzoI-cn-®p. tZh-`m-j-bnepw tIc-f-`m-

jbnepw _ncpZw t\Snb Cu bph Ihn-bpsS a[p-c-Ko-X-ßƒ k`m-a-

fi-eØnse h¿°nwKv IΩn-‰n-°m-cpsS i≤-bn¬s]-Sp-Ibpw "]ptcm-

K-a\ ]≤Xn-'b\pkcn-®p≈ Km\ hnh¿Ø-\-Øn\v Ct±lw \nb-an-X-

\m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

aq∂p- h¿j-tØmfw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Ime-b-

f-hn¬ amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \n¿t±-i-a-\p-


k-cn®p Ip¿∫m-\-I-aw, IqZm-i-I-aw, …o_m \a-kvIm-cw, ZpxJ-sh-≈n-

bmgvN \a-kvIm-cw F∂n-h-bnse KoX-ß-fpsS cN\ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n.

ae¶c aev]m≥ tIm\m v G_lmw IØ-\m-cpsS \n¿t±-im-\p-k-cWw

Ct±lw CS-°m-eØp B≠p-s]-cp-∂mƒ Ia-Øn-sebpw ASpØ ka-

bØp aqtdm≥ IqZm-i-bn-sebpw KoX-ßƒ kvXpXy¿l-amb \ne-bn¬

hnh¿Ø\w sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

Xpº-a¨ `Zm-k-\-Ønse Hcp k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]h¿Ø-I\pw

]kw-K-I-\p-amb k`m-Ihn ]Ø-\w-Xn´ ImtXm-en-t°‰v sslkvIq-

fnse ko\n-b¿ ae-bm-fm-≤ym-]-I-\m-Wv.''

kn. ]n. Nm≠n Km\-c-N\ \S-Ønb KŸ-ß-fpsS Hcp enÃv Xmsg-

s°m-Sp-°p-∂p. Fs‚ Kth-j-W-^-e-ambn kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS Km\-

ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p∂ KŸ-ß-fm-sW∂v Xo¿®-bm-°-s∏-´-h-

bpsS enÃmWv sImSp-°p-∂-Xv. _mbv°-‰n¬ H∂mw ]Xn-∏ns‚ ]kn-

≤o-I-c-W-h¿jhpw sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

(1) …o_m apX¬ IywXm hscbpw IywXm apX¬ …o_m- h-sc-

bp≈ Rmb-dmgvN \a-kvImcw & hn. Ip¿_m-\-Iaw (1959).

(2) ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN \a-kvImcw (1955)

(3) IqZm-i-I-a-ßfpw B\o-Zmbpw

(4) t\mºnse \a-kvImcw

(5) IqZm-i-I-a-ßƒ

(6) ivloam \a-kvImcw

(7) B≠p XIvkm

(8) ]. ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚ s]cp-\m-fp-I-fnse s]¶okm \a-kvIm-c-

Iaw (1983)

(9) lmim-Ko-X-ßƒ

(10) ]. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS s]cp-\m-fnse s]¶okm \a-kvImc-

Iaw (1977)

(11) s]cp-\mƒ ipiq-jm-I-a-ßƒ (1968)

(12) ih-kw-kvImc ipiq-jm-Iaw

(13) sshZn-I-cpsS ih-kw-kvImc ipiq-j-Iaw

(14) ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN …o_m hµ-\-hns‚ KoX-ßƒ (1948)

(15) …o_m apX¬ IywXm hsc-bp≈ Rmb-dmgvN \a-kvImcw

(1949)


(16) lqtØmtΩm (1947)

(17) hn. Ip¿∫m\ XIvkm

(18) ]m¿∞\mtbmK- an-Xw

ae-¶ck -bv°p- th≠n kz¥w Pohn-Xhpw ]h¿Ø-\hpw Dgn-™p-

h® Ejn-h-cy-\mb Cu sIm®p-a-\p-jy\v k` DNn-X-amb hnS-hm-ß¬

\¬In F∂Xv Bizm-k-I-c-am-Wv. ]. amX-yqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-

°m-_m-hmbpw Xpºa¨ Zm-k\ saXm-t∏m-eoØm oen-t∏mkv am¿

butk-_n-tbmkpw C°m-cy-Øn¬ ImWn® Xmev]-cysØ FX A`n-

\-µn-®mepw aXn-bm-hp-I-bn-√. tIc-f-Øn-s‚-sb-∂√ mc-X-Ønse Xs∂

]apJ Ihn-I-fn¬ Hcm-fm-Im-am-bn-cp∂ shÆn-°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n-

bpsS k¿§-hm-k-\-Isf°pdn®v ]Tn-°p-hm\pw hm¿≤Iy-Øn-em-bn-cp∂

At±-lsØ \µn-]q¿∆w A\p-kva-cn-°p-hm\pw Bcpw apXn-cp-∂n-√t√m

F∂ Nn¥ Bcm-[-\m-th-f-I-fn-sems° Fs∂ aYn-°p-hm≥ XpSßn-

b-Xns\ XpS¿∂mWv "ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kz¿Kob In∂cw' F∂ IrXn

Xøm-dm-°-s∏-´-Xv. kmº-ØnI Rcp°w aqew ]kn-≤o-I-cWw apS-

ßnb B IrXn io. sI. hn. amΩs\ Gev]n-°p-Ibpw AXns\

XpS¿∂v ]pXnb ]e hnh-c-ßfpw tN¿Øv AXv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°pIbp-

amWv D≠m-b-Xv. XpS¿∂v sk‚ v KntKm-dntbmkv Ahm¿Uv, k`m Xmcw

F∂ _lp-aXn, Xpºa¨ Zm-k\ saXm-t∏m-eoØmbpsS ]tXyI

At\z-j-Whpw ]cn-c-£bpw XpS-ßnbh k`m-I-hn°v e`n-®p. HSp-hn¬

am°mw-Ip-∂nse sk‚ v t_kn¬ Ac-a-\-tbmSp tN¿∂v, Xm≥ cNn®

Bcm-[\mKoX-ßƒ Ft∏mgpw tIƒ°-Ø°hn[-Øn¬ k` At±-l-

Øn\v A¥y-hn-i-a-ÿ-e-hp-sam-cp-°n. CXn-s\ms° Hcp Ffnb \nan-

Ø-am-bn-Øo¿∂-Xn¬ ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Cu Ah-kcw D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

˛ tPmbvkv tXm -bv°mSv


4ae-¶ck`-bpsS

Bcm-[-\m-I-a-ßƒ:

kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS ]¶v

\nXy\qX-\-amb `mh-\m-hn-em-k-ßƒ°v Bhn-jv°mcw \¬IpI

˛ AXmWv ]Xn-`-bpsS I¿Ω-Im-fiw. A]q¿∆ hkvXp-\n¿Ωm-W-£-

a-amb ]⁄-bmWv ]Xn` F∂v \n¿h-Nn® BNm-cy-∑m¿ CXv hy‡-

am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. `mh-ß-fpsS A]q¿∆-Xbpw Bhn-jv°m-c-Øns‚ Nmcp-

Xbpw cN-\sb hiyhpw BI¿j-I-hp-am-°p-∂p. mh-Nm-Xp-cn-bn¬ ]Xn-

`hhpw cq]-Nm-Xpcn-bn¬ Imhym-\p-io-e\ kwkvIm-chpw am[y-a-Øns‚

ssIb-S-°hpw ]Im-in-X-am-hp-∂p. CXv Imhy-I-e-bpsS a¿Ωw. ]mNo\

kwkvIm-c-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp kXy-ap-≠v: aX-ß-

fnse Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´mWv F∂pw Fhn-sSbpw

Ihn-X-bpsS NcnXw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. Cuiz-cm-`n-apJamb cXn-bmWv

Ihn-X-bpsS km¿h-Xn-I-amb BZy-]-tNm-Z-\w. Ihn-X-bpsS amX-a-√,

kwKo-Xw, Nn-Xw, inev]w, hmZyw, \rØw XpS-ßnb kpµcIe-Isf√mw

BZyw CXƒ hn-S¿Øn-bXv ‡n-ckw Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-hm-\m-Wv. mcX

]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Bhn¿`-hn® BZn-th-Z-ßfpw skan-‰nIv ]›m-Ø-e-

Øn¬ angn-hn-S¿Ønb k¶o¿Ø-\-ßfpw sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv as‰m-∂-√.

]Xn- -bpsS BZy-Xp-Sn-∏p-Iƒ ssZhm- n-ap-J-am-bXv kzm`m-hn-I-hp-am-Wv.

Ahs‚ Krlm-Xp-c-Xz-Øns‚ s\mÃmƒPn-b-bpsS BZy A≤ymbw

ssZh kwk¿§-ap≈ ]dp-Zokm Bb-Xn-\m¬ XZm-hn-jv°mcw kzm`m-

hn-I-ambpw A\n-hmcyw Xs∂. ]mIrX aX-ß-fn¬t∏mepw Km\-cq-]-

Øn-e-√msX A\p-jvTm\ ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ cq]wsIm≠-Xmbn Adn-hn-√.

F√m a¥-ßfpw ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw BXy¥nI hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ Ihn-

X-Iƒ Xs∂.

Ejn A√m-Ø-h≥ Ihn-b√ F∂v Imhy-N¿®-bn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-

s∏- -Xp-t]mse Ihn-b-√m-Ø-h≥ Ejn-b√ F∂pw Hm¿°m-hp-∂-XsX.-

]-hm-N-I-∑m¿ Zo¿LZ¿inI-fpw Ihn-I-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. teJ-\-hn-Zy-Ifpw

Hcp thf en]n hyhÿ t]mepw A⁄m-X-amb Ime-ß-fn¬ lrZnÿ-

am-°p-hm-\p≈ kuI-cy-sØ-]-Xn-bmImw ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Imhy-cq-]-

Øn¬ Bhn-jv°mcw tXSn-b-Xv. Ihn-X-bnse kwKo-Xw Hm¿Ωn-°m≥

amX-a√ A¿∞\nth-Z-\-ßƒ°-Xo-X-amb `mthm-∑o-e\w km[n-®Xp


sIm≠v `mj-bp-sSbpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw AXn¿h-c-ºp-Isf t`Zn-

°p-hm≥ sIev]p‰Xm-bn-cp-∂p. C∂pw kwkvIr-Xhpw Ad-_nbpw kpdn-

bm-\n-bp-sams° hnhn-[- a-X-ßƒ A¿∞-\n-th-Z-\-£-a-ßƒ As√-¶n¬-

t∏mepw ]cn-c-£n-°p-hm≥ \n¿_‘w ImWn-°p-∂-Xv Ah-bpsS kwKo-

XhoNn-Iƒ ]I¿∂p Xcp∂ ‡n mh kmµ-amb Xohm-\p-`q-Xn-Isf

ap≥\n¿Øn-bm-Wv. `mcXk` ]mNo-\-Im-ew -ap-X¬ Xs∂ kwKoX

][m-\-amb Bcm-[-\-Iƒ ]cn-c-£n®ncp-∂p. Hcp-]-t£, Ncn-X-]-c-ambn

Ae-Ivkm-¥n-b, t]¿jy, At¥ymJym F∂o ]uckvXy ssIkvXh

k`-I-tfm-Sp-≠mb kº¿°hpw _‘hpw aqew kpdn-bm\n mj-bn¬

cNn-X-amb Bcm-[-\m-I-a-ß-fmWv tIc-f-Øn¬ A∂v D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-

´p-h-∂-Xv. s]m∂m\n Xpd-apJ ]´-W-amb ]meq-cn¬ \nh-kn-®n-cp∂

(Palore) blqZ kwk¿§w aqew Ah-cpsS mjm-kw-kvIm-c-ßƒ tIc-

f-Xo-cØv A]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. blq-Z-∑m-cpsS Bcm-[-\m- m-j-bmb

lo_phpw ]mtZ-inI kwkmc `mj-bmb Ac-amb kpdn-bm-\n-bpw

Ah-cn-eqsS A°mesØ Xan-g-cmb tIc-fo-b¿°v A\y-`m-j-bm-bn-cp-

∂n-√. amX-hp-a√ ]nev°m-eØv Bcym-[n\n-thi tijw Bcy- m-jbpw

Xangpw tN¿∂v aWn-]-hmf `mj cq]-s∏-´p-h-∂Xv t]mse InkvXp-

h¿j-Øns‚ BZy-iX-I-ß-fn¬ hntZ-i-hm-Wn-Py-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v

Ft∏mgpw kwk¿§-Øn¬ Ign-tb≠nh∂ _p≤- ˛ -ssP-\ ˛ -A-d-_n -

˛- b-lqZ ˛ ZmhnU P\-X-Iƒ°v ]men, Ad-_n, lo_p, kpdn-bm-\n,

Xangv `mj-Iƒ tN¿∂p≠mb Hcp k¶c kwkmc `mj kzmb-Ø-am-

bn´p≠m-bn-cp-∂p. blq-Z-cn¬ \n∂v BZysØ tIc-fob InkvXym\n

kaqlw cq]-s∏´t∏mƒ blq-ZcpsS kwkm-c-`mj F∂ \ne-bnepw

aX-ÿm-]-I-\mb am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS amXr- mj F∂ \ne-bnepw

Ac-amb kpdn-bm\n Bcm-[-\-I-fn¬ ]mapJyw t\Sn-bn-cp∂p. 190-˛¬

tIc-f-Ønse aX-kwhm-Z-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ £Wn-°-s∏´v hnP-b-

I-c-ambn ZuXyw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-t∏mb Ae-Ivkm-¥n-b≥ sshZnI

]mTim-e-bpsS D]m-≤y-£≥ ]m‚o\kv Ac-amb `mj-bn-se-gp-Xnb

InkvXp-aX kphn-tijw Chn-sS-\n∂p sIm≠p-t]mbn F∂ 4˛mw \q‰m-

≠n-se bqtk-_n-tbm-kns‚bpw sPtdm-an-s‚bpw Ncn-X-km£yw Cu

]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv hmbn-t°-≠-Xv.

DZbwt]cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ ImeØv (1599) tIcfk`-bn¬

s\kvtXm-dn-b≥ Bcm-[-\m-I-a-ß-fmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-sX∂ [mcW

icn-b-√. ]e ÿeØpw s\kvtXm-dn-b≥ Ia-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn°m-

sa-¶nepw ]q¿∆n-I-amb kz¥w Ia-ßƒ D]-tbm-K-Øn-en-cp∂ ÿe-

ßfpw Ipd-h-√m-bn-cp-∂p.- I¬Zmb kpdn-bm\n en]n-bn¬ (]u-ckvXy

kpdn-bm-\n) Fgp-X-s∏-´-Xp-sIm≠v Ahsb s\kvtXm-dn-b≥ Ia-ß-


fn¬\n∂v th¿Xncn®dnbp-∂-Xn¬ ]e At\z-j-Icpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-

bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

kpdn-bm\n `mj-bnse Bcm-[-\m-I-a-ßƒ AXy-¥-hn-kvXr-Xhpw

Imhya-bhpw BWv. D]-tZ-i-]-c-amb ]T-\-ßfpw hymJym-\-ßƒ

t]mepw Imhy-`m-j-bnemWp hnc-Nn-°p-∂-Xv. ]uckvXy ssIkvX-h-

k- -bpsS ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-∑m-cmb am¿ bmt°m-_v, am¿ At]w XpS-

ßnb ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS cN-\-Iƒ H´p an°-hbpw Imhy-ß-fm-Wv. Bcm-

[\m kmln-Xy-Øn¬ \n∂v hyXn-cn-‡-ambn ]uckvXy k -bn¬ ssZh-

im-kvXimJ hnI-kn-®n-ń-s√-∂Xv ]tXyIw it≤-bw. Bcm-[-\-Iƒ

BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ Kmss\I cN-\-Iƒ Bbn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Ah-bv°n-

S-bn¬ k¶o¿Ø-\-`mKw Iqń-t®¿°-s∏-´p. AXn\p tij-amWv ]k-

‡-amb KZy-]m¿∞-\-Iƒ kwI-an-®-Xv. Bcm-[-\-bpsS Bghpw ]c∏pw

A\-¥- hn-kvXr-X-am-Wv.

]XnZn\ \a-kvImcw Hcp hI, Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepw B≠-S-°-ap≈

s]cp-\m-fp-I-fn-te-°p-ap≈ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ thsdmcp hI, aq∂pt\mºv,

henbt\mºv, IjvSm-\p-`hBgvN Cu Znh-k-ß-fn-te-°p≈ ]m¿∞-

\-Iƒ C\nbpw Hcp hI, IqZm-i-Iƒ°p≈ hyXy-kvX -I-a-ßƒ as‰mcp

hI, ]pcp-j-∑m¿, kvXoIƒ, inip-°ƒ, sshZn-I¿ Ch-cpsS ih-kw-

kvIm-c -I-a-ßƒ ho≠pw Hcp hI, k\ymk -ÿm-\-Zm-\w, k\ym-kn-

\o -ÿm\Zm\w, ssXew IqZm-iIƒ, ]≈n ˛ X_-nsseØm IqZm-i-

Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ hn]p-e-amb thsdmcp hn`mKw Cßs\ _rl-Ømb

Bcm-[\m kwhn-[m-\-amWv ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn-ep-≈-Xv.

\a-kvIm-c-I-a-ß-sf√mw Ggv bmaß-fnte°pw hyXy-kvX-ßfm-Wv. H´p-

an° Km\-ßfpw F´p hyXykvX cmK-ß-fn¬ sNm√-Ø-°-hn[w hn\y-

kn-°-s∏´hbm-Wv. Hmtcm ipiq-jIƒ°pw AXXv hnj-b-ßfpsS mh

sshhn-[y-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v \n¿±njvS cmK-ßfp≠v. CXbpw hni-Zo-I-cn-

®Xv aqe-`m-j-bnse KoX-am-en-I-bpsS kwhn-[m-\w.

]m¿∞-\-mI-a-ßƒ amXr-`m-j-bn¬ F∂ hnπ-hm-fl-I-amb

]ÿm\w ae-¶-c-k-`-bn¬ Bcw-`n-®Xv \ho-I-c-W-Im-eØmWv. 19-˛mw

\q‰m-≠ns‚ ]q¿∆m¿≤-Øn¬ anj-Wdn-amcpw \ho-I-cW t\Xm-°fpw

Bh¿Øn® Hcp apZm-hm-Iy-amWv Bcm-[\ amXr-`m-j-bn¬ F∂-Xv.

]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-

Ømbpw (tIm-´bw ]gbskan-\mcn ÿm]-I≥) Imbw-Ipfw ]oen-

t∏mkv dºm\pw a‰pw tN¿∂v kphn-ti-j-ßƒ kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ \n∂v

`mjm-¥cw sNbvXp t_mws_ sImdn-b¿ ]kn¬ \n∂v 1811 ¬ ]kn-

≤o-I-cn® dºm≥ ss__nƒ BWv Cu ]ÿm-\-Ønse it≤-b-


amb BZy- Ir-Xn. I¿Æm-SI kwKo-X-Øn-s‚bpw lnµp-ÿm\n kwKo-

X-Øns‚bpw Xangv kwKo-X-\m-S-I-ß-fp-sSbpw Nph-Sp-]n-Sn®v ¢mknIv

ssien-bn¬ Ipsd ae-bmf Km\-ßƒ D≠m-bn. B ssien-bn¬

GXm\pw k¶o¿Ø\ hnh¿Ø-\-ßfpw [ym\-Io¿Ø-\-ßfpw hnc-Nn-

X-am-bn. BZy-Im-eØv amXr-`m-j, tZiob kwKo-Xw F∂o ASn-Ø-d-

I-fn¬ Du∂n-\n-∂p-sh-¶nepw Bwt•b anj-\-dn-am-cpsS t]m’m-l-\-

ßƒ kzoI-cn®v hf¿∂ ]ÿm\w ANn-tcW Cw•ojv ssien-bn-

te°v hgp-Xn-ho-Wp. Bwt•b inev]-am-Xr-I-bn¬ Ipsd kwKo-X-ßƒ

cNn-°-s∏- p. \ho-I-cWk -Iƒ BZy-Im-eØp ]kw-K-tbm-K-∏¥epI-

fn¬ IqSn \a-kvIm-c-th-Zn-I-fnepw ho´p-]m¿∞-\-I-fnepw Ahbv°v

]thiw \¬In. HSp-hn¬ Bcm-[-\-I-fnepw Ahbv°v Dƒ]-th-iw

\¬In. ae-¶-c-bnse kpdn-bm\n ]›m-Øeap≈-h¿ I¨h≥j≥ ]¥-

ep-I-fnepw a‰pw Ah D]-tbm-Kn®p t]m∂p-sh-¶nepw Bcm-[-\-I-fn¬

Ah D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂n-√.

am¿tØmΩm kpdn-bm\n k` AXns‚ kº-∂-amb \a-kvIm-c-I-a-

ßsf ]cn-Xy-Pn®v CØcw Io¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw Km\-ß-sfbpw Bcm-

[-\-bpsS `mK-am-°n. ]m´pw hmb-\bpw ]m¿∞-\bpw F∂ ssien

C]-Imcw Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-∂-Xm-Wv. ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ H´pan-°-hmdpw

hmNm ]m¿∞-\-I-fm-bn. hnhn[ kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂

Km\-ßƒ Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-ambn sXc-s™-Sp-°pI aqew Bcm-[-\-I-

fnse sFIcq]yw Ahbv°v an°-hmdpw \jvS-am-bn. F∂n-cp-∂mepw

IqZm-im-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fnse kpdn-bm\n Km\-ßƒ hnh¿ØnX cq]-ßfpw

kpdn-bm\n cmK-ßfpw Ah¿ \ne-\n¿Øn (H-∂c \q‰m-≠n\p tijw

\jvS-s∏-Sp-Ønb Km\ -km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ aqeyhpw ]Icw \ne-hn¬

hcp-Øn-b-h-bpsS A]-cym-]vX-Xbpw B k` Xncn-®-dn™p XpS-ßn-bn-

cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ ]cn-Xy-Pn® ]Xn-Zn-\-\-a-kvImcw Ah¿ ho≠pw ]Tn®p

XpS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v).

\ho-I-cWk`-bn¬ \S-°p∂ Cu Bcm-[\m cwKsØ hnπ-h-

Øns‚ Ae-b-Sn-Iƒ ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n k`-bnepw A\p-`-h-s∏´p

XpSßn. Bcm-[-\-Iƒ `mKn-I-ambn hnh¿Ø\w sNøp-hm\p≈ ia-

ßƒ ]Xns\´mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ HSp-hn¬Øs∂ Bcw-`n-®n-cp-∂p. Ip∂w-

Ipfw ]pen-t°m- n¬ C´q∏v aev]m≥ (-sk-an-\mcn ÿm]-I≥) hnh¿Ø-

\w sNbvX Io¿Ø-\-]p-kvX-Ihpw Ip¿∫m-\-I-ahpw \a-kvIm-cI-aß-

fpw A]-Im-inX cq]-Øn¬ Is≠Sp°s∏ń- p-≠v.- \-akvImcIa-ßfpw

Ip¿_m\Iaw hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX cq]-Øn¬ ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS F√m

`mK-ß-fnepw ssIsb-gpØp]Xn-Iƒ Bbn ]N-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.


Ip∂w-Ip-fw, Bep-hm, tIm´-bw, Ipdp-∏-º-Sn, IS-Ω-\n´ F∂o ]tZ-i-

ß-fn¬ Ch-bpsS ssIsb-gpØp]Xn-Iƒ Cu teJ-I≥ Is≠-SpØv

]cn-tim-[n-®n-´p-≠v.

]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv c≠m-a≥ ae-¶c

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v (]-cp-a-e - -tIm- bw Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-IfpsS

ÿm]-I≥) Ah-bpsS ae-bmf cq]-Øn-ep≈ ]mNo\ hnh¿Ø-\-ßƒ

BZyw tImgn-t°m´v ImflkvXnb∏m sNń-bm-cp-sS ] n¬ \n∂pw

]nev°m-eØp Ip∂w-Ipfw ]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v IØ-\mgvkv ap-Z-

Wm-e-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw- A-®-Sn®v ]kn≤oIcn-°p-hm≥ t]cW \¬In-

bXv (1850˛Ifn¬) tIm´bw kn. Fw. Fkv. apZ-Wm-e-b-Øn¬ \n∂v

]me-°p-∂Øv amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm

]kn-≤o-I-cn® \a-kvIm-c-I-ahpw Ip¿∫m-\-I-ahpw BWv. Ah-bn¬

hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ad-hn¬ \S-Ønb \ho-I-cW ]tbm-K-ß-fmWv ]pen-

t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v IØ-\m¿°v AXoh kml-kn-I-ambn Hcp apZ-

Wm-ebw Xs∂ kz¥w DS-a-ÿ-X-bn¬ Ip∂w-Ip-fØv ÿm]n-°p-hm≥

]tNm-Z\w ]I¿∂-Xv. Hcp ]cn-[n- hsc \ho-I-c-WsØ sNdp-°p-hm≥

B hnh¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v km[n-®p. 1905 hsc Ipd-™Xv ]Xn-\©p ]Xn-

∏p-I-fn-embn tImgn-t°m-Sv, Ip∂¶p-fw, tIm´bw F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬

ÿm]n-X-amb ] p-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\v \a-kvIm-c-I-

a-ßfpw Ip¿∫m-\-I-a-ßfpw ]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn. hoSp-I-fnepw tZhm-

e-b-ß-fnepw Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏- p. hoSp-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\mbn

tImUo-I-cn-°-s∏´ \a-kvIm-c-ßfpw Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ P\-ßƒ sNm√p∂

]Xn-I-cWhmIy-ßfpw ipiq-j-I¿ sNm√p∂ a≤yÿ ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw

a‰p-amWv Cu BZy-Ime hnh¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS e`y-am-b-Xv. Ah-bnse

kpdn-bm\n Km\-ßfpw KZycq]Øn¬ BWv hnh¿Ø\w sNøs∏ń-

cp-∂-Xv. KZy-hn-h¿Ø-\-cq-]-Øn¬ Km\-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ e`y-am-bn-

cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw X¬ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ kpdn-bm\n Km\-ßƒ Xs∂ D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-hm\mWv sshZn-Icpw P\-ßfpw CjvS-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv.

Ip¿∫m-\-I-a-Øn¬ P\-ßƒ sNm√p∂ GXp Km\hpw ae-bm-f-

Øn¬ e`y-am-I-W-sa∂v BK-ln® Bfm-bn-cp∂p ]. ]cp-ae am¿

KotKm-dn-tbmkv. Kpcp-hmb ]pen-t°m-ń¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ZznXo-

b\pw injy-\mb am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkpw C°m-cy-Øn¬ t\XrXzw

\¬In. ]pen-t°m- n¬ saXm-®s‚ klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-ß-tfmsS I≠-

Øn¬ hdp-Kokv am∏n-f, ae-bmf at\m-ca ]Xw Bcw-`n® Ime-am-bn-

cp∂p A∂v. Ihn-Xm-hm-k-\-bp≈ h¿§okv am∏n-f-bp-sSbpw At±-l-

Øns‚ kplr-Ømb Ihn sIm´m-c-Øn¬ i¶p-Æn-bp-sSbpw klmbw


C°m-cy-Øn¬ saXm-®-∑m¿ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ip¿∫m-\-I-a-Øn\v

]pd-sa IywXm-bpsS Ggp- bm-a-ß-fnse \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ kpdn-bm-\n-

bn¬ \n∂v ]. ]cp-ae am¿ KotKm-dn-tbm-kns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ h´-

t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv aev]m\pw tIm\m´v amØ≥ aev]m\pw tN¿∂v

ae-bmf KZy-Øn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp. I≠-Øn¬ h¿Kokv

am∏nfbpw sIm´m-c-Øn¬ i¶p-Ænbpw tN¿∂v Ah-bpsS Km\m-hn-

jv°mcw km[n-®p. kpdn-bm\n cmK-ß-fn¬ Xs∂-bmWv Ah kwhn-

[m\w sNøs∏´Xv.

Ip¿∫m-\bv°p apºp]tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp∂ "shfn-hp-\n-d-t™m-cotim....'

F∂ Km\w, "`qhn-e-ti-jw', "]ueqkv «olm', "A≥]p-S-tbm-s\', Ip°n-

en-tbm≥ sk‰p-Iƒ F∂o Ip¿∫m-\-I-a-Ønse KoX-ßƒ IywXm

KoX-ß-tfm-sSm∏w B hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ tN¿Øn-cp-∂p. 1903-˛¬ BZy-

]Xn ]kn-≤o-I-cn®XmbmWv Cu teJ-I≥ a\- n-em-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv.

AXns‚ Hcp ]Xn teJ-Is‚ ssIh-i-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ GXm\pw h¿j-

ßƒ°p apºv H∂mw ]Xn∏v ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xmbn Nne¿ AhIm-

i-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. ]nev°m-eØv ]e KoX-ßfpw Iqń-t®¿Øv Ip¿∫m-\I-

a-Øn\v ssh]peyw h∂n- p-s≠-¶nepw BZy-hn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ mjtbm

kwhn-[m-\-I-atam hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- n-√. F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv GXm≠v

A©v Zim-_vZ-°m-e-tØmfw hyh-lm-c-®p-gn-bn¬ AI-s∏´ k`bv°v

Cu cwKØv it≤-b-amb ]h¿Ø\ßƒ H∂pw sNbvhm≥ km[n-®n-

√. Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fn¬ IywXm KoX-ßƒ AS-ßnb ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ \S-

Øpw. a‰p Znh-k-ß-fnepw s]cp-∂m-ƒ Zn\-ß-fnepw kpdn-bm\n \a-

kvIm-c-ßƒ \S-Øpw.

ASpØ L´-Øn¬ hn Ip¿∫m-\, B≠p XIvkm Ia-ßƒ, IqZm-

im-I-a-ßƒ, Ch-bpsS ]pan-tbm≥ skZvdm-Iƒ F∂nh ae-bm-f-Øn-

te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-´p. ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ an°-hmdpw ]´-°m¿

X¬k-ab hnh¿Ø-\-ambn \S-Øp-hm≥ ian-®n-cp-∂p. ]m´p-Iƒ

At∏mgpw an°-hmdpw kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬Øs∂ ]mSp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

ItaW I¥o-e, Il-ss\-Øm, IqZm-im-I-a-ßƒ (1922), B≠p

XIvkm (1920) F∂n-h-bpsS Km\-ßƒ KZy-ambn hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp

]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. IjvSm-\p-`-h B-gvN-bnse ]pan-tbm≥ ˛ skZvdm-Iƒ

hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXXpw Cu L´-Øn-em-Wv. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥

_mhm XpS-ßnb bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-cmb `‡-∑m¿ Cu hnh¿Ø-\-i-a-

ßsf ]Xn-tcm-[n-®p-sh-¶nepw Ime-Øns‚ ]hm-l-K-Xnsb XS-bp-hm≥

B¿°pw Ign-™n-√. hnLv\-ßƒ ASn-°Sn D≠m-sb-¶nepw amXr-`m-

j-bn¬ Bcm-[-\m-I-a-ßƒ ASn-°Sn ]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-hp-I -Xs∂


sNbvXp. _Y-\n-bnse ^m. ]n. ‰n. Koh-dp-Ko-kns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Ønepw

]pen-t°m- n¬ C´q∏v siΩm-i≥ (-]n-∂oSv dºm-\m-bn. doØn¬ tN¿∂p)

aq°-t©-cn¬ Fw. ]n. ]tXmkv siΩm-i≥ (]n-ev°m-eØv …o_m-

Zmk kaql ÿm]-I≥ am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv) F∂n-h-cpsS kl-I-

c-W-Ønepw Ip¿∫m\ XIvkm BZy-ambn Ip∂w-Ipfw G. B¿. ]n.

]kn¬ \n∂v ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. am¿ bmt°m-_v, am¿ Zoh-∂m-

tkymkv, am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv F∂o Npcp°w Nne Ia-ßtf AXn¬

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. 1920 emWv AXns‚ BZy-]-Xn∏v Cd-ßn-b-Xv.

1918-˛¬ Cd-ßnb IjvSm-\p-`-h BgvN ]pan-tbm≥ Xbm-dm-°p-∂-

Xn¬ A°m-eØv Ip∂w-Ipfw Bfl-t]m-jnWn amkn-I-bpsS ]Xm-[n-

]¿ Bbn-cp∂ h≈-tØmƒ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\ms‚ ]¶m-fnØw D≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. AXnse ]m]n-\n-sb-°p-dn®v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv am¿ …o_n

AXoh Imhym-fl-I-ambn hnc-Nn® s]k-lm-bpsS D®-\-a-kvIm-c-Øn-

se- skZvdmbpsS Bflm-hns\ Bhm-ln®v alm-Ihn aKvZ-e-\-a-dnbw

F∂ Jfi-Imhyw cNn-®Xv ae-bmf IhnXm Ncn-X-Ønse Hcp

kw`hw Bbn-cp-∂p. ]t£ h≈-tØm-fns‚ Ic-kv]¿iw lmim ]pan-

tbm-\p-Isf kwkvIrX]Z _lp-e-am-°n. IqSp-X¬ kc-f-amb Hcp

hnh¿Ø\w ]n∂oSv lmim ]pan-tbm-\p-Iƒ°v \¬In-bXv a´-°¬

Ae-Ivk¥tbmkv aev]m-\mWv. \nXy-]m¿∞-\m-Iaw F∂ t]cn¬

hoSp-I-fn-te°v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ _rl-Ømb Hcp \a-kvImc

]pkvXIw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xv CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ it≤-b-am-Wv. hS-°≥

`mK-ß-fn¬- C∂pw ]Nm-c-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ Cu ]pkvXIw Imt\m\m

\a-kvImcw, s]¶okm ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, t\mºnse ]m¿∞-\, lmim

]m¿∞\ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ \n∂v FUn‰v sNbvX hnh¿Ø-\-ß-fm-

Wv. tIm\m v amØ≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bmWv CXns‚ hnh¿Ø-I≥.

hnh¿Ø\ cwKØv Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ sNbvX

as‰m-cmƒ HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbm-kv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm (]n-∂oSv

HutK≥ ]Y-a≥ _mhm)- BWv. henb t\mºn-sebpw aq∂v t\mºn-

sebpw ]pan-tbm≥ skZvdm-Iƒ, ]≈n-°q-Zm-i, ]´w sImS-Iƒ F∂n-

h-bpsS KZy ]Zyßƒ Dƒs∏´ kºq¿ÆI-aw, aqtdm≥ IqZm-im-I-aw,

sskØp IqZm-im-I-aw XpS-ßn-bh At±-l-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

BWv. B≠-S-°-ap≈ Ip¿_m-\-bpsS lqtØm-Ωm-Iƒ kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬

cNn-®Xpw AXns‚ ae-bmf hnh¿Ø\w Xbm-dm-°n-bXpw At±lw

Xs∂. kpdn-bm-\nbn¬ \n∂v ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v tIm\m´v amØ≥

tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX kºq¿Æ ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-

Øns‚ `mjm ]cn-tim-[\ \n¿h-ln-®Xpw ]. HutK≥ _mhm Xs∂.


kXy-amb lqZmb Imt\ms‚ BZysØ ]Øv A≤ym-b-ßƒ

A\yq-\-ambn hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXv ]kn-≤o-I-cn® tIm\m v A_lmw

aev]m-s\bpw CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ kvacn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.- ivloam \a-kvIm-

c-ß-fnse ]e ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw Ip°n-en-tbm≥ sk‰p-I-fpw -Iq-Zmi Ia-

Øn-sebpw B≠p XIvkm-bn-sebpw GXm\pw Km\-ßfpw hnh¿Ø\w

sNbvXv kpdn-bm\n Io¿Ø-\-ame F∂ hnh¿Ø\KŸw Xbm-dm-°nb

Ip∂¶pfw ]\-°¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m-scbpw CØ-cp-W-Øn¬

Hm¿t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

Cu cwKØv ]h¿Øn® as‰mcp AXn-Im-b≥ \cn-a-‰-Øn¬ F≥.

sF. tbml-∂m≥ aev]m≥ (]n-ev°m-eØv bqlm-t\m≥ am¿ tkth-dn-

tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm) BWv. At±lw apJy-ambpw \a-kvIm-c-I-

a-ß-fpsS hnh¿Ø-\-Øn-emWv i≤n-®-Xv. henbt\mºn-sebpw lmim

BgvN-bn-sebpw KZy-hn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ At±lw BZyw Xbm-dm-°n (kq-

Ko-kmIƒ, aZvd-ivØmIƒ F∂nh Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cp-∂p). ]n∂oSv

Imt\m\m \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ (ip-_-tlm) KZy-hn-h¿Ø\w Xbm-dm°n.

HSp-hn¬ aq∂p t\mºns‚ kºq¿Æ KZy-hn-h¿Ø-\hpw Xbm-dm-°n.

kpdn-bm\n ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬ \n∂v X¬k-ab hnh¿Ø\w \S-Øn-bmWv

At±lw F√m Bcm-[-\-Ifpw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

1940 \v tijw ]. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS ImeØv

tIm´bw sshZnIskan-\m-cn-sb tIµo-I-cn®v it≤-b-amb Nne hnh¿-

Ø\ia-ßƒ \S-∂p. ^m. hn. sI. amXyqkv (]n-∂oSv ]. amXyqkv

]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en-°m_mhm) Bbn-cp∂p AXns‚ ][m\ kwLm-S-

I≥. IywXm-bpsS Ia-Øn\v ]pdta Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepw s]cp-∂m-fp-

I-fnepw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ _p[-\mgvN \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ Nne Rmb-

dmgvN Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿Øv …o_m \a-kvImcw F∂ Hcp

Iaw At±lw FUn‰p sNbvXp-≠m-°n. AXns‚ Km\m-hn-jv°mcw

hrØm-\p-hrØ KoX ]cn-`m-j-bmbn \n¿h-ln-®Xv shÆn-°pfw kn.

]n. Nm≠n- km¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. sshZnIskan-\mcn ]n≥kn-∏¬ Bbn-

cp∂ ]km-[-Is‚ t]c-W-bn¬ k` apgp-h≥ B Rmb-dm-gvNIaw

D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ h∂p. Ah-bpsS Bhn-jv°mc NmXpcn A¤p-X-I-c-

am-bn-cp-∂p.

Rmb-dmgvN \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ Hº-Xmw-a-Wn, k‘y-bpsS Gh≥tK-

en-tbm\p tij-ap≈ mK-ßƒ, kqØm-dm, ]mXn-cm-Xn, ]`m-X-Øns‚

Gh≥tK-en-tbm≥ Ign™p≈ `mK-ßƒ, aq∂mw aWn, Bdmw aWn

F∂o H´p-an° bma-ß-fn-sebpw Km\-ßƒ°v AXXv Znh-k-tØ°v

\n›-bn-°-s∏´ cmK -kw-hn-[m-\-ap-≠v. BsI-bp≈ F´v cmK-ß-fnepw


D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpwhn-[-amWv Ah-bpsS KoX-hn-h¿Ø-\-sa-∂Xv

A[n-I-am¿°pw Adn-bm-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. Nm≠n-km¿ hnh¿Ø\w

Xbm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v apºmbn Ah-bpsS cmK-ßƒ lrZn-ÿ-am-°pw.

sshZnIskan-\m-cn-bn¬ aev]m≥ F≥. sF. tbml-∂ms‚ F°m-d-

bn-ep≈ sshZKv≤yw Nm≠n-km-dns‚ klm-b-Øns\-Øn. cmKw

lrZnÿam-bm¬ KZy-hn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS Ah cNn® A⁄mXIhn-

bpsS ]Xn`mhnem-k-Øn-te°v Nm≠n- km¿ ]c-Imb]thiw km[n-

°pw. ]n∂oSv B A\p-K-loX Ihn-bpsS Xqen-I-bn-eqsS A\¿§fw

]h-ln-°p∂ Km\-ßƒ°v hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ]mcpjyw A\p-`-h-s∏-

Sp-I-bn-√. hnh¿Ø\w At±-l-Øn\v tIhew samgn-am-‰-am-bn-cp-∂n√,

Hcp k¿§hym]mcw Xs∂bmbn-cp-∂p. A¿∞hpw `mhhpw cmKhpw

Xmfhpw tNm¿∂p-t]m-hmsX kµ¿t`m-NnXambn ]Z-ßƒ e`n-°p-hm≥

At±-lw Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw A\p-`-hn-®n-´p≈ ]k-h-th-Z-\bpsS IY-

Iƒ At±-l-Øn¬ \n∂v t\cn´v tIƒ°p-hm≥ Cu teJ-I\v km[n-

®n-´p-≠v.

"shfnhp \nd-t™m-co-tim....' F∂v XpS-ßp∂ Km\-Øn¬ shfnhv

F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-amb Bh¿Ø\ kuµcyw

""\n¿Ω-eamw DZtc \n¿Ω-e-ambv

h∂p hkn-s®mcp \n¿Ωe\mw

BflPs\˛t]jn-∏n-®-h\mw

\n¿Ωe XmX≥ kwkvXpXy≥....'' F∂ Km\-Ønse "\n¿Ωew'

F∂ Xy£-cn-bpsS Bh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ kam-¥c-ambn ImWmsa∂v

A`n-am-\-]q¿hw At±lw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. cmK-t`-Z-ß-fn¬ hn\y-

kn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ bXn-`wKw hcm-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah-bn¬ Zo£n®

HuNnXyw ]iw-km-h-l-am-Wv. ]mZm-Zn-I-fnse A£-c-Zzbw A£-c-

Xbw F∂nh sXc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ AXm-e-]n-°p∂ cmKw Bh-iy-

s∏-Sp∂ bXn-Isf At±lw Ign-bp∂X ]cn-K-Wn-®n-cp-∂p. ""Gt\mt\m

\pltdm imcotdm'' F∂ cmK-Øns‚ BZy-J-fi-Øn\v kmam-t\y\

Bdp amX-Iƒ BWp-≈-Xv. Nm≠n-km-dns‚ Rmb-dmgvN ]`mX \a-

kvIm-c-Øn-se "Gt\mt\m \pl-tdm-bpsS' ZypXn-bp-Zbw F∂ BZy-

]m-Zm-cw`w apX¬ "Bizmkw kvXpXn-sbm-Sv...'' F∂p- h-sc-bp≈ Km\-

ß-fn¬ Cu Bdp- am-X-IfpsS \njvT i≤m-]q¿hw Zo£n-®n- p-≈-Xmbn

ImWmw. Cu Km\w F´v cmK-Ønte°pw A\m-bmkw HXp-°p-hm≥

Ign-bp-∂Xv Ah-bn¬ hnh¿Ø-I≥ Zo£n® Cu kwKoX a¿Ω-Øns‚

hnP-bsØ ]tLm-jn-°p-∂p.

Rmb-dmgvN \a-kvIm-c-tØm-sSm∏w Ip¿_m\ XIvk-mbn¬ ImWp-


∂ lqtØm-Ωm-Ifpw ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvNbpsS \a-kvIm-chpw Nm≠n-

km¿ Km\-h-ev°-cn-®p. Ah-bpsS A\-hZy kuµcyw k` k\n-jvI-

¿jw kzmK-Xw sNbvXp. ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bm-gvN-bpsS AXn-amX kpZo¿L-

ßfmb Bcm-[-\sb P\-ßƒ Bkz-Zn-bv°p-∂-Xns‚ Hcp ImcWw

Nm≠n km¿ B Km\amen-I-bn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n® PmK-X-bmWv. efnX

tImaf ]Zm-henIƒ sIm≠v timIm-fl-I-amb Hc-¥-co£w `mhp-I-

Øn¬ krjvSn°phm≥ ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN \a-kvImc-Øn-\p≈ ]mShw

kvXpXy¿l-am-Wv. `mthm-∑o-e\ ka¿∞-amb NSpe-]-Z-ßƒ At±-l-

Øns‚ \mhn≥Xp-ºn¬ Ft∏mgpw Zriy-am-Wv. `mhm-hn-jv°mc ]Sp-X-

tb-dnb ]Z-k-l-k-ßƒ Xs‚ \mhn¬\n∂v Al-anlan-Ibm ]hm-

l-Øn-\p-≤-ambn \nev°p∂p F∂v Al-¶mc tei-an-√msX ]d-bp∂

Xp≈¬°m-c≥ \ºym-cpsS kc-kzXo ISm£w Cu shÆn-°p-f-Øp-

Im-c-s\bpw A\p-K-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂p. aqe`m-j-bnse Ae-¶m-c-ßfpw [z\n-

Ifpw hmMva-b- Nn-X-ßfpsa√mw Hcp hnh¿Ø\-Øns‚ IrXn-aXzw

IqSmsX samgn-am‰w sNøp-hm≥ At±lw \S-Øp∂ A\m-bmk

b⁄w At\-I-Im-esØ Imthym-]m-k-\-tbbpw \mtZm-]m-k-\-tbbpw

shfns∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Hscm‰ Inbm-]-Z-Øn¬ Inb, I¿Øm-hv, enwKw, htN\w, Imew

F∂o A¿∞-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈n-°p-hm≥ Ign-hp≈ Bcy-`m-j-sb-t∏m-

se-bmWv kpdn-bm-\nbpw. hrØ-Øns‚ HXp-°hpw A¿∞-Øns‚

[z\ym-fl-I-Xbpw hmNwban-Xz-Øns‚ anXXzhpw Zo£n-°p-hm≥ Ihn-

Iƒ Cu mjm-kn≤n ]c-am-h[n ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-ØpI ]Xn-hmWv. ae-

bmf `mj-bn¬ Cu hI km≤y-X-Iƒ hfsc ]cn-an-X-am-Wv. X∑qew

]cn-`mj ]e-t∏mgpw ÿqehpw hmNyhpw BIm-dp-≠v. c≠pw Imhy-

ku-µ-cysØ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. tZh-hn-K-l-ßƒ°m-

h-iy-amb ]md-°-j-W-ßsf \mZhpw Xmfhpw ]cn-tim-[n-®mWv s]cp-

¥-®≥ sXc-s™-Sp-Øn-cp-∂-sX∂v tIń-´p-≠v. AXp-t]mse Znhym-cm-

[-\-Iƒ°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]Z-ß-fpsS sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ kn. ]n.

Nm≠n A\p-jvTn® Ah-[m-\-Xbpw X] pw At±-l-Øns‚ cN-\-Iƒ

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-cp-∂p-≠v.

ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bm-gvN-bnse Cu Km\w t\m°p-I:

Xm\-Sn-tb-‰t∏mƒ seKn-tbm≥ hnd- ]q≠p

kjvSm-hns\ [n°m-cn-Iƒ \nµn-®-Xn-\m¬

NndIp hnS¿Øm¿ Ah-s\-®p-Sp-hm≥

P\-ImwKyw ia-\-a-h¿t°In

Xncp-hp-f-ambv Zpjn-tb-‰m≥


Xo -]q-t≠m¿ ia-am¿∂p.

Cu hcn-Iƒ kwh-ln-°p∂ Ne-\m-fl-I-Xbpw \mS-Io-b-Xbpw A`n-

\-µ-\o-b-am-Wv. ]Zm¿∞ A`n-\b ][m-\-amb IY-Ifn cwKØv Cu

kwK-Xn-Iƒ A`n-\-bn®v Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-hm≥ at\m-[¿Ω-ß-fnte-

s°m∂pw t]mbn-s√-¶n¬t∏mepw aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ th≠n hcpw. A`n-\-

b-Øns‚ FX-sbX bqWn-‰p-Iƒ BWv Cu hcn-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-

∂-Xv!!

Xm≥ = ssZhw (Nne \n¿h-N-\-ßƒ- A-`n-\-b-Øn-eqsS Bhn-jv°-

cn-°mw. k¿h-i-‡≥, k¿∆-hym-]n, k¿h-⁄≥, Aßs\ A\¥

km[y-X-I-fp≈ Hcp ]Zw).

ASn-tb-‰-t∏mƒ = ]oUm\p`hØn\v apºv InkvXp \n¿h-ln® ipiq-

jm-cw-K-ßƒ, InkvXp-hn\v kΩm-\n® \nµ-Iƒ, Xnc-kvIm-c-ßƒ, ]l-

c-ßƒ, apSn, apSn[mc-Ww, HSp-hn¬ Iqin¬ Xd∏v F∂n-h-sbms°

hmNm-e-ambn A`n-\b-n-°mw.

seKn-tbm≥. Bcm-[-\-bpsS kwkvIm-c-ap≈ timXm-°ƒ°v amem-

J-am-cpsS Iaw F∂ A¿∞w Fgp-Øn¬°n-´pw. amem-J-am-cpsS

krjvSn, Ah-cpsS mKyw, ZuXy-\n¿h-l-W-Øns‚ Nne ]ikvX DZm-

l-c-W-ßƒ F∂nh A`n-\-bn-°mw.

hnd-]q-≠. hnd-bpsS hmNym-`n-\-b-am-Imw. Xß-fpsS hnIm-cm-thiw

]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm≥ A\p-hmZw e`n-°msX hnIm-cm-[nIyw \nb-¥n-t°-

≠-n h∂t∏mƒ D≈ hnd A`n-\-bn-°mw. \n -lm-bX kΩm-\n® ZpxJw

aqe-ap≈ hnd-bp-am-Imw. Cßs\ `mK-Øn\v B´-]-Im-c-sa-gp-Xn-bm¬

Ffp-∏-sam∂pw Xocp-I-bn-√. Ne-\m-fl-IX \nd-™p-\n-ev°p∂ \mS-

Io-b-X-bpsS Imcy-Ønepw B Km\w \¬Ip∂ lrZb Zho-I-cW

tijn A\p-]-a-am-Wv. Fs¥√mw Zriyß-fmWv timXm-hns‚ at\m

apIp-c-Øn¬ sXfn-bp-∂Xv!!

Xm≥ ASn-tb¬°p∂p

amem-J-am-cpsS hrµ-ßƒ tIm]-Xm-]m-Zn-I-fm¬ hnd-bv°p∂p.

krjvSn kjvSm-hns\ hnhn-[- X-c-Øn¬ \nµn°p∂p.

amem-J-Iƒ Ah-cpsS t\sc A·n-°-\-ep-Iƒ h¿jn-bv°p-hm≥

Hcpßp∂p.

]nXm-hmw ssZhw Ahsc hne-°p∂p.

kzbw hcn® ]oU-Iƒ Ft∂m¿Øv amem-J-am¿ AS-ßp-∂p.

tbip-hns‚ a\p-jy-h-Xmc hrØm¥IY apgp-h≥ Cu Km\mw-i-


Øn¬ A¥¿`-hn-®n-´p-≈Xv kq£vaZr°p-Iƒ°v Kln-°p-hm≥ ]bm-

k-an-√. aqe`m-j-bnse A⁄mXIhn km[n® NmcpXIsf -apgp-h≥

H∏n-sb-SpØv ae-bm-fn-bpsS a\- n-te°p Nm≠n-km¿ AbXv\efn-X-

ambn Hgp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

krjvSn-Isf apgp-h≥ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNbvX-Xp-sIm≠v Hcp acw

AXns‚ Bfl-]m-]-Øn-eqsS Bfl-\nµ ]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂Xv ImWpI:

sNm√p∂p acw ˛ IjvSw F\n-s°-¥p-f-hmbv

krjvSo-i-s\-sb≥ aosX lm! Ipcn-in-®m¿

ag as™,- ∂n-h-bm-e-h-s\s∂

t]m‰o, Øm\p-]-Imcw sNbvXp

ainlm X≥ ˛ Iqi-Icmw bqZ-∑msc IjvSw!

]pen-bpsS Bfl-I-Y "k¿°- n'¬ I≠-ºp≈n _me≥ cNn-®n-

´p≠v. B\-bpsS Bfl-IY sshtem-∏n≈n "klys‚ aI-\n'¬ cNn-

®n-´p-≠v. ac-Øns‚ Bfl-IY Cu Km\-Øn¬ h¿ÆnXambn-cn-°p-∂p.

aWn-°q-dp-I-tfmfw \ofp∂ ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvNbnse Bcm-[-\-Iƒ

kly-sa∂v amX-a-√, BkzmZyw Xs∂-bm-Ip-hm≥ k`m-I-hn-bpsS cN\

hen-sbm-c-f-hn¬ klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bpsS ]cn-`m-j-I-fn¬

Hcp hn-em]kzchpw tXßepw k¿h\w kv]¿in-bmbn ImWp-∂Xv

hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ angnhv ]kv]jvS-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. A¿∞-ßfpw mh-

ßfpw kwth-Z\w sNøp∂ efnX ]Z-ß-fn-eqsS Icp-Ø-cmb kmKcw

krjvSn-°p∂ ]mShw Ihnsb ISm-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ihWamX-

bn¬Øs∂ A¿∞-K-lWw kn≤n-°p∂ ]Z-ßsf tIm¿Øn-W-°p-

hm≥ hnh¿Ø-I≥ ]Z¿in-∏n® PmKX \sΩ A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

£]m¿∞ t_m[-\-£-a-X-bp≈ ]Z-]-tbm-K-ßƒ sIm≠v hnh¿Ø-

\-Øns‚ hnc-kX A]-Xy-£-am-Ip-∂-Xns‚ DZmlcW-ßƒ \nc-h-

[n-bm-Wv. sImØns\ Rmb-dm-gvN-bnse Cu Km\-Øns‚ hnh¿Ø\w

i≤n-bv°p-I:

ho™v hncp-∂n¬ Xo¿∂t∏mƒ ˛ hc-s\-bm-K-X-sc-√mcpw

\nµn-°p-∂Xv I≠msd I¿Øm-th‰w ZpxJn®p

kvt\lw aqew Iev]n®p ˛ sh≈sØ \¬ ho™m°n

Cu samgn-am‰w \S-Ønb ssien-sb-∏‰n Hcp A`n-ap-J-Øn¬ Ihn

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p: ""hn. sI. amXyq-k-®≥ ]Zy-sa√mw kpdn-

bm-\n-bn¬ sNm√n-t°ƒ∏n°pw. B ka-bØv Rm≥ AXns‚ Nne

Imcy-ßƒ t\m´v sNøpw. FX \of-ap≠v? FX A£-c-ap≠v? F∂n-

h-sb√mw. Fhn-sS-sb√mw AXv hogW-sa∂v ]Ya ih-W-Øn¬ Xs∂


F\n°p a\- n-em-Ipw. AsX√mw t\m°n-bm-sW-gp-Xp-∂-Xv. At±lw

]m´p-I-fpsS KZy-hn-h¿Ø-\-amWv Xcp-∂-Xv. kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ ]mSn-bn´v

AXns‚ KZyw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]d™p Xcpw. B ae-bmf KZy-Øn¬

\n∂v AtX kpdn-bm\n cmK-Øn¬Øs∂ Rm\Xv ae-bmf Km\-ambn

cNn-°pw. Bcm-[\m Km\-ßƒ BZy-ambn X¿÷a sNbvXXv Ip¿∫m\

]m´p-I-fm-Wv. A∂v IpńIƒ (ssh-ZnI hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ) ]Tn-®p-sIm-

≠n-cp-∂Xv Fw. Un. (skan-\mcn) bn-em-Wv. h -°p-t∂¬ A®\v eoj¿

D≈ kabw t\m°n Rm≥ sN√pw. Xmakw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬

Bbn-cp-∂p. D®-bq-Wp Ign™v ]´-W-Øn¬°qSn Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ sN√pw. At±lw Hmtcm Znh-khpw Hmtcm tSm∏nIv Xcpw. AXv

Fgp-Xn-s°m≠v ]nt‰-Znhkw sN√pw. At±lw sNm√n t\m°pw.

AXn\ptijw ^b¬ sNøpw. ]ns∂ ]pXn-bXv Xcpw. Aßs\

GXm≠v Bdp-amkw sIm≠v Ip¿∫m\ ]m´p-Iƒ Xo¿Øp. Ip¿∫m-\-

Iaw Gsd-°mew A®Sn-°msX h®n-cp-∂p.''

kpdn-bm\n`mj A`y-kn-®Xv HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv saXm-

t∏m-eo-Øm-bn¬ \n∂m-Wv. ae-bm-fw, lnµn, Cw•o-jv, kwkvIr-Xw,

Xangv F∂o `mj-Iƒ kz]-cn-iaw sIm≠v hi-Øm-°n. `mjm-]-cn-

Nbw Km\-hn-h¿Ø-\sØ Gsd klm-bn-®p. a´-bv°¬ aev]m-\-®s‚

Zuln-X≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ _mey-Imew apXevt° kpdn-bm\n `mj-

bp-sSbpw Bcm-[-\-bp-sSbpw kwkv°mcw hmk\w cqt]W Ihn-bn¬

]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. B Ign-hp-Isf ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n A[n-

I-amcpw ian-®n-√. hn. sI. amXyqkv A®≥, sI. ôen-t∏mkv A®≥

(tUm. tXtbm-^ntemkv), tIm\m´v G_lmw aev]m≥, bqlm-t\m≥

am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv F∂n-h¿ Aev]-sa-¶nepw Imcy-Øn¬ t]m’m-

l\w \¬In (alm-∑m¿ acn-°p-tºmƒ Ct±lsØ k`bpw kaq-lhpw

th≠X ]-tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn√ F∂Xv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS

Nca]kw-K-Øns‚ Hcp A\nhm-cy-amb Jfin-I-bmbn amdn-bn-´p-≠v.

ac-W-th-f-I-fn¬ amXw Hm¿°m-\p≈ Hcp D]-Nmc JfinI!!).

kn. ]n. Nm≠n _p[-\m-gvN \a-kvImcw hnh¿Ø\w sNøp-∂-Xn\v

apºv IWn-bm-º-d-ºn¬ Ipcn-b≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m Hcp Km\ hnh¿-

Ø\w Xøm-dm-°n-bn- p-≠v. k`m -hn- -P-\sØ XpS¿∂v ]mXn-b¿°okv

hn`mKw B hnh¿Ø-\-Øn\v Hcp I£nbpsS HutZym-KnI ]cn-thjw

\¬Ip-hm≥ ian-s®-¶nepw I£n-hy-Xymkw IqSmsX Bfp-Iƒ

kzmKXw sNbvXXv k`m-I-hn-bpsS hnh¿Ø-\-amWv. ae-¶ck` amX-

a-√, doØp-Imcpw sXmgn-bq¿ k`-°mcpw \ho-I-cW hn`mK-°mcpw

Nm≠n-km-dns‚ cN-\-Iƒ C∂pw D]tbmKn°p-∂p.


]. HutK≥ _mhm, B≠-S-°-ap≈ lqtØmΩm Km\ßƒ cNn-

°p-∂-Xn\v apºp apXte XIvkm-bnse lqtØm-Ωm-bpsS hnh¿Ø-\-

ßƒ k`m-Ihn cNn-®n-cp-∂p. _lp-»Xw sshZn-I¿ C∂pw B lqtØm-

tΩmioep-I-fmWv Be-]n-°p-∂-Xv. AX-ta¬ lrZ-b-mh¿-÷-IamWv

Ah-bpsS cN-\.

"\n¿≤-\bmam hn[-h-bpsS

Nn√n-°m-in\v Xpey-a-Xmbv

\n≥ Xncp-k-`-bpsS kpX-cn¬ \n˛

∂n¥n-cp-_-ensb ssIs°mƒI' F∂ hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ am[pcyw

]finX ]mac t`Z-sat\y Gh-scbpw ‡n-km-µ-Xbn-te°v \bn-°p-

hm≥ ka¿∞-am-Wv.

kpdn-bm\nk`-bnse icm-icn Bcm-[-I≥ Kmao-W-\m-Wv. hnZym-

`ymk tbmKy-X-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Ah¿ shdpw CS-Ø-c-°m¿ amX-

amWv. Ah-cpsS ]Z-tImi ]cn-an-Xnbv°\ptbmPy-amb ]Z-ßsf sXc-

s™-SpØv hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ em-fnXyw \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ At±-l-

Øn\v Ign-™n- p-≠v. hnhm-l-ip-iq-j-bnse Hcp ]kn≤ Km\w i≤n-

bv°p-I:

"]Xn-h-Xbmw ˛ ]cn-]m-h\k`sb

hmt\m≥ Im¥≥ ˛ ths´mcp t\cw

......................................................................

-`sb ˛ \nßƒ ˛ kwc-£n ˛ -∏n≥.'

CXn¬ ]Xn-hX F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ÿm\-Øp-]-tbm-Kn® kpdn-bm\n

]Zw "avsslaƒtXm' F∂m-Wv. Cu ]Z-Øn\v hnizm-kn\n F∂

A¿∞w Is≠-Øn-bm¬ aXn. hnhml ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ hniz-kvX

F∂ A¿∞w kap-Nn-X-am-Wv. AXpw hn´v ]mXn-hXyw F∂ A¿∞-

Øn-tebv°v B ]ZsØ hnI-kn-∏n-bv°p-hm≥ Ihnsb ss[cy-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bXv kvXo]p-cpj k¶-ev]-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ k`m-Z¿i-\-Øns‚

]›m-Ø-e-am-Wv. shdpw ]Zm-\p-]Z hnh¿Ø-\-a√ k`m-I-hn-bpsS

ssien F∂pw AXv ]e-t∏mgpw kµ¿`m\pKpW-amb A¿∞-ssh-Nn-

X-ß-fn-tebv°v A\phm-N-Is\ Db¿Øp∂ kzmX¥yw kzoI-cn-°p-

∂p-sh∂pw ImWn-°p-hm-\mWv Cu ]Zw D≤-cn-®-Xv.

"\n∂-[-c-ßƒ a[p h¿jn-°p∂p

hk\ kpK‘w ˛ \okm≥Ipkp-a-kaw' F∂o hcn-Iƒ Im\\

A\p-]mk am[pcyw Hcp hnh¿Ø-I-t\-°mƒ D]cn klr-Zb-\mb

Hcp Ihn-bpsS ]mfin-Xy-amWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.


acWw aqew Xß-tfm-Sp≈ kPoh kwk¿§-_‘w A‰p-t]mb

]nb-s∏-´-h\v Npw_\w \¬In bmX ]d-bp-tºmƒ ]mSp∂ Km\w

ae-bm-fn-bpsS Np≠n¬ \n∂v am-bp-I-bn-√:

""h’-etc Zqc-˛-sØ-¥n\v \nev°ps∂˛

∂cn-In¬ hcn≥ t«mtΩm Xcp-hn≥ ]m¿∞n-®n-Sp-hn≥

k¶S Io¿Ø-\-sa≥ t]¿°mbv ]mSn-Sp-hn≥

arXn, ]mXmf Ihm-S-Øn¬ _‘n-s®-s\...''

arXicocw hoń¬\n∂v ]pd-tØ-bvs°-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv Cu Km\w

sNm√n bmXm-\p-aXn \¬Ip-hm≥ Ah-kcw D≠m-°p-∂Xv Ah-k-tcm-

Nn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]pip_in-temtΩm sNm√n sshZn-Isc bmX-bm-°p-

∂-Xn\v kam-¥-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°mhp-∂-XmWv Cu Km\w.

kn. ]n. Nm≠n kmdns‚ AXn-hn-kvXr-Xhpw ]mc-hmcIev]-hp-amb

Km\-hn-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ÿmeo-]p-em-I -\ym-tb\ GXm\pw DZm-

lc-W-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-s®-t∂-bp-≈q.- ho-W-°-ºn-bpsS apg-°-ap≈

kmµ-[z\n Hmtcm cN-\-bnepw Zriy-am-Wv.

G‰hpw HSp-hn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ tkh\w k`bv°p e`n-®Xv ]cp-

ae skan-\m-cn-bn¬ bqlm-t\m≥ am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv tcmKn-bmbn

hni-an-°p-tºm-gm-Wv. ]≈n-°q-Zm-i-bp-sSbpw ]´w-sIm-S-bp-sSbpw

hnh¿Ø\w HutK≥_mhm Xbm-dm-°n-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw AXv IqSp-X¬

efn-Xhpw lrZy-hp-am-°m≥ injy-∑m¿ bXv\n-®p. At±-l-Øn-s‚ -ta¬

t\m´-Øn¬ Nm≠n-km¿ Ah-bpsS Km\hnh¿Ø-\-ßƒ Xbm-dm-°n.

Bbn-c-Øn-sØm-≈m-bn-cØn F¨]-Xp-I-fn¬ ]K-ev`-cmb A©v

taev]-´-°m¿ ]´-ta-‰p. A©p-t]cpw ]. kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ \n¿t±-i-

]Imcw ]cp-a-e-bn¬ Xma-kn®v am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-

Øm-bn¬ \n∂v ]≈n-I-a-ßƒ A`y-kn-®p. shÆn-°pfw ]≈n-bpsS

IqZm-i-bn¬ \nbp‡ saXm-∑msc ]s¶-Sp-∏n®v ]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-

e\w \¬In. Ah-cn¬ ]am-Wn-bmb Hcm-ƒ Nm≠n-km¿, am¿ tkthdn-

tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn¬ Xbm-dm-°nb ]≈n-

°q-Zm-i-bp-sSbpw ]´wsImSbp-sSbpw Km\-hn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ kºq¿Æ-

cq]w ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂ Dd-∏n-t∑¬ ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øn. 1990-

˛¬ am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv Ime-[¿Ωw ]m]n-®p. Nm≠n- km-dn-s‚bpw

am¿ tkth-dn-tbm-kns‚bpw A≤zm-\-ßƒ AtXmsS A]-Xy-£-ambn.

GsX-¶nepw Ac-a-\-I-fnse Ccpńte-°-¥¿[m\w sNbvX KŸ-

ßfpsS Iq´-Øn¬ Ah NnX-ep-I-tfmSv a√-Sn-°p-∂p-≠m-Imw.

(km-K-c-k-am-\-amb s]¶okm hnh¿Ø-\-ßƒ Ct∏mgpw ae-bm-


fnbv°v _men-tI-dm-a-e-bm-Wv. Nm≠n-km-dns‚ tkh\w ]tbm-P-\-s∏-

Sp-Øn-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ B ]m¿∞-\m-I-a-ßfpw Ah-bn-eqsS k`m]nXm-

°-∑m¿ cNn® ssZh-im-kvX-c-N-\-Ifpw \ap°p e`n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

AsXm∂pw Bcpw i≤n-®n-√. Ct∏mƒ t]mepw s]¶okm \a-kvIm-c-

Øns‚ KZy-hn-h¿Ø-\-sa-¶nepw Xbm-dm-°p-hm≥ k`-bpsS ]kn-≤o-

I-cW hIp∏v Aß-s\-sbm∂ps≠-¶n¬ i≤n-®m¬ \∂m-bn-cp∂p.

aq∂mw-InS \ne-hm-c-ap≈ Nne-cpsS IrXn-Iƒ A®-Sn-°m≥ iaw \n¿-

Øn-h®v k`-bpsS ¢m n-°p-Iƒ hnh¿Ø\w sNøp-hm-\p≈ DZy-a-

ßƒ°v B hIp∏v i≤ Xncn-s®-¶n¬ Ah¿ A\p-tam-Z-\m¿l-am-Ip-

am-bn-cp∂p). B‰n¬ If-™mepw Af∂p IfbWw F∂ ]amWw

\mw Ah-K-Wn-bv°p-I-bt√? kpdn-bm\n cN-\-Isf ]p—n-°p-hm\pw

\njvIm-k\w sNøp-hm\pw Bh-iy-Øn-tesd shº¬ ImWn-bv°p∂

]am-Wn-Iƒ kpdn-bm\nbnep≈ cN-\-Iƒ hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXv ˛

Af∂v ˛ Ahsb Dt]-£n-s®-¶n¬ F∂v Bflm¿∞-ambn BK-ln-

bv°p∂h¿ k`-bn¬ At\-I¿ D≠v. \ΩpsS B¿ss°hvkv Npa-X-e-

°m¿°v F∂m-Wmthm CXn-\m-h-iy-amb Inbm-ssh-`hw D≠m-Ip-I?

kn. ]n. Nm≠n kmdn-t\mSv \mw sNbvX Hcp Ir-X-Lv\X-bpsS Imcyw

kqNn-∏n-°m-sX Cu teJ\w ]q¿Æ-am-hp-I-bn-√. \ΩpsS Bcm[\mI-

a-ß-fpsS \mZhpw Bflmhpw Nm≠n kmdns‚ Zm\-am-sW-¶nepw Ah-

sbm∂pw ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ \ΩpsS ]kn-≤o-I-cW

Npa-X-e-°m¿ ian-®p-Im-Wp-∂n-√. Ia-ß-fpsS BZy-]-Xn-∏p-I-fn¬ Km\-

c-N-bn-Xm-hmbn Nm≠n-km-dns‚ t]¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw

]nev°me ]Xn-∏p-I-fn¬ ]e-Xnepw t]¿ Xo¿Øpw Ah-K-Wn-bv°-s∏-

ń-cn-°p-∂p. ipiq-jm-I-a-ß-fn¬ Assh-Zn-I-\mb Hcm-fns‚ t]¿ A®-

Sn-°p-∂Xv Hcp t]mcm-bva-bmbn ]nev°me sl¿°p-eokpam¿°v ˛

AhcpsS Xe-bn-em-Wt√m k`mtKmf-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ mchpw tXm∂n-

bn-´p-≠m-I-Ww. Nm≠n-bpsS tkh-\-ßsf Io¿Øn-°p∂ alm-c-Y-

∑mcpw Cu Imcy-Øn¬ At±-l-tØmSv \oXn-]p-e¿Øp-hm≥ ian-°m-

ØXv ZpxJ-Icw Xs∂. C\n ]kn-≤o-I-cn-bv°p∂ F√m ]Xn-∏p-I-

fnepw ipiq-jm-I-a-ßƒ hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX-h-cpsS t]¿ tcJ-s∏Sp-

Øp-∂Xv Ncn-X-]-c-amb Hcp _m[y-X-bmbn ]kn-≤o-I-c-W- Np-a-X-e-

°m¿ AwKo-I-cn-°-Ww.

kphn-tijtbmK-ß-fn¬ ]mSp∂ ]e Km\-ß-fp-sSbpw cN-bn-Xm-

hns\ \ap-°-dn™p IqSm. ]m´p-]p-kvX-I-ß-fn¬ cN-bn-Xm-hns‚ t]¿

tN¿°m-Xn-cn-°p∂Xn\m-emWo \jvSw kw`-hn-®-Xv. Bcm-[\mKoX-

ßƒ°v Cu A\m-YXzw h∂p-Iq-Sm. ]n≥X-e-ap-d-bpsS ImeØpw Cu


Km\-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h¿ Nm≠n kmdns\ Hm¿°-Ww.- A-t±-lsØ

hmgvØn-∏p-I-gvØp-hm≥ thZn tXSp-∂-h¿ BZyw Cu hgn-bv°mWv

]h¿Øn-bvt°-≠-sX∂v amXw Nq≠n-°m-Wn®psIm≈-s´.

kpdn-bm\n kwKo-X-tØm-Sp≈ B`n-apJyw A[n-IrXÿm\-ß-fn¬

AkvX-an-®p-sImt-≠bn-cn-bv°p∂ Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ k`m-I-hnsb

Xa-kvI-cn-°p-hm≥ ian-®p-sh-∂Xv kzm`m-hnIw Xs∂.- k-`-bpsS

kwKoX Ie-bpsS A\¥-km-[y-X-Iƒ \ntXy\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥

Adn-bmØ Bcpw A≤y£ ÿm\-ß-fn-te°v ]th-in-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cp-

∂n-√. Bcm-[-\-Iƒ°v t\XrXzw sImSp-°p-hm≥ "F°m-d'-bn¬ sshZ-

Kv≤yw t\Sn-b-h¿ Bbn-cp-∂p ASpØ Imew hsc. B Xe-apd Ct∏mƒ

A\yw \n∂p-t]m-bn. Bcm-[\m kwKo-XsØ an\n-a-Øn-te°v shń-

®p-cp-°p-hm≥ hgn-I-f-t\z-jn-bv°p-∂-h-cpsS FÆw t\Xr-\n-c-bn¬

h¿≤n-bv°p-∂p. XßfpsS A⁄X ad-®p-h-bv°p-hm≥ Ah¿ Db¿-

Øp∂ apZm-hmIyw kpdn-bm\n kwkvIm-csØ Ad-_n-°-S-en¬ ap°n-

s°m-√pI F∂m-Wv. êtam? \ΩpsS Bcm-[\m cwKw ipjvIhpw

\mY-\n-√m-°-f-cnbpw Bbn-cn-°p-∂p. k`m-I-hn-bpsS X]kpw F°m-d-

bnse anIhpw \ap-°m-h-iy-an-√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Nm≠n-km-dns‚

hnh¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ F°m-d-bpsS kapZw ssI°p-S-∂-bn-se-∂-t]mse

AS-°nbpw HXp-°nbpw hbv°m-\m-Ipw. F°m-d-bpsS AeIpw ]nSnbpw

ssIh-i-an-√mØ \ho\ Xe-ap-dbv°v AXv A\m-h-iy-`m-c-ambn A\p-

-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw Ah¿ A\y-amb cmK-ßsf ]I¿Øp-hm≥

ian-°p-∂-Xv.

\ΩpsS kt≠kvIqƒ Ipń-I-fpsS kl-]mTy a’-c-ß-fnse Bcm-

[\mKoX-ßƒ \ΩpsS kwkvIm-c-Øn¬ \n∂v hgn-am-dn-t∏m-Ip∂ ]h-

WX ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn°p-∂Xv Bcpw i≤n-bv°p-∂n-√. k -bpsS \n¿±njvS

cmK-ß-fn¬ amXta Bem-]\w A\p-h-

Znbv°q F∂ \njvT A[n-Ir-X-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬

\n∂p-≠mtb aXn-bm-hq. F°md ]cn-io-en-°p-

hm\pw ]cn-io-en-®Xv ]tbm-Kn-°p-hm\pw Ah-

kcw D≠m-Ip-hm≥ t_m[-]q¿∆-amb iaw

D≠m-hWw. CS-h-I-I-fnse sIm®p sIm®p

Kmb-I-kw-L-ßƒ˛ktam-t\-∑m¿˛k`-bpsS

A[n-IrX kwKoXw ]cn-io-en®v Bcm-[\

\bn-°p∂ B kph¿Æ-Imew hncn-bn-s®-Sp-

°p-hm≥ kn. ]n. Nm≠nkm¿ F∂ alm-I-hn-

bpsS kvacW \ap°v ]tNm-Z\w \¬Is´.

˛ ^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥


5\ΩpsS Bcm[\mNcnXw

H‰ t\m´Øn¬

ae¶ck`bpsS BZyIme Bcm[\ kw_‘n® NcnXw kphy-

‡as√¶nepw ]≠p apX¬ ]pcmX\ coXnbnep≈ Bcm[\Iaw

ChnsS \nehnencp∂p F∂p≈Xn\p c≠p ]£an√. kpdnbm\nbnepw

a‰pap≈ Bcm[\ k`mwKßƒ°p a\ nembncp∂n√ F∂Xpw Hcp

hkvXpXbmWv. At∏mkvtXmenI ]n¥pS¿®bp≈ ae¶ck` GsX-

¶nepw Hcp hntZik`bpsS ta¬t°mbvabpsS Iogn¬ t\csØ h∂n-

cp∂Xn\m¬ ssZhimkvX]chpw k`mimkvX]chpw Bcm[\m

]chpw Bb ]mcºcyßƒ \ne\n¿Øn h∂p F∂mWp NcnXw

km£n°p∂Xv.

ae¶ck`bpsS Bcm[\ kw_‘n® ]pkvXIßƒ 1599˛se

DZbtºcq¿ kp∂ltZmkn¬ h®v B¿®v _nj∏v sat\knkv A·n-

°ncbm°n F∂Xp NcnX kXyamIbm¬ enJnXßfmb Bcm[\-

Iƒ \nehnencp∂p F∂p hy‡amWt√m. F∂m¬ At±lw NcnX

KŸßƒ IØn®p If™p F∂ ]cma¿iw icnbmIm\nSbn√.

ImcWw, A∂p k`mNcnX KŸßƒ cNn®ncp∂n√. Bcm[\m

]pkvXIßƒ A·n°ncbm°n F∂ hkvXpXtbmsSm∏w NcnX]p-

kvXIßfpw IØn®p F∂p ]dbp∂Xn\p NcnXØns‚ ]n≥_e-

an√.

AtXkabw kmaqlnI ˛ cmjvSob ˛ kmºØnI cwKßfn¬

kpdnbm\n InkvXym\nIƒ mcXob Np‰p]mSn¬ Bbncp∂p F¶nepw

k`m]cambn Ah¿°v Hcp tZiob kz`mhtam hy‡nXztam krjvSn-

°m≥ km[n®n√ F∂ kXyw C∂pw \ntj[n°m\mhn√. X∂nanØw

\q‰m≠pIƒ°p tijhpw kz¥amb Bcm[\bpw a‰pw C\nbpw

th≠hn[Øn¬ cq]wsIm≠nń√. Imt\ms‚ ImcyØnepw ÿnXn

hn`n∂a√. ae¶ck`bv°v kz¥amb Hcp Imt\m≥ C√. ]Xnaq∂mw

\q‰m≠n¬ t]¿jybnse k`bv°pth≠n _m¿ F_mb cNn®Xpw

\ap°p A]k‡hpamb lqZmb Imt\ms\bmWp Ct∏mgpw ae¶-

ck` Nne k`mImcyßƒ°p th≠n e÷ IqSmsX A\pIcn°p-

∂Xv. ]mfinXyap≈hcpsS Ipdhp sIm≠√ Cßs\ kw`hn°p∂Xv.

A[nImcØn\pw tIkn\pw sIkvt]mbn°pw th≠n HmSn\S°p∂

B¿°pw Xs∂ k`bpsS ASnÿm\]camb B≤ymflnI Bhiy-


ßƒ \ndth‰m≥ kmhImitam kabtam C√. k`bpsS ASnÿm\

hnizmkmNmcßsf∏‰n B[nImcnIamb AKm[⁄m\ap≈htcm

ssZhimkvXØns‚ Bgßfn¬ apßpItbm sNbvXn´p≈ taev]-

´°mcpsSbpw ssZhimkvX⁄∑mcpsSbpw Ipdhp sIm≠mWn]-

Imcw kw`hn°p∂sX∂p ka¿∞n°m≥ henb hmZapJßƒ H∂pw

D∂bnt°≠ Bhiyan√. Btcm hc® hcbneqsS an°hcpw Ncn-

°p∂p F∂p amXw. AXpsIm≠mWp BtKmfXeØn¬ Db¿∂p

\n¬°Ø° ta[mi‡nbp≈ Hcmsf¶nepw k`bn¬ C\nbpw P\n-

t°≠nbncn°p∂p F∂p ]ecpw A`n]mbs∏Sp∂Xv. \√ KZytam,

IhnXtbm cNn°mt\m, hmbn°mt\m, BkzZn°mt\m, ]kwKn-

°mt\m Ignhp≈h¿ C∂p Xptemw Npcp°amWv. XmcXay aX]T\

kw_‘amb ]pkvXIßtfm hnhn[ ssIkvXh kÌfnse ssZh-

imkvX⁄∑mcpsS AXym[p\nI ]Kev` KŸßtfm k`mNcnX-

tam ]pWyPohnXw \bn®hcpsS PohNcnXtam ImWmt\m ]Tn-

°mt\m hmßn hmbn°Wsa∂p hnizmknItfmSp ]dbmt\m hmbn-

°mØ Nne taev]´°m¿t°m skan\mcn Ãm^wKßfn¬ ]e¿-

°ptam km[n°p∂n√. XncameIƒ t]msebp≈ XocmØ kzoIcW

k©mc ]cn]mSnIfpw in£WclnXamb `cWkwhn[m\ßfpw

Igºn√mØ "Pmw_hm≥Ime' ]kwKßfpw AhcpsS PohnXIme-

Øns‚ ssZ¿Lyw Ipdbv°pIbmWv. X∂nanØw bphtemIØn\p

k`mPohnXtØmSv Hcfhn¬ hnckX Xs∂ D≠mImdp≠v.

Hcp \q‰m≠n\p apºv "Bcm[\ kz`mjbn¬' F∂ e£ytØmsS

]h¿Øn® Nne taev]´°mtct∏mepw \ncp’mls∏SpØnb NcnX-

amWv ae¶ck`bv°p≈Xv. kpdnbm\nbn¬ Ipsd sNm√nbmte Bcm-

[\bv°p \ndhpw kpK‘hpw D≠mIq F∂p IcpXp∂ Ipsd ]´°m¿

C∂pw ae¶ck`bn¬ Ipdh√. kpdnbm\nbn¬ IØn°bdp∂

CØcw Bcm[\bn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂h¿ aqIkn\nam ImWp∂hsc-

t∏msebmbncn°pw. Bcm[\bn¬ ]s¶Sp°pI, Bcm[IcpsS Bflm-

°sf Nen∏n°m\pw, ssZhnINn¥bn¬ Ahsc Ba·cm°m\pw, arX-

`mjbmb kpdnbm\nbnep≈ ]m¿∞\Iƒ ]e \ndßfn¬ ]mSn-

bmepw XnI®pw A]cym]vXamsW∂p FSpØp ]dtb≠Xn√.

Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠ns‚ BZy ZiIßfn¬ ]pWykvacWm¿l\mb

h´t»cn¬ KohdpKokv aev]m\pw tIm\m´p amØ≥ aev]m\pw tN¿∂p

kpdnbm\nbn¬ \n∂p X¿÷a sNbvXXpw alm\mb I≠Øn¬ hdp-

Kokv am∏nfbpw kmlnXyIpie\mb sIm´mcØn¬ i¶pÆnbpw Km\-

ßƒ cNn®Xpamb IywXm\akvImcw Ip¿∫m\Iaw F∂nhbmWp


A∂p apX¬ kpdnbm\n InkvXym\nIƒ apJyambn D]tbmKn®p

h∂Xv. C∂pw Ah D]tbmKn°p∂p≠v. F∂m¬ AtXmsSm∏w

…o_m \akv°mchpw IqSn tN¿ØmWv C∂p \mw D]tbmKn°p∂

Ip¿∫m\Iaw 1949˛¬ h´°pt∂¬ hn. sI. amXyqkv A®≥ (]n∂oSv

amXyqkv ]Ya≥ _mh) ]kn≤oIcn®Xv. CXn¬ tN¿Øncn°p∂

Km\ßƒ F√mw Xs∂ cNn®Xv Ihn I¿ΩIpie\mb k`mIhn

kn. ]n. Nm≠nbmWv.

Cu AhkcØn¬ almIhn h≈tØmƒ \mcmbWtat\m≥

kpdnbm\n InkvXym\nIfpsS Bcm[\sb X¿÷abneqsS kmcambn

kv]¿in°pIbpw "aKvZe\ adnbw' JfiImhyØneqsS ]tcm£ambn

Hcp kphntij]h¿Ø\w \SØpIbpw sNbvX Imcyw an° kpdn-

bm\n InkvXym\nIƒ°pw C∂pw A⁄mXamIbm¬ AXp IqSn

ChnsS BteJ\w sNøp∂Xv A]k‡sa∂p Nne¿ Nn¥n®mepw

XnI®pw kmµ¿`nIamsW∂p tXm∂p∂p. CXp kw_‘n®p kmln-

XyImc\pw "Bflt]mjnWn' amknIbpsS ]Xm[n]cpw Bbncp∂

Ip∂wIpfw ]pent°mń¬ tPmk v dºm≥ sNbvX tkh\w, At±lw

]n∂oSv Hcp ]tXyI Np‰p]mSn¬ ae¶ck` hn´p doØn¬ tN¿∂p

F¶nepw hnkvacn°m≥ km[ya√.

almIhn h≈tØmƒ \ΩpsS Hcp ]m¿∞\mKŸØns‚ ]cn-

`mj \n¿hln® Imcyw At±lØns‚ PohNcnXØntem IrXnIfp-

sS ]ńIbntem ]cma¿in®nń√. ]oUm\p`h BgvNbnse ]pantbm≥,

"aKvZe\ adnbw' F∂o KŸßƒ cNn°m≥ h≈tØmfns\ ][m-

\ambpw t]cn∏n®Xv tPmk^v siΩmi\mWv (]n∂oSv dºm≥). h≈-

tØmƒ C°mebfhn¬ siΩmis‚ "Bflt]mjnWn' amknIbpsS

]Xm[n]cpw Bbncp∂p. "aKvZe\ adnbw' F∂ kpµchpw AXnhnin-

jvShpamb JfiImhyw FgpXnbn´v 86 h¿jambn. AXns‚ BZy

]Xn∏v 1921˛¬ Ip∂wIpfw G. B¿. ]n. ] n¬ \n∂pw ]pent°mń¬

tPmk^v siΩmi\mWp ]kn≤s∏SpØnbXv.

"aKvZe\ adnbw' F∂ JfiImhyw cNn®tijw AXn\v ""Hcp

tXhnSn»nbpsS ]›mØm]w'' F∂ t]cmWp h≈tØmƒ sImSp-

ØXv. ]m]w Dt]£n®p ]d™p \h PohnXkcWnbn¬ FØnb

B \mcoaWnsb ssIkvXhtemIw apgph≥ Hcp ]pWyhXnbmbn

IcpXp∂Xn\m¬ ""tXhnSn»n'' ]tbmKØn¬ HuNnXytZmjaps≠-

∂pw "aKvZe\ adnbw' F∂ t]cp Xs∂bmWp KŸ\maambn kzoIcn-

t°≠sX∂pw ]pkvXIØns‚ AhXmcnImImc\pw kmlnXyIpt_-

c\pamb NnXsagpØp sI. Fw. hdpKokv \n¿t±in®Xp h≈tØmfpw,


tPmk^v siΩmi\pw Hcpt]mse kzoIcn®t∏mƒ "aKvZe\ adnbw'

F∂ ip≤naXnbmb kpctemI kpµcn C∂pw cmtIµp afieØns‚

]XnOµw IWs° \ΩpsS Iäpºn¬ \nesIm≈pIbmWv.

butk^v dºm®≥, siΩmi\mbncp∂ ImeØp "IYmamenI'

Fs∂mcp sNdpIYm amknIbpw, "Bflt]mjnWn' Fs∂mcp kmln-

XyamknIbpw \SØnbncp∂p. "IYmamenI'bpsS ]Xm[n]¿ siΩm-

i\pw Bflt]mjnWnbpsS ]Xm[n]¿ XncphnXmwIqdn¬ \n∂p \mSp-

ISØs∏´ kztZim`nam\n sI. cmaIrjvW]n≈bpambncp∂p. Ab¬

kwÿm\Øp \n∂p \mSpISØs∏´ Hcp XohhmZnsb sIm®n

kwÿm\Øv Hcp ]Xm[n]cmbn h®psIm≠ncn°p∂Xns\∏‰n

sIm®nbnsebpw XncphnXmwIqdnsebpw D∂X ÿm\ßfn¬ FXnc`n-

]mbap≠mbn. BbnSbv°v _n. IeymWnAΩbv°p ]me°m´p

XchØv AΩmfp AΩbpsS ]cniaw aqew A≤ym]nIbmbn DtZymKw

e`n°bm¬ cmaIrjvW]n≈ Bflt]mjnWnbpsS ]Xm[n]Xyap-

t]£n®v ae_mdntebv°p t]mbn. XØpey\mb Hcp ]Xm[n]sc

siΩmi≥ At\zjn®psIm≠ncn°thbmWv h≈tØmfns\ e`n-

°phm\nSbmbXv. AXpw bmZr—nIambn´mbncp∂p.

h≈tØmƒ A∂p Xr»q¿ \n∂p ]pds∏ńcp∂ "tIctfmZbw'

amknIbpsS ]Xm[n]cmbncp∂p. almIhn ]≈Øpcmas‚ A—-

\mbncp∂p tIctfmZbØns‚ DSaÿ≥. almIhn Ipamc\mims‚

"eoe'sb \JinJm¥w hna¿in®psIm≠v, almIhn h≈tØmƒ Hcp

\ncq]Ww tIctfmZbØn¬ ]kn≤s∏SpØn. CXv B amknIbpsS

DSaÿs\ AXr]vX\m°n. AtXØpS¿∂p h≈tØmƒ tIctfmZ-

bhpambp≈ _‘w Dt]£n®v Ip∂¶pftØ°p Xmakw am‰n. B

kµ¿`w siΩmi≥ icn°pw D]tbmKs∏SpØn, Bflt]mjnWnbpsS

]Xm[n]cmbn h≈tØmfns\ \nban®p. A∂sØ \nebv°v \s√mcp

apZWmebambncp∂ G. B¿. ]n. (A£c cXv\ ]IminI) ] n-

s‚ DSaÿ∑mcpambp≈ _‘w a‰phn[Ønepw ]tbmP\s∏SpØm-

sa∂p almIhnbpw, almIhnbpambp≈ _‘Øn¬ \n∂p apXseSp-

°msa∂p siΩmi\pw Bin®p. h≈tØmƒ FgpXn ]q¿Ønbm°n

h®ncp∂ "injy\pw aI\pw' F∂ JfiImhyw Cu L´ØnemWv

G. B¿. ]n. ] n¬ \n∂v ]n. sF. C´q∏v ]km[I\mbn ]pdØp

h∂Xv.

h≈tØmfpw butk^v siΩmi\pw t\csØ Xs∂ kplrØp-

°fmbncp∂p. "Ip´≥ tat\m≥' F∂mWv siΩmi\pw ktlmZc\mb

C´q∏pw kvt\l]q¿hw At±lsØ hnfn®p h∂Xv. Ip´≥ F∂Xp


almIhn h≈tØmƒ \mcmbWtat\ms‚ Hma\t∏cmbncp∂p.

]pantbm≥

]pent°mń¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv A©ma≥ saXm-

t∏meoØmbpsS ktlmZco]pX\pw kpdnbm\n `mjm ]finX\p-

amb sNdphØq¿ Ipdnbmt°mkv IØ\mscs°m≠v siΩmi≥

kpdnbm\n InkvXym\nIfpsS ]m¿∞\m KŸamb "]oUm\p`h

BgvNbnse ]pantbm≥' aebmfØn¬ X¿÷a sNøn®ncp∂p.

F∂m¬ DXv]XnjvWphmb siΩmi\v X¿÷a Xr]vXnIcambn√.

B ]cn`mj almIhnsbs°m≠p ]cnjv°cn∏n°msa∂v At±lw

hnNmcn®p. almIhn ]cn`mj hmbn®pt\m°n, At±lØn\pw AXp

Xosc CjvSambn√. HSphn¬ siΩmi\pw Ipdnbmt°mkv IØ\mcpw

IqSn h≈tØmfns‚ ASpØncp∂p aqeKŸØnse Bibw At±-

lØn\p hnhcn®psImSpØp. h≈tØmƒ Aßs\ as‰mcp ]cn`mj

Xømdm°n. aq∂p\mep amkw sIm≠mWv h≈tØmƒ AXp ]q¿-

Ønbm°nbXv. aqeKŸØnse Zp¿Klßfmb `mKßƒ t]mepw

kz¥w ]Xn`mi‡n D]tbmKn®p almIhn kpµcambn Bibmhn-

jv°cWw \n¿hln®p. Cßs\ ]pantbm≥ ]cn`mj ]q¿Ønbmb-

t∏mƒ h≈tØmfn¬ ]pXnb Hcmibw DZn®p.

]m]n\nbmb Hcp kvXo tbiphns‚ ]mZØn¬ ]cnafssXew

]qip∂Xpw tbip Ahƒ°p ]m]ap‡n \¬Ip∂Xpamb Hcp `mKw

]pantbm\nep≠v. AXv Hcp IhnXbv°v CXnhrØambn kzoIcn®m-

]pen-t°m-ń¬ dºm≥h≈-tØmƒ


se¥v Fs∂mcp Bibw almIhnbnepZn®p. siΩmi\pw B Bi-

bsØ A\pIqen°bpw t]m’mln∏n°bpw sNbvXp. almIhn

]Øp\m¬∏Xp hcn hcp∂ Hcp JfiIrXn FgpXn. "]›mØm]w

]mb›nØw' F∂ t]cn¬. "\mYm, Xhm⁄Iƒ tI´p \S°msX'

F∂ hcn apX¬ "s]mbvs°mƒI s]Ïpt™' F∂ Ahkm\

]mZw hsc.

BbnSbv°p Xr»qcn¬ Hcp SqdnwKv kn\nam°m¿ ]Z¿i\w \S-

Ønbncp∂p. A∂p shdpw aqINnXßtfbp≈p. AhnsS InkvXp-

NcnXw ]Z¿in∏n°p∂p F∂dn™v butk^v siΩmi\pw, h≈-

tØmfpw, DIp Fs∂mcmfpsS hn√ph≠nbn¬ Ip∂¶pfØp \n∂v

F´p]Øp ssa¬ bmX sNbvXp XriqscØn. _[nc\mbncp∂ alm-

Ihn°v, aqINnXw \√Xpt]mse ckn®p. [\nI\mb iotams‚ amfn-

Ibpw AhnsS tbiphns\ Dt±in®p \SØnb k¬°mchpw ]m]n\n-

bmb Hcp XmcpWykp`K, I\ym]pXs‚ ]mZØn¬ "alm¿lssXew'

]qin \o≠ XeapSn sIm≠Xp XpSbv°p∂Xpw Ic™psIm≠v

]›mØm] ]m¿∞\ \SØp∂Xpw tbip Ahƒ°p ]m]tamN\w

\¬Ip∂Xpsa√mw NnXØn¬ I≠Xp almIhn h≈tØmfns‚ mh-

\sb DW¿Øn. Hcp Aÿn°jWw Inńbm¬ AXn\p a÷bpw

amwkhpw ssNX\yhpw \¬In Hcp aZmeksb krjvSn°m≥ Ign-

hp≈ h≈tØmfns‚ `mh\bv°v B aqINnXw DtØP\w \¬In.

XncnsI Ip∂¶pfØp h∂v Btdm Gtgm Znhkw sIm≠v almIhn

B Imhyw FgpXnØo¿Øp. t\csØ FgpXnh®ncp∂ ]›mØm]

]m¿∞\ HSphnepw tN¿Øp. Imhyw ]q¿Ønbm°p∂Xn\v At±lw

Xs∂ KZyØn¬ X¿÷a sNbvX ]pantbm≥ hfscb[nIw ]tbmP-

\s∏´p.

]pantbm\n¬ almIhn KZycq]Øn¬ ]cn`mjs∏SpØnbXpw,

Imhy\n¿ΩmWØn\v D]tbmKn®Xpamb JfinI CXm:˛

"... Aip≤amb hy`nNmchrØnbm¬ ]¶nebmb B ]m]nkvXo-

bpsS ASp°te°v \n¥ncphSnbpsS IcpW A`napJambns®∂p...

Ahƒ alm¿lamb ssXetØmSpw ]cnip≤amb ]›mØm]tØm-

Spw Dujvaf ‡ntbmSpw IqSn, \n¥ncphSnbpsS ASp°te°p ]m™p-

sN∂p. Ahƒ \n¥ncphSnbpsS A\pKlZzmcØn¬ e÷ IqSmsX

apńhnfn®p. iotams‚ h\Øn¬ AßbpsS k∂n[nbnte°v Ahƒ

\n»¶w ]thin®p. Aaqeyamb ˛ A[¿ayamb Zp¿hym]mcØm¬

kºmZn®Xmb aqtdm≥ssXew Ahƒ \n¥ncphSnbpsS inc n¬,

Xncpsaøn¬, Hgp°n. F√m temIØns‚bpw ]m]w kztZlØn¬


hln∏m≥ XmWnbp≈ \n¥ncphSnbpsS ]cnip≤ßfmb Xr∏mZ-

ßsf Ahƒ Aip≤ßfmb ssIIƒ sIm≠p ]nSn®v bmsXmcp

amen\yhpan√mØ Dujvaf kvt\lw \nanØw Ic™psIm≠v Aip-

Nnbmb A[cßƒ sIm≠p Npw_n®p. ZpxJw \nd™ IÆpIƒ

sIm≠p Ahsb A`ntjNn®p. Xqhmebv°p ]Icw XeapSn sIm≠p

tXm¿Øn. kztZlØns‚ ]m]tamN\sØbpw ]cnip≤ntbbpw

]m¿∞n®v DW¿Øn®p.'

IhnXbnembt∏mƒ Cu ]pantbm≥ JfinIsb Bew_am°n

h≈tØmƒ, Cßs\ FgpXn:

"kzm[zn KrlØn\IØp IS∂p Xm ˛

t\m¿Ø kt¶XØnseØnt®¿∂p

......................................

]¶aI∂ IÆocm¬ IgpInb

X¶Ør°m¬IsfØmgvatbmsS

t\¿Ø]ń∂p t\¿sIm≠ hm¿Iq¥em¬

tXm¿ØnØpS®h c≠nt∑epw

sNºhngßƒ ]Xn°bmbv Iman\n

X≥]cnt]eh hmbvaecm¬

...................................................

]n∂oSp Xm≥ sIm≠ph∂ ]mXØnse

[\yalm¿l kpK‘ssXew

XqIn\mƒ...

]pantbm\nse "alm¿l ssXew' F∂ hm°pXs∂ almIhn,

IhnXbnepw kzoIcn®ncn°p∂p. F∂m¬ AipNnbmb A[cw

sIm≠p Npw_n®p F∂Xv "]cnt]eh hmbvaecm¬' F∂p am‰nbn-

´p≠v.

]›mØm] ]m¿∞\

]m]n\nbmb B kvXobpsS ]m¿∞\ ]pantbm\n¬ \n∂pw, aKvZ-

e\adnbØn¬ \n∂pw D≤cn°mw:˛

]pantbm\n¬\n∂v: ""Fs‚ \mYm, acp`qanbnse sIm≈cpXmØ

sIm≈°mcs‚ ssIbn¬ s]ńcn°p∂hfpw Xrss°sIm≠p krjvSn-

°s∏´hfpamb Cu Zmknsb \n¥ncphSn ISm£n°Wsa.

sImØnhen°p∂ IgpI\n¬ \n∂pw, NXnhebpsS IpSp°n¬

\n∂pw, kqX°mc\mb ]m∏nSnbs‚ ASp°¬ \n∂pw Cu Zmknsb


hos≠Spt°Wsa. AXns\ \n¥ncphSnbpsS ]RvPcØn¬

km£m¬ s]¨]ndmhpw, \n¥ncphSnbpsS `h\Øn¬ ]mXnhXy-

ap≈ Nßmen∏nSbpw.... B°nØo¿t°Wsa. ]m]kapZØnepw

tZmj°bØnepw apßn°nS°p∂ Chsf D≤cnt°Wsa. \nIrjvS-

bmb Chsf Aip≤°p≠n¬ \n∂pw, sNfn\nd™ Ima°pgnbn¬

\n∂pw Ic Ibt‰Wsa... Fs‚ \mYm, hnfn®psIm≈phn≥ Rm≥

Xpd°psa∂pw, bmNn®psIm≈phn≥ In´psa∂pw \n¥ncphSn Acpfn-

s®bvXn´p≠t√m. CXm Rm≥ \n¥ncphSnbpsS hmXn¬°¬ ap´p∂p.

hnfn tIƒ°Wsa, Rm≥ ASnas∏´XpsIm≠v Fs‚ k¿∆m]cm[hpw

£ant°Wsa... Fs∂ \n¥ncphSnbpsS Bebnte°p Xncn°-

Wsa...''

"aKvZe\adnb'Øn¬ \n∂v:

""\mYm, Xhm⁄Iƒ tI´p\S°msX

\m\m]cm[ßƒ sNbvXpt]mbv Rm≥

imknXmhmtbms\ k¿hw £an®p X≥

Zmknsb Xr°m¬°¬ \n¿ØWsa

ap´phn≥ hmXn¬ Xpd°psa∂ßp∂p

]´mßambvs®m∂tXm¿ØpsImt≠

XmhIm\pKlZzmcØn¬ ap´pan˛

∏mhØnt\IpInßpƒ ]thiw

eoebmI≠p Nncn∏m\mbv h©I≥

tate hncn®n´ apƒ∏c∏n¬

tabm\mbv sNs∂mcp s]äm≥ \ncmew_˛

bmbnXm hoWpt]mbv apƒIpgnbn¬

sNøcpXmØXp sNbvXhsf¶nep

aosbs∂ Xs≈ms√ Xºpcms\

Xnøns\t∏mepw XWp∏n°pa Xr˛

°øn\m¬ Xo¿Øhfs√m Rm\pw

ZpjvS∏cp¥ns‚ hmbn¬\n∂n§Xn˛

sI´ It]mXnsb±o\_t‘m

ARvPkm hos≠SpsØ≥ Xncpta\nX≥

]RvPcw X∂neWbvt°Wsa.''

]pantbm\n¬\n∂v: ""kvXotb s]mbvs°mƒI, \n\°v F¶¬

AXnbmb `‡n tXm∂nbt√m. AXn\m¬ \ns‚ ]m]ßsf Rm≥

£an®ncn°p∂p.''


aKvZe\ adnbØn¬ \n∂v:

""s]mbvs°mƒI s]Ïpt™! ZpxJw shSn™p \o

Dƒs°m≠ hnizmkw ImØp\ns∂

A∏t∏mƒ ]mXIw sNbvXXns\ms°bp˛

an∏›mØm]ta ]mb›nØw''

almIhn ]cakpµcamb B Imhyw ]q¿Ønbm°n. "]›mØm]w

]mb›nØw' F∂ t]cpan´p. ]t£ butk v siΩmi\v B t]cn¬

Xr]vXn tXm∂nbn√. "adnb' F∂p amXw t]cn´mtem? Xosc ]‰pI-

bn√. aKvZe\ adnbamWv InkvXp]mZØn¬ ssXem`ntjIw \SØn-

bsX∂p \mep kphntijßfnepw ]pantbm\nepw C√. F¶nepw

B t]¿ Xs∂bmbncn°s´ F∂p \n›bn®p.

NnXsagpØp sI. Fw. h¿Kokn\v butk^v siΩmi\pambn

]e hn[Øn¬ hnt[bXzap≠mbncp∂p. NnXsagpØns‚ KZyssien-

sb°pdn®p siΩmi\p henb aXn∏mbncp∂Xn\m¬, At±lsØ-

s°m≠mWv aKvZe\adnbØn\v AhXmcnIbpw Sn∏Wnbpw FgpXn-

®Xv.

Aßs\ "]oUm\p`hmgvNbnse ]pantbm≥' 1918˛epw, "aKvZe\

adnbw' 1921˛epw ]pent°mń¬ butk^v siΩmi≥ ]km[I\mbn

]kn≤s∏SpØn.

tPmk^v dºm≥ 1921˛¬ NnXsagpØn\v Ab® Hcp IØn¬

C]Imcw ]d™ncn°p∂p: "aKvZe\ adnbw' A®Sn®p XpSßn°gn-

™p. Sn∏Wn AXy¥w at\mlcambn´p≠v. h≈tØmfns‚ Cu

JfiIrXn°p A\ptbmPyamb Hcp Sn∏Wn \nßfpsS t]\mØp-

ºn¬ \nt∂ Cdßm≥ km[n°q F∂ t_m[yw Xs∂bmWp kmlk-

sa∂p \nßƒ ]dbp∂ B IrXyØn\mbn At]£n∏m≥ Rßsf

\n¿_‘nXcm°nbXv. IhnX Fs¥∂p a\ nem°o´p≈ GI

\kmWn \nßƒ Hcmƒ amXw F∂p h≈tØmfn\v A\p`hthZy-

hpambn.'

"IYmhkvXp sIm≠pw coXnkwkvIcWw sIm≠pw io tat\m\-

h¿IfpsS as‰√m JfiIrXnItf°mfpw aosXbmWp ]kvXpX

JfiIrXn F∂p IqSn Rm≥ hnNmcn°p∂p' F∂p NnXsagpØp

]dbptºmƒ AXnt\mSp hntbmPn°m≥ Hcp klrZb\pw km[ya√.

"aKvZe\ adnbw' F∂ DXvIrjvS IrXnsb \kmWn kapZmb-

Øn\p Zm\w sNbvhm≥ k∂≤\mbXn¬ IrX⁄Xm[\∑mcmb


\kmWnIƒ tat\m\h¿ItfmSv F√m ImeØpw IrX⁄∑mcmbncn-

°psa∂p≈Xn\p bmsXmcp kwibhpans√∂pw AhXmcnIbn¬

]dbp∂p.

"BI∏msS t\m°p∂Xmbm¬ anÃ¿ \mcmbWtat\m≥ Hcp ]pXn-

bXcw anj\dnthebsX InkvXy≥ kapZmbØn\p ImWn®p sImSp-

Øncn°p∂Xv' F∂pw NnXsagpØp Nq≠n°m´p∂p.

ssXew ]qinbXpw ]m]ap‡n t\SnbXpw aKvZe\ adnbamtWm?

_Ym\ybnse emkdn\v am¿Ø, F∂pw adnb F∂pw c≠p ktlm-

Zcnamcp≠mbncp∂p. Ahcn¬ adnb c≠p ]mhiyw ssXetkN\w

\SØnbXmbn tbml∂ms‚ kphntijØn¬ ]dbp∂p≠v. AXnß-

s\bmWv.

""adnbbpsSbpw AhfpsS ktlmZcn am¿ØbpsSbpw Kmaamb

_Ym\ybnse emk¿ Fs∂mcph≥ Zo\ambn°nS∂p. Cu adnbbm-

bncp∂p I¿Ømhns\ ]cnafssXew ]qin XeapSn sIm≠v Ahs‚

Im¬ XpS®Xv. AhfpsS ktlmZc\mb emk¿ BWp Zo\ambn InS-

∂Xv' (tbml∂ms‚ kphntijw 11˛mw A≤ymbw H∂pw c≠pw hmIy-

ßƒ).

bdpitean¬ \n∂p c≠p \mgnI AIsebmWv _Ym\y Kmaw.

tbml∂m≥ 12˛mw A[ymbØns‚ Bcw``mKØv Cßs\ ]dbp∂p:

"tbip acn®hcn¬ \n∂p Dbn¿∏n® emk¿ ]m¿Ø _Ym\ybn-

te°v tbip s]klmbv°v Bdp Znhkw ap≥]p h∂p. AhnsS Ah\p-

th≠n Hcp AØmghncps∂mcp°n. am¿Ø ipiqj sNbvXp. ]¥n-

bn¬ Ccp∂hcn¬ emkdpw Dƒs∏ńcp∂p. At∏mƒ adnb hnetbdnb

Hcp kz—PSmamwkn ssXew Hcp dmØ¬ FSpØv tbiphns‚ Imen¬

]qin XeapSn sIm≠p Im¬ Xph¿Øn. ssXeØns‚ kuc`yw

sIm≠p hoSp \nd™p.'

Aßs\ c≠p ]mhiyw emk¿ Zo\ambn InS°p∂Xn\p hfsc-

\mƒ ap≥]pw, emkdns\ ]p\cp÷ohn∏n®tijw Ipsd Znhkßƒ

Ign™pw ˛ adnbw ssXew]qin XeapSn sIm≠p XpS®p F∂mWp

ImWp∂Xv. BZysØ "]qi¬' iotams‚ taSbn¬ h®msW∂p ]dbp-

∂n√. c≠matØXp emkdns‚ KrlØn¬ h®msW∂p hy‡ambn

]kvXmhn°p∂p≠v.


ssXew ]qinb adnbw

aØmbnbpsS kphntijw 26˛mw A≤ymbØnepw a¿t°mkv 14˛mw

A≤ymbw BZy`mKØpw IpjvTtcmKnbmbncp∂ iotams‚ hkXn

_Ym\ybnemsW∂p ]dbp∂p≠v. AhnsSh®v ssXetkN\w

sNbvX kvXobpsS t]cn√. Hcp kvXo Ft∂ ]dbp∂p≈p. _Ym\y-

bnse emkdns‚ hoń¬ h®pw iotams‚ hoń¬ h®pw ssXew ]pc-

ńbt∏mƒ Cu ssXew hn‰ XpI ZcnZ¿°p sImSp°mambncp∂t√m

F∂p injy∑m¿ ]cn`hn°p∂Xmbpw AXp Xs‚ ihkwkvImcØn-

\p apºp≈ Hcp NSßmbn IcpXnbm¬ aXn F∂p InkvXp ]dbp∂-

Xmbpw ImWp∂p. Aßs\sb¶n¬ emkdns‚ ktlmZcnbmb _Ym-

\ybnse adnb Xs∂ Bbncn°Ww ssXew ]qinb ]m]nbmb kvXo.

]t£ Ahƒ ]m]n\nbmsWt∂m A[¿Ω am¿KØn¬ Ncn®ncp-

∂hfmsWt∂m kphntijßfn¬ ImWp∂n√.

F∂m¬ eqt°mkns‚ kphntijw 14˛mw A≤ymbw c≠mw hmIy-

Øn¬ aKvZe\ adnbsØ∏‰n ]dbp∂Xp i≤m¿lamWv. Ggp

`qXßƒ hn´pt]mb aKvZe°mcn adnbw F∂mWp AhnsS ]dbp∂Xv.

Cu adnbw InkvXphns‚ ]mZØntem Xebntem ssXew ]qinb-

Xmtbm, Ahƒ hy`nNmcnWn Bbncp∂Xmtbm, ss__nfnepw ]pan-

tbm\nepw ImWp∂n√. h≈tØmƒ AXpsIm≠mWp Xs‚ Imhy-

Øn¬ HcnSØpw \mbnIbpsS t]cp ]dbmXncp∂Xv. ]t£ ]pkvX-

IØn\p "aKvZe\ adnbw' F∂p t]cn´ butk^v siΩmi\v Hcp

Zp¿∫e \nanjØn¬ B t]cv icnsb∂p tXm∂n. ]oemtØmkv ]d-

™Xpt]mse FgpXnbXv FgpXn. aKvZe\ adnbØn\p aebmf

kmlnXyØn¬ imizX]XnjvT e`n°bpw sNbvXp.


1Bcm[\m kmlnXyØns‚

I¿ΩImfiw

ae¶c Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bn¬ "Bcm[\m Km\'Øn\v apJyamb

ÿm\ap≠v. "Bcm[\m Km\'ßƒ kpdnbm\nbpambn _‘s∏´-

XmWv. ]m›mXy kpdnbm\n ]mcºcyw k`bpsS F√m Bcm[\-

bnepw ]ISamWv.

kpdnbm\n Bcm[\m Km\ßƒ A\pIaambn hf¿∂Xv A©mw

\q‰m≠nemWv. am¿ At]w (306˛373), am¿ _membn (380˛420), am¿

bmt°m_v (451˛521), am¿ Cklm°v (420˛485), FtUkbnse bmt°m-

_v (+708), am¿ tkthdntbmkv (465˛538), siaph≥ Iqt°mtbm F∂o

]nXm°∑mcpsS \nkvXpeamb kw`mh\Iƒ kpdnbm\n Km\sØ

kPoham°n. Ggmw \q‰m≠p hsc hf¿®bpsS apt∂‰ambncp∂p.

]n∂oSv Imcyamb hnIk\ap≠mIp∂Xv ]¥≠mw \q‰m≠p apX-

emWv. Zoh∂mkntbmkv _¿…o_nbpw, _m¿ G_mbbpw (1226˛86)

kpdnbm\n Bcm[\mIaßƒ Xømdm°p∂Xn¬ AXy[nIw i≤n®p.

kpdnbm\n Bcm[\ km¿∆XnIamb LS\ Dƒs°m≠ ]Xnaq∂mw

\q‰m≠mWp kpdnbm\n Bcm[\mIaßfpsS kph¿ÆImew.

]n∂oSp kpdnbm\nbpambn _‘s∏´p≈ F√m cN\Ifpw kzX¥

X¿÷aItfm, ]Zm\p]Z X¿÷aItfm BWv.

Bcm[\mkmlnXyw

ae¶ck`bn¬ \nehnep≈Xv kpdnbm\n Bcm[\bpsS X¿÷a-

Iƒ amXamWv. X\Xmb ]m¿∞\Itfm Io¿Ø\ßtfm C\nbpw

cq]s∏SpØphm≥ Ign™nń√. kzX¥hpw tZiobhpamb k`sb∂v

AhImis∏Spsa¶nepw Bcm[\ "sshtZinI'amWv. ]mcºcyßfpw

A\pjvTm\ßfpw sshtZinI kz`mhap≈XmWv. Bia]mcºcy-

Øn¬ hnIknXamb Bcm[\m ssienbmbXn\m¬ a\pjys‚ ASn-

ÿm\ PohnX]iv\ßfpw ]Xnk‘nIfpw hnkvacn°p∂p. kvXo

˛ ]pcpj_‘hpw IpSpw_PohnXhpw "]tem`\hpw ]m]'hpambn-

´mWp NnXoIcn®ncn°p∂Xv! kz¿KobX°mbn hmRvOn°p∂

B≤ymflnIXbmWp ]m›mXy kpdnbm\nbn¬ \n∂v e`yamIp∂Xv.

kpdnbm\nbn¬ \n∂p Bcm[\mKm\ßƒ aebmfØn¬ ]cn`mj-

s∏SpØnsb¶nepw ASnÿm\]cambn \nd™p \n¬°p∂Xpw "kpdn-


bm\n' kzm[o\amWv. mjm¥cØnse X\nabpw Xmfhpw bp‡nssh-

NnXyßfpw Hcp ]cn[n hsc Bcm[\sb kPohhpw, kºpjvShpw,

`‡nkmµhpam°p∂p.

ae¶cbnse "Bcm[\m Km\ßƒ'°v ImhymflIXbpw Xmfmfl-

IXbpw \¬In Bcm[\m kmlnXyam°p∂Xn¬ ][m\ ]¶p hln-

®Xv shÆn°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠nbmWv. A\nXckm[mcWamb Ihn-

Xm]mShhpw k¿KmflIXbpw _lp`mjm \n]pWXbpw ka\zbn-

°p∂ ]Xn`mimenbmb kn. ]n. Nm≠n°v Bibßƒ kpefnX

]Zhn\ymkßtfmsS tIm¿ØnW°phm≥ AXoh ]mKev`yap≠v.

\nkvXµhpw I¿Ω\ncXhpamb X]kybm¬ kn. ]n. Nm≠n ]uc-

kvXy B≤ymflnIXbpsS Bgßƒ efnXkpµchpw XmfmflIhp-

ambn ‡lrZbßfn¬ \ndbv°p∂p. Ch D÷zeXbpsS DZmØamb

krjvSnIfmWv. Hcp ]pcpjmbp p apgph≥ Bcm[\m kmlnXyØn\p

PohnXw ka¿∏Ww sNbvX kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS tkh\ßƒ \nkvXp-

ehpw AhnkvacWobhpamWv.

ssIkvXh Io¿Ø\ßƒ

aebmf Io¿Ø\ßƒ `mjbpsS Ahn¿`mhImeØp Xs∂bp-

≠mbncps∂¶nepw ssIkvXh Io¿Ø\ßƒ°v KWyamb kw`m-

h\If¿∏n°phm≥ Ign™nń√. ùXnI ]Xn`mkßfpsS ambm

tamlßfn¬s∏´p hebp∂ a\pjylrZbßsf `‡nkmµam°n

kz¿§ob PohnXØnte°m\bn°p∂Xn\pw AXnep]cn a\pjys‚

PohnX bYm¿∞yßfpsS "\·' cq]w KqVm¿∞Øn¬ shfnhm°n

s°mSp°p∂Xn\pw ssIkvXh Io¿Ø\ßfp]Icn°p∂p.

Cuizc\maw amXaSßnb kvtXmXßfpw `‡n kwh¿≤I ˛

thZm¥ XØz]Xn]mZ\ kvtXmXßfpw ss__nƒ ˛ CXnlmk

IYIƒ kwKln®v Npcp°w hm°pIfn¬ IqSn Bib]Imi\w

\SØnbncp∂ kvtXmXßfpap≠v. Cßs\ Io¿Ø\kmlnXyw

hnhn[ imJmXeØn¬ ]Npc]Nmcw kn≤n®ncp∂p. Chbn¬ aX-

ßfpambn KmV_‘w ]pe¿Ønbncp∂h "Bcm[\m kmlnXyw'

F∂dnbs∏Sp∂p. Hm¿ØtUmIvkv Bcm[\bn¬ ]e Iaßfps≠-

¶nepw \nXyap]tbmKn°p∂ ivloam \akv°mcØnse `mjmssi-

ensb°pdn®pw Iev]\m sshNnXyßsf°pdn®pap≈ ]T\ßƒ

Bflob PohnXØns‚ Bgw Iq´p∂Xn\p]Icn°pw. F∂meo

cwKØv Bcm[\m `mjmssiensb°pdn®v CtXhsc ]tXyI

]T\ßfp≠mbnń√.


Bcm[\m kmlnXyw Bflob Z¿i\Øn\v

Bflob bmYm¿∞yßƒ Imhy`wKn Ie¿∂ mjbn¬ kuµcym-

flIambn Bhnjv°cn°p∂Xpw `‡lrZbßsf Bflob Z¿i\-

Ønte°pb¿Øm≥ ]cym]vXhpamb H∂mWv ivloam \akvImcw.

]tlfnbptSbpw KqVm¿∞ IYIfptSbpw ]Xncq]mflIXbptSbpw

_lvahnZybptSbpw tbmKmflIXbptSbpw ka\zboIrXcq]`mhw

]e hcnIfnepw Z¿in°phm≥ Ignbpw. a\pjylrZbßfn¬ B≤ym-

flnI Nn¥bpW¿Øn ssZhk∂n[nbnte°Sp∏n°p∂Xn\pw DtØ-

Pn∏n°p∂Xn\pw Cu ImhymflIXbv°v Ignbp∂ps≠¶nepw hcnI-

fnse CtaPns‚ B¥cm¿∞Xeßfnte°v ‡∑m¿°v ]et∏mgpw

IS∂psN√phm≥ IgnbmsX hcp∂p. ImcWw BflnI kt¥mjØn-

s‚bpw ]XymibpsSbpw c£bpsSbpw ZqXv ]Icp∂bnXv kwKo-X-

]-Z-am-I-bm¬ A\phmNI¿ thsdmcp t_m[XeØnte°v DbcpI-

bmWv. CXv ‡nkmµambn Be]n°ptºmƒ AXneSßnbncn°p∂

KqVm¿∞ßsf°pdnt®m A¿∞Xeßsf°pdnt®m t_m[hm∑mcm-

Ip∂pt≠msb∂p kwibn°p∂p.

cN\mssien

ivloam \akvImcØn¬ ]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ Iev]\m sshNnXy-

ßfpw mjm]tbmKßfpw Hm¿ØtUmIvkv Bcm[\bpsS tijvTX

shfnhm°phm≥ klmbn°p∂p. kºq¿Æ P\]¶mfnØap≈ Hm¿-

ØtUmIvkv Bcm[\ ]mtZinI `mjbn¬ B°nbXv Cu \q‰m-

≠ns‚ Bcw`ZiIßfn¬ amXamWv. CXv aebmf Io¿Ø\ kmln-

XyimJIfpsS Ahkm\ ImeL´w IqSnbmbncp∂p.

"kpefnX ]Zhn\ymk

cpNncme¶mc imen\n

a[pcmarZpem]n Kl\`mh' F∂ tIm´bØp Xºpcms‚ IhnXm

cN\m \n¿hN\Øn\v A\pkrXambn kpefnXamb ]ZIaßtfmSp

IqSnbXpw i_vZm¿∞Øn¬ cpNncamb Ae¶mcßƒ sIm≠v kpµ-

cam°nbXpw arZpesa∂p tXm∂psa¶nepw k¶o¿Æhpw Kl\hpamb

`mhßfpƒs°m≈n®ncn°p∂Xpamb cN\mX¥amWv ivloam \akv-

°mcØn¬ D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv.

\nXyap]tbmKn°p∂ efnXamb ]Zm\pIaamWnXn¬ D]tbmKn-

®ncn°p∂sX¶nepw B[p\ntImØc IhnXIƒ t]mse Xs∂ k¶o-

¿Æhpw sshNnXyhpam¿∂ hmMvab NnXßƒ, N©elrZb\mb

a\pjys‚ Dev]Øn, \ymbhn[n, \ci‡nbpsS ]cnanXnIƒ, ]Xo£-


bptSbpw A`nemjßfptSbpw A¥an√mbva, a\pjymhÿ XpSßn-

bhsb°pdn®p≈ sshhn[yam¿∂ _nw_Iev]\Iƒ, anØpIƒ,

anÃn°mibßƒ, ]mk]tbmKßƒ F∂nhbnXn¬ A\mbmtk\

A\¿§f kpµcambn´mhnjv°cn®ncn°p∂p.

B[p\nI a\pjys‚ bYm¿∞ NnXßƒ

"Pohn°ptºmƒ ssZhsØt∏mse Iev]n°pIbpw Pohm¥yØn¬

arKsat∂mWw ambpIbpw sNøp∂' a\pjys‚ bYm¿∞ NnXw

t\m°q:

kzkvt\lnXs\ "hngpßp∂p' ]msºt∂mWw a¿Xy∑m¿ XΩn¬

Ihcp∂p ˛

AXymKlw aq¿—n®v kzkvt\lnXs\ F∂√ kz¥°msct∏mepw

\in∏n°phm≥ Xømdmhp∂ a\pjys‚ kzm¿∞X NnXoIcn°p∂p:

"IStemcw hgnt]mIptºm˛

ft\ym\yw shńØn∂pw

a’ysØ Z¿in˛®m¿t∂\m›cyw

hnkvabklnXw \n¬°ptºmƒ ˛ Nn¥nt®hw Rm≥

`pht\ XΩn¬ "hngpßpt∂m' ˛ cp≠o a¿Xycnepw.'

ssZhkmZriyØnepw kzcq]Ønepw krjvSn°s∏´ a\pjy≥ "]c-

s\ hngpßps∂¶n¬' \ymbhn[ns°ØmØ Pohnsb Ip‰w ]dbW-

tam F∂p tNmZn°p∂Xv FX icnbmbncn°p∂p.

\izcamb "PohnX'Øns‚ Bbpkv hfsc hncfsat∂m \n mcsa-

t∂m Nn¥n°mØ a\pjyt\mSp ]`mX]tZmjßfn¬: (k¶o. 103:15):

]p√n\p Xpeyw \c\psS \mƒIftlm

]q°p∂nXp hben¬ ]q˛s®Snt]mse˛

Ft∂m¿Ωn∏n°p∂p.

"]qs®Sn'bmbpw "]pI'bmbpap≈ Bbp pambn Pohn°p∂ a\p-

jy≥ I¿Ω\ncXamb taJeIfn¬ \ns∂mfnt®mSn Akzÿ\pw

Ak¥pjvS\pambn Pohn°p∂p. Ah≥ Pohn°p∂ temItam "I]SX

s]cpIn' "Ccpfn¬ InS∂v' sFU‚n‰n°p th≠n ]c°w ]mbpIbmWv.

F¥\oXnbpw sNbvXp ZpjvSam¿§Ønte°p Xncnbp∂ temIw A¥y-

ImeØv FØptºmtg°pw:

Cu‰n≥ t\mhm¬ kvXosbt∂mWw tIgpw [mXn

iWvTIfmepw t]mcpIfmepw hogmdmIpw


.......................................................................................

A∂mftøm XΩnseXr°pw am\htemIw

\mSpIsf√mw apSnbpw ]pcnIƒ hndsIm≠nSpw.

FX `bm\Iamb Hcp cwKamWv h¿Æn®ncn°p∂Xv. F∂m¬

Cßs\bp≈ Hc¥yImesØØn a¿Xy≥ ]oUb\p`hn°cpsX∂v

ssZhw BKln°p∂p. AXn\pth≠n a\pjy¿ A\pXm]]q¿∆w

ssZhnI kwk¿§ØnseØnt®cp∂Xn\pth≠n t]cn∏n°p∂p:

]m]nbpWcpI \o ˛ A\pXm]Øn\mbv

Xcap≈t∏mƒ IÆocm¬ s\Spho¿∏m¬ \o

amen\yßsf ambn°

thKw £at\Sm\mKlaps≠¶n¬

ssZhka£w ˛ k¶S]q¿∆w tIgpI \n˛

∂]cm[ßsfambn°pw.

F∂p hy‡ambn D]tZin°p∂tXmsSm∏w,

\oN∑mcnekqb \n\°p≠mIcpsX

Zpjv°¿ΩnIfn¬ sshcaXp

ssZhØn¬ ]XymitbmsS sNøpI\∑

Dugnbn¬ acphnØncbpI \o hnizmkw˛

F∂pw ]t_m[n∏n°p∂p. ]m]n A\pXm]tØmsS ]m¿∞n-

t°≠ coXn a\ nem°n sImSp°p∂Xv it≤basX:

]m¿∞n∏m≥ \o \n¬°ptºmƒ ˛ k¥m]tØmtSImKw

Nn¥Isf°Sn™mWn´v ˛ NnØØn¬ \n¿ØotSWw

\n≥hmbv [q]Øn≥Ieiw ˛ \n∂[cw [q]w lrZyw

ssZhsØ ]oWn∏n°pw ˛ \mthm ipiqj°mc≥

Aßs\ A\pXm]tØmsS GImKNnØ\mbn ssZhnI k∂n[n-

bnseØp∂ ]m]n°v Xs‚ AkvXnXzsØ°pdn®v t_m[yapfhm-

Ip∂p. At∏mfh≥ ZpxJtØmsS "\n≥ ]Xncq]sØ \nXym·n°mbv

shSnbcptX' F∂pw "]cnNnXcpsS ]cnlmkØn\p ]mXaXmhm≥

Cubpt≈mt\∏Ib\p hn´psImSp°cptX' F∂pw tIWt]£n°p-

∂p. "as‰mcp hmXn¬ apńhnfn∏m\n√mXmb a\pjy≥ Ahkm\w Xs‚

\n lmbX' shfnhm°p∂p.

]pIt]mse≥ \mfpIfn√mXmbn

F∂ÿnIƒ sh◊bWn™p,

shÆo¿ t]mse.....!


Iev]\m sshNnXyßƒ

ssIkvXhanØpIƒ B[p\nI aebmf kmlnXymZnIeIfn¬

]mapJyw t\Sns°m≠ncn°pIbmWv. bphIhnIfpw kmlnXyImc-

∑mcpw ssIkvXhanØpIfn¬ \n∂v ImhymflI _nw_Iev]\Iƒ

kzoIcn°p∂ ]hWXtbdn hcp∂p. ivloam \akvImcØns‚ BZn-

a≤ym¥ßfn¬ A\pkyqXambn anØpIfpsS ]hmlw "hm°pIfpsS

Ie' sIm≠v krjvSn°s∏ńcn°p∂p. ]gb˛]pXnb \nbaßfn¬

ImWp∂ bYm¿∞ NnXßƒ, NcnXkvacWIƒ, ]hN\ßƒ F∂o

anØpIƒ Imhy_nw_Øn¬ tIm¿ØnW°nbncn°p∂p.

kltZ∑m¿ A\p`hn® ]oUIfpsS ImTn\yw "ap¥ncn°pe'bv°p-

≠mIp∂ ]cnh¿Ø\ambn h¿Æn®ncn°p∂Xv it≤bamWv:

kltZ∑msc ap¥ncnX≥˛Ipesb∂hn[w

"\ymbm[n]cn´p]ngn™p' ˛ cp[ncw [cbnsemgp°n ˛

"\ymbm[n]cn´p ]ngn™p' F∂ ]Z]tbmKw sIm≠v kltZ∑m¿

A\p`hn® ]oUIƒ apgph≥ hy‡amIp∂p.

ssZh]pX≥ I\yIbn¬ "I\ymapZbv°v `wKw hcmsX' PmXw

sNbvXp F∂Xv sshNnXyam¿∂ _nw_mflIX sIm≠v ˛ ]hN\

kq‡ßƒ tImUoIcn®ncn°p∂p. "]qńb hmXnepw,' "]qńb tXm -

hpw,' "]pcnbpw,' "hnØn√msX apf® kkyhpw,' "adnbmans‚ ImXnse

hnØphnXbpw,' "\Znsb acphnsemgp°nb ]mcbpw' I\ymXzØns‚

]XoIßfmWv. F∂m¬ I\ymXzsØ Bt£]n°p∂htcmSv:

"Ip™mSns\ hr£w \evIn

Xo°¬∏md Pew \evIn

FkvXodm a’yhptaIn' F∂o ZrjvSm¥ßƒ ImWn®psIm≠v

"ssZhØm¬ Akm[yambXv H∂pan√msb∂p ÿm]n°p∂p.

i_vZm¿∞˛]mk]tbmKßƒs°mØ Bib ]Imi\w \SØp-

hm\pw hcnIƒ°p Ignbp∂p≠v.

DZm:

1. EPpaXnIƒ°ncpfn¬ ZypXnbpfhmbn...

2. ZypXntb! ZypXnX\bm! ZypXnbnetlm \nhknt∏mt\...

3. Ipkpa hnZqjnX \otkm\mw ˛ amkw t]mse...

4. \n¿aeamapZsc \n¿Ωeambv...

5. DZtb ISen∂pStbms\ ˛ Icbn¬ I≠p injy∑m¿...


6. ]¥ncpXqWpIfo ˛ [csb Xmßp∂p...

7. cmhn¬ Io∏m XSho∂pw hnSpX¬ ˛ ]m]n®p...

Hcp kabØp amXw ]Imiw ]cØphm≥ Ignhp≈ kqcyNµ∑m-

tc°mƒ ]`mhm\mbn am¿tØmΩm«olmsb h¿Æn®ncn°p∂p.

"]Item≥ ]IsemfnXqIp∂p

]\naXncmhn¬

\o cm]I¬ an∂nSp∂p'

I\yIadnbmans‚ kuµcysØ kq£vaambn NnXoIcn°p∂p.

adnbmw Xs∂ X∑pJtam¿Øm¬ tim`m]q¿Æw

`mjn°ptºmƒ Np≠pIfo∂pw kqcy\pZn∏q!

ssIkvXh PohnX aqeyZ¿i\hpw Ihn`mh\bpw IqSn ka\zbn®-

t∏mƒ DSseSpØ Cu hmMvabßƒ°v ]pXnsbmcp Imhymht_m[w

hf¿Øn FSp°p∂Xn\p km[n°p∂p.

]mbw IqSnb IgpI≥, apƒacsacnbmsXcnXoX≥ \Sphn¬°≠

Nn∑b≥, BImiØn\pw aqgn°pw XWembncn°p∂ _ehm≥,

]q¿∆nI htbm[nI≥, ap¥ncnbpw ˛ ap¥ncn°pebpw, I\yIbpw ˛

I\ymapZbpw, ]\naXnbpw ˛ ]\na™pw, aWhmf\pw ˛ aWhdbpw

\ho\b¿∞Xeßƒ tXSp∂ am\ßfsX. Chsb√mw kaoNo\-

amwhn[w AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂ ivloam \akv°mcØnse `mjsbm

AXypZmØatX. Nn¥malXzw, i‡naØmb hnImchpw AXns‚

kêamb Bhnjv°mcw, Ae¶mchpw a‰v D‡nsshNnXyßƒ,

Ipeo\ cN\mssien, Kwòchpw tijvThpamb cq]LS\ F∂nh

sIm≠v B DZmØX ]kv]jvSam°p∂p. D]a, D¬t]£, cq]Iw,

A]kvXpX ]iwk, kz`mthm‡n XpSßnb Ae¶mc]tbmKßƒ

sIm≠v ivloam \akv°mc`mj Bcm[\mkmlnXyØn¬ kpc`ne

kpµcambncn°p∂p. \ho\amb Bibßfpw ]XoIßfpw AXnte-

°mhmln®n´pap≠v.

\nc¥camb B¥cmt\zjWØneqsS Znhyk∂n[nbnseØnb

anÃnIv ]XnÌfn¬ \n∂p amXta CXbpw `mh]Zo]vXamb cN\-

Iƒ \¬In hcnIsf A£cXbnte°pb¿Øm≥ Ignbq. kpdnbm\n

aqeytØmSpw k¶o¿Ø\ßtfmSpw ISs∏´msW¶n¬ IqSn AXnka¿-

∞amb Bib`mjm¥cw \SØnb B anÃn°v ]Xn` shÆn°pfw

kn. ]n. Nm≠nbmWv ˛ aqSp]San√mØ Imhy`mjbpsS BNmcy≥!

kpdnbm\n Bcm[\mIaßƒ X¿÷a sNbvX kmlNcyßfpw


Hm¿ΩIfpw ˛ kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpambn \SØnb A`napJØn¬ \n∂v:

kmlnXycN\bnte°v BIrjvS\mbsXßs\?

""\kmWnIƒ kmlnXyØnte°v hcphm≥ Ad®p\n∂p. kwkvIr-

Xhpw kmlnXyhpw InkvXym\nIƒ°v A]cnNnXamb taJebmbn-

cp∂p. F∂m¬ hfsc sNdp∏Øn¬ Xs∂ F\n°v IhnXtbmSv Xmev-

]cyap≠mbn. sk°≥Uv t^mdw apX¬ IhnX FgpXphm≥ XpSßn.

\memwXcw Pbn®t∏mƒ "Nm≠nsb aebmfw ]Tn∏n°'Wsa∂p Fs‚

]nXrktlmZc≥ hnZzm≥ sI. kn. h¿Kokv Bhiys∏´p. AXv kmln-

XyØnte°p≈ hgnØncnhmbn.''

Bcm[\mKoXßƒ X¿÷a sNøphm\p≈ kmlNcyw?

""kwkvIrX]T\w Ign™v kmlnXyØn¬ ]q¿Ækabw i≤n

®t∏mƒ ]gbskan\mcnbn¬ Xmakn®v kpdnbm\n ]m´pIƒ X¿÷a

sNøphm\p≈ £Ww e`n®p. 1945 apX¬ Bcm[\mKm\ßƒ ]cn-

`mjs∏SpØn. ]. _t entbmkv Koh¿Kokv ZznXob≥ ImtXmen-

°m_mhmbpsS Iev]\]ImcamWp Bcm[\mIaßƒ aebmfo-

Icn®Xv.

kpdnbm\n aev]m\mb h´°pt∂¬ hn. sI. amXyqkv I»oim

(]. _t entbmkv amXyqkv ]Ya≥ ImtXmen°m _mhm) `mjm-

¥cw sNøp∂ kpdnbm\nKoXßƒ Rm≥ kmlnXy`wKn Ie¿Øn-

bmWp aebmfØnem°nbXv. "Hcp taibpsS Ccphißfnembncp-

∂mWv' Rßƒ X¿÷a \n¿hln®Xv.

tIm\m v G_lmw aev]ms‚ (1908 1987) \nc¥camb Bhiy]

ImcamWp an° Iaßfpw mjm¥cs∏SpØphm≥ km[n®Xv. ]pØ≥-

Imhn¬ KohdpKokv am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv Xncpta\nbpw Cu cwK-

tØ°v hfscb[nIw t]m’mln∏n®p. "h´°pt∂¬ Xncpta\n°v'

Bcm[\mIaßƒ ]q¿Æambpw aebmfØnem°Wsa∂p Xmev]cy-

ap≠mbncp∂p. AXn≥]Imcw ]. _t entbmkv amXyqkv ]Ya≥

ImtXmen°m_mhmbpsS ImeL´Øn¬, apgph≥ Bcm[\mIa-

ßfpw `mjm¥cs∏SpØn.''

X¿÷abn¬ a\ n¬ \nd™p \n¬°p∂ Nne Hm¿ΩIƒ...?

""Bcm[\mIaßƒ X¿÷a sNbvXt∏mƒ kpdnbm\nbn¬ e`y-

ambncp∂ Ae¶mc`wKn \jvSs∏SmXncn°phm≥ ian®p. aebmf ]cn-

`mjbn¬ hrØ`wKn, A¿∞ip≤n, Xmfw, ebw F∂nhbn¬

]tXyIw i≤n®ncp∂p.


_p[\mgvN ]`mX\akv°mcØnse \mep hcn Fs∂ hfscb-

[nIw BI¿jn®n´p≈XmWv.

"\n¿ΩeamapZsc \n¿Ωeambv

h∂p hkns®mcp \n¿Ωe\mw

BflPs\ t]jn∏n®h\mw

\n¿ΩeXmX≥ kwkvXpXy≥...'

CXn¬ "\n¿ae' F∂ ]ZamWv Cu Km\sØ G‰hpw A¿∞h

Øm°p∂Xv. "\n¿ae' F∂ hm°v e`yambXv hfscb[nIw [ym\Øn-

\ptijamWv. ]cn`mjbn¬ G‰hpw DNnXamb hm°v e`n®ns√¶n¬

AXp Is≠Øp∂Xp hsc ImØncn°pw. "ImtXmen°mawKf' Km\-

Ønse Ahkm\hcnbnep≈ "s\Sp\mƒ,' "s\Sp\mƒ,' "s\Sp\mƒ'

F∂ ]Zhpw ssienbpw e`n°p∂Xn\mbn aq∂p Znhkw ImØncp∂p.

Bcm[\mKm\ßfn¬, G‰hpw kmlnXy`wKnbn¬ ]cn`mj \n¿h-

ln®ncn°p∂Xv "hnhml ipiqj'bnse Km\ßfmWv. a\ n¬ \n∂p

Xmfw apdnbmsX \n¬°p∂ aq∂p Km\ßƒ CXnep≠v.

1. ]XnhXbmw ]cn]mh\k`sb....

2. D]aIfm¬ ˛ t«aq≥ sNm∂mt\hw....

3. GZ≥tXm´w \t´ms\!....

_“Nmcnbmb F\n°v irwKmc ck][m\amb Cu hcnIƒ

Fßs\ km[n®p F∂p ]ecpw tNmZn®n´p≠v.''

Bcm[\mKm\ßfn¬ i≤n®Xv k¿§mflIcN\Isf XS -

s∏SpØnbnt√?

""Bcm[\mIaßƒ X¿÷a sNøp∂Xn¬ ]q¿Ækabw i≤n-

®Xn\m¬ kmlnXycwKØv A[nIsam∂pw kw`mh\ \evIphm≥

Ign™n√. ae¶ck`bnse Bcm[\mKoXßƒ kmlnXya[pcam°n-

Øo¿°phm≥ Ign™Xn¬ NmcnXm¿∞yap≠v. CXn¬ k¿§mflI-

Xbns√∂p ]dbphm≥ ]‰ptam? ae¶ck`tbmSp≈ kvt\lhpw ka-

¿∏WhpamWp CXp km≤yam°nbXv.''

Bcm[\mcoXnIƒ Imem\pkrXw ]cnjv°cnt°t≠?

""]cnjv°cn°Ww. CXp s]s´∂p km[yamsb∂p hcn√. X\Xmb

]m¿∞\Ifpw KoXßfpw D≠mIWw. k` AXn\p ap≥ssI FSp-

°Ww. ZmhnUhrØßƒ sIm≠v Bcm[\mKm\ßsf `mcX-


hXv°cn°Ww. Km\ßƒ F√mw tN¿∂tXmsS, "Bcm[\'bv°v

ssZ¿Lytadn. Zo¿Lamb Bcm[\bn¬ BZntbmS¥w ]¶ptNcphm≥

hnizmknIƒ°p aSnbmWv. F¥n\p "temIw Xs∂ [rXn' \nd™Xm-

Ip∂t√m!''

ae¶ck`bn¬ C∂p]tbmKn°p∂ F√m Bcm[\mIaßfpw ae-

bmfamsW¶nepw ¢njvSßfmb ]ZLS\bpw k¶o¿Æ hmIyßfpw

sIm≠v "Bibhn\nabsØ' XS s∏SpØp∂hbmWv. KZyØnep≈

]m¿∞\Iƒ an°Xpw ]`mjWcq]Ønep≈ Zo¿Lamb BJym\-

ßfmWv. ‡nkwh¿≤Ihpw hy‡nIsf BI¿jn°p∂Xpamb cN-

\mssienb√ Bcm[\Iaßfn¬ kzoIcn®ncn°p∂Xv. AXn\m¬

hnizmknIƒ CØcw Zo¿Lamb ]m¿∞\Ifn¬ \n∂p am\knI-

ambn AIep∂p.

X¿÷abpsS amlmflyw

]m¿∞\Iƒ Km\cq]ØnemIptºmƒ Ipsd°qSn BI¿jIam-

Ip∂p. Bcm[\bnep≈ ]¶mfnØw kPohamIp∂p. "ipjv°hpw

hnckhpw' kpdnbm\nbnep≈Xpamb Bcm[\sb Xmfebßƒ°p

hyXymkw hcpØmsX aebmfØnte°p ]cn`mjs∏SpØnbt∏mƒ,

]¶mfnØw Ipsd°qSn kPohambn. kpdnbm\nbn¬ Hcp KoXw F´p

"cmK' Øn¬ (\ndw) ]mSphm≥ Ignbp∂Xpt]mse aebmfØnem°nb

Km\ßfpw F´p cmKØn¬ ]mSphm≥ Ignbp∂p. kpdnbm\n Km\ßƒ

aebmfoIcn®t∏mƒ A¿∞Kmwòcyhpw ]mkssienbpw lrZbmh¿-

÷Iamb coXnbn¬ IaoIcn®XmWp kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS X¿÷a-

bpsS amlmflyw. hnhn[ "amX'Ifn¬ FgpXnbn´p≈ hcnIƒ AtX

amXbn¬ mjm¥cs∏SpØphm≥ kn. ]n. Nm≠n°p Ign™p. mjm-

]mfinXyhpw ]tbmK]mShhpw, ss\k¿§nI kn≤nbpw CØcw

`mjm¥cØn\v BhiyamWv.

I≠Øn¬ h¿§okv am∏nfbpw, sIm´mcØn¬ i¶pÆnbpw, Ip¿-

_m\IaØnse Nne ]m´pIƒ ]cn`mjs∏SpØnbn´p≠v. F∂m¬

_m°nbp≈ F√m Km\ßfpw ]cn`mjs∏SpØnbXv shÆn°pfw kn.

]n. Nm≠nbmWv. Bib`ZXbpw, kmlnXy`wKnbpw X¿÷abn¬

]^p√am°phm≥ t_m[]q¿∆w ian®n´p≠v.

]ikvX Ihn sNΩ\w Nmt°m, kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS IhnXIƒ

A]KY\w sNøp∂p:

"kpdnbm\nbnse CuWØn\\pkcn®v' "\ndw amdn sNm√phm≥'


km[n°p∂ a‰p aebmf]Zßƒ ktΩfn∏n°phm≥ kpdnbm\n

`mjm⁄m\w kn. ]n. Nm≠nsb klmbn°p∂p. kpdnbm\n `mj-

bnepw amXr`mjbnepw ]mfinXyhpw H∏w IhnXzhpap≈h¿t° Ch-

sb√mw km[n°q.'

ImhycN\bn¬ kn. ]n. Nm≠n _lpapJ ]Xn`bmWv. kzXkn≤-

amb cN\mX¥ßfmWv kzoIcn®ncn°p∂Xv. B≤ymflnIXbpsS

hnip≤nbpw tbmKmflIXbn¬ \n∂p≈ IcpØpw Dƒs°m≠v "AI-

hpw ]pdhpw sh◊ \nd™' a\ pambn ImhytemIØv GI\mbn

k©cn®p. "anXhpw kmchpamb' ssienbmWp "Nm≠n°hnX'IfpsS

Aflmhv. ITn\]ZßfpsS [mcmfnØhpw kpdnbm\n ˛ kwkvIrX

]ZßfpsS k∂nthihpw X¿÷asb Nnet∏msgms° k¶o¿Æam-

°p∂p≠v.

_mekmlnXyw, Io¿Ø\ßƒ F∂o taJeIfnepw kn. ]n.

Nm≠n°p kw`mh\ \¬Iphm≥ Ign™p. "X¿÷a°mc≥' F∂m-

t£]n®h¿°p "IhnXzw' ImWn°phm≥ FgpXnbXmWp "InkvXob

`P\ Io¿Ø\w.' \nch[n t\gvkdn°hnXIfpw cNn®n´p≠v.

kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS _mekmlnXy cN\sb°pdn®v tUm: kmap-

th¬ Nµ\∏≈n: ""aebmfØnse _mekmlnXyimJ C∂pw _meym-

hÿsb XcWw sNbvXnń√. k¿§mflI kmlnXyimJIfn¬ khy-

kmNnXzahImis∏Sp∂ htcWy kmlnXyImc∑mcn¬ ]ecpw Cu

thZnbn¬ ASn]Xdn hogmdp≠v. _mea\ pIfpsS teme`mh\IfpsS

\ndhpw \ngepw \nXm¥PmKXtbmsS A\pk‘m\w sNøp∂

A\p`h kº∂cpw BNmcyXpeycpamb hy‡nIƒ°p amXta Cu

cwKØv kzIobapZ ]Xn°m\mhq. CXnhrØmZm\Ønepw ]Zm\-

Ønepw A]q¿hXbpsS kph¿ÆtcWp°ƒ ]pc≠ncn°Ww. D]-

tbmKn°p∂ hm°pIfpsS DPzeXbpw DZmØXbpw iniplrZbØn¬

DW¿Øn hnSp∂ Bib ]]©sØ°pdn®v Aht_m[ap≈h\m-

bncn°Ww _mekmlnXyImc≥. IpdpsamgnIfpsS I¿Ømhmb

shÆn°pfw kn. ]n. Nm≠n ImhytemIØntem, _mekmlnXy cN\-

bntem \hmKX\√. Im¬ iXm_vZ°mesØ Imhym\pioe\ ]mcº-

cyØns‚ DSabmWv At±lw.

hfsc Nn¥n®v hfsc Ipd®v FgpXp∂ IhnbmWv kn. ]n. Nm≠n.

]qhnt\mSpw ]qacØnt\mSpw, IpcphntbmSpw Ipdpap√tbmSpw Ipiew

tNmZn®v In∂mcw ]dbp∂ Ipcp∂p `mh\IfpsS NnXßƒ AXoh

lrZyamWv. ]ZßfpsS ]mZkzcapW¿ØnhnSp∂ Xmfhpw ebhpw


IpńIfpsS lrZbØn¬ ]XnbpI Xs∂ sNøpw. tZiob kwkv°mc-

[mcbpambn kmflyw ]m]n°p∂hbmWp ]m´pIfn¬ ]eXpw. tIcf-

Øns‚ NcnXhpw kwkv°mchpw EXpt`Zßfpw aebmfØns‚ al-

Xzhpw F√m ]m´pIfnepw hn\ykn°phm≥ hnkvacn®nń√. tIcf

alna, Xdhm´Ω F∂o ]m´pIƒ AXn\v DZmlcWßfmbn Nq≠n-

°m´mw.

hnt\mZØneqsS hn⁄m\hpw NncnbneqsS Nn¥bpw hmcnhnX-

dp∂p≠v Ihn. ]mńeqsS F√mw ]mńem°m≥ ian°p∂ IpńIfpw,

KXIme ssiihmhÿbpsS DZmccaWobm¥co£Ønte°v

HfnIÆn´p t\m°m\mKln°p∂ apXn¿∂hcpw, ]nt©ma\Iƒ°v

]mńeqsS ]mTßƒ ]d™psImSp°p∂ ]o˛ss]adn Sot®gvkpw

IpdpsamgnIƒ kzoIcn°mXncn°n√.''

kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS PohnXsØ°pdn®v 1985˛¬ sNΩ\w Nmt°m:

"k`bv°pth≠n ka¿∏n°s∏´ PohnXamWp kn. ]n. Nm≠nbp-

tSXv. Krlÿmiaw t]mepw ths≠∂p h®p k`bpsS Bcm[\m-

KoXßƒ cNn-°p-∂-Xn¬... NmcnXm¿∞yw Is≠Øn apt∂m´p t]mbn.

At±lw k`bv°p th≠n sNbvXn´p≈ al\ob tkh\Øn\p X°

kao]\w k`bpsS ]£Øp\n∂p kn. ]n. Nm≠ntbmSp≠mbn´pt≠m

F∂p Rm≥ kwi-bn-°p∂p.'

GI≥, GIm¥≥

k¿§i‡n apgph≥ k`bv°mbn ka¿∏n® kn. ]n. Nm≠n Bcm-

[\m kmlnXysØ [\yam°n, tijvTam°n. kmlnXyØn¬ i≤n-

®ncps∂¶n¬ "Nm≠n°hnXIƒ' Fs∂mcp kw⁄ Xs∂ cq]s∏Sp-

ambncp∂p. \n¿`mKysa∂p ]dbs´, B k¿§h√`s\ "k`mIhn'

B°nØo¿Øp. aebmf kmlnXyØn\p Aaqeyamb kw`mh\If¿-

∏n°phm≥ X° k¿§mflIXbm¬ \nd™p\n∂ kn. ]n. Nm≠nsb

k`bpsS aXn¬s°ń\p≈nem°n k¿§mflIX

Ids∂Sp°pIbmbncp∂p. ]nXm°∑m¿ alØz-

csa∂p hntijn∏n® "k`mIhn ]´Xzw' Xs∂

kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS k¿§hym]mcsØ apdnth¬-

∏n®p. AXv kmlnXy Xdhmń¬ GI\mbn,

GIm¥\mbn bmX sNøphm\nSbm°n.

˛ ^m. tPm¨ tXmakv Icnßmń¬


7k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠n

Imhy]]©Ønse

]Pm]Xn

Fs‚ XeapdbpsS KpcphmWv kn. ]n. Nm≠n km¿. ¢m papdnbn¬

Nm≠n km¿ Fs∂ ]Tn∏n®nń√. F∂m¬ ]Ø\wXn´ ImtXment°‰v

tImfPn¬, 1958˛¬ ]o bqWnthgvkn‰n hnZym¿∞nbmbn tN¿∂t∏mƒ

t_kn¬ ZbdmwKambncp∂ At±lhpambn D‰_‘w ]pe¿Øphm≥

CSh∂p. kulrZw ]pe¿Ønb kmbwImeßfnepw kvt\lw

]I¿∂ ]IepIfnepw KpcpapJØp \n∂p ]eXpw tIƒ°phm\pw

a\ nem°phm\pw km[n®p. C∂pw AXv a[ptcmZmcamb Hm¿Ω-

Ifmbn a\ ns‚ aSnØń¬ \n[n t]mse \nesIm≈p∂p. B Hm¿-

ΩIƒ°v ]p\¿P∑w \¬Iphm≥ Cu ktΩf\w \nanØambn.

AXmWv kt¥mjØn\v Hcp ImcWw. 1962˛¬ ]Ø\wXn´ ImtXm-

ent°‰v tImfPn¬ A≤ym]I\mbn Rm≥ tPmenbn¬ ]thin®

Imew. Nm≠nkm¿, Nnet∏mƒ aebmfw hIp∏v kµ¿in®ncp∂p. Ahn-

sSbp≈ A]q¿h KŸßƒ ]cntim[n°pI, Ipdn∏pIsfSp°pI

At±lØn\v ]nbwIcamb hnjbßfmbncp∂p. AØcw kµ¿`-

ßfn¬, A≤ym]Icmb Rßƒ Nm≠nkmdnt\mSv A¿∞KlW-

Øn\v hgßmØ Nne ITn\]ZßfpsSbpw ¢njvS]tbmKßfpsSbpw

A¿∞hpw Bibhpw hniZoIcn®p Xcm≥ Bhiys∏ńcp∂p. \n»-

_vZ\mbn Aev]t\cw Ccp∂n´v, ]ZØns‚ hnKlw, A¿∞w, kmc-

kyw, F∂p th≠, Ihn B ]Zap]tbmKn®t∏mƒ Dt±in®ncp∂

A¿∞Xeßƒ apgph≥ A\mbmkambn CgXncn®v, ImWn®pX∂

IuXpIIcamb cwKßƒ C∂pw Hm¿Ωbnep≠v. Hcp Ihn°p amXta

Hcp IhnbpsS lrZbw Adnbm≥ Ignbq F∂ sNm√v FXtbm hmkvX-

hsa∂v hy‡am°nØ∂ \nanjßƒ.

Nm≠nkmdns‚ hy‡nXzØn¬ c≠p kwkv°mcßfpsS kzm[o\-

ap≠v. H∂v Bflob kwkv°mcw. ]nXmhv thZ]pkvXIØns‚ \ngepw

s]mcpfpw Dƒs°m≠ncp∂ shÆn°pfw N°me°pt∂¬ nent∏mkv

D]tZin. amXmhv \ncWØv a´bv°¬ ]tXmkv IØ\mcpsS ]pXn

dnt_°m. Hcm≤ymflnI PohnXho£Ww sXcs™Sp°m≥ Cu

]›mØew D]Icn®ns√¶nte A¤pXs∏tS≠q.


kmbwk‘yIfnse thZ]pkvXI ]mcmbWhpw,

Io¿Ø\mem]hpw, cmXnbpsS GIm¥XIfnse bma]m¿∞\Ifpw

Nm≠nkmdns‚ Cfwa\ n¬ amXa√, ]nev°meØv CcpØwh∂

a\ nepw kuaymZmcNn¥Iƒ°v hgnsbmcp°n. as‰m∂v, kmlnXy

kwkv°mcamWv. ssIkvXh¿ amXa√, `mcXob¿ t]mepw,

kmlnXytemIØv A\izccmbn XocWsa¶n¬ kwkvIrX`mj

]Tnt® aXnbmIpsh∂pw Nm≠nkm¿ ZrVambn hnizkn®ncp∂p. CtX

Nn¥mKXn°mc\mbncp∂p dmhpkmln_v H. Fw. sNdnbm\pw.

kwkvIrX`mjbpw kmlnXyhpamWv `mcXØnse ]mtZinI

`mjIsf ]meqńhf¿ØnbsX∂v kzImcy kw`mjWßfn¬

]et∏mgpw At±lw Nq≠n°mńbncp∂p. AXpsIm≠v tZiob

kwkv°mc[mcbn¬ kmflyw ]m]n°Wsa¶n¬, Hcp ]Zw sX‰p IqSm-

sX D]tbmKn°Wsa¶n¬ "kwkvIrX lnaKncn'bnte°p Xo¿∞m-

S\w \SØWsa∂v Cu `mjmkvt\ln hnizkn®ncp∂psh¶n¬

F¥mWv sX‰v? D]Poh\Øns‚ D]m[nsb∂ \nebn¬ kmlnXy

hnimcZpw, imkvXn ]co£bpw ]m mb Nm≠nkm¿, kwkvIrX-

`mjbn¬ D]cn]T\w \SØm≥, ]Ø\wXn´ Pn√bnse X´bn¬

KmaØnse Ip‰nbm\n∏pdØv C√Ønse ]ctaizc≥ \ºqXncnbpsS

injyXzw kzoIcn®v \SØnb ]T\bmXIfpsS ckIcamb IYIƒ

Nm≠nkm¿ ]et∏mgpw Ft∂mSp ]d™n´p≠v. Hcp Imcyw hy‡am-

°m\mWv, CXbpw hniZoIcn®Xv. mjm]T\w Nm≠nkmdns\ kw_-

‘n®nStØmfw Hcp X]kybmbncp∂p.

`mjmimkvXw Hcp imkvXamWv. bp‡nt_m[hpw, A]KY\

kma¿∞yhpw, A]q¿hXbpsS imZze `qanIƒ tXSnt∏mIm\p≈

BflZmlhpap≈ hy‡nIƒ°p amXta, ChnsS ]nSn®p\nev°m≥

Ignbq. [ym\Øn\pw a\\Øn\pw ]m[m\yw \¬Inbncp∂, Zbdm

PohnXØns‚ kwip≤ ]mXbneqsS \oßnbncp∂ Nm≠nkmdn\v

`mjm]T\w PohnX kmbm”Ønepw Kuchap≈ Hcp hnjbamWv.

kwkvIrXhpw, aebmfhpw, Cw•ojpw amXa√, Cu `mjmkvt\ln

kzmbØam°nbncp∂Xv. Xangpw, sXep¶pw, I¿ÆmSIhpw, Xpfphpw

F∂pth≠ ZmhnU tKmXØnse en]nIfp≈ kIe mjIfpsSbpw

A£came ]Tn®Xn\ptijw, B mjIfn¬ ss__nfn\p h∂n´p≈

hnh¿Ø\ßƒ hcpØn hmbn®v `mjm]cnioe\w t\Snbncp∂

Nm≠nkmdns\ Rm≥ t\cn¬ I≠n´p≠v. mj ]Tn°phm≥ s…bn‰pw

I√ps]≥knepw Cu Kpcp D]tbmKn®ncp∂p. At±lØns‚ apdnbn¬

A\y¿°p ]thi\an√. hmXnen¬ apńbm¬ "sbkv' F∂p

]dbpIbpw, hmXn¬ Xpd∂p ]pdtØ°v CdßpIbpw apdn ASbv°p-


Ibpw H∂n®p \S°pw. B apdnbv°p≈n¬ Hcn°¬ tIdnb F\n°v

Fs¥¥p ]pkvXIßƒ ImWm≥ Ign™p. ]pXnb mjbpsS en]n-

Iƒ FgpXn t\m°nb ISemkp IjWßƒ, A]q¿h KŸßƒ.

Ahsbms° C∂v FhnsSt∏mbn?

t_kn¬ Aca\bpsSbpw, Nm∏ens‚bpw Np‰ph´Øp IqSn kZm-

kabhpw `qanbnte°p t\m°n \S°p∂ Nm≠n kmdns\ \nßƒ

I≠ncn°pw. ]eh´w Nm∏en\v Np‰pw At±lw \Ss∂∂ncn°pw.

kpt_m[tØmSmWv B \S∏v. GtXm Hcp IhnXbpsS CucSnbpsS

Cu‰pt\mhv A\p`hn®psIm≠mWv B \SØw. B Zn\ßfn¬, Rm\-

t±lsØ ImWptºmƒ, FgpXnb hcnIƒ sNm√n tIƒ∏n°pw. Nm≠n

kmdn\v Imhym\p`qXn e`n®p Ign™m¬ F√m FgpØpImscbpw

t]mse AkzÿXbmWv. AXv hmMvab icocsaSpØp Ignbptºmtg

kzÿX e`n°q. At±lØns‚ ]cpae Xncpta\n, IpdpsamgnIƒ

F∂o ImhyßfpsS cN\bpsS ]n∂n¬ Fs‚ \nc¥camb t]cW-

bps≠∂v km`nam\w ]dbs´. ]cpaebn¬ ]m¿∞\bv°pw, D]hmk-

Øn\pw, [ym\Øn\pw hcp∂h¿°v im¥ambn ]mSphm\pw Ahcdn-

bmsX Xs∂ ]. ]cpae Xncpta\nbpsS [\yamb PohnXw Bflmwi-

am°n am‰phm\pw, D]Icn°p∂ Hcp ImhyKŸw cNn°Wsa∂v At±-

ltØmSv \n¿t±in°pIbp≠mbn. Imk‰v Km\ßfpsS ]fbØn¬

]cpae Xncpta\nbpsS kzXzw \jvSs∏Sp∂Xp I≠t∏mgmWv, Cu

Nn¥ Fs‚ a\ n¬ h∂Xv. Nm≠nkm¿ kmhImiw ImhycN\bn¬

apgpIn. FgpXnØocp∂ hcnIƒ At±lw Nnet∏msgms° hmbn®p

tIƒ∏n°pw. XnI™ ¢m nIv ]mcºcyØn¬ hrØ\n_≤ ssien-

bn¬ cNn®ncn°p∂ B ImhyØn¬, HcnSØv ¢mknIv IhnIsf-

t∏mse "kn. ]n. Nm≠n' F∂ t]cv hcnIƒ°p≈n¬ wKnbmbn k∂n-

thin∏n®n´p≠v.

Ipń°hnXIfpsS cN\bnemWv kn. ]n. Nm≠n kmdns‚ cN\m-

ssh`hw IqSpX¬ ]ISamIpI. _me∑mcpsS temea\ nte°v

A\mbmkandßns®√m≥ At±lØn\p Ign™ncp∂p. "Ipdpsamgn-

Iƒ' Fs‚ Bhiy]Imcw cNn®XmWv. AXv BZyambn ]kn≤o-

Icn®Xpw Rm≥ Xs∂. aebmf _mekmlnXy NcnXsagpXp∂h¿°v

kn. ]n. Nm≠n kmdns‚ Cu IrXn hnkvacn°m\mhn√. AX I≠v

DZmØhpw, D÷zehpamWv B Ipń°hnXIƒ. ÿe\maßƒ Iqń-

t®¿Øv ImhycN\ \SØpI amXa√, AXv IpńIƒ°pw apXn¿∂-

h¿°pw sNm√Ø°hn[Øn¬ ]Zkwhn[m\w \n¿hln°phm\pw, kn.

]n. Nm≠n kmdn\v Ign™ncp∂p (Xpºa¨ `Zmk\Ønse kIe


]≈nIfpsSbpw ÿe\maßƒ Iqńt®¿Øv, Nm≠nkm¿ cNn®ncn-

°p∂ IhnX FX t]¿ I≠n´p≠v?).

aebmf kmlnXyØnse Io¿Ø\ imJbnemWv Nm≠nkm¿ F∂

FgpØpImcs‚ ÿm\w. Io¿Ø\ßƒ CuizckvXpXnIfmWv.

`‡\mb IhnbpsS a\ p \ndsb Cuizc≥ \nd™p \nev°p∂p.

]q¥m\hpw, FgpØ—\psams° CØcw kvXpXn∏pIƒ \SØnbn-

´p≠v. `KhXv\ma ]cymbßƒ tIm¿ØnW°n ]qamebWnbn°p∂

DZmØ \nanjßfmWh. Nm≠nkmdns‚ _meyØnepw IuamcØn-

epw bu∆\Ønepw hm¿≤Iymhÿbnepw ssZhhpw ssZh]pX\mb

tbiphpambncp∂p hgnbpw kXyhpw shfn®hpw Bbn \n∂Xv.

X∑qew At±lw, ssZhsØ°pdn®pw, tbiphns‚ PohnXsØ°p-

dn®pw FgpXn FgpXn, ]mSn∏mSn BXva\n¿hrXnbS™p. ss__n-

fnse ]gb˛]pXnb\nba IYIƒ kwKln®v 51 t«mIßfnehXcn-

∏n®ncn°p∂ `P\Io¿Ø\sa∂ Imhyw ImWpI. ]uckvXy kpdn-

bm\n `mjmkmlnXyw AXn\p hgnImńbmbn. kzk`bpsS Bcm-

[\m kmlnXysØ kº∂am°m≥, Io¿Ø\kmlnXyØns‚

NphSp ]nSn®v kpdnbm\nbn¬ \n∂pw Io¿Ø\ßƒ aebmfØnem°n.

AXns‚ sshtZinI®phsb emLhs∏SpØn aebmfØns‚ am[p-

cyhpw shfn®hpw \¬In. ChnsS Hcp Imcyw Hm¿°Ww. kpdnbm\n

]Tn®Xp sImt≠m, hnh¿Ø\ ]Inb hiambncp∂XpsImt≠m

Hcmƒ°v Io¿Ø\ßƒ cNn°m\mhn√. ASnÿm\]cambn Abmƒ

Hcp Ihnbmbncn°Ww. F¶nte Imhym\p`qXnbpsS kph¿Æ tcWp-

°ƒ ]pc≠ CucSn cNn°m\mhq. Nm≠nkmdn\v D`b`mjm ]mfin-

Xyw amXa√, IhnXzkn≤n IqSn kzmbØambncp∂p. auenIambn

At±lw Ihnbmbncp∂p. AXpsIm≠mWv, Bcm[\mkmlnXyØn¬

At±lw cNn® "Io¿Ø\ßfpw hnh¿Ø\ßfpw' A\izcßfmbn-

Øo¿∂Xv. ae¶ck`bn¬ Nm≠n kmdnt\°mfpw kpdnbm\n `mjm

]mfinXyap≈h¿ D≠mbncn°mw. ]t£ AhcpsS X¿PaIƒ ]e-

t∏mgpw \mhn\p hgßns°mSp°n√. "DW° KZy'Øns‚ Ahÿbn-

te°v Ah hgpXn hogp∂p. Cu ]›mØeØnemWv Nm≠n kmdns‚

hnh¿Ø\ ]Inb «mL\obambnØocp∂Xv.

kwkvIrXØn¬ ]kn≤amb Hcp sNm√p≠v: "Ejnb√mØh≥

Ihnb√' F∂¿∞w hcØ°hn[Øn¬. EjnbpsS GImKa\ pw,

ANpw_nXmibhpw BWv ChnsS kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. Nm≠nkm¿ Ejn-

Xpeyamb PohnXw \bn® hy‡nbmWv. At±lw Ejnbmbncp∂p.

Zbdmhmkn Ejnb√msX ]n∂mcmWv? Cu EjnXpeyPohnXw Bbn-


cn°mw At±lØnse Ihnsb DW¿ØnbXv, \h\thmt∑jimen-

bmb ]Xn`bpsS DSabm°nØo¿ØXv.

as‰mcp Imcyw IqSn ChnsS Hm¿Øncn°p∂Xv \∂v. qanbn¬ P\n-

°p∂hsc√mw IhnItfm, FgpØpImtcm BbnØocp∂n√. \Kc-

Ønembmepw KmaØnembmepw, Ah¿ Hcp \yq\]£w amXw.

At∏mƒ Ft¥m Nne ]tXyIXItfmSp IqSn `qanbn¬, AhXmc

]pcpj∑msct∏mse h∂p ]nd°p∂hcmWv k¿§[\∑mcmb Ihn-

Iƒ. Ah¿ A]mcamb Imhy]]©Ønse ]Pm]XnIfmWv. Ccp-

]Xmw \q‰m≠nse ae¶c Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`bnse Bcm[\m

kmlnXy ]]©Ønse ]Pm]XnbmWv kn. ]n. Nm≠n km¿. k`bpw,

Bcm[\bpw, Bcm[\mkmlnXyhpw D≈nStØmfw Imew, B¿°v

At±lsØ hnkvacn°m≥ Ignbpw?

aebmf kmlnXyØnse ¢mknkw, sdmam‚nIv ]ÿm\Øn\v

hgnamdns°mSpØ ImeL´ØnemWv kn. ]n. Nm≠nkm¿ ImhycN-

\bn¬ apgpIp∂Xv. k`m kmlnXycN\bn¬ \n∂pw ]n∑mdn, aebmf

IhnXbpsS s]mXp[mcbnte°v Cdßns®∂ncp∂psh¶n¬, Nne-

t∏mƒ At±lØn\v it≤b\mb IhnbmbnØocmambncp∂p. AXn\p

X° ]Xn`bpw, hypev]Ønbpw, ImhykzXzhpw At±lØn\p≠m-

bncp∂p. F∂m¬ GtXm Hcp ssZh\ntbmKw t]mse, Bflm¿∏W

a\t mSpIqSn, "kmlnXyØneqsS kphntijoIcWw' F∂ ZuXyw

ê]Zambn \n¿hln°m\mWv Nm≠nkm¿ Xocpam\n®Xv. AXv ae-

¶ck`bv°v t\ámbn. B t\´sØ, Adn™mZcn°phm≥ ]cnip≤

amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm Fgps∂≈nbXv DNnXambn. F¨]Xp

Ign™ _mhm Xncpta\n F¨]Xp ]n∂n´ Nm≠n kmdns\ s]m∂mS

Nm¿Øn kvt\lNpw_\w \¬In, "k`mXmcw' F∂ _lpaXn \¬In

BZcn® Cu kph¿Æ\nanjØn\p km£nbmIm≥ km[n®Xn¬

Rm≥ kt¥mjn°p∂p. "k`mIhnbmb kn. ]n. Nm≠n' k`mXmcambn

PohnXkmbm”Øn¬ At\I¿°p am¿§Zo]ambn \nev°s´. Hscgp-

ØpImcs\∂ \nebn¬, kn. ]n. Nm≠n kmdn\v e`n® AwKoImchpw,

BZchpw B cwKtØ°v IS∂phcp∂h¿°v ]tNmZ\ambnØocs´.

"Nm≠n' \maa√, InbbmsW∂v ckIcambn ]dbmdp≈ Nm≠n kmdn-

s‚ PohnXw Inbm\ncXambnØocs´. F√mhn[amb `mhpIßfpw

t\¿∂psIm≠v Rms\s‚ hm°pIƒ°v hncmaanSp∂p.

("ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kz¿§ob In∂cw' BZy ]Xn-∏ns‚ -]-Im-i-\-th-f-

bn¬ tUm. kmap-h¬ Nµ-\-∏≈n sNbvX ]kw-Kw)


InkvXob `P\Io¿Ø\w

ssIkvXhaXØns‚ ImXemb XXzßfpw Znhym\p`qXnIfpw

`mcXob Imhycq]ØneqsS AhXcn∏n°phm≥ kn. ]n. Nm≠n \S-

Ønb iaØns‚ êamWv "InkvXob `P\ Io¿Ø\w.'

tIcfØnse sslµh`h\ßfn¬, A¥nabßptºmƒ s]m¥n-

hcp∂ Io¿Ø\ßfpsS amXrIbnemWv ImhycN\. thfq¿ sIm∂-

bn¬ sIm®pIp™p ssd´dpsS "ssIkvXhthZNcnXw ap∏Øn\mep

hrØw' ssIkvXhIo¿Ø\ kmlnXyimJbn¬ P\Io¿Ø\Øn-

s‚ apt∂mSnbmWv. thZ]pkvXI ]cn⁄m\hpw, kwkv°mchpw

kzmwioIcn®n´p≈ Akm[mcW]XnÌƒ amXta Io¿Ø\kmln-

XyØn¬ A\izccmIpIbp≈p. kn. ]n. Nm≠n°v P∑kn≤ambn

e`n® Xme¥mWv ss__nƒ kwkv°mcw. shÆn°pfØv N°me°p-

t∂¬ ôent∏mkp]tZinbpsS ]pX\mbncp∂p At±lw. amXmhv

\ncWØv a´bv°¬ ]tXmkv IØ\mcpsS ]pXn dnt_°mbpw.

At∏mƒ CcphgnbneqsSbpw HgpInsbØnb thZkwkv°mcw, Ihn-

bpsS PohnXho£Ww sa\s™Sp°p∂Xn¬ kp][m\ ]¶p hln-

®n´p≠v. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂bt√ At±lw Zbdm PohnXw hcn®Xv.

]n∂oStßm´p≈Xv ka¿∏WØns‚ NcnXamWv. k`bpsS kXyhpw

k\mX\aqeyßfpw lrZnÿam°m\p≈ Ahniam≤zm\w. kzmb-

Øamb ssienbneqsS tZiob kwkv°mchpambn kmflyw ]m]n®v

"ImhythZn'bnte°v IS∂p. ]Tn®pw, IpńIsf ]Tn∏n®pw, t\Snsb-

SpØ Imhym\pioe\ ]mcºcysØ kw]pjvSam°n. ss__nƒ

]tabw Imhycq]Ønemhnjv°cn®p; eLp IhnXIfmbn. Ipsd°qSn

hnkvXrXamb Iym≥hmkn¬ ImhycN\bv°v apXn¿∂Xns‚ ]cn]Iz-

êamWv "`P\Io¿Ø\w.'

ss__nfnse ]gb ˛ ]pXnb \nbaIYIƒ kwKln®v 51 t«mI-

ßfneqsS `P\Io¿Ø\Øn¬ AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂p.

Imhymcw`Øn¬ hn\b]q¿∆w Ihn \SØp∂ ]m¿∞\ it≤b-

amWv:

"hnbØew hncn®p a∂ns\ a\™ XmXt\!

Zbm¿Z\mbv a\pjyP∑tas‰SpØ ]pXt\!

£tbm∑pJ¿°p Poht\InSp∂ ]mh\mflta

XntbIkXyssZhta, PKXv]tX, \tamkvXptX,

"a\pjyh¿§auenbmIpamZsa∂ XmXt\

at\m⁄amsbmtcZ\n¬ ]pe¿Øntbmctabt\!


k\mX\ ]Imiap‰ kz¿§`qhnbnep≈ ]q˛

h\Øn¬ Rm≥ hkn∏tXm PKXv]tX \tamkvXptX''

XotbI kXyssZhØns‚ Xr∏mZßfn¬ kvtXmXaecpIƒ A¿-

∏n°p∂ Ihn, ss__nfnse ]k‡`mKßƒ kwKln®v ]Xn]mZn-

°p∂p. ]Xn]mZyhkvXphpw Xm\pw H∂mbnØocp∂ A]q¿∆ kpµ-

c\nanjßƒ `P\Io¿Ø\Øn¬ ImWmw. Ctøm_ns\t∏mse,

Fs¥√mw ]Xnk‘nIfpw A`nk‘nIfpw PohnXØn¬ t\cn´mepw

PKXv]ZsØ hnkvacn°phmt\m hnSphmt\m Ihn Xømd√. "]cmP-

bs∏SmsØmcmfl hocytØmSv ssZhk∂n[nbnte°v \S∂p\oßp-

hm\mWv Ihn°p tamlw.' a\ p\ndsb PKXv]nXmhmWv. Ihn ]mSp-

∂Xv tIƒ°pI.

"Ic™pXr]vX\mIphm≥ inc p IÆp\ocn\m¬

\nd®ntSWsa∂ncΩnbmhnem]I≥

sImcpØ _mjv]_nµpame ImgvNh®p Rm≥ \a˛

kvIcn®nSp∂p Xr∏Zw PKXv]tX \tamkvXptX.

XSn® `qXk©bw s]mSn°paw_cmebw

shSn™ph∂p a¿Øytc hnS¿ØtZh\µ\m

ASns∏Sp∂ Zo\sc°S∂psN∂p Xmßphm≥

CSn®ntSWsa∑\w PKXv]tX \tamkvXptX!

]gb\nba IYm]mXßfmb t\ml, A_lmw, temØv, Ck-

lm°v, tami, Ctøm_v, cqØv, tPmk^v, iapth¬, ZmhoZv, tKmen-

bmØv, itemtam≥, Genb, Genim, tlmsibm, Giøm, bncΩy,

tbm\, slk°ntb¬, Zm\ntb¬, kJdnb XpSßnbhsc°pdn®p≈

kqN\Ifpw kqNnXIYIfpw H‰ t«mIØn¬ Dƒs°m≈n°p∂ Ihn,

BkzmZI\n¬ ]pXnsbmcp Imhymht_m[w P\n∏n°pI IqSn

sNøp∂p. hrØ\n_‘\Ifn¬ \n∂v hnap‡amImsX, Xmfebm\p-

kmcnbmbn `‡n hnXdn \n¬°p∂ IhnX BcpsSbpw Bflmhn¬

Aen™p tNcpw.

Ccp]Ønb©p t«mIßƒ sIm≠p ]gb\nba IYIfpsS ]p\cm-

Jym\w ]q¿Æam°nb Ihn, A\¥c`mKßfn¬ ]pXnb\nbaIY

ssIImcyw sNøp∂p. Xncp∏ndhnbpsS cwKw Ihn `mh\ ImWp∂Xv

Cßs\bmWv:

"Infp∂p Im¬Icßsf°pS™p t_Xvetlw arK˛

ØfØneßp ss]XembvInS∂sXs¥mc¤pXw

Npfpßn\n∂p hm\tk\tXcnte¥nSp∂h≥


shfn®ta, hn\oXt\, PKXv]tX, \tamkvXptX

If¶a‰ PohnXw \bn®pImńemSns\

hf¿ØntbmcW™p Xr∏nd∏nesß hmgvØphm≥

]fp¶ns\mØ am\kw hln°pthm¿°p tZhs\

sØfn™p Xs∂ I≠nSmw PKXv]tX \tamkvXptX!

"]co£nX¿°p c£bpw _p`p£nX¿°p `£yhpw acn®h¿°p

Poh\pw' sImSp°phm≥ "ZcnZcn¬ ZcnZ\mbv Ncn®' Zm\Xev]c\mb

kZvKpcphns‚ apºn¬ \ainckv°\mbn \n∂psIm≠p Ihn ]mSp-

tºmƒ, AtX A\p`hw ImhymkzmZI\pw D≠mIp∂p.

kZvImhyw kZvhnImcßƒ BkzmZIlrZbØn¬ A`nkwIan∏n-

°p∂p. Imhyw hmbn®p Xocptºmƒ Ft¥m Hcp ZuXyw \n¿∆ln°m-

\ps≠∂p≈ t_m[w \Ωn¬ P\n∏n°p∂ `P\Io¿Ø\w `‡nbp-

tSbpw ap‡nbptSbpw kz¿§IhmSw Xpd°m\p≈ kz¿ÆØmt°m-

emWv. kz¿§obm\p`qXn°p hnt[b\mIp∂ ImhymkzmZI≥ kZzm¿-

Ø kIeP\tØbpw Adnbn°phm≥ ]Xn_≤\mWv. P\Io¿Ø\

I¿Ømhns‚ e£yhpw as‰m∂√. Imhymhkm\w Cu ktµiw

hfsc at\mlcambn Ihn AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂p:

""aloXeØnseßpsa≥ kphm¿Ø sNm√ns\∂p

sNm∂nlØn¬ \n∂p hm\nte°pb¿∂ tZh\µ\m

Al¿∂niw Pzen°papƒØStØmSn ]hrØn \n¿˛

hln°psa∂p Rm≥ apZm PKXv]tX \tamkvXptX!''

˛ tUm. kmaph¬ Nµ\∏≈n

k`m-I-hnbpw

A£-c-ß-fpsS

AP-]m-e-I\pw


8s]m∂mSbn¬ s]mXn™

"k`mXmc' ]pckvImcw

anYp\ag s]mgns™mgn™ kmbm”w. "k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠n

ae¶ck`bpsS kz¿§ob In∂cw' F∂ NmcpX \nd™ PohNcnX

KŸØns‚ ]Imi\hpw A∂v (1997 Pq¨ 29) k`bmIp∂ \oe\n¿-

ΩemImiØn¬ DZbw sNbvX "k`mXmcw' Ahm¿Uv e`n® Ihnsb,

aµkvanXm¿Zamb kvt\lmiwkItfmsS BenwK\w sNbvXv, k`m-

≤y£\mb ]. _t entbmkv am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv ZznXob≥

ImtXmen°m_mhm s]m∂mSbWnbn®p [\y\m°nb kw`hhpw, hc-

samgnbneqsSbpw ImadbpsS IÆneqsSbpw H∏nsbSpØv AhXcn∏n-

°p∂Xn¬ A\ev]amb B\µap≠v.

]Ø\wXn´ sk‚ v Ão^≥kv IØoUense kz¿§ob ]cnthjw

Nm¿Ønb A\¿L \nanjßƒ°p km£yw hln°ms\ØmXncp-

∂hcpw A£c hntcm[nIf√mØhcpamb \√ k`mkvt\lnIƒ°p

hmbn®dnbm\pw ImWm\pamWnXv. AhnkvacWobhpw A\hZykp-

µchpw Bfll¿jZmbIhpamb FX FX awKfcwKßƒ IS∂p-

t]mbn. kn. ]n. Nm≠n F∂ AùanI ]Xn`bn¬ Nm¿Ønb Bflob

]iwkm[z\nIƒ s]m∂mSbn¬ Xńbpw apńbpw apØnbpw k`bn-

epS\ofw A\pcW\ßƒ krjvSn®ncp∂p F¶n¬ F∂min°pI-

bmWv. A\p]aat\mlcamb B henb NSßns‚ sNdnb dnt∏m¿ń-

eqsS C\n ItÆmSn°pI.

^m. tUm. sI. F¬. amXyp sshZys‚ A≤y£Xbn¬ tN¿∂

ktΩf\Øn¬ IØoU¬ hnImcn m. sI. hn. kmaph¬ kzmKXw

Biwkn®p. XpS¿∂p ]pkvXI ]Imi\w \n¿hln°m\pw Nm≠nkm-

dns\ s]m∂mS AWnbn°phm\pw A`y¿∞n®psIm≠p sI. hn.

amΩ≥ sNbvX ]kwKØn¬ C]Imcw ]d™p:

k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS PohNcnXw Fs‚ amXr CShI-

bmb ]Ø\wXn´ sk‚ v Ão^≥kv IØoUen¬ h®v ]Imi\w

sNøp∂Xv, ]Ø\wXn´ At±lØns‚ apJy I¿Ωafiew Bbncp-

∂Xp sIm≠mWv. am°mwIp∂n¬ 1942 ¬ …o_mZmk\mbpw XpS¿∂p

ImtXment°‰v sslkv°qfn¬ ap∏Xn¬]cw h¿jw aebmfw ]fin-

‰mbpw tkh\w A\pjvTn® Nm≠nkm¿ ]Ø\wXn´bpsS `mKambn.


kmdns\ kw_‘n®v Cu ]pkvXIØn¬ tN¿Øn´p≈ C‚¿hyqhnse

Imcyßƒ B[nImcnIhpw H´pw AXnitbm‡n IecmØXpamWv.

"k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠n: ae¶ck`bpsS kz¿§ob In∂cw' F∂

]pkvXIw ]Imi\w sNøp∂Xn\pw Nm≠nkmdns\ s]m∂mS AWn-

bn°p∂Xn\pw At±lØn\p "k`mXmcw' Ahm¿Uv \¬Ip∂Xn\pw

ae¶ck`bpsS ]cam≤y£≥ ChnsS BKX\mbncn°p∂Xpw

k`bpsS kap∂X AwKoImcØns‚ Bflm¿∞amb ]XoIamWv.

]: _mhm Xncpta\n Hcp amkambn \√ kpJan√msX hnian°pIbm-

bncp∂p. F¶nepw Cu NSßn¬ kw_‘n°msa∂p t\csØ Dd∏p

\¬IpIbpw IrXykabØv FØpIbpw sNbvXXn\m¬ Rßƒ

Gsd [\ycmbn. ]. Xncpta\nsb C∂p \sΩ kw_‘n®nStØmfw

"C√nXn≥ aosX hncp∂pImc≥' F∂ Ihn hmIyw sIm≠p hntijn∏n-

°s´.

Nm≠nkmdns‚ XymK\n¿`camb k`mtkh\sØ∏‰n k`mwKß-

fn¬ ]e¿°pw th≠X Adnhn√; Ah¿ At±lw cNn® Km\ßƒ

\nXyhpw ]mSp∂ps≠¶nepw. F√m kµ¿`ßfnepw D]tbmKn°p∂

Bcm[\mKm\ßƒ Nm≠nkm¿ kpefnX]Zßfpw cpNncme¶mcß-

fpw k∂nthin∏n®p kpc`ne kpµcam°n. CXb[nIw B≤ymflnI

Km\ßƒ DXn¿Ø Cu kz¿§ob In∂csØ kz¿§ I\m\nte°p≈

bmXmat≤y Hmbmdn¬ ]Xnbncn°p∂ ZpjvSmflm°ƒ `b∂v Hcn-

°epw ]nSnIqSpIbns√∂p Xd∏n®p ]dbm\mhpw.

k`mwKßƒ°v Adn™pIqSmØ kpdnbm\n mjm ]tbmKßƒ

Bcm[\bn¬ \n∂p am‰Ww. \mw ChnsS P\n®p hf¿∂hcmWv.

ImeIaØn¬ kpdnbm\n, Bcm[\m mjbmbXp sIm≠mWp kpdn-

bm\n k`sb∂ t]cp InńbXv. _mdIvtam¿, Ipdntbembnt m≥

XpSßnb GXm\pw kpdnbm\n hm°pIƒ \ne\n¿Øns°m≠p

\ap°p Xr]vXns∏Smw. k`bpsS t]cv C¥y≥ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k`

F∂m°Ww. CXv ASpØ ae¶c Atkmkntbj≥ Ign™n´p aXn.

ImtXmen°mbpsS Iogn¬ A¿Ωo\nbmbnset∏mse GXm\pw ]mXn-

b¿°okpam¿ \ap°v D≠mIWw. B\bv°v AXns‚ i‡n Fs¥∂p

Adn™pIqSmØXpt]mse k`bn¬ ImtXmen°mbv°pw ae¶c

saXmt∏meoØmbv°pap≈ A[nImcßƒ \n oaamWv. AXp ]tbm-

Knt°≠ kµ¿àmWnXv.

Bcm[\m kmlnXyØnse Hcp henb a\pjy\mb Nm≠nkmdn-

s\∏‰nbp≈ RßfpsS Cu sNdnb ]pkvXIw ]. _mhm Xncpta\n,

Nm≠nkmdns‚ ktlmZc]pX\mb G_lmw kn. tXmakn\p


(tImbºØq¿) \¬In ]Imi\w sNøWsa∂pw k`bpsS kvt\l-

Øns‚ ]pX∏mb Cu s]m∂mS AWnbn°Wsa∂pw hn\btØmSpw

AXnep]cn kt¥mjtØmSpw Rm≥ A`y¿∞n°p∂p.

XpS¿∂p ]. _mhm sNbvX it≤bamb ]kwKØns‚ kwKl-

amWp NphsS tN¿°p∂Xv:

kn. ]n. Nm≠n: ae¶c k`mXmcw

ae¶ck`bn¬ Bcm[\mIaßƒ kpdnbm\nbn¬ Bbncp∂ Hcp

ImeLáp≠mbncp∂p. ]tXmkv am¿ HkvXmØntbmkv Xncpta\n

Ah aebmfØn¬ B°phm≥ Hcp iaw \SØn. Imew sNbvX

HutK≥ _mhm Xncpta\nbpw amXyqkv ]Ya≥ _mhm Xncpta\nbpw

Bcm[\mIaßƒ aebmfØnem°p∂Xn\v ]tXyI Xmev]cysa-

SpØp. Ah¿°v klmbnbmbncp∂ hy‡nbmWv k`mIhn kn. ]n.

Nm≠n.

HutK≥ _mhm Xncpta\n°v Bcm[\m mjbn¬ \√ ]mhoWy-

ap≠mbncp∂p. amXyqkv ]Ya≥ _mhm Xncpta\n kn. ]n. Nm≠nkmdn-

s\ th≠Xpt]mse D]tbmKn®p. IhnXbn¬ \√ sshinjvSyap≈

kn. ]n. Nm≠n hfsc s]s´∂v KZysØ IhnXbm°pambncp∂p.

IhnXbn¬ \√ ]mhoWyhpw kpµcamb Xamibpw AhXcn∏n-

°p∂Xn¬ hfsc \n]pW≥. efnXamb mjbmWv kn. ]n. Nm≠nbp-

tSXv. Bcm[\ aebmfØnem°n ae¶c k`mwKßsf k¥pjvScm-

°nØo¿Øp. aebmfØnte°v Bcm[\mKm\ßƒ ]cn`mjs∏Sp-

Øp∂Xn¬ AXoh PmKX ]pe¿Øn. lrZyhpw at\mlchpamb

`mjbn¬ Bcm[\sb kºpjvSam°nb kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS tkh\-

sØ k` \µn]q¿∆w Hm¿°p∂p. Bcm[\mKm\ßƒ Be]n°p-

tºmƒ, ‡n]q¿∆w sNm√ptºmƒ, kn. ]n. Nm≠n kmdns\bpw ]m¿-

∞\bn¬ Dƒs°m≈p∂p.

ae¶ck`bn¬ \£Xw t]mse ]Imin® kn. ]n. Nm≠n°v "ae-

¶c k`mXmcw' F∂ hntijWw Rm≥ \¬Ip∂p. A\pKl]Z-

amb injvSmbpkv ssZhw kn. ]n. Nm≠n°v \¬Is´ F∂v ]m¿∞n-

°p∂p. Bcm[\mKm\ßƒ ]cnip≤ ]nXm°∑mcpsS \n¿tZim\p-

kcWw efnXkpµchpw A¿∞\n¿`chpw ImhymflIhpamb aebmf

KoXßfmbn hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS alØmb

tkh\w ae¶ck`bv°v Hcn°epw hnkvacn°m\mhn√. At±lØn-

s‚ _lp`mjm ]mfinXyhpw, Zo¿L£abpw, ]cniaioehpw,


ssZhmibhpw, k¿t∆m]cn k`mkvt\lhpw sIm≠mWv AXpey-

amb Cu IrXyw \ndth‰m≥ Ign™sX∂v Xd∏n®p ]dbmw.

k`bpsS BflobPohnX ][m\amb Bcm[\mKm\ cN\Isf

kw_‘n®nStØmfw CXb[nIw anI® tkh\w sNbvX as‰mcp

hy‡nsb Cu \q‰m≠n¬ k`bv°v Z¿in°phm≥ Ignbn√.

hniaPohnXw A\pKl]Zw BIs´ F∂p ho≠pw ]m¿∞n°p-

∂p. Biwkn°p∂p.

Hcp∂X\mb kl]h¿ØIs‚

Bflm¿∞X \nd™ km£yw

Nm≠nkmdns‚ ap≥kl]h¿Ø-

I\pw Ct∏mƒ kp¬Øm≥ _tØcn Zm-

k\ saXmt∏meoØmbpamb Ipdnbm-

t°mkv am¿ ¢nΩokv Xncpta\n ktΩf\-

Øn\v Ab® ktµiamWp NphsS tN¿-

°p∂Xv:

\ΩpsS k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS

PohNcnXw am°mwIp∂v sk‚ v Ão^≥kv IØoUen¬ h®v Cu

Pq¨ amkw 29˛\p RmbdmgvN ]Imi\w sNøp∂p F∂dn™Xn¬

hfsctbsd kt¥mjn°p∂p. B awKf aplq¿ØØn¬ h∂p

kw_‘n°phm≥ km[n°mØXn¬ AXnbmbn tJZn°p∂p.

_lpam\y\mb Nm≠nkmdpsamØv 1958 apX¬ t_kn¬ Zbdm-

bn¬ Xmakn°phm≥ F\n°p `mKyw e`n®n´p≠v. ]Ø\wXn´

ImtXment°‰v sslkv°qfn¬ H∂n®p]Tn∏n°phm\pw e`n® kµ¿`w

F∂pw kvacn°phm≥ km[n°pw. Hcp amXrIm≤ym]I\mb At±lw

kl]h¿ØIcnepw injyKWßfnepw F∂pw Pohn°psa∂Xn\v

kwiban√. Hcn°epw ad°mØ enXßƒ, mjmssien, thjhn-

[m\w ˛ F√mw Hm¿Ωbn¬ sXfn™p \n¬°pw.

\ΩpsS k`bn¬ Bcm[\ \ne\n¬°p∂nStØmfw Imew At±-

lw cNn®n´p≈ kz¿§obKm\ßfpw AXns‚ am[pcyhpw ]cnafw

]cØpsa∂v \ap°v ]Xymin°mw. At±lØns‚ PohNcnXØn\v

\¬Inbncn°p∂ t]cv "kz¿§ob In∂cw' ˛ FX A\z¿∞ambncn-

°p∂p.

Km\cN\bnepw ]cn`mjbnepw At±lØn\p≈ Ignhv AXp-

Ipdnbmt°mkv am¿ ¢nΩokv


eyamWv. Bgamb thZimkvX kXyßƒ°v tIm´wIqSmsXbpw Bcm-

[\bpsS ebßƒ°v am‰w hcmsXbpw IhnX FgpXp∂Xn¬ At±lw

]q¿Æambn hnPbn®n´p≠v. InkvXpimkvXØn¬ AKKWy\mb

\ΩpsS dh. tUm. hn. kn. imaph¬, Nm≠nkmdns‚ Cu Ignhns\

«mLn°p∂Xn\v D≤cn°p∂ Bcm[\m`mKw Rm≥ Cu Ahkc-

Øn¬ FSpØp ]dbpIbmWv. \ΩpsS RmbdmgvNsØ ]`mX \a-

kv°mcØn¬ I¿Ømhns‚ a\pjymhXmcsØ hnhcn°p∂XmWo

`mKw:

"\n¿Ωe am˛apZtc \n¿Ωeambv

h∂p hkns®mcp \n¿Ωe\mw

BflPs\ ˛ t]jn∏n®h\mw

\n¿ΩeXmX≥ kwkvXpXy≥.

X≥ kmayw \mw ]q≠nSphm≥

\ΩpsS kmayah≥ ]q≠p

\tΩ X≥ ]nXrkpXcm°n

]mh\dqlmtbmSp tN¿∏m≥

am\hcq]w kzbta‰m≥'

CXn¬ ]mkhpw, mjbpw thZimkvXhpw F√mw FX tijvT-

ambn sXfn™p \n¬°p∂p.

]nbs∏´ Nm≠nkm¿ hniaPohnXw \bn°p∂ h\w Rm≥ ]e-

t∏mgpw kµ¿in°mdp≠v. ]gb Nn´bpw coXnbpsa√mw Ct∏mgpw

s]cpam‰Øn¬ Z¿in°mw. BZysams° IqSpX¬ kwkmcn°pambn-

cp∂p. Ign™ sabv amkØn¬ I≠t∏mƒ Ipiew hfsc Ipdt®

]d™p≈p. c≠p hm°pIfn¬ amXw HXp°n \n¿Øn AXn]Imc-

ambncp∂p. "Ct∏mƒ hmbn°p∂n√ FgpXp∂n√.' AXn¬ F√mw Dƒ-

s°m≠n´p≠v.

At±lØns‚ Km\ßƒ ]mSptºmgpw ˛ ]m¿∞n°ptºmgpw ˛

_. kmdns\ Hm¿°mXncn°m≥ \ΩpsS k`bv°v km[n°bn√. hm¿-

≤IyImeØv th≠Xmb kuJyhpw Bizmkhpw ssZhwXºpcm≥

At±lØn\p \¬In injvSmbp v kam[m\]q¿ÆamIs´ F∂v

Rm\pw ]m¿∞n°pIbpw Biwkn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

Pq¨ 27, 1997

\n¿ΩeKncn Aca\

kp¬Øm≥ _tØcn


]pkvXIØns‚ BZy]Xn kzoIcn®Xv kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS aqØ

ktlmZc\pw ]tcX\pamb kn. ]n. tXmakns‚ ]pX≥ G_lmw

kn. tXmakmWv(tImbºØq¿). At±lw Cßs\ ]d™p: shÆn-

°pfw N°me°pt∂¬ IpSpw_Øn\p th≠n Fs‚ ]nXrktlmZ-

c\mb kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS PohNcnXw ]. _mhm Xncpta\nbn¬

\n∂v G‰phmßp∂Xv Hcp henb ]Zhnbmbn Rm≥ ]cnKWn°p∂p.

\nßƒ°v F√mh¿°pw Adnbmhp∂Xpt]mse Fs‚ D∏m∏≥ kn.

]n. Nm≠n kzm¿∞X H´pw C√mØ Hcp hy‡nbmWv. PohnXØns‚

hk¥Imew apgph≥ At±lw k`bv°pth≠n kkt¥mjw ka¿-

∏n®p. kmºØnIt\´tam ]ikvXntbm H∂pa√mbncp∂p At±l-

Øns‚ e£yw.

Cu PohNcnXw cNn°p∂Xn¬ ap≥ssIsbSpØhcpsS ]b-

Xv\ßsf Rm≥ A`n\µn°pIbpw hneaXn°pIbpw Ah¿ IqSpX¬

t]m’ml\w A¿ln°p∂ps≠∂p hnizkn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

Cu ]cn]mSnsb Xs‚ hnetbdnb km∂n[ywsIm≠v Bio¿hZn®

]. ImtXmen°m _mhm Xncpta\ntbmSpw tbmKØn¬ kw_‘n®h-

tcmSpap≈ lrZbw \nd™ \µnbpw ]Imin∏n®p sIm≈p∂p.

Xs∂ kvt\l]q¿∆w £Wn®phcpØn DNnXambn _lpam\n°p-

Ibpw BZcn°pIbpw sNbvXXn¬ AXoh k¥pjvS\mb "k`mIhn'-

bpw "k`mXmc'hpamb kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS lkzamb adp]Sn ]kwK-

Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d™p: "Cu ]cn]mSn AXntijvTamb H∂mWv.

Fs∂ "k`mIhn' F∂p hnfn°p∂Xp Nne¿°p CjvSa√. shdpsX

hnfn°pIbmWsX. Rm≥ k`mIhnsbm∂pa√. shÆn°pfØp

P\n®phf¿∂ Hcp ]≈n∏m´pImc≥ amXamWv. Fs‚ IhnXmcN\-

bn¬ kwkvIrXw IqSpXemsW∂v Hcp hna¿i\ap≠v. icnbmbncn-

°mw. "BZnbn¬ ssZhw BImihpw `qanbpw krjvSn®p' F∂ hmN-

IØn¬ "®p' F∂sXmgn®m¬ F√mw kwkvIrXamWv. A¿∞w

tNmcmsX Bibw Bhmln°m≥ \√ `mj thWsa∂p F√mhcpw

a\ nem°nbm¬ \∂v.'

tIm´bsØ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv sshZnI skan\mcn s]m^kdpw

FgpØpImc\pw _tY¬ ]XnIbpsS ap≥ No^v FUn‰dpamb ^m.

tPm¨ tXmakv Icnßmń¬ (]¥fw) IrX⁄X ]d™p.


9k`mIhnbv°v

A¥ym-RvPen

ae¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-bv°p -th≠n ]c-t]-cW

IqSmsX Xs‚ AXn [\yhpw ]cn-]m-h-\hp-amb PohnXw ka¿∏n®

k`mIhn kn. ]n. Nm≠n H∂p c≠m-gvNsØ hm¿≤-Iy-k-l-P-amb

Akp-J-ßsf XpS¿∂p 2005 sabv 4 \p (kz¿§m-tcm-lWs∏cp-\m-fns‚

Xte∂mƒ) sXmÆqdmw ]nd-∂m-fn\v GXm\pw Znh-k-ßƒ°p apºv

Znhw-K-X-\m-bn. arX-tZlw shÆn-°pfw ]≈n-bnse Xs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-

°-fpsS A¥y-hn-ia cwK-Øn-\-SpØp kwkvI-cn-°msX kn. ]n. Nm≠n-

bpsS I¿Ω-t£-Xhpw hoSp-ambn amdnb t_kn¬ Zb-dm-tbmS-\p-_-

‘n-®p≈ Nm∏¬ A¶-W-Øn¬ Hcp taev]-´-°m-c-\-SpØ _lp-a-Xn-

I-tfmsS kwkvI-cn-®p. Xm≥ …o_mZmk-\mbn Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ am°mw-

Ip∂p sk‚ v Ão^≥kv IØo-U-en¬ \n∂m-cw- n® hnem-]-bmXbn¬

ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS \m\m- m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v H -[nIw ] -°mcpw k`m kvt\-

ln-Ifpw ]s¶-Sp-Øp. hnem-]-bmX Hcp Intem-ao-‰dne[nIw k©-cn®p

t_kn¬ Nm∏-en¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ Nm∏epw ]cn-k-chpw P\-k-l-k-

ß-fm¬ \nd™p- I-hn-™n-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂p Zm-k\ saXmt∏m-eoØm

ôen-t∏mkv am¿ butk-_n-tbm-kv, Ipdn-bm-t°mkv am¿ ¢nΩokv

(kp¬Øm≥_tØ-cn), sshZnIskan-\mcn ]n≥kn-∏¬ ^m. tUm.

sI. Fw. tPm¿Pv XpS-ßn-b-h-cp-sSbpw sshZn-I-cp-sSbpw Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-

Øn¬ arX-tZlw I_-d-S-°s∏´p. AtXm-S-\p-_-‘n®p \S-Ø-s∏´

A\p-timN\ ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ k`m-I-hn-bpsS _lp-apJ k`m tkh\

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ]iw-kn-°-s∏-´p.

kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS Nc-a-sØ-Øp-S¿∂p k`-bpsS HutZym-KnI\m-

hmb "ae-¶ck`' Hcp ]tXyI ]Xn∏v 2005 Pq¨ amk-Øn¬ ]kn-

≤-s∏-SpØn At±-lsØ _lp-am-\n-®p. ae-¶ck -bpsS ]gb ]Xm[n-

]-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂ ]mØm-ap´w amfn-I-bn¬ Fw. kn. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv

dºm≥, I√nt»cn tXm´-Øn¬ hoń¬ ‰n. Pn. kJ-dnb apX-em-b-h-cp-

ambn hfsc ASp-Øn-S-s]-Sp-Ibpw Ihn-X-Iƒ sIm≠pw "ae-¶ck`'sb

]e-t∏mgpw ame-b-Wn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p≈ kn. ]n. Nm≠nsb ae-

¶ck` A`n-\-µn-®Xv hf-sc kap-Nn-X-am-bn.

ae-¶ck -bpsS Ct∏m-gsØ apJy ]Xm-[n-]cpw skan-\mcn s]m -

k-dp-amb ^m. tUm. tPm¨ ]Wn-°¿ Fgp-Xnb apJ-]-kw-K-amWv


NphsS tN¿°p-∂-Xv:

ae-¶ck`-bpsS almIhn°p ]Wmaw

ae-¶-c-bpsS \mZ-Øn\v angn-th-Inb tijw Bc-h-ß-fn-√msX A\-

iz-c-X-bn-te°p \S∂pIb-dnb kn. ]n. Nm≠n kmdns‚ PohnXw kz¿-

Æ-en-]n-I-fn-se-gp-Xm≥ Hcp Xmfv IqSn Ncn-X-Øn-e-h-ti-jn-°p-∂p. Bcm-

[n-°p∂ k` ]mSp∂ KoX-ß-fn¬ Xpfp-ºp∂ Imhy-`w-Knbpw amXr`m-

j-bpsS XpSn∏pw Nm≠n-km-dns\ ae-¶-c-bpsS alm-I-hn-bm-°p∂p. hcn-

Iƒ hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Ah P∑w sIm≠ `mj-bpsS

kuµcyw Hcn-‰p -t]mepw tNm¿∂pt]mImsX A\y-`m-j-bn¬ Pzen-

°p-∂nSØv hnh¿Ø-Is‚ k¿Km-fl-I-X-bpsS ]cn-a-f-amWv ]c-°p-∂Xv.

A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-amb Ihn-Xzhpw `mjm-\n-]p-W-Xbpw tIm¿Øn-

W°n I¿Ω-\n-c-X-amb X]-ky-bm¬ kwKo-X-Øn-eqsS ]uckvXy

ssIkvXh B≤ym-fln-I-X-bpsS Bg-ß-fn-te-°n-d-ßn-s®-√p-∂-Xn\v

ssZh-P-\sØ k÷-am-°n-b-Xns‚ ]n∂n¬ Hcp ]pcp-jm-bp- ns‚ ka¿-

∏-W-ap-≠mbn-cp-∂p.

shÆn-°p-fØv N°m-e-°p-∂n¬ ^nen-t∏mkv D]-tZ-in-bp-sSbpw

A°m-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI-\mbn 1916- ¬ qPm-X-\m-bn. ae-bm-f-Ønepw kpdn-

bm-\n-bnepw kwkvIr-X-Ønepw t\Snb Ah-Kmlw ae-¶ck`-bpsS

Bcm[\mKoX-ßsf kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ \n∂v ae-bm-f-Øn-te°p hnh¿-

Ø\w sNøp∂-Xn\v At±lw DNn-X-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn. ae-¶-c-

bpsS am¿ At]w F∂pw k`mIhn-sb∂pw ]nXm-°-∑m-cm¬ hnfn-°-

s∏´v F√m-h-cp-sSbpw BZcw t\Sn. anI® A≤ym-]-I\pw Bflo-b-

]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS kwLm-S-I-\p-ambn ]tim- n® At±lw Hcp XnI™

Ncn-Xm-t\z-jnbpw ênX-]n-b-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

]`m-XØnepw ]tZm-j-Ønepw ]]-©-Øns‚ DS-b-hs\ ]Io¿Ø-

\w sNøp-hm≥ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cmWv bYm¿∞ ‡-I-hn-Iƒ. Io¿Ø\

kmln-Xy-Øn-eqsS Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v Cuiz-cs\ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ kmlN-

cy-sam-cp-°nb sslµh ˛ ssIkvXh `‡Ihn-I-fpsS tiWn-bn¬

Nm≠n-km¿ s]m´mØ Hcp IÆn-bmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]pcmX\ k`-

bn¬ ]cn-ip-≤mfl In∂cw F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-ń-cp∂ am¿ At]w Hcp

siΩm-i≥ amX-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Nm≠n km¿ ]Ø-\w-Xn´ t_kn¬

Zbdm-bn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Hcp km[m-c-W-°m-c≥ amX-am-bn-cp∂p

F∂Xv Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cnepw A¤p-Xhpw BZ-chpw G‰p-∂p.

kwKoXw hy‡-amb IW-°p-Iq- -ep-IfpsS hyh-km-b-ambn amdnbn-

cn-°p∂ Cu Ime-L- -Øn¬ D]-t`m-‡m-hns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ at‰-sXmcp


D¬∏-∂-sØbpw t]mse ]c-ky-ß-fp≈ kwKo-Xhpw hy‡-amb

kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-∂p. To have or to be F∂-XmWv D]-t`m-K-Øns‚

XXz-Nn-¥. To have amX-am-bm¬ kwKo-X-Øns‚ kzIm-cy-Xbpw

Bflob A\p- -hhpw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. To be Bbm¬ kwKoXw Bflo-

bm-\-µhpw A\p-`-h-hp-am-bn amdp-∂p. Nm≠n km¿ ]I¿∂p \¬In-bn-

cn-°p∂ KoX-ßƒ k`ma°-fpsS Bflo-bm-\-µhpw Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-hp-

am-sW-∂Xv \nkvX¿°-am-Wv.

ae-¶ck`-bn¬ C∂v Bcm-[-\bv°pw IqZm-i-Iƒ°pw s]cp-∂mfp-

Iƒ°pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ H´p an° Km\-ßfpw Nm≠n-km¿ A¿∞

Kmwò-cy-tØmSpw kzc-Xmf wKn-I-tfmSpw kpdn-bm\n cmK-tØmSp \oXn

]pe¿Ønbpw hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX-h-bm-Wv. k¿§-i‡n apgp-h≥ k`-

bv°mbn ka¿∏n® At±lw k -bpsS Bcm-[\m kmln-XysØ [\y-

am-°n. F∂m¬ At±lw k`bv°p \¬Inb al-\ob kw`m-h-\-Iƒ°-

\p-kr-X-amb BZ-chv At±-l-tØmSv Im´p-∂-Xn¬ \mw ]cm-Pn-X-cmWv.

Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ k` \¬Inb AwKo-Imcw Ipd-™p-t]m-b-Xp-sIm≠v

At±lw sNdp-Xm-Ip-I-b-√, adn®v, Nm≠n-km-dns\ BZ-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS

hep-Xm-Im-\p≈ Hc-h-kcw k`bv°p \jvS-s∏´p F∂p ]d-bp-∂-XmIpw

DØ-aw. ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn\v Aaqey kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-hm≥

]m]vX-\m-bn-cp∂ At±lw k`-bpsS aXn¬s°-´p-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ amX-

ambn HXp-ß-s∏-´-Xp-sIm≠v ae-bmf kaq-l-Øn\v kw`-hn-®n-cn-°p∂

\jvShpw hep-Xm-Wv.

Bcm-[n-°p∂ k`-bpsS kwKo-X-i_vZw kn. ]n. Nm≠n kmdns‚

i_vZ-am-Wv. At\-I-cpsS A[-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-b-cp∂ kvXpXn-Ko-X-ßfn-

eqsS k`-bpsS kwKo-X-ambn C\nbpw At±lw Pohn-°pw. Bcm-[\m

kmln-Xy-Øn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ am‰-ßƒ At±lw XpS-ßn-h® t¢i-I-

camb ZuXy-Øns‚ KpW-I-chpw ssZthm-∑p-J-hp-amb XpS¿®-bm-I-

Ww. ae-¶ck`-bpsS ]cn-ip-≤mfl In∂-c-Øn\v k`m a°-fpsS

]Wmaw.

kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS Bfl-kp-lrØpw Poh-N-cn-X-Im-c\pw ae-¶c

k`m ]Xm-[n]kanXn AwK-hp-amb sI. hn. amΩ≥ kvs]j¬ ]Xn-

∏n¬ Cßs\ FgpXn:

k`bpsS Aa-c- Km-b-I≥

ae¶ck`-bpsS AXpey at\m-l-c-amb Bcm-[\m kmln-XysØ

kwKoX kmµ-am-°p-Ibpw k`mw-K-ßƒ iXm-_vZ-ß-fmbn A¿∞-adn-

bmsX Dcp-hn- p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ kpdn-bm\n Km\-ßsf A¿∞w tNmcmsX


amXr-`m-j-bn¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n®v lrZn-ÿ-am-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvX k`m-Ihn k -bpsS Aa-c-Km-b-I-\m-sW-∂p-≈-Xn\p c≠p ]£-

an-√. ae-¶ck -bpsS am¿ At]w F∂pw, k`m Xmcw F∂pw, kz¿§ob

In∂-c-sa∂pw hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ kn. ]n. Nm≠n, Ign™ amkw

Xs‚ Bfl- ssNX\y [\y-amb Km\-ßƒ kZm A\p-c-W\w sNøp∂

kz¿§ kZ-\-Øns‚ I\I Ihm-S-Øn¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ CXv Bsc∂v

Bcm-bmsX amemJ hmXn¬ Xpd∂psImSp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v At±-

lsØ ASp-Ø-dn-bm≥ km[n-®n- p-≈-h¿°p Xd-∏n®p ]d-bm≥ Ignbpw.

sXmÆq-dns‚ ]Sn-°¬ hsc FØnb shÆn-°pfwImc-\mb Nm≠n-

bpsS PohnXw skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw Zb-dm-I-fnepw Ac-a-\-I-fnepw ]≈n-

I-fnepw ]≈n-°q-S-ß-fnepw \nd-™p-\n-∂p. _lp mjm ]fin-X-\mbn-

cp∂ At±-l-Øns‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ a\- n-em-°nb ]. _t -en-tbmkv

Koh-dp-Kokv c≠m-a\pw ]. amXyqkv ]Y-a\pw Ah th≠ hn[-Øn¬

]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn F∂pw ChnsS Hm¿t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

h´-°p-t∂¬ hn. sI. amXyqkv A®s‚ kpdn-bm\n KZy-hn-h¿Ø-

\-Øns‚ NphSp ]nSn®p kpdn-bm\n cmK-Øn¬ ae-bmf Km\-ßƒ

cNn®p. kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ \n∂p ae-bm-f-Øn-te-°p≈ ]Zm-\p-]Z samgn-

am‰w ia-km-≤y-amb Hcp Imcy-am-bncp-∂p. At±lw BZyw cNn®

KŸw "lqtØmtΩm' BWv.- H∂masØ lqtØmtΩm Km\w Bcw-

`n-°p-tºmƒ ssZhsØ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp∂ "]c-tam-∂-Xamw

]Z-a-Xn-e-acpw ]c-\mw-tZhm' F∂ hcn B¿°pw Hcn-°epw ad-°m-\m-

hn-√. AXp ssZh-kvt\-l-\n¿`-c-am-Wv.

IqZ-miI-a-ßƒ, Il-ss\-Øm, ssXem-`n-tj-Iw, AºXp t\mºn-

se \a-kvIm-cw, F´pt\mºnse \a-kvIm-cw, _p[-\mgvN \a-kvImcw,

s]¶ok ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN KoXw apX-em-bh kn. ]n. Nm≠n-bpsS

IrXn-I-fn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv. IywXmbv°p ]I-c-ap≈ …o_m \a-kvIm-c-I-

a-amWv G‰hpw ][m-\w.

]pØ≥Im-hn¬ sIm®pXncp-ta\n 1948-˛¬ ]pØ≥Im-hn¬ A≤ym-

]-I-\mbn \nb-an-®p. A∂p Xma-kn-®Xv sNß-∂q¿ _tY¬ Ac-a\-

bn¬. ]n∂oSv ]Ø-\w-Xn´ ImtXm-en-t°-‰v kvIqfn¬ 1976 hsc ]Tn-

∏n®p. 60˛mw hb- n¬ ]≈n-°qSw hn´p. As∂√mw Xma-kn-®Xv

t_kn¬ Zb-dmbn¬. AXp-sIm-≠mWv skan-\m-cn-Ifpw Zb-dmbpw Ac-

a-\-Ifpw AhnSpsØ At¥-hm-kn-Ifpw Nm≠nsb kz¿§ob In∂-c-

am-Im≥ klm-bn-®-sX∂p t\csØ ]d-™-Xv.

efnXkpµ-chpw A¿∞ kºp-jvShpw Imhym-fl-I-hp-amb mjbn-


eqsS B[ym-flnI Nn¥m_‘p-c-ß-fmb Ihn-X-Iƒ cNn-°-W-sa-¶n¬

]hm-NI kam-\-amb Znhymfl ]tNmZ\w D≠mtb Xocq. ip -hkvX

[mcn-bm-bn-cp∂ At±-l-Øns‚ AIhpw ]pdhpw Hcp ]mhn-s\-t∏mse

hnip-≤n-bpsS ]Xo-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. th≠m-ØXp ImWm\pw tIƒ°m\pw

Nm≠n°p Ign-hn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ th≠Xp \¿ΩØn¬ Nmen®p

Ipdn°p sIm≈p∂ hn[-Øn¬ Fdn-™n- p-≠v. Bbp p Ipd-hm-sW∂p

t\csØ e`n® [mcW aqew hnhm-l-sØ-∏‰n Nn¥n-®n-√.

kn. ]n. Nm≠n hf-sc-b-[nIw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw Bcm-[\m at\m-

`m-h-tØmsS ho£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p≈ ]. _t -en-tbmkv Kohdp-

Kokv c≠m-as‚ hnip≤ Pohn-X-tØbpw Hu∂-Xy-sØbpw ]‰n ImtXm-

en°m awKf Km\-Øn¬

""I¿tΩ¬ ae-t]m-ep-∂-Xs\ ˛ sl¿tΩm-\n¬ ]\n-\n¿Ω-es\''

F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ Cu ]Xo-I-ß-fpsS ]k‡n kPoham-

bn k`mw-K-ß-fpsS apºn¬ HmSn FØp-I-bm-bn. ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN KoX-

ß-fn¬s∏´ I≈-∑m-cpsS kwhm-Z-Øn\pw blq-Z-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ Aa¿j

]I-S-\-Øn\pw H∂pw Bcm-[-\-bn¬ henb ]k‡n Cs√∂pw, Xt∂m-

Sp ]d-™Xp-sIm≠p cNn-®-Xm-sW∂pw, F¥m-bmepw am∏nf ]mSs´

F∂pw Nm≠n km¿ X¬ kw_-‘-amb tNmZy-Øn\p Hcn-°¬ adp-]Sn

\¬In. kwkvIrXw ]Tn-®-h¿°p ITn\ ]Z-]-tbm-K-ß-fn¬ ]tXyI

Xmev]cyw ImWpw. AXv Nm≠n kmdpw ]tbm-Kn-®n- p-≠v.

At±-lsØ G‰hpw ASp-Ø-dn-bm-hp∂ At±-l-Øns‚ injy≥

IqSn-bmb ˛ ô-en-t∏mkv am¿ butk-_n-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm

1997-˛¬ ]d™ hm°p-Iƒ ae-¶c k`mw-K-ßƒs°√mw ]dbm≥ ]‰n-

bXm-Wv. ""At±-lsØ kµ¿in-°p-tºm-sg√mw k`bv°v At±lw

sNbvX hneXocmØ tkh-\sØ kvacn®v \ainc-kv°-\mbn \µn-

tbmsS Rm≥ hnS- ]-d-bp-∂p. kn. ]n. Nm≠nsb th≠ coXn-bn¬ Cu

Xe-apd Adn-™m-Z-cn-®n√ F∂ ZpxJ-kXyw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p. ImtXm-

en-t°‰v Ahm¿Un\p At±lw k¿∆-Ym- tbm-Ky-\m-sW∂p Rm≥ Icp-

Xp-∂p.''

Xs‚ Km\-ß-fpsS Cº-I-c-amb i_vZw temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ ae-¶c

k`mw-K-ß-fpsS A[-c-ß-fn¬ \n›-b-am-bpw BgvN-h-´-Øns‚ H∂mw

\mfn¬ taL-ta-J-e-Ifpw IS∂p kz¿§-Øn¬ FØp-sa-∂p-≈-Xn-\m¬

kn. ]n. Nm≠n A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ hniz-Ihn F∂ t]cn-\¿l-\m-Wv.

Fs‚ ko\n-b¿ kplr-Øn\p \nXy-im¥n e`n°pw; \n›-bw.


10IpSpw_Øns‚ \µn

RßfpsS A`nhµy ]nXmhmb kn. ]n. tXmakns‚ I\njvT

ktlmZc\pw k`mIhnbpw IpSpw_Øns‚bpw k`bpsSbpw A`nam-

\`mP\hpamb ]tcX\mb kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS (Nm≠n°p™p∏m-

∏≥) kaK PohNcnXw Ct∏mƒ H∂mw Ncahm¿jnItØmS\p_-

‘n®p ]cnjvIcn®p ]kn≤oIcn°m\nSbmbXn¬ Rßƒ°p hfsc-

b[nIw kt¥mjap≠v. k`mkmlnXy ]cnt]mjWhpw ImhymflI-

amb Bcm[\m Km\cN\bpw Hcp X]kybmbn kzoIcn®p XymK\n¿-

`chpw \nkvXpehpamb tkh\w sNbvX kn. ]n. Nm≠nsb ae¶c

k`bv°p BNµXmcw hnkvacn°m\mhns√∂mWp Cu PohNcn-

Xhpw D∂X \nehmcØnep≈ AXns‚ ]Imi\hpw hnfnt®mXn-

bXv.

`mKykvacWm¿l\mb ]. _t entbmkv am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv

]Ya≥ ImtXmen°m _mhmbpsS Zo¿LZrjvSnbpw t]m’ml\hpw

sIm≠mWp kpdnbm\nbn¬ \n∂p≈ Bcm[\Iaßfpw Km\ßfpw

A¿∞w tNmcmsX CXb[nIw kpµcambn X¿÷a sNbvXp k`-

bv°p ka¿∏n°phm≥ At±lØn\p km[n®sX∂p \µn]q¿∆w kva-

cn°p∂p.

Cu PohNcnX ]kn≤oIcWØn¬ Ign™ ]. _t entbmkv

am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv ZznXob≥ ImtXmen°m _mhm henb Xmev]-

cyw ]ISn∏n°pIbpw Xnct°dnb ]cn]mSnIƒ°nSbn¬ Zo¿LImew

kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS ]h¿Ø\ taJebmbncp∂ ]Ø\wXn´ h®p

]pkvXIw ]Imi\w sNbvXXpw _‘s∏´hsc kZvhnImc`cnX-

cm°n.

]pkvXIw Xømdm°p∂Xn\p ap≥ssI FSpØ RßfpsS

IpSpw_ kplrØp IqSnbmb sI. hn. amΩt\mSpw th≠ KthjW

]T\w \SØnb tPmbvkv tXm´bv°mSnt\mSpw a‰p teJI∑mtcmSpw

k¿t∆m]cn H∂mw ]Xn∏v ]kn≤s∏SpØnb Hm¿ØtUmIvkv hnZym¿-

∞n]ÿm\w P\d¬ skI´dn m. tPm¨ tXma nt\mSpw Rß-

fpsS shÆn°pfw N°me°pt∂¬ IpSpw_Øn¬s∏´ kIecpsSbpw

t]cn¬ \µnbpw kt¥mjhpw Adnbn®psIm≈p∂p.

H∂mw ]Xn∏n¬ kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS tkh\ßsf th≠hn[w


a\ nem°n hnebncpØm≥ km[n®ns√∂p≈ Hcp Nn¥ KŸI¿-

Øm°ƒ°ps≠∂dnbp∂p. X∂nanØsamcp Ipdhv ]ikvX NcnX-

Imc\pw Bcm[\m kmlnXyØn¬ AXpeyamb AhKmlw t\Snb

kap∂X sshZnI\pamb ^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥ \nIØn F∂-

Xn¬ IqSpX¬ kt¥mjap≠v. IqSmsX kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpsS acWw,

Hcp saXmt∏meoØmbv°SpØ hnem]bmX, ihkwkv°mcw, A\p-

timN\w apXembhbpw k`mNcnXØns‚ `mKambn CXn¬ tcJ-

s∏SpØm≥ km[n®Xn\m¬ Cu PohNcnXw an°hmdpw ]q¿Æam-

sW∂p Rßƒ IcpXp∂p. c≠mw ]Xn∏ns‚ ]Imi\°mcyØn¬

Nm≠n kmdns\ A¥ywhscbpw Hcp Kpcphmbn IW°m°n _lpam-

\n°pIbpw Bcm[\mat\m`mhtØmsS ho£n°pIbpw At±l-

Øns‚ tkh\ßfpsS alXzw BgØn¬ a\ nem°n AwKoIcn-

°pIbpw sNøp∂ Xpºa¨ Zmk\ saXmt∏meoØm oent∏mkv

am¿ butk_ntbmknt\mSp≈ kvt\lmZcßƒ H´pw Hfn®phbv°m≥

Rßƒ BKln°p∂n√.

H∂mw ]Xn∏ns‚ ]Ya tIm∏n ]. amXyqkv c≠ma≥ _mhmbn¬

\n∂p G‰phmßnb RßfpsS ktlmZc≥ G_lmw kn. tXmakv

(Xºn) GXm\pw amkßƒ°p apºv AImeØn¬ A¥cn®pt]m-

sb∂ Nn¥ Rßsf thZ\n∏n°p∂p≠v. Cu c≠mw ]Xn∏v shfn®w

ImWp∂ Cu kµ¿`Øn¬ At±lØns‚ Bflmhv kt¥mjn-

°p∂p≠mhpw. Aac\mb RßfpsS ]nbs∏´ Nm≠n°p™∏m∏\p

\nXyim¥n ]m¿∞n®p sIm≠v.

kn. ‰n. ^nen∏v (kÆn) bp. Fkv. F.

kn. ‰n. tXmakv (t__n) tImbºØq¿

Sn. F. Nm≠n (t__n) Xmga¨ sh≈nbd,

Abncq¿ t\m¿Øv


kn. ]n. tXmakv kn. sI. h¿Kokv

kn. ]n. Nm≠nbpw ktlm-Z-cn-amcpw

kn. ]n. Nm≠n ]nb-s∏-´-h-cpsS IqsS...-A-bn-cq¿ heyd Xmg-a¨ hoń¬ `mKn-t\-b≥ t__n,

`mcy en√n-°p-ń, Ah-cpsS a°ƒ, sIm®p-a-°ƒ apX-em-b-h-tcm-sSm∏w


kn. ]n. tXmakns‚ ]pX∑mcmb kn. ‰n. ^nen∏v (k-Æn), kn. ‰n.

tXmakv (t_-_n), ]tc-X-\mb G_lmw kn. tXmakv (X-ºn)

kn. ]n. tXmakns‚ aqØ ]pX-\mb kn. ‰n. ^nen-∏pw (h-eØv)

`mcy im¥Ω (C-S-Øv) ]pX-\mb ‰nPp `mcy sP∂n

F∂n-h-tcm-sSm∏w

kn. ]n.

tXmakns‚

c≠m-asØ

]pX-\mb

G_lmw

kn.

tXmakpw

`mcy dn´.

s]m^k¿

B\nbpw


kn. ]n. tXmakns‚

Cfb ]pX-\mb kn.

‰n. tXmakpw `mcy

Ip™-∂m-Ωbpw

kn. ]n. tXmakpw ]pX≥ kn. ‰n.- tXm-akpw `mcy Ip™-∂m-

Ωbpw s]m^. B\nbpw sIm®p-a-°fpw

G_lmw kn.

tXmakv (X-ºn)

‰n. F. Nm≠n

(t_-_n)

A∂Ω

(en-√n-°p-ń)

`mKw 2

cN-\-Iƒ

1lqtØmtΩm Km\-ßƒ

am¿ bmt°m-_ns‚ cmKw

I

…o_ms∏cp-∂mƒ

1 ]c-tam-∂-Xamw ]Z-a-Xn-e-acpw ]c\mw tZhm!

Ir]-\n-dbpw \n≥Xncp-\-b-\-Øm¬ kq£n-°-Wta;

tN¿Øo-S-Wta Rßsf Znhy …o_m-Ø-W-en¬,

XmhI Ir]-bn∏qPI-\n-htl h¿jn-°-W-ta.

kvtXmXw

2 kvtXmXw k¿∆w hmbvI-f-tijw \¬Ipw Rßƒ

\n≥ XmX∂pw hna-em-fl∂pw kvXpXn-]m-SoSpw;

F≥ I¿Ømth! \n¥ncpKmXw `£n-t®m-cm˛

an∏m-]n-Iƒ X≥ ZpjvIr-X-a-Jnew tamNn-°-W-ta.

A\p-Xm]w ˛ acn-®-h¿

3 Igp-Io-S-Wta Id-I-sf-sb√mw Xncp-tkm-∏m-bm¬;

Hm¿Øo-S-cpsX I¿Ømth! \o RßsS ]ng-Iƒ;

timIw \ndbpw temI-\n-hmkw hn´p-]n-cn-t™m¿˛

t°IpI tamZw tim`-\-amIpw imizX tKtl.

IqZ-iv- Cu-tØm ˛ lqtZmkv CutØm ˛ ]´w sImS

4 k`-bpsS `nØnsb _e-h-Øm-°pI ine-ta¬ \n¿Øn;

\mb-I-cm-sbmcnS-b-∑msc°m°pI i‡ym;

BNm-c-y∑m¿ siΩm-i-∑m¿ bu∏-Zp-b-In-\¿

tImdq-b-∑msc∂nhsc \o tim`n-∏n-°.

km[m-cWw

5 XmßpI hr≤sc, \n¿Ω-e-cm-°pI ]pcp-j-∑m-sc,

i‡nbphm-°ƒt°Io-S-Wta hocyw \¬In;

kuay-X-bpt≈mcm-°nØo¿°pI \mcn-Itf \o,

inip-_m-e-Isct∏mj-W-ta-In-∏m-en-°-W-ta.


tcmKn-Iƒ ˛ AK-Xn-Iƒ

6 tcmKm¿Ø-∑m¿t°-IpI kuJyw, £oW-∑m¿°mbv

t£aw \¬In∫e-a-‰-hscØmßo-S-Wta;

£pØp-t≈m-cn¬ Xr]vXn-h-cp-ØpI, Xncp-k-º-Øm¬

Zo\-∑m¿°pw KXn-b-t‰m¿°pw iob-cp-f-W-ta.

bp≤w ˛ £maw- ˛- kmw-I-an-I-tcm-Kw ˛ hnπhw

7 Poh-]-Zamw Xncp-\m-a-tØ-tbm¿°p-∂-Xn-\m¬

Chn-sS-bp-saßpw \n∂psS tIm]w \o°o-S-Wta;

ASn-a-bp-a-Scpw ]inbpw arXnbpw ambn-®n-hnSw

aXn-se-t∂mWw hebw sNøpI Xmh-I-im-¥ym.

ip≤n-am-∑m¿ ˛ ip≤na-Xn-Iƒ apX-em-b-h¿ (8-˛16)

8 \n¿Ω-e-amXm I\yI-a-dn-bw, \n∂-h-Xmcw

a∂n-Xn-seßpw ap∂-dn-bn-s®mcp \n_n-b-∑m-cpw,

\oXn-bXmw chn X∂psS \nItS a≤ym-”-Øn¬

an∂pw XmcItbml-∂m\pw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

9 ""tamdm-\otim!bn∏n-g-tbm¿°''-√n-ßs\ Xt∑¬

Is√-dn-thm¿°mbv ]m¿∞n-t®m\mw kvtX∏m-t\m-kpw,

]¥o-c-dp-h¿, ]¥n-cp-in-jy¿, aqs∂m-cp-\qdpw

]tØm-sS´pw XmX-∑mcpw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

10 hyY-tb-t‰mcmw \oXn-]n-b-scm-Øm-Nm-cy-∑m¿,

kl-tZ-∑mcpw a¿±-\-tat‰m¿ auZym-\-∑m¿,

kXy-\n-tZiw k`-bn¬ t]m‰n-∏m-j-fi-Xtb

ambn-t®mcmw aev]m-∑mcpw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

11 t\mºm-eo-td¿°-Xn-i-bt-a-‰n-sbm-cn-·m-Øo-tbm-kv,

]c-t\- p-Ir-Xm¬ ]oWn-∏n-t®m≥ Zob-kv°m-tdm-kv,

apgp-]-I¬ ap¥n-cn-hn-fsb \\®p Inf-®n-l-I-ftb

\o°nb _mt -¬, KotKm-dntbmkv, ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

12 kwKo-X-Øm¬ k`-sb-bpb¿Ønb tkth-do-tbm-kv,

]cn-`m-j-I-fm-ep-W¿∆p-≠m-°n-sbm-co-hm-\o-tbm-kv,

saam-]m-Snb amd-t]apw am¿bm-°q_pw

hX-X-ev]-c\mw _¿ku-ambpw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

13 \ocns\ ap¥ncnckambv am‰nb bqlm-t\m\pw

\nP-[q-]-Øm¬ arXnsb hne-°n-sbm-cm-lq-Zoapw


Kpl-I-fn¬ tahnbaØmbv k°mbv X¬kvt\-ln-Xcmw

A_-dm-lmapw Zm\o-tbepw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

14 alnsb shdp-tØm≥ am¿_-l-\mapw tkmZ-cn-km-dm,

aIpSw tamdm≥ \evInb \mev]Xp kl-tZ-∑m-cpw,

Bgn-bnse lna-ta-s‰mcp kl-tZ¿, k¿§n-kp-_-t°m-kv,

ivaq\n-kp-X-∑m-sc-e-bm-kmdpw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

15 Zp¿∆-l-]o-Usb eLp-hmbv Icp-Xnb am¿ Koh-dp-Ko-kv,

]mj-fi-Xsb tZzjn-®-h\mw tXthm-tZm-tdm-kv,

kmØm-s\-Ø≥ t]mcm-´-Øm¬ ]mdn-t®m\mw

Ipdn-bm-t°mkpw bqen-Øobpw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

16 P\-I-\n¬ \n∂pw arXnkwXr-]vXym-`-c-ta-t‰m-cmbv

]Xn-a-X-I¿-tØm¿ inev]n-X-\q-P≥ tkmZ-cn-iq-im≥,

imiz-X-temtI hmkw sNbvhm≥ arXn-tb-‰n-Sp-sa˛

t∂mXnb sskt\m, tkmZ-cn- km-dm, ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

km[m-cWw

17 kp]n-b-samSp \n≥I-ev]-\-Im-tØm-c-h-cp-tS-bpw,

P\-X-Xn-bn-Xns\ _v`cWw sNøpw XmX-t‚bpw,

kl-P-cp-tSbpw d_n-I-fp-tSbpw ]m¿∞-\-bm-te˛

bmZ-X-tXm-∂n°r-]-sN-ø-Wta XpW- sN-ø-W-sa.

am¿ bmt°m-_ns‚ cmKw

II

km[m-cWw

18 F≥tZ-thim! F≥tZ-thim! \osbm-cp-h≥ Xm≥

ac-W-hn-lo-\≥ kv^Sn-I-c-Yÿm! ]c-tam-∂-Xt\!

tbm_p-kp-Kn-cn-ta¬ Zmho-Z-c-N≥ X≥ bmKwt]m¬

ssIbvs°m-≈-Wta tbip-In-kvXm-an-°p-dp-_m-\.

s]k-lm -˛ -Zpx-J-i-\n-bm-gvN -˛ -IywXm

19 Dbn-cp-t≈m¿°pw arX-cm-tbm¿°pw KXn-bm-Ip-t∂m≥

amfn-I- X-∂n¬ injy-ktaXw s]k-l-`p-Pn®p;

Ipcn-in-∑otX XoØqkn-∂mbv Xmt°m-teIo;

arX-cpsS at≤y aq∂p-Zn\w hmW-Xn-Yn-bvs°m-∏w.


s]klm

20 a¿t°m-knt‚ Krl-a-Xn-se-√m-∏-g-a-I-tfbpw

\nd-th-‰n-Øm≥ arK-_-en-tb-bmcm-Xn-bn¬ \o°n;

\qX\\nbaw \nJn-e-hp-sa-gp-Xn-Ø-∂n-e-b-Øn¬

ssIX-h-tadpw ]mjmfiXsb-∏m-sS-t]m-°n.

P\-\-s∏-cp-\mƒ

21 ain-lm-a-∂≥ PmXw- sN-bvsXmcp Kpl-X≥Zzmtc,

arXn-a-in-lm-bn¬ ]m]n-t®m-sc- ]-Xn-s]m-Xp-hm-bn,

s]mSn-sbmSpka\pw \nµn-X-aÆpw lo\\pamw Rm≥

]cn-a-f-an-bepw ]i-a-\-_-en-tbb¿∏n-®-s√m.

Duim\ ˛ tlmthmtd ˛ a-dp-cq]w

22 injy-k-taXw £oWn-X-s\-t∏m¬ kwi-b-lo\w

kvt\lm-Ip-e-\mbv \n¿Ω-e-a-[phpw ao\p-a-in-®m≥;

Duim-\-Zn-t\-kotbm≥ sXcp-hn¬ Igp-X-bn-te-do;

Xmt_m¿a-e-ta¬ Xń-\p-Xpeyw in_n-c-ap-b¿Øn.

am¿ At]-ans‚ cmKw

(1)

km[m-cWw (1-˛8)

1. Ic-fenth-doSpw XmXm! ˛ \ncp-]-a-I-cp-Wm-km-K-cta!

Zn\-an-Xn-e-tß-bv°¿∏nt®m˛cnØn-cp-_-en-sb-ss°-s°mƒI.

2. ]cn-]o-Um-\n-l-X≥lm-t_¬ ˛ \uI-bn¬ \oXn-]-c≥ t\ml

I¿tΩ¬ ae-ta-te-eo-bm ˛ sb∂n-h¿ X≥ kzoIrX _en-t]m¬

3. kpX-X-\p-c-‡-c-l-ky-a-Xm ˛ a∏w ho™n-h-b¿∏n®

]utcm-ln-Xy-]-Z-ÿn-X-\mw ˛ aev°n-k-tZ-°n≥_-en-t]mse

4. `mKy alm-\n[nb_-dm-lmw ˛ hmKvZ-Øm-fl-P-\n-k-lm°v

[\yintcm-aWn bmt°m-s_ ˛ ∂nh-c¿∏n-s®mcp _en-t]mse

5. b_p-km-bs‚ If-Ø-d-bn¬ ˛ I¿Ømth! Xncp-ln-X-am¿∂

£nXn-]m-e-I-\n_n Zmho-Zn≥ ˛ ]cn-]m-h-\amw _en-t]mse

6. \n¿≤-\-bm-am-hn-[-h-bpsS ˛ Nn√n-°m-in\p Xpey-a-Xmbv

\n¥n-cp-k- -bpsS kpX-cn¬\n - -∂n-Øn-cp-_-en-sb-ss°s°mƒI.


7. sshZnI XmX-cp-a-Xn-[-\y ˛ «ol-cp-a¿∏n-®-Xp-t]mse

AK-Xn-I-f-Sn-bm-c¿∏n-® ˛ _en-Im-gvN-I-fn¬ sXfn-b-W-ta.

8. X¬ ImgvN-I-fn¬ ]oXn-sbm-tS -˛ -tam-Nn-°pI IS-`m-c-ßƒ

thZ-\-bm-‰n- p-J-ta-‰n ˛ °d-I-sf-sb√mw ambn-°.

t\¿®-°p¿∫m\

9. t\¿®-Z-imwiw doio-km ˛ sb∂n-h-bn¬ Xncp-hp-f-am-I.

B¨s]ä-°sf kwc-£n ˛ ®m¿Z-X-tXm-∂-Wta arX-cn¬.

ssZh-am-Xmhv

10. aln-am-\m-b-I-\o-timbmw ˛ kXy-]-c≥X≥ amXm-hmbv

\n¿Ω-e-I-\yI [\y-h-Xn ˛ adn-bm-an≥ ]m¿∞-\-bmte

…o_m

11. \oXo-I-cWw X∂-cpfn ZpjvS≥ arXn-bn-h-I-fn¬ \n∂pw

c£n-®m-Zy-]-Zw-tN¿Ø ˛ ain-lm-X≥ …o_m-bmte

12. dqlm-X≥ \nizm-k-sa-gpw ˛ \n_n-b-∑m¿ «ol-∑mcpw

_enbmsbmcp kl-tZ-∑m-cpw ˛ \oXn-]n-bcpw ]m¿∞n-∏-q.

13. hnizm-k-Øn\p _lp-a-ln-am ˛ thIn-bm-XmX¿ hnip-≤-∑m¿

]cn-ip-≤mw-K-\-am¿ kXy ˛ kp∂-l-tZm- p-I-f¿∞n-∏q.

km[m-cWw

14. sshZnI k÷\ kwL-a-Xm ˛ aobp-t≈m-c-Jn-e-cn¬ \n∂pw

XmX-kp-Xm-a-e-dq-lm-bv°p ˛ kvXpXnbpw ]pIgpw ImZo-ipw.

15. hmgvØpI Rßsf tZthim! ImØ-cp-fpI \n¿Ωm-Xmth!

I¿Ømth! XpW-bm-b-ht\! ImWn-°-Wta Poh-h-gn.

am¿ At]-ans‚ cmKw

(2)

ssZh-am-Xmhv

16. ip≤n-ip-Nn-Xz-ß-fn-sem-cp-t]m¬ ˛ iobpw ]Iz-Xbpw \ndbpw

hmgvhp-Itfdnb `mKy-h-Xn ˛ amXm-hn≥ ]m¿∞-\-bmte


…o_m

17. Poh-kp-X≥ Iqin-X-\m-bn ˛ t»mWn-Xhpw Pehpw hm¿Øp˛

temItØ tamNn-∏n-® ˛ …o_m X≥ hocyØmse

km[m-cWw

18. A_-dm-lm-tam-Sn-k-lm-°pw ˛ bmt°m-s_-∂o-Øm-X-∑m¿

cmPym-flP [¿Ωn-jvT-∑m ˛ cnh¿X≥ kzoIrX _en-t]m-se.

BZy-hn-fhv

19. I¿Ømth! Ipdp-_m-\-bn-Xpw ˛ t\¿®-Z-imw-i-ß-fp-ta‰v

hmgvØpIth-e-I-tfm-sSm-∏w ˛ tXm∏p-Iƒ hnØp-Isf∂n-hsb.

20. hmgvØpI Rßsf tZthim! ˛ ImØ-cp-fp-I- \n¿Ωm-Xmth!

I¿Ømth! XpW-bm-b-ht\! ˛ ImWn-°-Wta Poh-h-gn.

21. D¬Ir-jvS-cp-aXn-Zo\cp-amw ˛ kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m-tc-h¿°pw

kwL-tØmsS ka-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ ˛ I¿Ør-hcw kn≤n-°-s´.

22. am¿ bqlm-t\m≥kv\m]-I-\pw ˛ siΩm-»≥ kvtX∏m-t\m pw

`mKy-sagpw _¿ku-ambpw ˛ k®-cn-X≥ tkho-td-bpw.

23. A·n-]-`-\n-·m-tØ-tbm-kv ˛ At¥m-Wo-tbmkv hnip-X\mw

KotKm-dn-tbm- p-∂-X-\mw ˛ _mt epw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

2Hcp al®caw

(]pØ≥Imhn¬ sIm®pXncpta\n (am¿ ]oeIvknt\mkv) 1951 G]n¬

17 \p Imew sNbvX AhkcØn¬ k`mIhn lrZbws\m¥v FgpXnb

Km\amWnXv)

F¥mWtΩ h©namXmth! ˛ F∂ coXn

1. BImihoYnbn¬ Pzen®p ˛ \ns∂m˛

cmZnXy afie˛

amipIm¿taLØn¬ ad™p!

2. hm\°Sem n¬ Icn¶m˛dmIpw

tcJbmeoizc≥

\ncymWhm¿Øsbms∂gpXn.


3. ]≈naWn apgßnSp∂p˛P\w

kwànt®mSp∂p

]mbp∂p ImdpIft\Iw

4. Ip∂wIpfßc∏≈nbn¬˛h®p

sIm®pXncpta\n

ImewsNbvsXs∂mcp\n\mZw!

5. [oc]pcpj∑m¿ Ic™p˛]mcw

kvXoIƒ hne]n®p

Ip™pßfºc∂pg∂p.

6. taml\amsbmcp cYØn¬˛h®p

tImafamwKmXw

tIm´bsØØn®p hn[nt]m¬.

7. ImtXmen°m_mhm lrZbw˛s\m¥p

tNtXmlc\mb

tkmZcs\ bmXbb®p.

8. l¥! Xncph√m Ign™p˛XmX≥

kz¥ _tYent\m˛

S¥ybmX ]d™ndßn.

9. arXyphnt[b\mbv hnf¿Ø˛Xs‚

]pXs\°≠t∏mƒ

]pØ≥Imthm s]mń°c™p!

10. ]men∏m≥ im¥nbo k`bn¬˛\nXyw

]m™p\Ss∂mcp

]mZßfn∂p \n›eambv!

11. kvt\lw Xpfpºp∂ \b\w˛c≠pw

ssNX\ya‰Xp

ImWp∂sXßs\ ]nbtc!

12. lrZyhnt\mZØneKm[˛XØzw

NnXoIcn°phm≥

i‡nsbgpw \mhpw Ipg™p!

13. P∑tZiØpX≥ ]nXm°˛sfm∂n˛

®n∂p Xncpta\n

hniataev°p∂p kkpJw.

]pØ≥Im-hn¬

Xncp-ta\n


14. AtΩ! ae¶tc! hnipt≤˛C∂˛

°¿Ω[oc≥ kpX≥

\tΩ shSn™tøm ad™p!

15. Xpºa¨]≈o \n∑\ n˛s\∂pw

XpºaI‰ps∂m˛

cnºtadpw ]nb≥ ad™p!

16. Hma√q¿]≈o \n∑lØz˛tadpw

t]akzcq]s\

Hma∑pJn ImWn√n\nbpw!

17. ssI∏´q¿]≈o \n∂pbncmw˛Im¥≥

s]mbvt]mbn IjvSta

Ibvt]msS hmhn´p Icbq.

18. am°mwIp∂n≥ aX]kwK˛thZn

amWn°cXv\sa≥˛

amtemItc! s]mńØI¿∂p!

19. hnZym\ntIX\w bmsXm∂m˛tWm¿Øm¬

]Ø\wXn´bv°n˛

®nØ]`m]qcacpfn?

20. A⁄mXamw Xa I‰n˛\mń¬

hn⁄m\kqcy\mbv

cmPn∏pbmsXmcp `h\w?

21. A°mtXment°‰n∂p ]cn˛`mK˛

Øp¬°SIm¥ntbm˛

SpPzen® Xmcw s]men™p!

22. thZm¥ hmcn[n hnZKv[˛hm‹n

HuZmcy tIZmc˛

amZ¿i kº∂≥ kp[oc≥,

23. F∂ohn[w alZvKpWßƒ˛Xnßn

a∂n¬ ]tim`n®

hµy ]nXmsh∂pw Pbn°pw.

24. k¿∆ kabhpw kl¿jw˛kn≤≥

kvt\ln®p kpµcw

k¿∆ kapZmb kulm¿±w.


25. IÆocp \njvêw \ap°p˛KXn

\n¿Æbsam∂p Xm≥

]pWy]nXmhns‚ hN\w.

26. kØa\mIpan÷\I≥˛Xs‚

\nXymfl im¥nbv°mbv

]m¿∞n®nSmw \ap°Pkw.

3]dpZokbnse ]m´v

(I¿Ω[oc\mb ]pØ≥Imhn¬ sIm®pXncpta\n ]ctemIØpw

krjvSn]camb ]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ G¿s∏ńcn°p∂Xmbn k`mIhn

hn`mh\w sNøp∂p).

A∂\S

CsXs¥mc¤pXw! 1kpc\nebØn¬]Xnhn√msØmcp \nXm¥ aqIX!Pzen°pa·nbn¬ Pesamgn®t]m¬\ne®p hm\hkZ nse§oXwhnc≠p K_ntb¬ Ac≠p aoJmtb¬kpc∑mscm∂msI ]I®p\n∂pt]mbv!

]cnkc`qhn¬ ]cnekn°p∂]cakpµc ]dpZokn¬\n∂p]c∂p aµambpb¿∂nXt∂c˛samcp at\mlc a[pckwKoXw

NndIpIƒ \oń°pdp\nc tImXn˛∏d™p aoJmtb¬ kJmhnt\mtShw2\nbXan§oXw a[pcsa¶nepw\nbaZrjvSnbn¬ 3\ndw Ipd™Xmw\neb¶nbpsS Ddbn¬ ssIbn´pXe Ipep°ns°m≠pc®p K_ntb¬Kln®mepw ktJ! hnimeam\k!alm∑mscs∏mgpw \nbamXoX∑m¿\ndw Ipd™mepw ktlmZcm CXn≥kzcKpWsØbmc]e]n®nSpwI\Ø 4I≠Iw sNSnbneps≠¶n¬]\n\o¿∏qhn≥ XqaWw sISpØptam?

Ahµao KoXhnZKv≤s\KvKqVw


\ap°p ImWWw ]pds∏Smw ktJ!XcØntehw sNm∂ncphcpw 5apZm]ckv]cw ssItIm¿Øndßn kXzcwCc´ s]m∏√¿ hnam\w t]meh¿]d∂p ]ms™Øn ]dpZokn¬ZpXw

XfncpIƒ Xp≈n°fn°p∂p Im‰n¬InfnIfmthmfw s]mgn°p∂p KoXw]fps¶mfnsh≈w \nd™ \memdpIfIfsØmSp hn\n¿§fn°p∂p.

kpcayimJIƒ hnS¿ØnbmImi...apcpΩn \n¬°p∂ hShr£wt]mseAhnsS hmgp∂p ]nXm°∑m¿ aqh¿AhdlmankmIv b°q_s\∂nh¿hnimeamahcpsS aSnIfn¬inip°sft∏mse hnlcn∏q P\w.

AXnibw Iqdn∏d™p aoJmtb¬CsX¥pIqØmWn∏pXpa I≠nt√hS°tØ Zzo]w 6]cntkNn°p∂XSn\nX≥ sXt°ØSØn¬ lrØSwXpSn∏n°pw 7]pØ≥ae¿°mhnsemcp8s\Snbaµncw \b\taml\wASpØ 9sN¶p∂n≥ Ncnhnte°p X≥hnS¿∂ ItÆmSn®pc®p K_ntb¬]Sn™mdn∂mfn¬ XSmIambvIt≠m˛cnSØnens∂mcp 10at\mlcmebwsamgn™p aoJmtb¬ 11Ing°p ]≠tlmapg®ncps∂mcm 12»neIsfßpt]mbv?Hcp c≠mw kz¿§Krl13am°m\n∂p]catbmKyXbnbepa°p∂n¬\Spap‰w X∂n¬ ]S¿∂ ap¥ncn˛s®Snbn¬ ]£nIƒ Nen®nSp∂XmbvanSn®pan∂p∂p Ia\obIm¥n˛bpSseSpsØmcp 14NXpc aµncw

hnZqcZrjvSnbmbnabv°msX \n∂phZn®p aoJmtbeXoh IuXpIw.

hcpanf¶m‰n¬ XncX√oSp∂15hcc‡mw_c arZpetfmlbw,IpcnipIƒan∂pw XpIn¬aIpShpwAcs°ńsemcp 16LSnImcs®∏pw.[cn®p ImcpWyw Xpfpºpw t\XØm¬


]c∂ am\hkapZsØ t\m°narKm[n\mYs‚ Kwòc`mhhpw17JKßfnecn∏ndmhn≥ im¥nbpwHtckabØp `cn°p∂ apJ˛18ktcmPaps≈mcp ]pcpj]pwKh≥]pdIn¬ ssIsIńbek`mhØn¬˛epd®p]mSns°m≠hnsS \n¬°p∂p.

Ahi\mbv \n∂ ]nb≥ anJmtbtem˛ShktcmNnXw ]d™p K_ntb¬A\pKln°msX hnSn√ \ns∂sb˛∂\¥hocyØmepc®p t]mcmSnbtlmhsb sh∂nńkdtbse∂alm_ncpZw ]s≠mcp \c≥ t\Sn!

KncnI¿tΩ¬ apX¬ iacytbmfhpw]cmfli‡nbmecN\mlm_n≥Xzcn∏n®tXcn≥ ]ptcm`qhn]cmNcnt®mtcenbm ]cnNnX\t√?

P\ItZhs‚ hN\ambnSpwX\b\ois\ hN\ØmsemcpI\m\ykm[pkvXo samgnapń®nt√?a\pjyPmXnbv°n∂km≤ysa¥phm≥!?]cØnse∏mń≥ eLpXztam¿Ønt´m]dpZokm]mń≥ alXztam¿Ønt´mAS¿∂phoWpt]msbmcpt]memkpc˛

`S∑m¿X≥ IhnƒØSØn¬ IÆp\o¿.

1. kpc\nebw = kpc∑mcpsS `h\w, tZhtemIw, kz¿§w.

2. \nbXan§oXw = Xo¿®bmbpw Cu ]m´v.

3. \ndw Ipd™Xv = kpdnbm\ncmKsØ kw_‘n® sshIeyw.

4. I≠Iw = ap≈v.

5. apZm = kkt¥mjw.

6. CS\mSpw, ]ºm\Znbpw

7. ]pØ≥Imhv,

8. satSmt∏menØ≥ F®v. Fkv. 9. sNß∂q¿.

10. _tY¬ Nm∏¬. 11. ]Ø\wXn´.

12. am°mwIp∂nse ]mds°´pIƒ. 13. am°mwIp∂v.

14. t_kn¬ Zbdm. 15. hc .... tfml = \√ sNa∂ Ip∏mbw.

16. XpIn¬aIpSw = XpWn°ncoSw.

17. LSnImcs®∏v = t]m°‰p hm®v.

18. JKw = ]£n.

19. apJktcmPw = apJamIp∂ Xmac∏qhv.


4ImtXm-en°m Zn\ awKf Km\w

(D-S-tbm≥ \mYm-˛-Kn-cn-ko-\m-˛-F∂ coXn)

ImtXm-en-°m-˛-a-ln-am-k-\-th-Zn-˛-bvs°m-fn-bmbv hne-kp∂

sshZnI hnZym-tK-k-ct\! kXym-Nm-c-]-cm-b-Wt\!

hm\-h-Im-¥n-sbgpw P\Im! \mYm _mhm Xncp-ta\o

hmWmepw \oWm-f-Xn-tamZw!

ko\m-bv-˛-ta-L-˛-Kw-ò-c-ap-g-°w-˛-X-¶-segpw XmXm

Hmô¿ X¶ at\m-l-ct\! imtcm≥]-\na-e¿ kpµ-ct\!

sl¿tΩm-\n≥ ]\n-\n¿Ω-es\! I¿tΩ¬a-e-t]m-ep-∂-Xt\!

hmWmepw \oWm-f-Xn-tamZw

t]¿jym-\m- n¬- -am¿tØm-Ωm-\- - -a-ln-a-\n-d-t™mcm˛

ap¥ncn ImÏa-e-¶-c-bn¬-˛-kp-µ-c-ambv ]S-cp-∂t√m

AXns\ \\®p hf¿Øp-t∂m-˛-c-cp-a-sbgpw tXm´-°mcm


Cu ku`mKyw ImWm≥ sImXn-tbm-sS˛hmW alm-flm-°ƒ

tLmc-\n-cm-i-tbm-S-h-km\w ]mcn-Xp-hn´p ]mcw ]qIn

Ct∂-g-Iƒ angnbpw Icfpw Ifn-sc-°mWpw Xncp-ta\o


]mcnSsa∂˛\-√m-cm-a-Øn¬-˛-sN-dn-tbmcp ISp-Ip-acw!

\mep-h-i-ß-fn¬ hoip∂ imJ-I-f-\-h-[n-b-Xn-\p-≠v,

AXn-e-acpw Infn-I-fn-te‰pw hna-e-X-t]dpw Ipdp-]mth!


BSp-Iƒ at≤y-h-Sn-tb-¥n-sbm-cp-Ø≥ \ne-sIm-fp-∂t√m

t]cp-]-d™p hnfn-°p-tºm-˛-tfm-tcm-∂-cn-I-Ø-W-bp-∂p,

Ah-sb-t∏m-eo-∏m-\p-bncpw If-bm≥ aSn-bn-√m-Øn-Sbm!


Zpcn-X-°-S-en≥-˛-Xn-c-bn¬Xm-W-h-sc-˛-I-c-tI‰pw ]Sth!

Ccp-fn¬ sXfnbpw Xmc-Ita! acp-hn≥ \Sp-hnse \ocp-dth!

ae-ta-e-acpw \¬]p-cta! ae-¶-c-bpsS aW-hmfm



5as‰mcp awKf Km\w

(am¿ HutK≥ ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_m-h-bpsS 89-˛mw hb- n¬,

ÿm\m-tcm-l-W-Zn-\-amb sabv 22 \p (1972) kn. ]n. Nm≠n cNn®

A¿∞-\n¿ -c-amb awK-f-Km-\-am-Wn-Xv. ae-¶c k` Ih¿ t]Pn¬ _mhm-

bpsS NnXw klnXw tN¿Ø-Xm-Wv).

(]u-eqkv «olm [\y≥ F∂ coXn)

ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bmao

am -em- J

sX°-\p-aßp hS-°n∂pw

I¿°-i-X¿°p aXn-gn-hm°n

"ioabv°pw ae-_m-dn∂pw'

imiz-Xamw t«mtΩm \¬In

CS-X-S-sh-∂nsb Xm¿°n-Itcm

SS-cm-Snb knwlm-k-\sa!

l¥ Ipcp-ØXp \o Xobn¬

shbn-e-Ø-ßs\ \o hmSpw

6Nm≠n kmdns‚ Ubdnbn¬

\n∂pw Nne IhnXIƒ

kn≤∑mcpsS I_dcntI]cn˛

ip≤∑mtcmSp bp≤w sNbvhm≥

s]mfn\ndbpw ]WkmØmt\ \o

s]mfnhm Imńbncn∏p≠s√m

F∂pw \¬IWta

\mYm \√nSbm!

Rßƒt°IWta

N°∏pgtamd˛

©nÕen ]©mc˛

B∏nƒ ss]\m∏nƒ


]p´p]gw sdmń

]∏Stamwe‰v

]meSISve‰v

Icnao≥ Imc‰v

ss]t¥≥_nkv°‰v

sXmSpIdn ^njvtamfn

eSph’≥ t_mfn

ap¥ncn X°mfn

i¿°c tX≥ Imfn

ssXcp]pfnt»cn

tXmcs\cnt»cn

]®Sn s]mcn]qcn

In®Snbpt∏cn

F√msam∂n√m

sX∂peht\IWta.

Ggp IqZmiIƒ

amΩ®\p amtΩmZokm

tacn°p aqtdm\`ntjIw

Ipdnbmt°mkn\p Ipºkmcw

en√n°pń°p IeymWw

Ip™nsØmΩ\p Ipdphm\

sIm®∏®\p ssIhbv]v

ss]enaq∏\p ssXew ]qi¬

GgmtWhw IpńItf! IqZmiItfgm.

kz¿Æ\mhpImc\mb Cuhm\ntbmkns‚

A¥yhN\ßƒ

kºsØ√mw Ihcs´

Xpºsa\n°pXcnºn√

Rm\nhnsSØn shdpwssIbmbv

t]mIpw XncnsI shdpwssIbmbv

Ft∂ \mSp ISØs´

a∂nXnepStbm\ps≠ßpw

sIm√s´s∂°t√dm¬

kvtX^mt\mkns\ Rmt\m¿°pw


hmfnse \o Xe hois´

kv\m]Icßƒ kvt\lnX\mbv

Bgnbnses∂Ø≈s´.

Btbm\mcn_nsb≥ tXmg≥

knwl°pgnbXnens´∂m¬

Zm\otbeps≠≥ apºn¬

hen®p Nqfbnsednbs´

F\n°p XpWbss∏Xßƒ

Ft∂hmfm¬ Iods´

Gimbm Xcpamizmkw.


7\ΩpsS Bcm[\mKoXßƒ

kn. ]n. Nm≠n

iniphpw ]iphpw amXa√ ]mºp t]mepw kwKoXckw BkzZn-

°p∂p F∂mWt√m A`n⁄hN\w. Cu B\µZmbIamb kwKoXw

BZyImew apX¬t° ssZhmcm[\bnepw Hcp apJyÿm\w hln®n-

cp∂p. GXp mjbnsebpw kmlnXyØns‚ BZycq]w ]ZyabamsW-

∂pw B ]Zyßƒ ]mtbW ssZhkvtXmX]cßfmsW∂pw kIe

`mjmKthjI∑mcpw kΩXn°p∂p≠v. Cuizcs\ kvXpXn®p hµn-

°p∂ coXn C∂pan∂sebpap≠mbn´p≈X√. F√m aX°m¿°pw

"kvXpXnbpw, kvtXmXhpw' kw_‘n® KoXßƒ hfscbp≠v.

\ΩpsS Bcm[\bn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂ KoXßsf kw_‘n® Npcp-

°w Nne ImcyßfmWv Cu teJ\Øn\p hnjbam°phm≥ Dt±in°p-

∂Xv.

\ΩpsS kIe Bcm[\mKoXßfpw hncNn®n´p≈Xp kpdnbm\n

`mjbnemWv. ASpØ Imew hsc F√m IqZmiIfpw A\pjvTn®n-

cp∂Xv kpdnbm\n mjbn¬Øs∂bmbncp∂p. Bcy∑m¿ kwkvIrX-

Øn\pw aplΩZob¿ Ad_n°pw F∂ t]mse kpdnbm\n°m¿ kpdn-

bm\n°pw ZnhyXzw Iev]n®pt]mcp∂p. "taep≈ Dbcßfn¬ kz¿-

§ob amemJam¿' kwkmcn°p∂Xp kpdnbm\nbnemsW∂pw, ssZhw

Xºpcm≥ GZ≥tXm´Øn¬ BZmant\mSp kwkmcn®Xpw \ΩpsS c£-

I\mb InkvXp Xs‚ a\pjymhXmcImeØp temI¿°v D]tZiw

\evInbXpw B mjbn¬ Xs∂bmbncps∂∂pw Nne ]cnip≤ ]nXm-

°∑m¿ tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v. kpdnbm\nbpsS Dev]Øn F∂X√s√m

\ΩpsS Nn¥mhnjbw. GXmbmepw Hcp Imcyw XeIpep°n kΩ-

Xnt® aXnbmhq ˛ kpdnbm\n kwKoXmflIamb Hcp `mjbmsW-

∂p≈ Imcyw. kpdnbm\n KoXihWØn¬ kwKoXhntZzjnIƒ

t]mepw B\µØn¬ BdmSn aXnad∂p Xebmń \n∂p t]mIpsa-

∂p≈Xp \apt°h¿°pw A\p`hs∏´psIm≠ncn°p∂ Hcp ]cam¿-

∞amWv. C‰enbnse C‰menb≥ mjbpw ]©m_nse KpcpapJnbpw

kwKoXmflIamsW¶nepw Ah kpdnbm\nsb anI®p \n¬°pIbns√-

∂mWp hnZKv≤m`n]mbw. kpdnbm\n KoXßfpsS am[pcyØn¬ B\-

µaS™ncp∂ \ΩpsS ]q¿∆nI∑m¿°v AXns‚ A¿∞w IqSn Kln-

°p∂Xn\p kzm`mhnIambn HcmKlw D≠msb¶nepw kz¿§ob


`mjbpsS ÿm\Øv euInI`mjbp]tbmKn°p∂Xp alm]mXI-

ambn IcpXnbncp∂ A°meØp `mjm¥coIcWw Nn¥m¿lamb

Hcp kwKXnbmbncp∂n√.

F¶nepw kpdnbm\nk`bpsS NncIme ]m¿∞\bpsS êambn

\S∏n¬h∂ thZ]pkvXI X¿÷a kpdnbm\nIaßfpsS mjm¥co-

IcWØn\p hgnsXfn®p. Aßs\ Nne aebmf`mjm kmlnXy

\mbI∑mcpsS klmbØm¬ ae¶c k`m`mkpc\mbncp∂ h´t»-

cn¬ KohdpKokv am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv Xncpta\nbpsS ImeØp ]cn`m-

js∏SpØnb `mKßfmWp IywXm ]m¿∞\mIahpw Ip¿∫m\I-

ahpw. AXn\p apºpw Nne X¿÷aIsfms° D≠mbn´ps≠¶nepw

Ahsb√mw Xs∂ kmlnXyhnIeßfmbncp∂p. F∂m¬ IywXmbpw

Ip¿∫m\Iahpw kmlnXy`wKnbpw kwKoXa[pcnabpw hgns™m-

gpIp∂ c≠v DØa IemkrjvSnIfmWv.

"alnasbmS°_do∂p ]pds∏ókrjvSnIsf

tim`n∏ns®mcptim`bXmtaip kvXpXy\tlm'

FcnXo\nchnótdZqX\ndßns®∂p

CXsamSpadnbmw KrlaXn¬ \ktdØn¬ sNm√nbnXp

.... XpSßnb `mKßƒ GsXmcp lrZbsØbmWv B\µ]chi-

am°nØo¿°mØXv. CØcw KoXßƒ tIƒ°ptºmƒ Pe_nµp°-

fmIp∂ apØpaWnIƒ NnXdn ]mds°´pIfn¬ IqSn hf™p ]pf-

s™mgpIp∂ Hcp ]qt©mebpsS ]XoXnbmWp \ap°p≠mIp∂Xv.

F∂m¬ IjvSsat∂ ]dtb≠Xp≈p, Cu IpbnepIfpsS CSbn¬

Nne Im°Iƒ Hfn®ncn∏p≠v. ]m¬∏mbkw IpSn®p ckn®psIm≠ncn-

°ptºmƒ I√p ISn°m\nSbmbm¬ AsXX \ock]ZamWv. kmln-

XyØns‚ ]mYanI]mTßƒ t]mepw ]Tn®nń√mØhcpsS "ssI-

°p‰∏mSpIƒ' F∂v H‰t\m´Øn¬ a\ nem°mhp∂ Nne "hnIrX-

X¿÷aIƒ' Cu at\mlcKoXmhenIfpsS CSbn¬ \pg™pIbdn-

bncn∏ps≠∂p≈ hmkvXhw A[nIamfpIfdn™n´ps≠∂p tXm∂p-

∂n√.

"\n∂mƒ kvXpXnsbmSp cmPaIƒ' F∂ KoXw ]cntim[n°mw.

"cmPaIƒ' F∂ kamkw km[qIcn°m≥ hfsc ]bmkap≠v.

t]mIs´ AsXmcp aWn]hmfkamkamsW∂p kΩXn°mw. "cmP`m-

an\n', "h¿≤n°pah¿°p XpjvSn ]pjvSnIfpw' F∂o ÿm\ßfn¬

hrØØns‚ Imcyw hnkvacn®ncn°pIbmWv. "\o \ns‚ P\sØbpw

]nXr`h\sØbpw hnkvacn°pI' F∂ Bibw Bhnjv°cn®ncn-


°p∂Xv Fßs\sb∂p t\m°pI. "\n≥P\tam¿°mbvI ]nXrKrl-

hpw.' kpdnbm\nbnse aqew Adnbm≥ ]mSn√mØh¿°v Cu ASnbpsS

A¿∞w In´pIbn√. "\bhm≥ ]\t]mse Xf¿ØnSpta' F∂p

tI´m¬ kndnbmbnse \bams\ Hm¿°p∂hcp≠mbncn°mw. \bhm≥

F∂ Cu ]pXnb hm°v GX¿∞ØnemWv D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv?

IywXmbpsS cmXnbnse "Iqin¬ Xq°n˛®m sklntbms\ \o °nb

avinlm kvXpXy≥' F∂nßs\bp≈ c≠p ]Zyßƒ bXn`wKØns‚

tIfocwKamWv. \ΩpsS ssIImepIƒ°p ap´pIfn√msX h∂mep≈

sshjayamWp bXn`wKap≈ ]m´pIƒ tIƒ°ptºmƒ A\p`hs∏-

SpI. Cßs\ CSbv°p XncpIn h®n´p≈ tamiamb ]m´pIƒ Dt]-

£n®p X¬ÿm\Øp \√ X¿÷aIƒ Iqńt®¿t°≠ Imew hfsc

AXnIan®ncn°p∂p.

IywXmbpsS X¿÷abv°p tijw X¿÷a ]ÿm\Øn¬ Hcp

thentb‰w Xs∂bp≠mbn. AXn∂pw \ne®n´ps≠∂p tXm∂p∂n√.

hmsfSpØhsc√mw shfn®∏mS∑mcmbn. kpdnbm\n ]Tn®hsc√mw

]m´p X¿÷a°mcmbn. Htc "Ia'Øn\p Xs∂ knΩ\mcn tXmdpw,

Biaw tXmdpw, Zbdm tXmdpw X¿÷aIfp≠mbn. kwKoXw Hcp

kapZmb Imcyat√? kapZmbØnse I£nt`Zw kwKoXtØbpw ]nSn-

IqSn. Hmtcm I£n°pw ]tXyI X¿÷aIfp≠mbn. kmlnXy`wKnbpw

hymIcW\nbahpsams° t]mIs´, ]mń\p hrØw AYhm A£c

\nbaimkvXw Fs∂mcp kwKXn BhiyamsW∂p≈ Imcyw C°q-

´¿ AhKWn®p If™ncn°pIbmWv. tNmf]finX\mb D±fi≥

]≠p mjmIhnIsf∏‰n ]d™Xv Chsc kw_‘n®pw icnbmbn´p-

≈XmWv: At±lw ]d™Xnßs\bmWv: "Cu `mjmIhnhrµw

Nµ\p XpeyamWv. h√t∏mgpta hrØsamØp hcnIbp≈p.' Cu Zp¿±-

ibv°p kwKoX]oUbpsS Imew F∂p t]cp ]dbmsa∂p tXm∂p∂p.

Cu B]XvL´Øn¬ \n∂p kwKoXw c£nXamIWsa¶n¬ \ΩpsS

sshZnI∑mcn¬ \n∂p kmlnXyhoc∑m¿ Fgpt∂¬°msX KXy¥c-

an√. sshZnI∑m¿ kpdnbm\nbnepw aebmfØnepw kwkvIrXØnepw

H∂pt]mse ]mfinXyw t\Sn kmlnXy Iemkp`Kamb KoXßƒ°p

amXw tijvTm\paXn \¬Ip∂ G¿∏mSp \S∏n¬ hcpØmsX Cu

hn\ \oßnt∏mhpIbn√. C∂p tijvTm\paXn Xosc hnebn√mØ

Hcp ImcyambnØo¿∂ncn°p∂p. tijvTXtbm A\paXntbm IqSmsX

Xs∂ Ct∂Xp ]pkvXIhpw tijvTm\paXn `qjnXamWv. Cu

A[x]X\mhÿbn¬ \n∂v Bcm[\mKoXßsf D≤cn°p∂ hnjb-

Øn¬ \ΩpsS Iemimebv°pw sshZnI tImfPn\pw \nkvXpe tkh-

\ßƒ A\pjvTn°mhp∂XmWv.


kpdnbm\n cmKßƒ sshtZinIamIbm¬ KoXßƒ hrØm\p-

hrØambn X¿÷a sNømsX AhbpsS Bibßƒ°\ptbmPyamb

aebmfcmKßfn¬ hnh¿Ø\w sNøp∂Xp \∂mbncn°psa∂p Nne¿°-

`n]mbap≠v. hnπhIcamb Cu ]cnh¿Ø\Øn\p Imew Ipsd°qSn

th≠nhcpsa∂p tXm∂p∂p. cmKsØ kw_‘n®msW¶n¬ ]uckvXy-

sat∂m ]m›mXysat∂m D≈ hyXymkw KWyas√∂p ]dbmw. ]c-

kv]cw kmayap≈ cmKßfpw hrØßfpw hn`n∂ `mjIfn¬ ImWp-

tºmƒ \mw A¤pX]cX¥cmbnt∏mIpw. Xmsg°pdn°p∂ kpdnbm\n

cmKßfpsSbpw \mS≥]m´pIfpsSbpw kmZriyw t\m°pI:

1. tamdm≥ Fkdmlmw taebv≥

lmsimIv dmt_mZltem^bv≥

"]mth! ]mth! t]mIcptX

hm hm Iqń\IØm°mw.'

2. IcpW \ndt™mt\!

]p\cp∞m\Øn¬

\n∂psS krjvSnsb \o

]pXpXm°otSWw.

"N°bv°p∏pt≠m?

sXt°ms´∏t∏mw

A—≥ sImºØv

AΩ hcºØv.

3. ZmhoZmw XmX≥ X≥ hchnßs\ I≠t∏mƒ

HmSns®∂m hoWbpambn

°ºn apdp°p∂p

"Bgvhmt©cnØºm°fnep≠øºpeb\nep˛

≠mZnXy\neps≠∂pIranIfnep≠Xn≥ ]cnkv^pcWw.'

amXa√, apIfn¬ H∂mw \ºcn¬ ImWn®n´p≈Xpw At]ans‚

cmKw F∂p \mw ]dbp∂Xmb hrØØn¬ a‰p c≠p mjIfnep≈

Hmtcm ]Zyw IqSn Xmsg Ipdn®p sIm≈s´.

Twinkle Twinkle Little StarHow I wonder what you areUp above the world so highLike a diamond in the sky


cLp]XncmLhcmPmdmw

]XoX]mh\ koXmdmw

Cuiz¿ A≈m tXtc \mw

k_vtImk∑Xn tZ `Khm≥

kpdnbm\n Km\cNbnXm°fn¬ ]apJ∑mcmb am¿ At]w, am¿

bmt°m_v, am¿ _membn F∂o ]nXm°∑mcpsS t]cpIfn¬ Adnb-

s∏Sp∂ aq∂p cmKßƒ°pw kam\amb ZmhnUhrØßƒ \ap°p-

s≠∂v Cu DZmlcWßfn¬ \n∂pw a\ nem°mhp∂XmWv. AXn-

\m¬ kpdnbm\n cmKßƒ ]cIobamsW∂p apZbSn®p \ncmIcn-

°m≥ \nhrØnbns√∂p hcp∂p.

C\nbpw KoX]cn`mjsb°pdn®mWv Aev]w ]dbphm\p≈Xv. Ipd-

™ A£cßfn¬ IqSpX¬ Bibw Dƒs°m≈n°p∂Xn\p kpdn-

bm\n `mjbv°p≈ Ignhv H∂p ]tXyIamWv. CXtØmfw Ignhp

kwkvIrX mjbv°p t]mepw Cs√∂p ]dbmw. I¿Ømhpw I¿Ωhpw

Inbbpw IqSn H‰hm°n¬ HXp°n \n¿Øp∂ kµ¿`ßƒ kpdnbm-

\nbn¬ Npcp°a√. Ahs\s∂ hnfn°pw F∂ Bibw hy‡am-

°m≥ Hcp sNdnb hm°p amXw ]tbmKn®m¬ aXnbmIpw. X¿÷a

]Zm\p]Zambncn°Wsa∂p kpdnbm\n ]finX\pw KpWhpw kmln-

Xy`wKnbpw hnSm≥ ]mSns√∂p Km\cNbnXmhpw \n¿_‘w ]nSn°p-

tºmƒ Km\ßfpsS emfnXyw \jvSs∏Sphm\nSbp≠v. AXn\m¬ Ccp-

`mjIfnepw Hcpt]mse ]mhoWyap≈h¿ Dt]£Wobhpw A\pt]-

£Wobhpamb Awißƒ Ghsb∂p \n›bn®p efnX`mjbn¬

Km\ßƒ FgpXpI F∂ ]≤XnbmWp kzoImcyam°nbn´p≈Xv. Aan-

Xamb hnti-jW t[mc-Wn-Ifpw ae-bmf `mj-°m¿°v A]-cn-Nn-X-

amb ]tXyI ssienIfpw kpdnbm\nbn¬ [mcmfap≠v. "AXn\mte

Rßƒ°p c£bp≠mbn F∂ …o_m', "]m]nIƒ AXn¬ ap´p∂p

F∂ hmXn¬ CXmIp∂p', "X∂m¬ kIehpw \n¿Ωn°s∏´h≥',

apXemb ]tbmKßƒ aebmf ssien°\ptbmPyas√∂p≈ Imcyw

kphy‡amWv. XymPyKmlyßfpw hniZoIcWm¿lßfpamb Awi-

ßƒ a\ nem°n A`n\µ\m¿lamb coXnbn¬ KoXßƒ mjm¥co-

Icn°phm≥ hfsc t¢int°≠n hcpw.

KoX]cn`mjbn¬ \sΩ A`napJoIcn°p∂ as‰mcp hnja]iv\w

Hcp ]m´p Xs∂ ]e coXnbn¬ (\ndw) sNm√Ø°Xpt]mse FgpXpI

F∂p≈XmWv. F´p cmKØn¬ sNm√m≥ ]‰nb hn[Øn¬ A¤pX-

Icamb cN\mkma¿∞ytØmSp IqSnbmWp kpdnbm\n KoXßƒ \n¿-

Ωn°s∏ńcn°p∂sX∂v Hcp Iq´w BfpIƒ [cn®phimbn´p≠v. B


[mcWbv°p bmsXmcSnÿm\hpan√, \ońbpw Ipdp°nbpw bXn (pau-se) am‰nbpw CSbv°nsS ˛ HtΩm ˛ Cøo ˛ Ftø ˛ AΩm ˛ F∂o

\nc¿∞I i_vZßƒ Iqńt®¿ØpamWv Cu cmK sshhn≤yØns‚

krjvSn \n¿hln°p∂Xv. F¥p Xs∂ FgpXnbmepw thWsa¶n¬

cmKw am‰n sNm√Ø°Xpt]msebp≈ Hcp sI´p]mSmWp kpdnbm\n

`mjbv°p≈Xv. shdpw KZyw Xs∂bmbncp∂mepw bXn HØp hcp-

∂ps≠¶n¬ ]mńem°m≥ ]tXyIns®m∂pw sNøWsa∂n√. Aßp

]mSns°m≠m¬ aXnbmIpw. kpdnbm\n A£camebpsS ˛ Hmem^v,

t_kv, tKma¬, tZmemZv F∂nßs\bp≈ 22 t]cpIƒ Gtggv

A£cw \n¿Øns®m√nbm¬ At]ans‚ A\yq\amb cmKw kn≤n®p

Ign™p! hrØimkvX]Imcw kpdnbm\nbn¬ Kpcp°tf D≈p; Hcn-

°epw eLp°fn√. "Btemtlm' lmteepøm- ˛ sam¿tbm apXemb

]Zßƒ ]cntim[n°pI. an° A£cßfpw Zo¿LßfmWv. lkz-

amsW¶n¬ Xo¿®bmbpw kzchnlo\amb Hc£cw AXns‚ ]n∂m-

se D≠mbncn°pw. Cßs\ kIe A£cßfpw Kpcp°fmbncn°psa-

∂p≈XmWp kpdnbm\n kwKoXØns‚ hnPbw. ]mńepw ]ZyØnepw

Zo¿Lm£cßƒ Ignhp≈nStØmfw IqSnbncn°p∂Xp \∂msW∂p

IhnXm[¿Ωa¿Ω⁄∑m¿°dnbmw.

"Bko¬ ]pcm]ca]mh\Io¿Øn`qam

\mtIm]ta \nj[\ohrXn \oXnimen

cmPmcXoikp`tKm PKtZIhocx

iohoctk\X\tbm \f\mat[bx'

\fNcnXw B´°Ybnse Cu BZy ]ZyØn¬ Zo¿Lm£cw D]-

tbmKn°mhp∂ 28 ÿm\ßfp≈Xn¬ c≠p hnk¿§samgn®p _m°n

26 ÿm\ßfnepw Zo¿Lm£cw Xs∂ ]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xns‚

clkyw F¥msW∂p FSpØp ]dtb≠ Bhiyan√. \oń∏mtS≠

ÿm\Øv Zo¿Lm£cw h∂ns√¶n¬ DStbm≥, DuStbm\pw, tXm´-

°mc≥, tXm´m°mc\pw, ]´°mc≥, ]m´°mc\pamIpw. "Kpcphm°mw

C—t]mse ]mSn \oń eLp°sf' F∂ \nbaw kpdnbm\n cmKsØ

kw_‘n®nStØmfw kzoImcya√ Xs∂. hrØsam∂pan√msX NXpc-

hSnhn¬ FgpXnbn´p≈ ]m´pIfpsS tLmjbmXbmWv \ΩpsS an°

hm¿jnImcm[\Ifnepw Ct∏mƒ \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂Xv. At∏mƒ

IpdpInb A£cßsf hen®p\o´p∂Xns\∏‰n F¥p ]dbm\mWv.

Rßƒ°p≈ I¿Ømth......

............................................................


Rm≥ Ncn™\pIqeØmepdßptºmƒ F∂nßs\ Htc "Ia'

Ønep≈ ASnIƒ cmKsshIeyw IqSmsX Be]n°phm≥ Xg°w

kn≤n®n´p≈ \ΩpsS kmam\yP\ßfpsS hrØimkvXt_m[w

£bn®p hcp∂Xn¬ sX√pw AXnibn∏m\n√.

kpdnbm\n`mj kwKoXØn\p ]‰nbXmWv. AXnse cmKßƒ°v

tIcfØnse tZiob KoXßtfmSv hfsc kmZriyap≠v. kpdnbm\n

KoXßfpsS kmlnXy`wKnbpw Bib]ujv°eyhpw kvXpXy¿l-

atX. ]t£ AXns‚ C∂sØ `mjm¥coIcW coXn amXw Zp¿∆-

lamWv. hyhlmcmZn ]mcX¥ßfn¬ \n∂p hnap‡bmhm≥

t]mIp∂ \ΩpsS k` DS≥ Xs∂ CXns\mcp t]mwhgnbp≠m°m

Xncn°bns√∂p \ap°v kamizkn°mw.

(1958)

Documents

ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kz¿§ob In∂cw - Malankara Orthodoxmarthoman.tv/images/C. P. Chandy.pdf · Sabhakavi C. P. Chandy Malankara Sabhayude Swargeeya Kinnaram K. V. Mammen Kottackal