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April 14, 2015 "Focused On Your World" 1
Aerial, Mobile and Terrestrial LiDARfor
ESRI Petroleum GIS Conference
Bob Williams, PSM, CP, GISP
April 10, 2015
What is LiDAR?
• LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) is a technology that determines distance to an object or surface using laser pulses.
April 14, 2015 "Focused On Your World" 2
LiDAR Acquisition
• LiDAR Data can be Acquired using Several Methods+ Fixed Wing (UAS)
+ Rotary Wing (UAS)
+ Mobile+ Terrestrial
• The correct acquisition platform is determined by the type of project
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LiDAR Point Density Ranges• 1 – 12 ppm for fixed wing• 10 - 50 ppm rotary wing• 100 - 3,000 ppm mobile• 1,000+ ppm terrestrial
+
Point Density
Collection Range/Speed of Collection
Terrestrial
Fixed WingHelicopter
Mobile
Relative Accuracies
UAS
GPS Base Station
GPS SATELLITESAGPS
IMU
ZX
Y
ZX
Y
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April 14, 2015 "Focused On Your World" 6
Fixed Wing vs Rotary
• Fixed wing has longer endurance 90 min to 8 hours• Fixed wing can carry a heavier payload• Fixed wing noise signature is insignificant for sensitive
environment concerns• Fixed wing subject to high, gusty winds• Rotary is better for hovering, high resolution inspection• Rotary is good for vertical takeoffs in limited operational
airspace and close confines• Rotary is easier launch and recovery
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LiDAR Benefits
• Significantly shortens field acquisition time• Safety Considerations – Reduces personnel presence in
the ROW• Reutilization of LiDAR for future feature extraction• Virtual surveys can be performed in the office from the Point
Cloud• Existing Above Ground Infrastructure• Slope Analysis Studies• Rebuilds• As-built• Greenfields• Vegetation Management
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Point Cloud Density Comparisons
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Fixed wing Helicopter Mobile Static Terrestrial
Data Classification
Initial Post Processing
FeatureExtraction
Processing Tasks
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LiDAR Sensors 1
Cameras Digital Imagery and Video
Scanner Field of View 45° - 60°
Laser Measurement Rate
200,000 Points Per Second
Relative Accuracy (points within scan data)
0.065’
Absolute Accuracy Project Requirement Driven•.25 to .5 Feet•GPS Quality•Post Processing Techniques
•Project Targeting
Laser Classification IEC/CDRH Class 1 eye-safe
10 - 50 points / m2
Helicopter LiDAR
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April 14, 2015 "Focused On Your World" 12
Helicopter LiDAR
LiDAR Sensors 2
Cameras 2 x 5-megapixel
Scanner FOV 360°
Measurement Rate
160,000 to 400,000 Points Per Second
System Range 5’ to 600’ Radius
Relative Accuracy (points within scan data)
0.023’
Absolute Accuracy
Range of Accuracy
Sub-meter – for GIS Applications
to < 0.10 Foot for Design
Applications
Laser Classification
IEC/CDRH Class 1 eye-safe
Mobile Mapping
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100 - 3,000 ppm mobile
• Dual LiDAR Sensors - Doubles the coverage area & improves data resolution
• Scanning speeds up to 60mph• Less laser shadowing• Sides of Structures
Capabilities
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Static or Terrestrial LiDAR
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1000+ ppm terrestrial
Terrestrial Scanning
Near Time As-built Surveys
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Wide Area Route Planning
Corridor Mapping
LiDAR will support .50’, 1’ or 2’ Contour Accuracy
Focused On Your World
(3D) Orthophoto
• Fused Colorized LiDAR Point Cloud
• Best of both worlds (Points and Pixels)
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+
LiDAR Derivative Products
• Shaded Relief• Gradient Map• Full DSM (above ground
features)• 3D Ortho Map• Colorized Point Cloud
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• Field Verification• NSSDA & ASPRS Check Surveys• Best Practices• Statistical Analysis• Map Certification• LiDAR is not Magic!!!
Map Accuracy Testing
