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8/6/2019 AEN 3209 MEC 4202 Presentation
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8/17/2011
Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental EngineeringMakerere University
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8/17/2011
Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental EngineeringMakerere University
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Pollution control (PC):
y Measures taken to manage pollution after it has
occurred.
Pollution Prevention (PP):
y Measures taken at the source to eliminate and/or reduce
pollution in all sectors from small service operations toindustrial complex production/manufacturing .
y Five areas of PP focus: Water, Air, Solids, Time & Energy.
8/17/2011 3Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental Engineering
Makerere University
Pollution Control (CP) & Pollution
Prevention (PP or P2)
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y To eliminate and/or reduce waste generation.
y To conserve natural resources and materials.
y To prevent spills and accidental releases
y
To prevent product losses.
8/17/2011 4Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental Engineering
Makerere University
Goals of PP :
Techniques or approaches for PP :y Define environmental management policy in terms of goals
rather than inputs.y Achieve a greater decentralization of policies.y Abandon practices that emphasize strictly emissions control
in exchange for a broader goal of improving performancemanagement styles
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y Continual effort to prevent pollution, reduce consumption ofwater, raw material and energy, and minimize waste generationat the source, without decrease in production capacity.
y Is a waste decrease tool in the manufacturing/industrial sector.y CP refers to PP within the production processes.
CP and PP attempts to reduce and/or eliminate air, water andland pollution and both benefit both the environment andsociety.
Both CP and PP reduce costs and can generate profit; arepractical & feasible and contribute to a sustainable future.
CP and PP are process based and evolve with improvement intechnology and innovations.
8/17/2011 5Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental Engineering
Makerere University
Cleaner Production (CP):
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yPP is an environmental managementconcept applicable to all sectors (Agriculture;Mining; Construction; Manufacturing; Transportation &Utilities; Wholesale trade; Retail trade; Finance, Insurance,
Real Estate; Services; Public Administration; Consumers), CPis a waste reduction/ prevention
technique designed especially for sectorsdealing with production processes likethe manufacturing sector.
8/17/2011 6Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental Engineering
Makerere University
CP & PP
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y Waste reduction: achieve zero waste discharge.y Non-polluting production: Closed loop production processes
with zero contaminant release.y Production energy efficiency: Requires highest levels of energy
efficiency(Energy consumption per product output) &
conservation (Reduction of energy usage).y Safe and healthy work environment: Minimize risks of workers
by making the workplace a cleaner, safer and healthierenvironment .
y Environmentally sound products & By-products: Health andenvironmental factors must be considered at the earliest pointof product and process design and over the product life-cycle(Production-use-disposal).
y Environmentally sound Packaging: Minimized productpackaging and ensure environmental friendly.
8/17/2011 7Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental Engineering MakerereUniversity
The main components of CP
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y PP and CP have significant environmental
(Reduction/eliminate CO2 & SO2 emissions; issues of climatechange, acid precipitation, urban smog), economic (Avertedfurther environmental damage in a cost-effective manner) andsocial benefits (Restoration of natural environment createsa safer and more enjoyable habitat, and improves health &
living standards).y The effectiveness of the PP program is dependent on:
(i) Availability of resources (Technical, financial,Scientific, and Engineering);
(ii) Cultural acceptance (Change of practices andenvisioning new goals of PP); and
(iii) Development stages (Existence of different degrees/levels of pollution due to the socio-economic development).
8/17/2011 8Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental Engineering
Makerere University
8/6/2019 AEN 3209 MEC 4202 Presentation
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y Reduction in operating costs (Reduced waste treatment,storage & disposal costs; fewer resources for production &packaging; efficiency measures; energy costs & facilitycleanup);
y Reduction in ecological damage (Air quality improvement,no pollution of water & land from waste generating,transporting, storage & disposal)
y Improved company/organization image (Positive employee
attitude because of safe & health working environment;Healthy, Safety & Sustainability of neighborhoods)
y Reduction of civil and criminal liability(Reduced wastegenerated).
8/17/2011 9Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental Engineering
Makerere University
Key benefits of PP & CP Programs
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yResistance to change;
y
Fear of high costs;yUncertainty of customerresponse to change;
yLack of priority for PP and CPprograms.
8/17/2011 10Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental Engineering
Makerere University
Constraints to PP & CP Programs
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ySource Reduction
yRecycling/Reuse
yTreatment
yDisposal
8/17/2011 11Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 Environmental Engineering
Makerere University
Levels of Environmental Management Hierarchy
Source Reduction
Recycling/Reuse
Treatment
Disposal
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8/17/2011 12Dr. MPA: AEN 3209/MEC 4202 EnvironmentalEngineering Makerere University